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Motion Notes 1

1) Rest is defined as when an object's position does not change with respect to a reference point, while motion is when its position changes continuously with respect to a reference point. 2) Distance is the total length traveled by an object and is a scalar quantity, while displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions and is a vector quantity. 3) Velocity is the displacement of an object over a period of time and is a vector quantity that can be positive, negative, or zero, while speed is the distance traveled over time and is always positive.

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74 views3 pages

Motion Notes 1

1) Rest is defined as when an object's position does not change with respect to a reference point, while motion is when its position changes continuously with respect to a reference point. 2) Distance is the total length traveled by an object and is a scalar quantity, while displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions and is a vector quantity. 3) Velocity is the displacement of an object over a period of time and is a vector quantity that can be positive, negative, or zero, while speed is the distance traveled over time and is always positive.

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vaniak01028
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Grade: 9 Motion-Notes Sub: Physics

Position of an object:
Location of an object with respect to a reference point(origin).
Rest:
A body is said to be in a state of rest when its position does not change with respect to a
reference point.

Motion:
A body is said to be in a state of motion when its position changes continuously with
respect to a reference point.
Rest and motion are relative terms.

Vectors and Scalar Quantities:


Vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. For examples: force, displacement,
velocity etc.

Scalar quantity has only magnitude (direction is not associated with it). For examples:
mass, temperature, time etc.

Distance:
The total length of the actual path covered by a moving object (irrespective of the
direction) is called distance.
It is a scalar quantity.
Its SI unit is metre(m).

Displacement:
The shortest distance between the initial position and the final position of an object is
known as the displacement.
Displacement is the change in position of a moving body in a particular direction.
It is a vector quantity.
Its SI unit is metre(m).
Distance Displacement
The total length of the actual path The shortest distance between the initial
covered by a moving object is called position and the final position of an
distance. object is known as the displacement.

Distance is a scalar quantity. Displacement is a vector quantity.


Distance measured is always positive. Displacement can be positive or negative
depending on the reference point.
Distance can never be zero for a moving Displacement is zero when a moving
object. object comes back to its initial position.

Uniform Motion:
When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in
uniform motion.

Non-Uniform Motion:
When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in
non-uniform motion.

Speed:
The distance travelled by an object in unit time is known as its speed.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
Speed=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒
Its SI unit is
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

It is a scalar quantity.

Average speed:
For non-uniform motion, the average speed of an object is obtained by dividing the total
distance travelled by an object by the total time taken.
𝑡otal distance travelled
average speed=
𝑡otal time taken

𝑚etre
Its SI unit is
𝑠econd

Velocity (v):
The displacement of an object in unit time is known as its velocity.
displacement
Velocity=
time taken

It is a vector quantity.

Average velocity:
displacement
Average velocity=
total time taken

𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦+𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦


Average velocity=
2

Speed Velocity
The distance travelled by an object in The displacement of an object in unit time
unit time is known as its speed. is known as its velocity.

Speed is a scalar quantity. Velocity is a vector quantity.


Speed can never be negative or zero. Velocity can be negative or zero.

Acceleration (a):
The rate of change of velocity is termed as acceleration.
It is represented as:
final velocity−initial velocity
Acceleration=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

𝑣−𝑢
a=
𝑡

𝑚
Its SI unit is
𝑠2
It is a vector quantity.

• Negative acceleration is also named as retardation or deceleration.


Uniform circular motion
When an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its motion is called
uniform circular motion.

Uniform acceleration: When velocity of body changes by equal amounts in equal time
intervals, acceleration is said to be uniform. For example: Motion of a freely falling ball.

Non - uniform acceleration: When velocity of body changes by unequal amounts in


equal intervals if time, acceleration is said to be non - uniform. For example: Motion of
car.

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