K-what I already KNOW about this topic W-what I WANT to know about this topic L-what I LEARNED about

this topic
1. I already know that we have many 1. I want to know how they called the 1. I learned the different types of police
types of police system throughout the different types of police system. system in the world.
world.
2. Every nation/state have their own 2. I want to know how the other police system 2. I learned also the theories, concepts and the
policing system in maintain the high being imposed to public. controls being executed and practiced of
standards of public safety. police officers in rendering their service to the
community.
3. It composed of theories in policing 3. I want to know the concept of police 3. I learned also other forms of police system,
that serve as their basis in enforcing service and how it was being implemented to like centralized or national, semi-centralized
the law. their lives. or dual control and decentralized police
system.
4. I already know that the system of 4. I want to know the police system in our 4. I learned and realized also that not only our
policing here in the Philippines are county deeply. country experiencing police problems also the
more on concern on the rights of the other country.
Filipino.

5. I want to know how does police 5. And lastly, I learned the different measures
system gives benefit to the to address the police problems that will help
community and to the nation. to gain the dignity and integrity of police
institutions and the trust of the community.
Types of Police System
Activity 3: K-W-L Chart

Learning Check

1. Enumerate and define the types of police system.

 Common Law Systems – there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point. It
is also known as “Anglo-American Justice”.
  Civil Law Systems – it is distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less is right is granted to the accused and the written law is taken as
gospel and subject to little interpretation. It is also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”.
 Socialist System – it is distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender. It is known as “Marxist-Leninist Justice”.
 Islamic System – it is based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions.

2. Distinguish the continental and home rule theory.

 Continental Theory - it is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities. This theory
prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.
 Home Rule – it is the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the people. It prevails in
England and United States. Also, it is the police service which prevails in a country with decentralized form of government. This is the police
service theory being practiced in the Philippines based on existing laws, concepts and principles.

2. Enumerate and define the concept of police service.

 Old police service – states that the yardstick of the police proficiency relies on the numbers of arrest made.
 Modern police service – states that the yardstick of the police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.

3. Distinguish deviance control and civil order control.

 Deviance control – the modern police function which primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values and laws. This was
adopted by the country namely Germany, China and Japan.
 Civil order control – it is not organizationally separated from deviance control but it is performed by regular street police in the country of
England and United States.

Expand your knowledge. Do the following:

1. Read the article about “Effective Administration of Police System” at this link
https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No60/No60_20RC_Group1.pdf.
 Done reading.

2. Share your ideas about what you have read on our group page. Make sure that you have meaningful ideas and exchange it with your classmates.

After reading the article, I know that Police institutions under whatever form or organization or administration play an important role in the overall
criminal justice system of any country. With the moment their undergone changes and reforms, they only render was to have more efficient and effective delivery
of services to the people who look upon them to do so. I read and understand also the different forms of police systems in different countries, namely,
Centralized or National Police System (Chili, El Salvador, Indonesia, Kenya, etc.,), Semi-centralized (Dual Control) Police System (Brazil, Japan, etc.,) and
Decentralized Police System (India, Pakistan, etc.,). This forms of police system have their own process or guidelines in implementing police authorities to
every country, but even have different system of policing the only goal is to maintain the public safety.

Different police systems have also problems like budgets that affect efficiency, lack of training ( qualification, education and the training itself) of
officers, lack of cooperation between police agencies or between police departments, corruption, arbitrary external interference, lack of personnel and lack of
accountability. All these problems are until now happening and experience by many police institutions not only here in our country but throughout the country.

Even police institutions experienced it, they have conceivable measures to address the problems. The first one is budgetary constraint by providing
sufficient financial support, special attention by the government is required, in order to fairly attend the needs of police, social expectations in public safety and
the sustainment of the required level of provision of the service to the people. Second one is accountability of the police. The awesome powers given to the
police must be matched with the proper system of accountability to ensure that the powers given to the police are not misused. The way accountability is
enforced presently is very diffused and vague. The transparency of police agencies is important in order to win the confidence of the citizens they serve. Police
agencies should therefore establish an internal section or department whose function among other should be to release information on a routine basis regarding
actions taken by the police against officers engaging in acts of misconduct. Third one is arbitrary political interference. Next, the politicization of police
officers, in a way that the gravity of the involvement of politics into police forces can be more clearly understood if the perceived connection between politicians
and organized crime is taken into consideration. In this regard the existing police apparatus cannot oppose such kinds of coalition, when the police itself is
already contaminated. Then, police corruption. In order to address this, authorities put on their mind the practical measures, like maintaining the ethical
standards, proper training, involved punishments, social/economical support and other measures that will maintain the integrity of police. In terms of lack of
training, since training is at the very heart of effective and responsible policing, police behavior, image, public relations and efficiency should be impart to their
trainings. The impact of training needs to be evaluated properly. And the last one is the role of police associations. Police associations bringing together various
levels of police officers have been established, which have played a considerable role in the improvement of the conditions of service for police officers, and
raising ethical standards, which has in turn raised the officers’ morale and consequently their efficiency. There is however no practice or custom of establishing
such associations in some countries and therefore this recommendation may be of limited utility. Hence they recommend that in the countries where local custom
is, they should practice or law permits the establishment of police associations, consideration should be given to establishing them, so that they may assist in
various areas of police reform.