Date: 15th Jun 2020

SLIDE NO. 01

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422)

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 02

Week-03

Lecture-02

Stability of Structures
(Sliding and Overturning Checks in Building Structures)

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 03

Stability of Structures
When a structure is subjected to gravity and lateral loads there are
different types of failure can be possible at global level.

It can be settle down due to the presence of excessive gravity loads as

compared to the bearing capacity of soil.
Or
It can be slide or overturn due to the application of excessive lateral
forces such as wind and earthquake forces.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 04

Stability of Structures

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 05

Stability Failures in Building Structures

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 06

Stability Failures in Building Structures

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 07

Stability Failures in Bridges

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 08

Sliding In Building Structures

The horizontal forces (wind/earthquake) tends to push the structure in a horizontal direction. The
building structure must be wide enough to resist the sliding of the structure. The resistance offered
by the structure is depends upon the frictional force between the structure and the soil. The
magnitude of frictional force vary from soil to soil due to the variation in coefficient of friction (m).
The coefficient of friction may be adopted for different types of soil are as follows,

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 09

Sliding In Building Structures

The total horizontal reactive force (FR), on the base to resist the sliding effect is

FR = m W
m= Coefficient of friction depends upon type of soil FL
W = Total Dead Weight of the Structure

The factor of safety against sliding (FOSs) can be calculated by

FOSs = FR/FL
FL = Lateral force (Wind force/ Earthquake force)
FR
Note: The value of FOSs should be greater than or equal to 1.5.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 10

Overturning In Building Structures

L
The horizontal forces (wind/earthquake) tends to overturn the
structure about the point zero on the toe. The overturning moment is
directly proportion to the building height and the lateral forces. This FL

overturning effect can be balance by the weight of the structure and

W
also depends upon the base length of the structure.
H

L /2

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 11

Overturning In Building Structures

The total balancing moment (Mb), on the base to resist the overturning effect is
L

Mb = W x L /2
W = Total Dead Weight of the Structure
L = Length of the building
FL
Whereas, the overturning moment (Mo) Mo = FL x H
W
FL = Lateral force (Wind force/ Earthquake force)
H= Lever arm from the base to resultant lateral force H

The factor of safety against overturning (FOSo) can be calculated by

FOSo = Mb/MO
Note: The value of FOSs should be greater than or equal to 2.0.

L /2
Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 12

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Q-06: Perform the stability checks (sliding and overturning) for the given structure subjected to
earthquake forces? Assume the structure is located on silty soil (m = 0.35).

F3 = 124 k

F2 = 82.7 k

F1 = 41.3 k

50 ft V = 248 k

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 13

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Sliding
F3 = 124 k
Total weight = W = 3 X 1000 = 3000 kips
Total Lateral Force = FL = F3+F2+F1 = 248 kips
F2 = 82.7 k
So horizontal reactive force = FR = m W = 0.35 x 3000 =1050 kips

The factor of safety against sliding (FOSs) can be calculated by F1 = 41.3 k

FOSs = FR/FL
FOSs = 1050/248
FOSs = 4.23 > 1.5 V = 248 k
So the structure is safe against sliding.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 14

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Overturning
F3 = 124 k
Balancing Moment = Mb = W x L /2
H3 = 36ft
Balancing Moment = Mb = 3 x 1000 x 50/2 = 75000 k-ft
F2 = 82.7 k

H = 36 ft
overturning moment = Mo = FL x H
overturning moment = Mo = F1 x H1 + F2 x H2 + F3 x H3 H2 = 24ft
overturning moment = Mo = 41.3 x 12 + 82.7 x 24 + 124 x 36 = 6944 k-ft F1 = 41.3 k
The factor of safety against overturning (FOSo) can be calculated by
H1 = 12ft
FOSo = Mb/Mo
FOSo = 75000/6944 L = 50ft
FOSo = 10.8 > 2.0
So the structure is safe against overturning.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 15

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Q-07: Perform the stability checks (sliding and overturning) for the given structure subjected to
earthquake forces only in shorter direction? Assume the structure is located on hard rock (m =
0.60).
F10
F9
F8
F7
F6
H = 102ft
F5
F4
F3
F2

F1

L = 80ft
Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 16

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Sliding
Fx F10 W10 = 672 kips
kips W9 = 1344 kips
Total weight = W = W1+W2…. Wn = 12768 kips F9
F10 = 191.775 W8 = 1344 kips
F8
Total Lateral Force = FL = F1 +F2 …. Fn = 1206 kips F9 = 199.378
F7 W7 = 1344 kips
F8 = 177.706
So horizontal reactive force = FR = m W = 0.60 x 12768 =7661 kips F6 W6 = 1344 kips
F7 = 156.035
F6 = 134.363 F5 W5 = 1344 kips

F5 = 112.692 W4 = 1344 kips

The factor of safety against sliding (FOSs) can be calculated by F4
F4 = 91.0202 W3 = 1344 kips
FOSs = FR/FL F3
F3 = 69.3487 F2 W2 = 1344 kips
FOSs = 7661/1206 F2 = 47.6773 W1 = 1344 kips
F1
FOSs = 6.35 > 1.5 F1 = 26.0058

So the structure is safe against sliding.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 17

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Overturning F10 W10 = 672 kips

F9 W9 = 1344 kips

F8 W8 = 1344 kips
Balancing Moment = Mb = W x L /2 W7 = 1344 kips
F7
Balancing Moment = Mb = (9 x 1344 + 672) x 80/2 = 510720 k-ft F6 W6 = 1344 kips

overturning moment = Mo = FL x H F5 W5 = 1344 kips

overturning moment = Mo = F1 x H1 + F2 x H2 + F3 x H3….+ F10 x H10 F4 W4 = 1344 kips

W3 = 1344 kips
H1 = 12 ft, H2 =22ft, H3=32ft….. H10 = 102ft F3
F2 W2 = 1344 kips
overturning moment = Mo = 26x12 + 47.7x22+69.4x32……191.8x102= 85304 k-ft
W1 = 1344 kips
The factor of safety against overturning (FOSo) can be calculated by F1

FOSo = Mb/Mo
FOSo = 510720/85304 L = 80ft
FOSo = 5.98 > 2.0
So the structure is safe against overturning.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 18

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Q-08: Perform the stability checks (sliding and overturning) for the given structure subjected to
earthquake forces only in shorter direction? Assume the structure is located on coarse grain soil
without silt (m = 0.55).

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 19

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Sliding
Total weight = W = W1+W2 +W3 = 7776 kips
Total Lateral Force = FL = F1 +F2 + F3 = 201 kips
F3 = 57.4 W3 = 1296 kips
So horizontal reactive force = FR = m W = 0.55 x 7776
FR = m W = 4277kips F2 = 95.7 W2 = 3240 kips

F1 = 47.9 W1 = 3240 kips

The factor of safety against sliding (FOSs) can be
calculated by
FOSs = FR/FL
FOSs = 4277/201
FOSs = 21.3 > 1.5
So the structure is safe against sliding.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 15th Jun 2020
SLIDE NO. 20

Sliding and Overturning Checks

• Check for Overturning
Balancing Moment = Mb = W x L /2
Balancing Moment = Mb = (2 x 3240 + 1296) x 120/2 = 466560 k-ft
overturning moment = Mo = FL x H F3 = 57.4 W3 = 1296 kips
overturning moment = Mo = F1 x H1 + F2 x H2 + F3 x H3
H1 = 13 ft, H2 =26ft and H3=39ft F2 = 95.7 W2 = 3240 kips

F1 = 47.9 W1 = 3240 kips

overturning moment = Mo = 47.9x13 + 95.7x26 + 57.4x39

Mo = 5349.5 k-ft
The factor of safety against overturning (FOSo) can be calculated by
FOSo = Mb/Mo
FOSo = 466560/5349.5
FOSo = 87.2 > 2.0
So the structure is safe against overturning.

Structural Design and Drawing (CE-422), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi