THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

What is Web (World Wide Web)?

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages
containing text and graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected
documents or content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead
to related information. A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is
called a Web site. The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized
around and link back to is called the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee , also
known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of
the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of
Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide
linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions
and align elements on page.
• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.
• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”.

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.
• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a
page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the
web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social
media, blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected
with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a
social purpose, a business purpose.
B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web
consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically
displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at
the top of the web page.
C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope
of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for
maintaining its internal knowledge base.
D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the
public at large or to invited guests.

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would
be a website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and
evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on
Internet or a data plan that charges you for the amount of band width you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies
same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than humans.

Types of websites:
• eCommerce Website is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably
used a number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones
have one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card
information to make a purchase fall into this category.
• Business Website is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should
be branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of
products and/or services the business offers.
• Entertainment Website If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably
think of a few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
• Portfolio Website are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who
want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website
to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to
build than a business website and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.
• Media Website collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in
addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.
• Brochure Website are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they
need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll
continue to get most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure site that includes
just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do and provide contact information may be
enough for you.
• Nonprofit Website- In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online
presence, nonprofits do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential
donors to make donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more about a
nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.
• Educational Website- The websites of educational institutions and those offering online
courses fall into the category of educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of
either providing educational materials to visitors or providing information on an educational
institution to them.
• Infopreneur Website- websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they
represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products.
That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.
• Personal Website -Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many
people find value in creating personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world.
This category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.
• Web Portal are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or
institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to
make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a
login and personalized views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is
most useful to their particular needs.
• Wiki or Community Forum Website Most people are familiar with wikis through the most
famous example of one out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any
subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website where various users are able to collaborate on
content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan
communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable information sources.
What is Internet?
The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that
connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected
via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware,
software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

• ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental
computer network.
Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the network.
Even if, one or two nodes destroyed that will now affect the network.
• In 1982 the word internet started.
• 1986 – First “free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991: US
government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can
connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support
various aspects in our life.
• Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of
"the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.
. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

Types of Servers:

• Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application
program.

• Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.

• Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as
computer and another server from which a user is requesting.

• Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote
senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery.

• File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that
another computer on the same network can access them.

• Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides authorization
services and facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides
identity to a network device.
3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.
4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online
through domain names.
5. Internet Service Provider (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using
or participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and
wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser .
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet.
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from
the Internet.
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a
web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on
the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a
bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.

• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of
web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly
in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web
page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords
from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on
the Internet.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users
search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.