Scribd
Upload
88 views31 pages

Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

1) Exponential functions have the form f(x)=ab^x where a and b are constants. Logarithmic functions are the inverse of exponential functions. 2) Properties of exponential functions include that f(x)>0 for all x, and as x approaches positive or negative infinity, the function approaches 0 or infinity depending on if b is between 0 and 1 or greater than 1. 3) Logarithmic equations can be solved by using properties of logarithms to isolate the variable, and checking solutions in the original equation.

Uploaded by

waydoorfasey
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views31 pages

Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

1) Exponential functions have the form f(x)=ab^x where a and b are constants. Logarithmic functions are the inverse of exponential functions. 2) Properties of exponential functions include that f(x)>0 for all x, and as x approaches positive or negative infinity, the function approaches 0 or infinity depending on if b is between 0 and 1 or greater than 1. 3) Logarithmic equations can be solved by using properties of logarithms to isolate the variable, and checking solutions in the original equation.

Uploaded by

waydoorfasey
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Exponential & Logarithmic

Functions
Exponential Functions
• Definition: An exponential function is a
function in the form,
f(x)=abx where a ≠0, b > 0 , b ≠1.
Letting a=1, we have f(x)=bx .
• Properties of f (x) = bx
1. f (0) =1. The function will always take the
value of 1 at x = 0 .
2. f (x) ≠0 . An exponential function will
never be zero.
3. f (x) > 0 . An exponential function is
always positive.
Exponential Functions
4. The previous two properties can be
summarized by saying that the range of an
exponential function is (0,∞) .
5. The domain of an exponential function is
(-∞,∞) .
6. If 0 < b <1 then,
a. f (x)→0 as x→∞
b. f (x)→∞ as x→-∞
7. If b >1 then,
a. f (x)→∞ as x→∞
b. f (x)→0 as x→-∞
Exponential Functions
Exponential Functions
Exponential Functions
• Definition : The natural
exponential function is f(x) = ex
where, e = 2.71828182845905….
• Since e >1 then ex→∞ as x→∞ and
ex →0 as x→-∞.
Logarithmic Functions
• If b > 0 and b ≠ 1, the exponential
function f(x) = bx is either increasing
or decreasing, so it is one-to-one.
• Thus, it has an inverse function f -1,
which is called the logarithmic
function with base b and is denoted
by logb.
Logarithmic Functions
• If we use the formulation of an inverse
function given by
1
f ( x)  y  f ( y )  x
• Then we have
Logarithmic Functions
• Thus, if x > 0, then logbx is the
exponent to which the base b
must be raised to give x.
Logarithmic Functions
• Example 1 Without a calculator give
the exact value of each of the
following logarithms.
(a)log 216
• convert the logarithm to exponential
form.
log 216 = x is equivalent to 2x =16
log 216 = 4 because 24 =16
Logarithmic Functions
(b) log9 1/531441
(c) log3/2 27/8
(d) log100.001
Special Logarithms
• These are,

• In the natural logarithm the base e is


the same number as in the natural
exponential logarithm
Special Logarithms
Special Logarithms
Logarithmic Functions
• Some of the basic properties of logarithms.

• Notice that the last two properties tell us that

are inverses of each other.


Logarithmic Functions
• More Properties
Logarithmic Functions
• Example 2: simplify the following
logarithms
Logarithmic Functions
Logarithmic Functions
• The change of base formula is,

• It will convert from base b to base a.


• The two most common change of base formulas
are

• The usual reason for the change of base formula


is to compute the value of the logarithm that is in
a base that you can’t easily deal with.
Logarithmic Functions
• Example 3:

• This shows us that regardless of which change of


base formula we use, we end up with the same
answer.
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
• We will be solving equations that
involve both exponentials and
logarithms in them.

• We shall therefore make great use of


all the properties of both that we
have covered.
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations

• The first step is to get the exponential on


one side of the equation with a coefficient of
one.

• Now we need to get z out of the exponent so


that we can solve for it. We therefore
introduce the natural logarithm on both sides
and use the property
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations

• The first step is to factor out x from


both terms but do not divide x on both
sides cause this will lead to loss of a
solution.

• At this point we have two possibilities


either
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
• We will now solve the second possibility

• We therefore have two solutions


Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations

• The first step is to get the logarithm on one


side of the equation with a coefficient of 1.

• In order to factor out the x at this point we


introduce the exponent e on both sides.
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
• We shall then use the property

• We need to verify that is not negative because


we can’t plug a negative number into a logarithm. (
> 0)
• Therefore,
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
Exponential & Logarithm
Equations
• When solving equations with
logarithms, it is important to check
your potential solutions to make sure
that they don’t generate logarithms
of negative numbers or zero.
• It is also important to make sure
that you do the checks in the original
equation.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy