Design of Two-Way Slab www.structsoftcentre.

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DESIGN OF TWO WAY LAB

Design a floor slab as S2, with clear dimension of 4 m x 5.5 m, for a residential building. This slab is
supported by beam of width 230 mm from all of its sides. Assume live load as 3 KN/m2 and dead load
due to finish, partition etc. as 1 KN/m2. Use M20 and Fe 415 grade of concrete and steel respectively.

Fig. (a) Floor Framing Plan

SOLUTION: (Available and Assumed Data)

Supporting beam width: Width (bw) = 230 mm
Material Properties: Concrete (Fck) = 20 MPa Steel (Fy) = 415 MPa
Loading over the slab: Live Load = 3 KN/m2, Floor Finish Load = 1 KN/m2
Assumptions: Clear Cover = 20 mm Diameter of R/F = 10 mm
Dimension of slab: Shorter Span (Lx) = 4 m Longer Span (Ly) = 5.5 m

Step 01 – Type of Slab I Trial Depth I Effective Spans

Shorter Span (Lx) 4

(𝒂) = = 1.3546 < 2 … … … … … … Hence the slab is 𝐓𝐖𝐎 − 𝐖𝐀𝐘 slab
Longer Span (Ly) 5.5

(b) Trial Depth

As per IS 456-2000, Cl.23.2.1 (c), Page. 37
Considering modification factor as Mf = 1.5

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Span (Lx) Lx 4000

= 26 ⥂ d= = = 102.564 mm
Effective depth (d) 26 x M𝑓 26 x 1.5
Assumed clear cover as 20 mm and diameter of bar as 10 mm
Therefore, overall depth of slab, D = 102.564 + 20 + (10/2) = 127.564 mm
Providing overall depth, D = 130 mm
Available Eff. depth, d = 130 – 20 – (10/2) = 105 mm
(c) Effective Span
Effective span of slab, Le = Clear span + width of supporting beam
Along shorter span, Lex = 4 + 0.23 = 4.23 m Along longer span, Ley = 5.5 + 0.23 = 5.73 m

Step 02 – Load Calculation I Maximum Moments I Depth Check for Flexure

(a) Load Calculation
Self-weight of slab, = 25 x 0.13 = 3.25 KN/m2
Floor Finish (Given) = 1.0 KN/m2 Live Load (Given) = 3 KN/m2
Total factored load, wu = 1.5 x (3.25 + 1.0 + 3) = 10.875 KN/m2

(b) Maximum Moment & Depth Check for Flexure

As per IS 456-2000, Annex D, Table. No. 26, type of panel is two adjacent ages are discontinuous.
(Ley ) 5.73
Aspect ratio, = = 1.354
(Lex ) 4.23
Negative Moment Coefficient, αx = 0.068276 αy = 0.047000
Positive Moment Coefficient, αx = 0.051200 αy = 0.035000
Now considering maximum moment coefficient for each direction,
αx = 0.068276 and αy = 0.047000
Mx = ∝x x wu L ex 2 = 0.068276 x 10.875 x 4.23 2 = 13.2855 KN − m
Fe 415…….. Mulim = 0.138 Fck bd2
My = ∝y x wu L ex 2 = 0.047000 x 10.875 x 4.23 2 = 9.1455 KN − m Fe 500……. Mulim = 0.133 Fck bd2

Mu 13.2855 x 106
Therefore, dreq = √ = √ = 69.38 mm
0.138 x fck x b 0.138 x 20 x 1000

Where , davailable = 105 mm > dreq = 69.38 mm … … … Hence provided depth is safe

Step 03 - Design for Flexure and Shear

(a) Reinforcements along shorter span (Lx)
0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu
Ast = [1 − √1 − ⁄ f x b x d2 ] x b x d
fy ck

