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Conce Te

This document discusses concrete material and its properties. It defines concrete as a composite material made of cement, aggregates, water and admixtures. Concrete mixtures are classified based on cementing material and mixing proportions. Fresh concrete properties include workability and consistency, which can be measured using slump and flow tests. Hardened concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension.

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23 views22 pages

Conce Te

This document discusses concrete material and its properties. It defines concrete as a composite material made of cement, aggregates, water and admixtures. Concrete mixtures are classified based on cementing material and mixing proportions. Fresh concrete properties include workability and consistency, which can be measured using slump and flow tests. Hardened concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension.

Uploaded by

omrana791
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Concrete Material

Dr Osama Aly Omar


PhD in strengthening of Materials
Definition of concrete
Concrete a composite man-made material, is the most widely used building
material in the construction industry.

It consists of cement, well graded fine and coarse aggregates, water and
admixtures (to produce concrete with special properties).

In a concrete mix, cement and water form a paste which in addition filling the voids
of the fine aggregate, coats the surface of fine and coarse aggregates and binds
them together. The paste is usually 22-34% of the total volume.
Green concrete is defined as freshly mixed concrete before its setting.

Hardened concrete is that setting inside timber shattering.


The concrete mass after pouring must be cured to keep its moisture content. After
sufficient curing time it becomes hard like stone due to chemical reaction between
the water and binding material (Cement).
It would be impossible to discuss all the aspects of this material in few pages. and
the discussion is confined to the general characteristics and quality tests necessary
for its use by civil engineers and architects.
Most of the ancient structures and historical buildings had been constructed with
lime concrete. With the advent of cement, the use of lime concrete has been
confined to making bases for concrete foundations and roof terracing. The major
factors responsible for wide usage of cement-concrete are:

• mouldability

• early hardening

• high early compressive strength,


• development of desired properties with admixtures to be used in
adverse situations (Aggressive environmental conditions).

• suitability for uniting.

• pumpability and durability .


Classification of concrete

• Based on cementing material


Concretes are classified into lime concrete, gypsum concrete and
cement concrete.
• Based on mixing proportion (Specification)
The cement concrete is specified by proportions of different
ingredients, e.g., 1 (cement): 1.5 (fine aggregate): 3 (coarse aggregate).
It is presumed that by adhering to such perspective specifications
satisfactory performance may be achieved.
The usual mix proportions of cement concrete are as follow
Designation Mix Compressive strength Group W/C
proportion N/square mm
Cube samples Cylinder C:F.A: C.A 7 days 28 days
samples
M5 C4 1:5:10 3.5 5 Lean concrete
M7.5 C6 1:4:8 5 7.5
M10 C8 1:3:6 7 10 Ordinary
M15 C12 1:2:4 10 15 concrete

M20 C16 1:1.5:3 13.5 20


M25 C20 1:1:2 17 25 Standard 0.45 – 0.55
M30 C24 The mixture 20 30 concrete

M40 C30 must be 28 40


designed
M50 C40 35 50
M60 C48 42 60 High strength
M70 C56 50 70 concrete

M80 C64 56 80
Advantages of concrete

• Concrete is one of the most useful of construction materials.


• It is used for economy as well as strength.
• The plastic property in fresh state enables the formation of
concrete to the required shapes.
• The facility in concrete manufactured.
• High compressive strength in hardened state.
• The ingredients of concrete are abundant and cheap.
• The use of concrete with other materials to produce composite
ones like, reinforced concrete and polymer concrete.
Dis advantages of concrete

Low tensile strength.


High permeable material that allows liquid or gases to flow through it
Causing corrosion of steel reinforcement.
Required periodical maintenance.
After hardening the concrete can not be modified.
Properties of fresh concrete
Workability
Consistency
Segregation
Bleeding
Workability
• Definition of workability:
It is desirable property that freshly mixed concrete be relatively
easy to transport, place, compact and finish without harmful
segregation. A concrete mix satisfying these conditions is said to
be workable.
Factors affecting workability
1. Method of mixing and duration time of transportation of concrete
to be placed in formworks.
2. Quantity and characteristics of cementing materials (quality).
3. Aggregate grading, shape, surface texture and mixing ratio of both
fine and coarse aggregate.
4. Quantity and characteristics of additive materials (admixtures).
5. Water-cement ratio (W/C).
6. Amount of entrained air.
7. Concrete and ambient air temperature.
• Workability is the most important Flow of concrete
property of freshly mixed concrete.
• There is no test method that can
measure simultaneously all the
properties involved in workability.
• It is determined to great extent by
meaning of consistency of concrete
mix.
Consistency of concrete
• Consistency of concrete is defined as the fluidity or degree of
wetness's of concrete.
• It is generally dependent on the shear resistance of concrete mixture.
• It is a major factor indicating the workability of freshly mixed
concrete.
• Consistency tests:
❖Slump test
❖Flow test
❖Kelly- Ball test
❖ Slump test According to ASTMc 143

Slump cone dimensions • Slump cone filled on three layer


and each layer compacter with
25 blows with steel bar 60 cm
length and 16 mm diameter
• Filling the cone • Measuring of slump
• ASTMc 143 • ASTM c 143
Slump shapes
Consistency limits
Slump in mm 0-20 10-40 30- 120 100-200 180-220
Consistency Dry Stiff Plastic Wet Very wet
(Floppy)

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