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72 views6 pages

General Mathematics Q1 LAS Wk8

Uploaded by

Pj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII – Central Visayas
Schools Division of Bohol

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
First Quarter, Week 8 – Day 1

Name :_______________________________________ Score :___________


Grade :_____________ Section:___________

Competency Represents real-life situation using logarithmic functions


(M11GM-Ih-1)
Distinguishes logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,
and logarithmic inequality ((M11GM-Ih-2)
Objective To represents real life situations using logarithmic functions
To distinguish logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,
and logarithmic inequality
Topic Representing real-life situations using logarithmic functions
Distinguishing logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,
and logarithmic inequality
Materials Learning Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 513
General Mathematics Learner’s Material pp. 100-103
General Mathematics, Banigon et al pp. 59-60
General Mathematics, Oronce pp. 86-94
Copyright For classroom use only
DepEd owned
Pending Approval

Concept Notes

Logarithmic and exponential functions can be used to model real-world


situations.
Logarithmic functions are very helpful when working with phenomena that have
a very wide range of values, because they allow you to keep the values you actually work
with in a smaller range.
Some examples of this include:
 sound intensity
dB = 10log[ I ÷ I0 ]
 earthquake magnitude in a Richter scale

 Acidity and the pH scale


pH = −log[H+]

Logarithm is an exponent which b must have to produce y.

Logarithmic function with base b defined by f(x) = logbx is the inverse function
of the exponential function with base b whose value is always positive. That is,
y = logbx if and only if x = by .

The logarithmic function with the base 10 is called the common logarithmic
function. To simplify the notation, we shall agree that when the base of a logarithm is
not written, it is understood to be 10. That is, log y = log 10y
The logarithmic function with base e is the natural logarithmic function
and is denoted by the special symbol ln x read as “the natural logarithm of x”.

Examples of logarithmic functions:


f(x) = log2 x g(x) = 3 – ½ ln( x + 1) y = 2log x-3

Logarithmic equation is an equation that involves logarithm.

Examples:
log0.5(x+ 3)= -5 log264 = 6 log71= 0

Logarithmic inequality is an inequality in which one or both sides involves logarithm

Examples:
log5(1-x) < 625 log( 2x + 5) > log( 3x – 1) log0.5(7x – 3) ≥ -2

Exercise
Determine whether the following is logarithmic function, logarithmic equation
or logarithmic inequality.
1. log2x+ 3≥ log2(1-x)
2. log2(1-x) + log2(3-x) = log2(x+ 1) – 2
3. log1000 = 3
4. y = 2 lnx - 5
5. g(x) = log6(3-2x) + 1
6. log3(x + 1) < 1 – log3(2x – 3)
7. log0.5( x + 3) = -5
8. h(x) = 1 – log3( x+ 2)
9. y = 2 + log2(3x)
10. log3(x+ 2) + log36 = 3

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 8 – Day 2

Competency Solves logarithmic equations and inequalities (M11GM-Ih-i-1)


Objective To solves logarithmic equations and inequalities
Topic Solving Logarithmic Equation
Materials Learning Activity Sheets
References: Final MELC page 513
General Mathematics, Banigon et al pp. 92 -93
General Mathematics , Oronce pp 175 - 177
Copyright: For classroom use only
Pending Approval

Concept Notes

Guidelines in solving logarithmic equations:


1. Isolate the logarithmic term on one side of the equation.
2. Write the equation in exponential form.
3. Solve for the variable.
4. Check to make sure you do not have extraneous solutions.
Properties and Laws of Logarithms
Common Natural
1. log 1 = 0 because 100 = 1 1. ln 1 = 0 because e0 = 1
2. log 10 = 1 because 101= 10 2. ln e = 1 because e1 = e
3. log 10x = x and 10 log x = x Inverse Property 3. ln ex = x and elnx = x
4. If log x = log y, then x= y 4. If ln x = ln y ,then x = y
5. log xy = log x + log y Logarithm of a Product 5. ln xy = ln x + ln y
𝑥 𝑥
6. log = log x – log y Logarithm of a Quotient 6. ln = ln x – ln y
𝑦 𝑦
7. log xn= n log x Logarithm of a Power 7. ln xn= n ln x

Examples
1.) Solve log2(2x + 1) = 3
Solution:
log2( 2x + 1) = 3
2x +1 = 32 Exponential form
2x+ 1 = 8
2x = 8 – 1
2x = 7 Simplify
7
x=
2
2.) 4 ln 2x = 12
Solution:
ln 2x = 3 divide both sides by 4
e ln 2x = e3 Exponentiate both sides
2x = e3 Inverse Property
𝑒3
x= Divide both sides by 2
2
x ≈ 10.04277

3. 2 log4 x = log4 9
Solution:
2 log4 x = log4 9
log4 x2 = log4 9 logarithm of a power
x2 = 9 property of logarithm
x = 3 or x = -3
Since logarithms of negative numbers are not
defined, -3 is extraneous and is discarded.
The equation has only one solution x= 3.