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0.5 x 20 6
Ast−required = [1 − √1 − 4.6 x 13.2855 x 10 ⁄20 x 1000 x 1052 ] x 1000 x 105 = 379.00 mm2
415
0.12
Ast−min = x 1000 x 130 = 156 mm2
100
Now following required reinforcements as Ast-required = 379.00 mm2
Now providing T8 mm, AT = 50.26 mm2
50.26
Spacing, S𝑥 = x 1000 = 132.61 mm Hence providing, S = 100 mm c/c
379.00
Providing, T8 @ 100 mm c/c
50.26
Ast−provided = x 1000 = 502.60 mm2
100
Ast 502.60
Pt = = = 0.386 %
bD 1000 x 130

(b) Reinforcement along longer span (Ly)

0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu

Ast = [1 − √1 − ⁄ f x b x d2 ] x b x d
fy ck

0.5 x 20 6
Ast−required = [1 − √1 − 4.6 x 9.1455 x 10 ⁄20 x 1000 x 1052 ] x 1000 x 105 = 254.12 mm2
415
0.12
Ast−min = x 1000 x 130 = 156 mm2
100
Now following required reinforcements as Ast-required = 254.12 mm2
Now providing T8 mm, AT = 50.26 mm2
50.26
Spacing, S𝑥 = x 1000 = 197.78 mm Hence providing, S = 175 mm c/c
254.12
Providing, T8 @ 175 mm c/c
50.26
Ast−provided = x 1000 = 287.20 mm2
175
Ast 287.20
Pt = = = 0.2209 %
bD 1000 x 130

(c) Check OR Design for Shear

The factored maximum shear force per unit width Vu may be obtained by considering that maximum shear
will develop at a distance d from the face of support. d
𝐿𝑥 4.0
V𝑢 , = w𝑢 ( − 𝑑) = 10.875 x ( − 0.105) = 20.608 KN
2 2
Vu 20.608 x 103 4.0 M
Nominal Shear Stress (Tv ) , = = = 0.196 MPa
bd 1000 x 105
Fig (b) Section for Shear

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As per IS 456-2000, Table: 19, provided percentage of reinforcements along shorter span, Pt = 0.386%
Pt (%) Tc (MPa)
0.25 0.36
0.386 ?
0.50 0.48

Therefore, critical shear, Tc = 0.4253 MPa

Therefore, Nominal shear, (Tv) = 0.196 MPa < Critical Shear, (Tc) = 0.4253 MPa
Hence provided slab is safe in shear and hence no need to design and provide shear reinforcements.

Step 04 – Check for Deflection

As per IS 456-2000, Cl. 23.2.1 (c), Pg. No. 38
Provided percentage of reinforcements along shorter span, Pt = 0.386 %
Area of steel required (Areq )
Stress in steel (fs ) , = 0.58 x fy x
Area of steel provided(Aprov )
379.00
Stress in steel (fs ) , = 0.58 x 415 x = 181.507 MPa
502.60
1
K𝑡 , =
1
0.225 + 0.00322 𝑥 𝑓𝑠 − 0.625 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( 𝑃 )
𝑡

1
K𝑡 , = = 1.8146
1
0.225 + 0.00322 𝑥 181.507 − 0.625 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( 0.386 )

L 4230
Therefore, ( ) Actual = = 40.28
d 105
L
Now, ( ) permissible = 26 x 1.8146 = 47.18
d
L L
( ) < ( )
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 d 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑏𝑙𝑒

Hence slab satisfies the deflection criteria.

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Step-05: Design Schedule and Details

Sr. No Slab Label Thickness (D) R/F along Lx R/F along Ly Type of slab
01 S2 130 T8 @ 100mm T8 @ 175 mm Two-Way

Longer Span

T8@175 mm c/c
T8 @ 175 mm c/c

Fig.(e) Section Along Short

5.5 M

Span
S2 (130 MM)

T8@100 mm c/c
Short Span
T8 @ 100 mm
c/c

4M
MM
150
Fig.(c) In-plan detailing of R/F

T8@175 mm c/c T8@100 mm c/c

150
MM

Fig.(d) Section Along Short Span

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