IoT

What is IoT?

Evolution of Internet

IoT Architecture

Applications of IoT
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices
which can sense, accumulate and transfer
data over the internet without any human
intervention.
 Introduction

IoT as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced

services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and
evolving interoperable information and communication technologies.

The network can be a combination of people-things, things-things and

people-people.

The most important elite presence of cloud space on Internet is shaping the
architecture of IoT in a feasible and rational form. It connects plethora of
heterogeneous object .
 Evolution

Internet can be Classified as

The Internet of Documents

The Internet of Commerce

The Internet of Applications

The Internet of People

The Internet of Things

 IoT Architecture
Stage 1 : Sensors, Actuators and Devices
Stage 2: Data Acquisition System
Stage 3: Pre Processing , Edge Analytics
Stage 4 : Cloud Analytics
 Stage 1
A thing in the context of “Internet of Things”, should
be equipped with sensors and actuators thus giving
the ability to emit, accept and process signals.
Stage 2 (Data Acquisition Systems)
The data from the sensors starts in analogue form
which needs to be aggregated and converted into
digital streams for further processing. Data
acquisition systems perform these data aggregation
and conversion functions.
Stage 3 (Pre Processing):
Once IoT data has been digitized and aggregated, it
may require further processing before it enters the
data center, this is where Edge Analytics comes in.
Stage 4 (Cloud Analytics)

Data that needs more in-depth processing gets

forwarded to physical data centers or cloud-based
systems.
 IoT Applications
Natural Disaster Management
The Internet of Things platform can be used to accumulate data related to a
specific geographic location using remote monitoring tools and perform analytics
so that early warnings of a disaster can be found out.
Better Health Care
IoT can have a major impact when it comes to remote health monitoring. Even
though the patient is on the move, his vitals can be continuously sent to the
doctors with the help of IoT platform.
Smart Farming with IoT
The task of irrigation can be automated with the help of IoT. A set of sensors
such as light, humidity, temperature can be used to continuously monitor the
field conditions.
Smart Energy Management with IoT
With smart grids energy distribution can be optimized. These grids also keep
collecting real-time data which helps in distributing electricity efficiently and
also to reduce the outages.
Pollution Control with IoT
The IoT platform helps us to continuously monitor the air quality and
water quality. This data will be sent to the cloud, where further analytics
can be performed so that a proper action can be taken to control
pollution.
 Architectural Design Choices

IOT-A

IOT-A project proposed an Architectural Reference Model(ARM) that support

design choices with a common understanding. It supports interoperability.

ARM also defines guidelines for designing protocols, algorithms and interfaces.

Wireless Sensor Network

IP and non IP based technology solutions are used for WSNs

Zigbee,Z-wave,Insteon and Wavevenis are non IP Based solution

 Architectural Design Choices

IPv6 and 6LoWPAN are IP based solutions of WSN

Presence of many proprietary and non proprietary Wireless

network, it is difficult for a cohesive integration of WSN with fast
growing Internet Technologies

World is moving towards IP based solutions which are based on

open standard like IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
 Architectural Design Choices

Sensei

The primary objective of this project is to design a network of the future by

integrating the physical and digital world.

This project deploy and interconnect sensors, network nodes and actuators
everywhere.

SENSEI does not differentiate physical object and virtual object.

 Internet and mobile applications in IoT

Internet and web application in IoTs are generally facilitated by open

sourcing hardware and software.

One can easily develop applications using Python, html5, C and Node.js.

As communication in IoT is both ways, a browser can establish

communication with JavaScript API to real time web through TCP/IP.

IoT enabled applications can control light, sensors and other electrical and
electronics appliances.

Customers provide their feedback and input before Mobile application

development. Usually, a prototype is prepared and tested in real time for
IoT enabled mobile applications.
 Internet and mobile applications in IoT

Competition is happening between Android and iOS mobiles. Evothing Studio

is a popular tool for developing IOT enabled mobile application development.

This studio consists of a client, a workbench, example applications and native

plugins.This platform is freely available in Internet and open source based.
 Scope and benefits of IoT

As per a report of Thesunsdaily, consumers will start initiating the usage

of IoT in a better way during 2015 and onwards compared to past usage

It is expected that IoT products with interoperable capability will

dominate the market. Awareness of IoT products is also vital for market
penetration along with security features

Many interesting IoT products like automatic door locks, Wi-Fi

connected ceiling fans, light swirches,LED bulbs, smart watches,3-D
printers and smart clothes will be popular among consumers.

MyBrain Technology in France has developed "Melomind". This EEG

Headset can measure a human's brain waves and adjust music in a
Smartphone app as they change. This product can be used as a digital
meditation aid. A smart baby pacifier can measure the temperature of a
baby and transmit the same to the Smartphone of parents.
 Scope and benefits of IoT

It is now possible that an helmet of a two wheeler can interact with a car
for avoiding collision.
Connected toothbrush can now monitor and make one's experience
pleasurable .A three dimensional senor of the electric brush can connect
with Smartphone apps and provide real time feedback to the person .
Many scopes will be created for technology companies to release offerings
as per the behaviour of consumers. It may so happen that Netflix can know
when a person is sad and alone by monitoring the smart watch, smart
thermostat and in-home camera. Subsequently, Netflix may offer a movie
to change the mood.
In a consumer electronics show in Los Vegas, Samsung informed that the
company would invest 100 million dollar for progress of IoT. The company
will also promote an open technology ecosystem for facilitating the usage
of IoT.
 Issues and challenges

Governance

Security

Interoperability

Privacy

Regulations

Providing power to billions of sensors

Standardization issues
 Issues and challenges

A real change can happen if we can develop a system to evaluate the

massive data generated in IoT Environment and acts on these data in real
time.IoT is now in early stage of adoption. Primary obstacles to adoption
are awareness of IoTs among consumers, features and benefits of these
products.
 Conclusion and future research
direction

The Internet of Things, Industrial Internet and Internet of Everything will

morph into the Internet of Anything.

IoA will input all data in an unified way with a common software
"ecosystem“.

Though many IT companies are now busy in addressing interoperability

issues and the challenge of controlling hardware devices through software, the
world community is now moving towards creating opportunity to live in a
"connected life" environment.