Lesson 1 – Basic concept

Technology - refers to a mix of process and product used in the application of knowledge

ICT Literacy - Information and Communication Technolog(ICT) is the use of digital technology create and
communicate information in order to function in a knowledge society.

Educational Technology - refers to the use of technology in teaching and learning

Instructional System & Technology- is the theory and practice of design, management and evaluation of the
processes and resources for learning

Technology Tools - is an instrument used for doing work.

These technology tools can be classified as

a. Data/Calculation tools. - Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability constructor.

b. Design tools. These are used to make models and designs, creating and building. Included here are
Family Tree Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy Machines among others.
c. Discussion Tools. There are four different approaches that utilize discussion and interaction in the
Internet. These are threaded discussion forum, blogging, live chat and Video Teleconferencing,
Netiquette and Safety on the Net.
d. Email tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages, photographs, videos and other
files. It allows you to reach out to others around the world. Examples are googling, mail, Email, Yahoo
mail and many more.
e. Handheld devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners. These include Personal
Digital Assistants, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the
classroom, Portable electronic keyboards, Digital cameras, mobile phones, palm, and hand held
computers.

On-line digital tools and apps use an Internet connection to access the information needed.

Digital Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share and create contents using information technologies and
the internet

Lesson 2 Roles of ICT in Teaching and Learning

1. Technology as a tutor- together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher to teach another
person or technology when programmed by the teacher can be a tutor on its own. The teacher will simply
switch on or switch off radio programs, television programs or play DVD’s or CD’s that contain educational
programs. There are on-line tutorial educational programs, too.
2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like a tutor, technology is a teaching tool, but can never replace a teacher.
This is like the handy man, which is just there to be reached. Like any other tool, it is being used to facilitate
and lighten the work of the teacher. It will be good if the teacher can also create or develop technology tools
that are needed in the classroom.
3. Technology as a learning tool. While the teacher utilizes technology as the tool for teaching, likewise it is an
effective tool for learning. As a learning tool, it makes learning easy and effective. It can produce learning
outcomes that call for technology-assisted teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching can utilize similar
tools for learning. As a learning tool, it is very interesting that even the elderly uses these tools for learning
for life.
Roles That Technology Can Do for Teachers and Teaching.

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment
3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching
4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches
5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific outlook
6. Technology supports teacher professional development.

For Learners and Learning

1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their own.

A. Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces of information that answers the questions what, who,
when, and where.
B. Structural knowledge consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together to attain some form
of meaning.
C. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action of how to do something. It is based on facts but learned
through the process of procedural knowledge. Examples include how to drive a car,
2. Technology enhances learners’ communication skills through social interactions

For this particular role, what are benefits derived from technology-supported communication

a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making learning unlimited because communication
and social interaction go beyond a school day or a school environment.
b. Enhances students’ freedom to express and exchange ideas freely without the snooping eyes of the teacher
face to face
c. Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experiences between the two or more participants in
communication
d. Help learners solve problems from multiple sources since there is limitless sources of information that the
teacher can direct or refer to the learners
e. Teaches learners to communicate with politeness, taking turns in sending information and giving appropriate
feedback
f. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with wider community and individuals in a
borderless learning environment
g. Develops critical thinking, problem solving and creativity throughout the communication

3. Technology upgrades learners’ higher order thinking skills: critical thinking, problem solving and creativity

some ways that teachers can do to develop critical thinking.

a. Ask the right questions

b. Use critical thinking tasks with appropriate level of challenge.

What are some simple ways that teachers should do?

1. Vary the questions asked.

2. Introduce new technologies
3. Modify the learners grouping
4. Modify the critical thinking task
5. Encourage curiosity
Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963) these have been simplified into fewer categories. To be creative, one can
use any of these strategies.

1. Substitute – Find something else to replace to do what it does.

2. Combine- blend two things that do not usually go together
3. Adapt –look for other ways this can be used
4. Modify/ magnify/ minify-make a change, enlarge, decrease
5. Put to another use- find other uses
6. Eliminate- reduce, remove
7. Reverse- turn upside-down, inside out, front-side back

Altogether, the strategies will be labelled as SCAMPER

What should teacher do to support student creativity? Here are some suggestions:

1. Provide an enriched environment

2. Teach creative thinking strategies
3. Allow learners to show what they can do
4. Use creativity with technology

Further, teachers can do the following to develop and enhance critical thinking, problem solving and creativity.
As a future teacher, try these suggestions.

1. Encourage students to find and use information from variety of sources both on-line and off-line.
2. Assist students to compare information from different sources.
3. Allow student to reflect through different delivery modes like writing, speaking or drawing.
4. Use real experiences and material to draw tentative decisions.
5. Involve students in creating and questioning assessment

There are several critical thinking tools and technology software that can support critical thinking tools and
technology software that can support critical thinking skills. Some of these you will encounter in the succeeding
modules:

1. Encourages digital production projects

2. Popularizes e-learning modalities
3. Enhances global awareness and citizenship
MODULE 2

ICT which cover three main areas: telecommunications (telephone), broadcasting (radio and television) and Internet.

The New ICT Technologies

More recent technological innovations increased the reach and speed of communications which can be grouped into
three categories:

1. Information Technology- includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable in modern
societies to process data and save time and effort. What are needed will be computer hardware and
peripherals, software and for the user, computer literacy.
2. Telecommunication technologies- include telephones (with fax) and the broadcasting of radio and television
often through satellites. Telephone system, radio and TV broadcasting are needed in this category.

Networking technologies- the best known of networking technologies is Internet, but has extended to mobile
phone technology, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) satellite communications and other forms of
communications are still in their infancy. In addition to Internet, this category also includes mobile telephone,
cable, DSL, satellite and other broadband connectivity

The DICT Roadmap

3. broadband connectivity.

The DICT Roadmap

In our country, the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) has formulated a roadmap to
guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT. Each project has corresponding policy
statements and guidelines.

The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program under the DICT that supports the efforts of the education sector in
incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to the infrastructure (hardware, software,
telecommunications facilities and others) which are necessary to use and deploy learning technologies at all levels of
education. Among the policy recommended programs that have applications to education teaching-learning are:

1. ICT in Education Master plan for all levels, including a National Roadmap for faculty development in ICT in
Education. A National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic Education was developed.
2. Content and application development through the Open Content in Education Initiative (OCEI) which
converts DepEd materials into interactive multi-media content, develop applications used in schools, and
conduct students and teachers’ competitions to promote the development education-related web content.
3. pheDNET, is a “walled” garden that hosts educational learning and teaching materials and applications for
use by Filipino students, their parents and teachers. All public high schools will be part of this network with
only DepEd-approved multi-media applications, materials and mirrored internet sites accessible from
school’s PC’s.
4. Established Community eLearning Centers called eSKwela for out-of-school youth (OSY) providing them with
ICT-enhanced alternative education opportunities.
5. eQuality Program for tertiary education through partnerships with state universities and colleges (SUCs) to
improve quality of IT education and the use of ICT in education in the country, particularly outside of Metro
Manila.
6. Digital Media Arts Program which builds digital media skills for government using Open Source Technologies.
Particular beneficiary agencies include the Philippine Information Agency and the other government media
organizations, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, National commission for Culture and Arts and other
government art agencies, State Universities and Colleges and local government units.
7. ICT skills strategic plan which develops an inter-agency approach to identifying strategic and policy and
program recommendations to address ICT demand-supply type.
 All the seven programs were guided by the roadmap that embeds policy statements that relate to
education specifically in the enhancement of human development for teaching and learning.

Some Issues on ICT and Internet Policy and Regulations

Global Issues

Access and Civil Liberties are two sets of issues in ICT Policy which are crucial to the modern society. The other
concern is civil liberties which refer to human rights and freedom.

Access to the Use of Internet and ICT. Access means the possibility for everyone to use the internet and other media.

Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights.

Issue No. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship.

Under the international human rights convention, all people are guaranteed the rights for free expression.

The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion, likewise the right to freedom of opinion and expression. However, there are practices
that violate these provisions in the use of internet.

following examples:

1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic networks

2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or filtering the information
3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. This action deters the freedom of expression.

Issue No. 2 Privacy and Security

Privacy policies are an issue. Most commercial sites have a privacy policy. When someone uses a site and clicks “I
agree button, it is as if you have turned over private information to any authority that may access it.

following examples:

1. “personal privacy” the right of individuals not to have their home, private life or personal life interfered with.
2. Privacy of communication refers to the protection from interference with communication over the phone or
internet.
3. Information privacy is related to the use of computers and communications system are able to hold and
process information about large numbers of people at a high speed.

Issue No. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention

The use of electronic communications has enhanced the development of indirect surveillance. In the indirect
surveillance, there is no direct contact between the agent and the subject of surveillance but evidence of activities
can be traced

This is called “counter surveillance” or “information security” if it refers to computers and electronic communication.

Issue No 4: E-pollutants from E-waste

Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipment used for computing (PC’s,
laptops), broadcasting (television and radio sets), telephony (fixed and mobile phones), and peripherals (fax
machines, printers and scanners).

A very dismal state is that there is a significant amount of electronic waste that has been shipped from industrial
countries to developing countries, using less environmentally responsible procedure.

If not controlled then, e-waste will tremendously affect climate change, damage human lives, and overload the
capacity of the earth in carrying solid waste.
For the Teachers and Teaching

1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it. Since ICT development
comes so rapid and fast, teachers might be overwhelmed by its rapid speed. Temperance in its use is a
caution that should be looked at.
2. Technology should never replace any human teacher. The tools are support instructional materials for the
teachers which are available for use. The teacher should learn how to appropriately use them. The human
touch of teacher is still a vital component in teaching. Teachers should always be reminded that there are
always limitations in the use of the different gadget and tools.
3. There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. Caution should be observed to protect
individual privacy. As teachers, you must be aware that the use of technology may jeopardize your privacy
and security.
4. All the issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be encouraged to use
technology in teaching.

For the Learners and Learning

The learners of the 21st century is even more advanced than some of the teachers. However, learners still need
guidance on how to use, regulate technology use. As there are positive and negative effects of technology use,
learners should know the difference. Learners should not only know the benefits of technology use, but they
should also know how they can be protected from the hazards that technology brings to their lives.

Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they can derive such as the development of
higher order thinking skills, the development of learning communities through collaboration, the enhancement
of skills manage the vast resources as 21st century learners and many more.

Both the teachers and learners should be mindful of the e-waste that are being thrown away to the land and to
the atmosphere. Thus, safety in the use of technology shall be presented in the next lesson.