0% found this document useful (0 votes)

49 views789 pages

Trnsys 16: Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This document provides a reference for the input-output parameters of components in the Standard Component Library of TRNSYS 16, the TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program. It describes revisions made between versions 15 and 16 and lists contributors to TRNSYS and additional components. The remainder of the document consists of detailed reference descriptions for each component in the library, organized by subsystem.

Uploaded by

Aarón Chávez

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

49 views789 pages

Trnsys 16: Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Uploaded by

Aarón Chávez

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 789

TRNSYS 16

a TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program

Volume 4

Input - Output - Parameter

Reference

Solar Energy Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison

http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys

TRANSSOLAR Energietechnik GmbH

http://www.transsolar.com

CSTB – Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment

http://software.cstb.fr

TESS – Thermal Energy Systems Specialists

http://www.tess-inc.com
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

About This Manual

The information presented in this manual is intended to provide a detailed input – output – parameter
reference for the Standard Component Library in TRNSYS 16. This manual is not intended to provide
detailed reference information about the TRNSYS simulation software and its utility programs. More details
can be found in other parts of the TRNSYS documentation set. The latest version of this manual is always
available for registered users on the TRNSYS website (see here below).

Revision history
• 2004-09 For TRNSYS 16.00.0000
• 2005-02 For TRNSYS 16.00.0037
• 2006-01 For TRNSYS 16.01.0000

Where to find more information

Further information about the program and its availability can be obtained from the TRNSYS website
or from the TRNSYS coordinator at the Solar Energy Lab:
TRNSYS Coordinator Email: trnsys@engr.wisc.edu
Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison Phone: +1 (608) 263 1586
1500 Engineering Drive, 1303 Engineering Research Building Fax: +1 (608) 262 8464
Madison, WI 53706 – U.S.A.

TRNSYS website: http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys

Notice
This report was prepared as an account of work partially sponsored by the United States Government.
Neither the United States or the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of
their contractors, subcontractors, or employees, including but not limited to the University of Wisconsin Solar
Energy Laboratory, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for
the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
© 2006 by the Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. This manual and the
software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. Except as permitted by any
such license, no part of this manual may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior
written consent from the Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

4–2
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

TRNSYS Contributors

S.A. Klein W.A. Beckman J.W. Mitchell

J.A. Duffie N.A. Duffie T.L. Freeman

J.C. Mitchell J.E. Braun B.L. Evans

J.P. Kummer R.E. Urban A. Fiksel

J.W. Thornton N.J. Blair P.M. Williams

D.E. Bradley T.P. McDowell M. Kummert

D.A. Arias

Additional contributors who developed components that have been included in the Standard Library are
listed in Volume 5.

Contributors to the building model (Type 56) and its interface (TRNBuild) are listed in Volume 6.

Contributors to the TRNSYS Simulation Studio are listed in Volume 2.

4–3
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–4
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4. INPUT - OUTPUT - PARAMETER REFERENCE 4–9
Introduction 4–9
Changes between TRNSYS 15 and 16 4–9
Type9: Standard Data Reader 4–9
Type24: Integrator 4–10
Type25: Printer 4–10
Type28: Simulation Summary 4–11
Type33: Psychrometrics 4–11
Type34: Overhang and Wing Wall Shading 4–11
Type65: Online Plotter 4–12
Type66: Calling EES 4–13
Type69: Sky temperature 4–13
Type90: Wind turbine 4–13
4.1. Controllers 4–15
4.1.1. 3-Stage Room Thermostat 4–15
4.1.2. 5-Stage Room Thermostat 4–21
4.1.3. Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis 4–23
4.1.4. Iterative Feedback Controller 4–29
4.1.5. Microprocessor Controller 4–31
4.1.6. PID Controller 4–32
4.2. Electrical 4–34
4.2.1. Batteries 4–34
4.2.2. Busbar 4–45
4.2.3. Diesel Engine (DEGS) 4–46
4.2.4. Photovoltaic Panels 4–50
4.2.5. Power Conditioning 4–83
4.2.6. Regulators and Inverters 4–87
4.2.7. Wind Turbines 4–94
4.3. Heat Exchangers 4–96
4.3.1. Constant Effectiveness 4–96
4.3.2. Counter Flow 4–98
4.3.3. Cross Flow 4–100
4.3.4. Parallel Flow 4–105
4.3.5. Shell and Tube 4–107
4.3.6. Waste Heat Recovery 4–109
4.4. HVAC 4–111
4.4.1. Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single Effect) 4–111
4.4.2. Auxiliary Cooling Unit 4–114
4.4.3. Auxiliary Heaters 4–115
4.4.4. Conditioning Equipment 4–117
4.4.5. Cooling Coils 4–121
4.4.6. Cooling Towers 4–127
4.4.7. Dual Source Heat Pumps 4–131

4–5
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.8. Furnace 4–134

4.4.9. Parallel Chillers 4–138
4.4.10. Part Load Performance 4–140
4.5. Hydrogen Systems 4–142
4.5.1. Compressed Gas Storage 4–142
4.5.2. Compressor 4–144
4.5.3. Controllers 4–145
4.5.4. Electrolyzer 4–149
4.5.5. Fuel Cells 4–158
4.6. Hydronics 4–202
4.6.1. Fans 4–202
4.6.2. Flow Diverter 4–214
4.6.3. Flow Mixer 4–217
4.6.4. Pipe_Duct 4–220
4.6.5. Pressure Relief Valve 4–222
4.6.6. Pumps 4–223
4.6.7. Tee-Piece 4–231
4.6.8. Tempering Valve 4–233
4.7. Loads and Structures 4–237
4.7.1. Attached Sunspace 4–237
4.7.2. Multi-Zone Building 4–246
4.7.3. Overhang and Wingwall Shading 4–248
4.7.4. Pitched Roof and Attic 4–251
4.7.5. Single Zone Models 4–253
4.7.6. Thermal Storage Wall 4–293
4.7.7. Window 4–305
4.8. Obsolete 4–308
4.8.1. Absorption Air Conditioners (Type7) 4–308
4.8.2. Calling External DLLs (Type61) 4–313
4.8.3. Convergence Promoter (Type44) 4–314
4.8.4. CSTB Weather Data - TRNSYS 15 (Type9) 4–315
4.8.5. Plotter (Type26) 4–321
4.8.6. Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16) 4–322
4.9. Output 4–342
4.9.1. Economics 4–342
4.9.2. Histogram Plotter 4–346
4.9.3. Online Plotter 4–352
4.9.4. Printer 4–360
4.9.5. Simulation Summary 4–366
4.10. Physical Phenomena 4–372
4.10.1. Collector Array Shading 4–372
4.10.2. Convection Coefficient Calculation 4–376
4.10.3. Radiation Processors 4–380
4.10.4. Shading Masks 4–400
4.10.5. Simple Ground Temperature Model 4–406
4.10.6. Sky Temperature 4–407
4.10.7. Thermodynamic Properties 4–409

4–6
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.8. Weather Generators 4–423

4.11. Solar Thermal Collectors 4–448
4.11.1. CPC Collector 4–448
4.11.2. Evacuated Tube Collector 4–451
4.11.3. Performance Map Collector 4–454
4.11.4. Quadratic Efficiency Collector 4–467
4.11.5. Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector 4–481
4.11.6. Thermosyphon Collector with Integral Storage 4–483
4.12. Thermal Storage 4–492
4.12.1. Detailed Fluid Storage Tank 4–492
4.12.2. Plug-Flow Tank 4–665
4.12.3. Rock Bed Storage 4–668
4.12.4. Stratified Storage Tank 4–670
4.12.5. Variable Volume Tank 4–694
4.13. Utility 4–696
4.13.1. Calling External Programs 4–696
4.13.2. Data Readers 4–709
4.13.3. Forcing Function Sequencers 4–749
4.13.4. Forcing Functions 4–754
4.13.5. Holiday Calculator 4–762
4.13.6. Input Value Recall 4–765
4.13.7. Integrators 4–766
4.13.8. Parameter replacement 4–770
4.13.9. Unit Conversion Routine 4–771
4.13.10.Utility Rate Schedule Processors 4–773
4.14. Weather Data Reading and Processing 4–775
4.14.1. Standard Format 4–775
4.14.2. User Format 4–787

4–7
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–8
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4. INPUT - OUTPUT - PARAMETER

REFERENCE
Introduction
This will be the file generated by exporting proformas to HTML

Changes between TRNSYS 15 and 16

Type9: Standard Data Reader

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16

PAR Nb DESCRIPTION PAR Nb DESCRIPTION

1 1: read a user supplied 1 1: The first line in the data file is the simulation start
data file where the first time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous
line of data corresponds values for ALL variables (including the ones that are
to the simulation start given as average values over the time step in the rest
time. of the data file)
-1: read a user supplied
data file with 2: The first line in the data file is the simulation start
(START/DELT-1) data time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or
lines are skipped before averaged values over one timestep according to the
the simulation begins. options set for each variables

3. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first

time step of the simulation. No initial values are
provided in the file.

4: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0.

If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are
provided as instantaneous values for ALL variables
(including the ones that are given as average values
over the time step in the rest of the data file)

5: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0.

If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are
provided as instantaneous or averaged values over one
timestep according to the options set for each variables

6. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first

timestep in a year. If the simulation does not start at the
beginning of the year, lines are skipped in the data file.
No initial values are provided in the file
2 Number of header lines 2 Number of header lines to skip before data begins
to skip before data
begins
3 Total number of 3 Total number of columns that must be read from the

4–9
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

columns that must be data file

read from the data file
4 The time interval at 4 The time interval at which data is provided.
which data is provided.
5, 8, 11 Column number to read 5, 9, 13 Column number to read in data file…
in data file…
6, 9, 12 Multiplication factor for 6, 10, 14 Multiplication factor for the ith value
th
the i value
7, 10, 13, Addition factor for the ith 7, 11, 15 Addition factor for the ith value
etc. value
8, 12, 16, 0: value is an average reported at the end of the time
etc. step.
1: value is instantaneous.
last -1 Logical unit number of last -1 Logical unit number of the data file …
the data file …
last Formatted reading… last Formatted reading…

Type24: Integrator
TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR NB DESCRIPTION PAR NB DESCRIPTION

1 Time interval over 1 Time interval over which the values will be
which the values will integrated…(optional, default is ∞)
be
integrated…(optional
, default is ∞)
2 0: the integration is reset at time intervals
relative to the start time
1: the integration is reset at absolute time
intervals.

Type25: Printer
TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR DESCRIPTION PAR DESCRIPTION
NB NB
1 Time interval at which printing is 1 Time interval at which printing is to occur
to occur
2 Time at which printing is to start 2 Time at which printing is to start
3 Time at which printing is to stop 3 Time at which printing is to stop
4 < 0, print to the list file 4 < 0, print to the list file
> 0, logical unit number for > 0, logical unit number for output file
output file
5 1: print user supplied units 5 1: print user supplied units
2: print TRNSYS supplied units 2: print TRNSYS supplied units
6 1: use spaces to delimit columns 6 0: print at time intervals relative to the start time
2: use tabs to delimit columns 1: print at absolute time intervals.
7 < 0: overwrite the data file
> 0: append to the data file
8 < 0: do not print header (input file information)
> 0: print header (input file information)
9 0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns
10 < 0: do not print labels as column headers
> 0: print labels as column headers

4–10
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Type28: Simulation Summary

The change is that Type 28 now has initial values. The proforma already had initial values but they were not
written to the deck file. They should be written to the deck file in TRNSYS 16.
The code is backwards compatible (if there is a VERSION 15 statement it won't expect initial values).
Note that those initial values were added to simplify the TRNSYS syntax. Those values are actually ignored
because they would prevent Type 28 from performing correct energy balances when some inputs are not
integrated.

Type33: Psychrometrics
TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR DESCRIPTION PAR DESCRIPTION
NB NB
1 Mode… 1 Mode…
2 Atmospheric pressure
3 0: do not calculate wet bulb 2 0: do not calculate wet bulb temperature
temperature 1: calculate wet bulb temperature
1: calculate wet bulb temperature
4 1: print only one warning per condition 3 1: print only one warning per condition
2: print warnings at each time step 2: print warnings at each time step

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x

INP. DESCRIPTION INP. DESCRIPTION
NB NB
1 Dry bulb temperature or humidity ratio 1 Dry bulb temperature or humidity ratio
2 Wet bulb temperature, RH, dew point 2 Wet bulb temperature, RH, dew point
temperature, humidity ratio, or enthalpy temperature, humidity ratio, or enthalpy
3 Atmospheric pressure

Type34: Overhang and Wing Wall Shading

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR DESCRIPTION PAR DESCRIPTION
NB NB
1 0: Type34 radiation passed from Type16
1: Type34 radiation passed from Type68
1 Receiver height 2 Receiver height
2 Receiver width 3 Receiver width
3 Overhang projection 4 Overhang projection
4 Overhang gap 5 Overhang gap
5 Overhang left extension 6 Overhang left extension
6 Overhang right extension 7 Overhang right extension
7 Left wing wall projection 8 Left wing wall projection
8 Left wing wall gap 9 Left wing wall gap
9 Left wing wall top extension 10 Left wing wall top extension
10 Left wing wall bottom extension 11 Left wing wall bottom extension
11 Right wing wall projection 12 Right wing wall projection
12 Right wing wall gap 13 Right wing wall gap
13 Right wing wall top extension 14 Right wing wall top extension
14 Right wing wall bottom extension 15 Right wing wall bottom extension
15 Receiver azimuth 16 Receiver azimuth

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x

4–11
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

INPUT DESCRIPTION INPUT DESCRIPTION

NB NB
1 Solar zenith angle 1 Solar zenith angle
2 Solar azimuth angle 2 Solar azimuth angle
3 Solar radiation incident on the 3 Solar radiation incident on the
horizontal horizontal
4 Diffuse solar radiation on the 4 Diffuse solar radiation on the horizontal
horizontal
5 Beam radiation on the receiver 5 Beam radiation on the receiver
6 Ground reflectivity 6 Ground reflectivity
7 Incidence angle of solar radiation.

Type65: Online Plotter

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR DESCRIPTION PAR DESCRIPTION
NB NB
1 Nb of left axis variables 1 Number of left axis variables
2 Number of right axis variables 2 Number of right axis variables
3 Minimum value for left axis 3 Minimum value for left axis
4 Maximum value for left axis 4 Maximum value for left axis
5 Minimum value for right axis 5 Minimum value for right axis
6 Maximum value for right axis 6 Maximum value for right axis
7 Number of plots per simulation 7 Number of plots per simulation
8 Number of x-axis grid points per plot 8 Number of x-axis grid points per plot
9 < 0: do not display online 9 < 0: do not display online
> 0: display online > 0: display online
10 < 0: no automatic output file 10 < 0: no automatic output file
> 10: logical unit for automatic output > 10: logical unit for automatic output file
file
11 0: do not display units
1: display user supplied units
2: display TRNSYS supplied units
12 0: tab delimit the output file
1: space delimit the output file
2: comma delimit the output file

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x

LABELS 5 DESCRIPTION LABELS 3 DESCRIPTION

1 2 Units for left axis and units for

right axis
3 Left axis title 1 “text to appear along left axis”
4 Right axis title 2 “text to appear along right axis”
5 Online title 3 “test to appear as online title”

4–12
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Type66: Calling EES

There were no parameters in Version 15. In TRNSYS 16, there are 4 parameters:
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter specifies how the EES model will be called. If set to 1, the EES model will be called at every
time step and at every iteration. If set to 2, the first input is a control signal. The first input will not be sent to
EES. Please refer to parameter 2 for information on the various ways that outputs can be treated in Input
mode 2.
2 Output mode Dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
This parameter is only used in Input mode 2 (parameter 1 set to 2). In Input mode 2, the first input is not
sent to EES but is a control signal. When that control signal is set to 0, the EES model will not be called.
This parameter determines how outputs will be treated when the EES model is not called.
1: outputs are set to 0 if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
2: outputs are set to predefined (parameter) values if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3: output values are held from the previous time step if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3 Allowable wait Time s real [0;+Inf] 0
The allowable amount of time that TRNSYS will allow EES before deciding that EES is non responsive. (Not
implemented yet)
4 Number of ouputs Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of outputs that EES will be returning

Type69: Sky temperature

There is no real change except that the code is stricter than in TRNSYS 15: In Mode 0 (calculate
cloudiness), you MUST have 4 inputs. In mode 1 (read in cloudiness factor) you must have 5 inputs. Before
th
the code used to accept 5 inputs in all cases and was just ignoring the 5 input in mode 0

Type90: Wind turbine

PAR(1) has become INPUT(1). This means the list of parameters and the list of inputs have changed
(shifted by one).
TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x
PAR DESCRIPTION PAR NB DESCRIPTION
NB
1 Mode 1 Site elevation
2 Site elevation 2 Data collection height
3 Data collection height 3 Hub height
4 Hub height 4 Turbine Power loss
5 Turbine Power loss 5 Number of turbines
6 Number of turbines 6 Logical unit for data file
7 Logical unit for data file

TRNSYS 15.x TRNSYS 16.x

INPUT DESCRIPTION INPUT DESCRIPTION
Nb Nb
1 Wind velocity 1 Control signal
2 Ambient temperature 2 Wind velocity
3 Site shear exponent 3 Ambient temperature
4 Barometric pressure 4 Site shear exponent
5 Barometric pressure

4–13
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–14
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1. Controllers

4.1.1. 3-Stage Room Thermostat

4.1.1.1. 3-Stage Room Thermostat

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 8

Proforma Controllers\3-Stage Room Thermostat\Type8.tmf

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal for 1st stage heating Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–15
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The control signal for first stage heating:

1 = 1st stage heating is required ; 0 = 1st stage heating is not required
2 Control signal for 2nd stage heating Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The control signal for the second stage heating equipment.
1 = 2nd stage heating is required ; 0 = 2nd stage heating is not required
3 Control signal for cooling Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The control signal for cooling systems.
1 = Cooling is required by the space ; 0 = Cooling is not required by the space

4–16
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.1.2. w_ heating set back

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 8

Proforma Controllers\3-Stage Room Thermostat\w_ heating set back\Type8a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Nb. of oscillations permitted Dimensionless - integer [1;99] 5
The number of oscillations of the controller state allowed in one timestep before the output will be fixed and the
solution found.
-If the number of oscillations is set to an odd number, the control may bounce between two control states for
successive timesteps.
-If the number of oscillations is set to an even number, the control system may stay longer in one regime than
actually intended.
Refer to Section 4.4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details on controller sticking.
2 1st stage heating in 2nd stage? Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
This controller will disable the first-stage heating system when the 2nd stage heating system comes on (0), or
continue to operate the 1st stage heating system while the 2nd stage heating system is operating(1).
3 Minimum primary source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The minimum primary source temperature for source utilization. If the primary source temperature falls below
this minimum temperature, the primary source will not be used, regardless of room temperature.
4 Temperature for cooling Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The room temperature above which the cooling system becomes active.
5 1st stage heating temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The room temperature below which first stage heating is commanded.
6 2nd stage heating temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 18.0
The room temperature below which second stage heating is commanded.
7 Heating set back temperature difference Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 2.0
The set back temperature difference for heating. The first stage heating temperature is modified by the following
relation:
Th1,new = Th1 - Yset * DTset
(See manual for further information on equation)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the room being monitored by the controller.
2 1st stage source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 30.0
The temperature of the primary (1st stage) heating system. This heating system will be used when 1st stage
heating is required and this temperature is above the specified minimum temperature (Par. 3).
3 Set back control function Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+inf] 1.0
The set back control function. This input is usually connected to a forcing function output or an equation. This
input is multiplied by the set back temperature (Par. 7) and used to modify the set point temperatures for
heating.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal for 1st stage heating Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–17
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The control signal for first stage heating:

4–18
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.1.3. w_ heating set back and temp deadband

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 8

Proforma Controllers\3-Stage Room Thermostat\w_ heating set back and temp deadband\Type8b.tmf

4–19
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

input is multiplied by the set back temperature (Par. 7) and used to modify the set point temperatures for
heating.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal for 1st stage heating Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The control signal for first stage heating:
1 = 1st stage heating is required ; 0 = 1st stage heating is not required
2 Control signal for 2nd stage heating Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The control signal for the second stage heating equipment.
1 = 2nd stage heating is required ; 0 = 2nd stage heating is not required
3 Control signal for cooling Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The control signal for cooling systems.
1 = Cooling is required by the space ; 0 = Cooling is not required by the space

4–20
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.2. 5-Stage Room Thermostat

4.1.2.1. 5-Stage Room Thermostat

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 108

Proforma Controllers\5-Stage Room Thermostat\Type108.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 No of oscillations permitted Dimensionless - integer [1;99] 5
The number of oscillations of the controller state allowed in one timestep before the output will be fixed and the
solution found. Set to an odd number to allow the controller to
bounce between two control states for successive timesteps.
2 1st stage heating in 2nd stage? Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
This controller will disable the first-stage heating system when the 2nd stage heating system comes on (set this
parameter to 0), or continue to operate the 1st stage heating system while the 2nd stage heating system is
operating (set this parameter to 1).
3 2nd stage heating in 3rd stage? Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
This controller will disable the 2nd stage heating system when the third stage heating system comes on (set this
parameter to 0) or continue to operate the 2nd stage heating system while the third stage heating system is
operating (set this parameter to 1).
4 1st stage heating in 3rd stage? Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
This controller will disable the first stage heating system when in third stage heating system comes on (set this
parameter to 0), or continue to operate the 1st stage heating system when the third stage heating system
comes on (set this parameter to 1).
5 1st stage cooling in 2nd stage? Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
This controller will turn off the first stage cooling system when the second stage cooling system comes on (set
this parameter to 0) or will continue to operate the first stage cooling system when the second stage cooling
system comes on (set this parameter to 1).
6 Temperature dead band Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 2.0
The dead band temperature difference of the controller. In this model, hysteresis effects can be modeled by use
of this parameter. This parameter is used to modify the heating and cooling set temperatures based on the
state of this controller at the previous timestep. If hysteresis is not desired for this controller, simply set this
parameter to 0.0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Monitoring temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the room being monitored by the controller.
2 1st stage heating setpoint Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The room temperature below which first stage heating is commanded.
3 2nd stage heating setpoint Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 18.0
The room temperature below which second stage heating is commanded.
4 3rd stage heating setpoint Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 16.0
The room temperature below which third stage heating is commanded.
5 1st stage cooling setpoint Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 24.0