4. ln (3x + 8) = ln(2x +2) + ln(x-2)


Solution:
ln( 3x + 8) = ln(2x +2) + ln(x-2)
3x + 8 = (2x +2) (x-2)
3x + 8 = 2x2 – 2x -4
2x – 2x - 3x -4- 8 = 0
2 simplify
2x2 – 5x -12 = 0 factor
(2x + 3) (x - 4) = 0
2x + 3 = 0 x – 4 =0
2x = -3 x = 4 solution
3
x = - extraneous solution
2

Exercise
Solve the following logarithmic equations.
1. log3 x = 5
2. log4 (x + 1) = 2
3. ln x2 = ln 9
4. log52x + log5(x+ 1) = log5(3x + 10)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 8 – Day 3

Objective To solve word problems involving exponential functions, equations


and inequalities

Concept Notes

Logarithmic inequalities can often be solved just by using the fact that
 logax > y is same as x > ay of logax < y is same as x < ay
 If logac > logad , then c> d

These two statements hold true regardless of the inequality sign. It is also important to
note that it is only possible to take the logarithm of a positive number. The solution to
a logarithmic inequality can be written in interval notation.

Examples:

Solve each logarithmic inequality.


1. log3x ≤ 5
Solution:
x ≤ 53 exponential form
x ≤ 243
0 ≤ x ≤ 243 exclude zero & all the negative nos.
Therefore, the solution is (0,243)

2. log4x ≥ 3
Solution:
x ≥ 34
x ≥ 64
Therefore, the solution is (64, ∞)

3. log5(3x+2)< log5(2x+5)
Solution:
(3x+2)< (2x+5) The bases are the same so remove the logs
3x – 2x < 5 – 2
x<3 Solve the inequality
3x + 2> 0 & 2x + 5 > 0 Find values that are not included by setting each side
of the given inequality greater than 0
3x + 2> 0 & 2x + 5 > 0
3x > -2 2x > -5
2 5
x>- x >-
3 2
2
- < x <3
3

2
Therefore, the solution is (- ,3)
3

Exercise
Solve the following logarithmic inequalities.
1. log(2x +5) > log(3x -1)
2. log2(x + 18) ≥ 4
3. log4(x-1) < 2
4. log6 (x + 8 ) ≤ 2
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 8 – Day 4

Competency Represents logarithmic function through table of values, graph


and equation (M11GM-Ii-2)
Objective To represents logarithmic function through table of values, graph
and equation
Topic Represents logarithmic function through table of values, graph
and equation
Materials Learning Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 514
General Mathematics, Banigon et al pp. 86-80
General Mathematics, Oronce pp. 162-163
Copyright For classroom use only
Pending Approval

Concept Notes

Representing Logarithmic Function through Table of Values

To determine whether the given table of values represents a logarithmic


function, the values should show a common ratio in x that generates the sequence of
numbers which increases very rapidly.
Examples:
1. 2.
y -2 -1 0 1 2 y -2 -1 0 1 2
x 1 1 1 3 9
x 1 1 1 2 4
9 3
4 2 x has a common ratio of 3
x has a common ratio of 2

Representing Exponential Function through Graph


For all positive real numbers b≠1, the function defined by f(x) = log b x has the following
properties:
1. The domain is the set of all positive real numbers.
2. The range is the set of real numbers
3. The graph has an x-intercept is (1, 0)
4. The y – axis is the vertical asymptote.
5. If b> 1, the function is increasing
6. If 0<b<1, the function is decreasing.

increasing decreasing

Representing Logarithmic Function through Equation


Logarithmic function with base b defined by f(x) = logb x is the inverse function
of the exponential function with base b whose value is always positive.
That is, y = logb x if and only if x = by .

Examples of equations that define logarithmic function:


f(x) = log2x g(x) = 3 – ½ ln ( x + 1) y = 2log x-3
Exercise 1.

Tell whether the following tables represents logarithmic function or not.


1. x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 4 8 16 32 64

2.
x 1/9 1/3 1 3 9
f(x) 0 1 2 3 4
3.
x 3 4 5 6 7
f(x) 45 56 67 78 89

4. x 1/4 1/2 1 2 4
f(x) -2 -1 0 1 2

Exercise 2.
Identify whether the following graph illustrates logarithmic function or not.
1. 2.

3. 4.

Exercise 3.
Determine whether the following functions are logarithmic or not.

1. f(x) = 5x
2. f(x) = log3 x
3. f(x) = 2 ln x - 5
1
4. f(x) = ( )𝑥
2

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