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Forces and Motion

Vectors have both magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Distance is the total path traveled, while displacement is the distance between start and end points. Speed is the rate of change of distance over time and is a scalar, while velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time and is a vector. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. Graphs can show the relationships between displacement/velocity over time or distance/speed over time.

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50 views7 pages

Forces and Motion

Vectors have both magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Distance is the total path traveled, while displacement is the distance between start and end points. Speed is the rate of change of distance over time and is a scalar, while velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time and is a vector. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. Graphs can show the relationships between displacement/velocity over time or distance/speed over time.

Uploaded by

jaiisha1209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

KEYFACTS - FORCES AND MOTION


. (Units 2.01, 2.02 and 2.05)
Vector: A physical quantity which possesses both magnitude and direction is
called a vector quantity.

e.g.: displacement, velocity, force, weight, acceleration etc.

Scalar: A physical quantity which possesses only magnitude is called a scalar


quantity.

e.g.: density, mass, volume, time, speed etc.

Differences between:

VECTORS SCALARS
1) It possesses both magnitude and 1) It possesses only magnitude
direction
2) It can be represented geometrically 2) It cannot be represented
by a directed line segment. geometrically.
3) Vectors cannot be added or 3) Scalars can be added or multiplied
multiplied according to the rules of according to the rules of ordinary
ordinary algebra. algebra.

When a body does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with
time it is said to be at rest.

When a body changes its position with respect to its surroundings with time it is
said to be in motion.

Distance

It is the actual length of the path travelled by a body, irrespective of the direction
in which it travels.

SI unit: metre (m)

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Displacement
It is the distance between the initial and final position of a moving body.

SI unit: metre (m)

Difference between:

DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
1) It is the actual path travelled by a 1) It is the distance covered in a given
body. direction.
2) It is a scalar quantity 2) It is a vector quantity
3) Distance covered is always positive 3) Displacement may be positive, zero
or negative
4) Distance covered is equal to or 4) Displacement may be equal to or less
greater than the displacement than the distance

Speed: It is the distance covered by a body in unit time.


𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
i.e. speed =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑑
[𝑠 = ]
𝑡

SI unit: metre per second (m/s)

Velocity: It is the rate of change of displacement.


𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Velocity =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑠
[𝑉 = ]
𝑡

SI unit: metre per second (m/s)

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Difference between:

SPEED VELOCITY
1) It is defined as the rate of change of 1) It is defined as the rate of change of
distance displacement
2) It is a scalar quantity 2) It is a vector quantity
3) Speed of a body is always positive 3) Velocity of a may be positive, zero or
negative.

Acceleration: It is the rate of change of velocity.


𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
i.e. acceleration =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦−𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦


=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑣−𝑢
[𝑎 = ]
𝑡

SI unit: metre per second squared (m/s2)

NOTE:

1. If the velocity increases with time, the acceleration is said to be positive.


2. If the velocity decreases with time, the acceleration is said to be negative.
3. Negative acceleration is called retardation or deceleration.

In general,
1. If a body moves with uniform velocity, its acceleration is zero.
2. If a body starts from rest, its initial velocity is zero.
3. If a body comes to rest, its final velocity is zero.

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
In a graph, the independent quantity is taken on the X-axis and the dependent
quantity is taken on the Y-axis.

In a velocity – time graph:


1. The displacement is given by the area under the graph.
2. The acceleration is given by the slope of the of the V-t graph.

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
In a displacement – time graph:
1. The distance covered can be read directly from the graph.
2. The velocity is given by the slope of the d-t graph.

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HILL SPRING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Summary of motions

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