4–21
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The room temperature above which 1st stage cooling is commanded.

6 2nd stage cooling setpoint Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 26.0
The room temperature above which 2nd stage cooling is commanded.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal for 1st stage heating Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
The control signal for first stage heating:
1: 1st stage heating is required
0: 1st stage heating is not required
2 Control signal for 2nd stage heating Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
The control signal for the second stage heating equipment.
1: 2nd stage heating is required
0: 2nd stage heating is not required
3 Control signal for 3rd stage heating Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
The control signal for third stage heating:
0: 3rd stage heating is not required
1: 3rd stage heating is required
4 Control signal for 1st stage cooling Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
The control signal for 1st stage cooling:
1: 1st stage cooling is required
0: 1st stage cooling is not required
5 Control signal for 2nd stage cooling Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
The control signal for 2nd stage cooling:
1: 2nd stage cooling is required
0: 2nd stage cooling is not required
6 Conditioning Signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
If any of the heating or cooling signals is non-zero, this output will be set to 1. This output can be used to control
a pump or fan.
7 1st Stage Conditioning Signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
If either the first stage heating or first stage cooling control signal is non-zero, this output will be set to 1. This
output can be used as the input control signal for the first stage of a two-speeed pump or fan.
8 2nd Stage Conditioning Signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
If either the second stage heating or the second stage cooling control signal is non-zero, this output will be set
to 1. This output can be used to control the second stage of a two-speed fan or pump.

4–22
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.3. Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis

4.1.3.1. for Temperatures - Solver 0 (Successive Substitution)

Control Strategy

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 2

Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\for Temperatures\Solver 0 (Successive Substitution)

Proforma
Control Strategy\Type2b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 No. of oscillations Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of control oscillations allowed in one timestep before the controller is "Stuck" so that the
calculations can be solved. This parameter should be set to an odd number so that short-term results are not
biased. Refer to section 4.4 for more details on control theory in simulations.
NOTE: Setting the number of oscillations to a positive number REQUIRES the use of solver 0 (Successive
substitution) Use the "new control strategy" (NSTCK=0) with solver 1 (Powell's method)
2 High limit cut-out Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
High limit cut-out: The controller will set the controller to the OFF position, regardless of the dead bands, if the
temperature being monitored (Input 3) exceeds the high limit cut-out. The controller will remain OFF until the
monitored temperature falls below the high limit cut-out temperature.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Upper input temperature Th Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Upper input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (this input)
minus Tl (Input 2). Refer to the abstract for more details.
2 Lower input temperature Tl Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
Lower input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (Input 1)
minus Tl (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Monitoring temperature Tin Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Temperature to monitor for high-limit cut-out checking. The controller signal will be set to OFF if this Input
exceeds the high limit cut-out temperature (Parameter 4) The controller will remain OFF until this input falls
below the high limit cut-out.
4 Input control function Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Input control function: The input control function is used to promote controller stability
by the use of hysteresis. The control decision will be based on the dead band conditions and controller state at
the previous timestep (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details on control theory.
In most applications, the output control signal from this component is hooked up to this input.
5 Upper dead band dT Temp. Difference Temp. Difference real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Lower dead band dT Temp. Difference Temp. Difference real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
Output control function: The output control function may be ON (=1) or OFF (=0).

4–23
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.3.2. for Temperatures - Solver 1 (Powell) Control Strategy

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 2

Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\for Temperatures\Solver 1 (Powell) Control

Proforma
Strategy\Type2a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 New control mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
Control mode: To use the new control strategy, the first parameter must be set to 0.
Do not change this parameter.
Note that the new control strategy REQUIRES the use of solver 1 (Powell's method)
2 High limit cut-out Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
High limit cut-out: The controller will set the controller to the OFF position, regardless
of the dead bands, if the temperature being monitored (Input 3) exceeds the high limit cut-out. The controller will
remain OFF until the monitored temperature falls below the high limit reset temperature (Parameter 5).
3 High limit reset Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 95.0
The controller is equipped with a high limit cut-out which will turn the control signal OFF, regardless of
temperature, if the monitored temperature (Input 3) is higher than the high limit cut-out (Parameter 4). The
controller will remain off until the monitored temperature falls below the high limit reset.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Upper input temperature Th Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Upper input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (this input)
minus Tl (Input 2). Refer to the abstract for more details.
2 Lower input temperature Tl Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
Lower input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (Input 1)
minus Tl (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Monitoring temperature Tin Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Temperature to monitor for high-limit cut-out checking. The controller signal will be set to OFF if this Input
exceeds the high limit cut-out temperature (Parameter 4) The controller will remain OFF until this input falls
below the high limit cut-out.
4 Input control function Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Input control function: The input control function is used to promote controller stability
by the use of hysteresis. The control decision will be based on the dead band conditions and controller state at
the previous timestep (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details on control theory.
In most applications, the output control signal of this component is hooked up to this input.
5 Upper dead band dT Dimensionless Dimensionless real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Lower dead band dT Dimensionless Dimensionless real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
Output control function: The output control function may be ON (=1) or OFF (=0).

4–24
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.3.3. generic - Solver 0 (Successive Substitution) Control

Strategy

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 2

Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\generic\Solver 0 (Successive Substitution) Control

Proforma
Strategy\Type2d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 No. of oscillations Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of control oscillations allowed in one timestep before the controller is ""Stuck"" so that the
calculations can be solved. This parameter should be set to an odd number so that short-term results are not
biased. Refer to section 4.4 for more details on control theory in simulations.
Note: This controller momde REQUIRES the use of SOLVER 0 (Successive substitution)
2 High limit cut-out any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
High limit cut-out: The controller will set the controller to the OFF position, regardless of the dead bands, if the
temperature being monitored (Input 3) exceeds the high limit cut-out. The controller will remain OFF until the
monitored temperature falls below the high limit cut-out temperature.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Upper input value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Upper input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (this input)
minus Tl (Input 2). Refer to the abstract for more details.
2 Lower input value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
Lower input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (Input 1)
minus Tl (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Monitoring value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Temperature to monitor for high-limit cut-out checking. The controller signal will be set to OFF if this Input
exceeds the high limit cut-out temperature (Parameter 4) The controller will remain OFF until this input falls
below the high limit cut-out.
4 Input control function Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Input control function: The input control function is used to promote controller stability
by the use of hysteresis. The control decision will be based on the dead band conditions and controller state at
the previous timestep (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details on control theory.
In most applications, the output control signal from this component is hooked up to this input.
5 Upper dead band any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The upper dead band temperature difference is used in the following way in the controller:
The controller is ON if it was previously OFF and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the upper dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
The controller is ON if it was previously ON and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the lower dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
Upper dead band should be greater than the lower dead band in most applications.
Refer to section 4.4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for help in choosing optimal and stable
values of the controller dead bands.
6 Lower dead band any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 2.0
The lower dead band temperature difference is used in the folllowing way in the controller:
The controller is ON if it was previously ON and Th (Input 1) minus T (Input 2) is greater than the lower dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
The controller is ON if it was previously OFF and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the upper dead

4–25
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.

Refer to section 4.4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for help in determining optimum and stable
values of the controller dead bands.
In most applications, the upper dead band should be greater than the lower dead band.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
Output control function: The output control function may be ON (=1) or OFF (=0).

4–26
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.3.4. generic - Solver 1 (Powell) Control Strategy

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 2

Proforma Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\generic\Solver 1 (Powell) Control Strategy\Type2c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 New control mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
Control mode: To use the new control strategy, the first parameter must be set to 0.
Do not change this parameter.
Note: This controller mode REQUIRES the use of SOLVER 1 (Powell's method)
2 High limit cut-out any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
High limit cut-out: The controller will set the controller to the OFF position, regardless of the dead bands, if the
temperature being monitored (Input 3) exceeds the high limit cut-out. The controller will remain OFF until the
monitored temperature falls below the high limit reset temperature (Parameter 5).
3 High limit reset any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 95.0
The controller is equipped with a high limit cut-out which will turn the control signal OFF, regardless of
temperature, if the monitored temperature (Input 3) is higher than the high limit cut-out (Parameter 4). The
controller will remain off until the monitored temperature falls below the high limit reset.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Upper input value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Upper input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (this input)
minus Tl (Input 2). Refer to the abstract for more details.
2 Lower input value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
Lower input temperature: The temperature difference that will be compared to the dead bands is Th (Input 1)
minus Tl (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Monitoring value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Temperature to monitor for high-limit cut-out checking. The controller signal will be set to OFF if this Input
exceeds the high limit cut-out temperature (Parameter 4) The controller will remain OFF until this input falls
below the high limit cut-out.
4 Input control function Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Input control function: The input control function is used to promote controller stability
by the use of hysteresis. The control decision will be based on the dead band conditions and controller state at
the previous timestep (this input). Refer to the abstract for more details on control theory.
In most applications, the output control signal of this component is hooked up to this input.
5 Upper dead band any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The upper dead band temperature difference is used in the following way in the controller:
The controller is ON if it was previously OFF and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the upper dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
The controller is ON if it was previously ON and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the lower dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
Upper dead band should be greater than the lower dead band in most applications.
Refer to section 4.4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for help in choosing optimal and stable
values of the controller dead bands.
6 Lower dead band any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 2.0
The lower dead band temperature difference is used in the folllowing way in the controller:
The controller is ON if it was previously ON and Th (Input 1) minus T (Input 2) is greater than the lower dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.

4–27
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The controller is ON if it was previously OFF and Th (Input 1) minus Tl (Input 2) is greater than the upper dead
band. Otherwise the controller is OFF.
Refer to section 4.4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for help in determining optimum and stable
values of the controller dead bands.
In most applications, the upper dead band should be greater than the lower dead band.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
Output control function: The output control function may be ON (=1) or OFF (=0).

4–28
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.4. Iterative Feedback Controller

4.1.4.1. Iterative Feedback Controller

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 22

Proforma Controllers\Iterative Feedback Controller\Type22.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 mode Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Controller's operation mode. Not implemented yet (set to 0)
2 Maximum number of oscillations Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of iterations after which the controller's output will stick to its current value in order to promote
convergence. If you set this parameter to 0 (or less), the controller will stick a few iterations before the
maximum number of iterations set in the general simulation parameters, so TRNSYS gets a chance to
converge at the current time step. Set this parameter to a very large value if you do not want this to happen.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Setpoint any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ySet is the setpoint for the controlled variable. The controller will calculate the control signal that zeroes (or
minimizes) the tracking error (e = y-ySet).
2 Controlled variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
y is the controlled variable that will track the setpoint (ySet).
3 On / Off signal Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ON / OFF signal for the controller. The control signal is always zero if onOff = 0, other values are interpreted as
"ON".
4 Minimum control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Minimum value of the control signal. The controller will minimize the tracking error for uMin <= u <= uMax. uMin
and uMax can be variable but you should always ensure that some values of u are acceptable. In other words,
do not set uMin > uMax to switch the controller Off. You can use the onOff input for that purpose.
uMin and uMax are used in the numerical algorithm and using realistic values rather than arbitrarily large
numbers will improve the controller stability and speed.
5 Maximum control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum value of the control signal. Please see the information on uMin for details.
6 Threshold for non-zero output any any real [0;+Inf] 0
This is the minimum control signal (absolute value) for which a non-zero output will be set. It is different from
uMin (input(4)). Control values lower than uThreshold in absolute value will be zeroed. This can be used for
example to model a pump that has a minimum operating flowrate: in that case uThreshold should be set to the
minimum flowrate and uMin should be set to 0. Another example is a control signal where uMin = -100, uMax =
100 and uThreshold = 10. This means that values between -100 and 100 are acceptable but outputs lower than
10 in absolute value will be set to zero.
7 Tolerance on tracking error any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Tolerance on the tracking error. The controller will stick to its current value (i.e. not attempt to further reduce the
tracking error) if the tracking error is within this tolerance. Positive numbers are interpreted as a relative
tolerance on y, negative numbers are interpreted as an absolute tolerance. 0 is acceptable.

OUTPUTS

4–29
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Control signal. This is the controller output
2 Tracking error any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Tracking error (ySet-y)
3 Controller status Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Controller status. 0 means the controller is OFF. The following values are added to status to indicate the
controller status: 1 if the controller is ON, 2 if the control signal is set to 0 because of the threshold value, 4 if it
is constrained by the minimum value, 8 if it is constrained by the maximum value, 16 if it is stuck to its previous
value, 32 if the tracking error is within the tolerance, and 64 if the slope of the (control signal, tracking error)
curve is too steep and steps are cut in order to promote numerical convergence. All flags are summed so that
the status for "ON, at the maximum value and within tolerance" is 1+8+32=41.
4 Unsaturated control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Unsaturated control signal: calculated value before taking the minimum and maximum boundaries into account.
This output is mostly used for debugging purposes, the control signal (u) that should be connected to the
controlled system is output 1.

4–30
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.5. Microprocessor Controller

4.1.5.1. Microprocessor Controller

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 40

Proforma Controllers\Microprocessor Controller\Type40.tmf

4–31
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.1.6. PID Controller

4.1.6.1. PID Controller

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 23

Proforma Controllers\PID Controller\Type23.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 mode Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
Controller's operation mode. Mode 0 implements a "real-life" (i.e. non-iterative) controller which performs its
calculations after "measuring" the system's outputs (i.e. after convergence in TRNSYS) and maintains its
outputs at a constant level until the end of the next time step. Mode 1 implements an iterative controller that
uses TRNSYS iterations to adjust its outputs. Mode 1 will usually provide a faster response at the expense of
more iterations and the optimal parameters may be far from real-world values for a similar system. Mode 0 does
not cause more TRNSYS iterations but it may require that you reduce the time step in order to obtain a
satisfactory closed-loop response. Note that Type 22 (Iterative feedback controller) offers an alternative to
mode 1 and is easier to configure).
2 Maximum number of oscillations Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
(This parameter is ignored in mode 0)
Number of iterations after which the controller's output will stick to its current value in order to promote
convergence. If you set this parameter to 0 (or less), the controller will stick a few iterations before the
maximum number of iterations set in the general simulation parameters, so TRNSYS gets a chance to
converge at the current time step. Set this parameter to a very large value if you do not want this to happen.

4–32
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Gain constant any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

This is the gain of the PID controller (Acts on the 3 parts of the signal: proportional, integral and derivative)
8 Integral time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
This is Ti, the integral (or reset) time of the controller. You can set Ti to 0 to disable integral control.
9 Derivative time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
This is Td, the derivative time of the controller. You can set Td to 0 to disable the derivative control.
10 Tracking time for anti-windup Time hr real [-1;+Inf] 0
Tracking (anti-windup) time constant. That time constant is used to de-saturate the integrator in case the
control signal is saturated by the minimum, maximum or threshold values. 0 means no anti-windup (not
recommended) and -1 means "use default value" (Tt = Ti). It is generally recommended to set Tt to 0.1 .. 1 Ti
11 Fraction of ySet for proportional effect Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
b is the fraction of ySet used in the proportional effect: vp = Kc * (b*ySet-y). This parameter should be set
between 0 and 1. Using values less than 1 allows for smoother transitions in case of fast setpoint changes but
it will lead to a more slugish response to such a setpoint change.
12 Fraction of ySet for derivative effect Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
g is the fraction of ySet used in the derivative effect, which is proportional to the derivative of (g*ySet-y). This
parameter should be set to a value between 0 and 1. Using values less than 1 allows for smoother transitions
in case of fast setpoint changes but it will lead to a more slugish response to such a setpoint change. Often in
servo control g is 1 while in process control g is 0.
13 High-frequency limit on derivative Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
N is the high-frequency limit of the derivative gain. The derivative effect is basically multiplied by (Td/(Td+N
delta_t)). N should be a positive number. N is usually set in the range [3 ; 20]. The default value is N=10.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Control signal. This is the controller output
2 Tracking error any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Tracking error (ySet-y)
3 Unsaturated control signal any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Unsaturated control signal: calculated value before taking the minimum, maximum and threshold values into
account. This output is mostly used for debugging purposes, the control signal (u) that should be connected to
the controlled system is output 1.
4 Proportional action Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This is the part of the control signal that is proportional to the tracking error (before saturation)
5 Integral action Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This is the part of the control signal that is proportional to the integral of the tracking error (before saturation).
Note that anti-windup has not been applied to this value.
6 Derivative action Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This is the part of the control signal that is proportional to the derivative of the tracking error (before saturation)
7 Controller status Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
Controller status. 0 means the controller is OFF. The following values are added to status to indicate the
controller status: 1 if the controller is ON, 2 if the control signal is set to 0 because of the threshold value, 4 if it
is constrained by the minimum value, 8 if it is constrained by the maximum value. All flags are summed so that
the status for "ON, at the maximum value" is 1+8=9.

4–33
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2. Electrical

4.2.1. Batteries

4.2.1.1. Current as an input - Shepherd Equation

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 47

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\Current as an input\Shepherd Equation\Type47d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 0
Specify 4. Mode 4 corresponds to Shepherd equations, current given as input.
2 Cell Energy Capacity Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated cell energy capacity. The battery capacity is obtained by multiplying the cell capacity by the number of
cells in series and by the number of cells in parallel.
3 Cells in parallel Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells connected in parallel in the battery.
4 Cells in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series in the battery. A lead-acid battery cell has a rated voltage of 2V. So a 12V battery
includes 6 cells in series, and a 24V battery includes 12 cells in series.
5 Charging efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
The charging efficiency is typically high for low State of Charge (>=85%) but can drop below 50% for high State
Of Charge (SOC higher than 90%). This model assumes a constant value.
6 Max. current per cell charging Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowed for cell charge current. This current should be set approximately to charge the battery in 5
hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to erroneous results. Use "C1"
(i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
7 Max. current per cell discharge Electric current amperes real [-Inf;0] 0
Maximum allowed for cell discharge current (negative value). This current should be set approximately to
discharge the battery in 5 hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to
erroneous results. Use "C1" (i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
8 Max. charge voltage per cell Voltage V real [1.8;2.8] 0
The maximum allowed for each cell voltage in charge mode. Do not use values greater than 2.8V.
9 Calculate discharge cutoff voltage Dimensionless - real [-1;+ Inf] 0
Use -1 for automatic calculation of discharge cutoff voltage, or give a positive value. If the discharge cutoff
voltage is given, it should be larger than 1.5V.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Current Electric Charge Ah real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The current injected to the battery has a positive sign, while the current going from the battery to the load is
negative.

4–34
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
The State Of Charge is expressed in the same units as the rated cell capacity (Ah). This value is given for one
cell (all cells are assumed to be identical).
2 Fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
This is the ratio between the State Of Charge and the rated energy capacity.
3 Power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to (>0) or from (
4 Power lost during charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power loss. This is equal to (1-Efficiency)*Power when charging (0 else).
5 Total current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total current to (>0) or from the battery (
6 Total voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total voltage of the battery (Cell voltage * Nb of cells in series).
7 Max. Power for charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current).
8 Max. Power for discharge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value.
9 Discharge cutoff voltage (DCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharge cutoff voltage (computed if PAR(9)<0).
10 Power corresponding to DCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Discharge cutoff voltage.
11 Charge cutoff voltage (CCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Charge cutoff voltage.
12 Power corresponding to CCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Charge cutoff voltage.

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge1 Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
Initial State Of Charge of one cell of the battery. This value should use the same units as parameter 2. The
value is given for one cell. The SOC of the battery is obtained by multiplying this value by the number of cells.

4–35
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.1.2. Current as an input - Shepherd modified Hyman

Equation

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 47

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\Current as an input\Shepherd modified Hyman Equation\Type47e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 0
Specify 3. Mode 3 corresponds to Hyman (modified Shepherd) equations, current given as input.
2 Cell Energy Capacity Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated cell energy capacity. The battery capacity is obtained by multiplying the cell capacity by the number of
cells in series and by the number of cells in parallel.
3 Cells in parallel Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells connected in parallel in the battery.
4 Cells in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series in the battery. A lead-acid battery cell has a rated voltage of 2V. So a 12V battery
includes 6 cells in series, and a 24V battery includes 12 cells in series.
5 Charging efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
The charging efficiency is typically high for low State of Charge (>=85%) but can drop below 50% for high State
Of Charge (SOC higher than 90%). This model assumes a constant value.
6 Max. current per cell charging Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowed for cell charge current. This current should be set approximately to charge the battery in 5
hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to erroneous results. Use "C1"
(i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
7 Max. current per cell discharge Electric current amperes real [-Inf;0] 0
Maximum allowed for cell discharge current (negative value). This current should be set approximately to
discharge the battery in 5 hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to
erroneous results. Use "C1" (i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
8 Max. charge voltage per cell Voltage V real [1.8;2.8] 0
The maximum allowed for each cell voltage in charge mode. Do not use values greater than 2.8V.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The current injected to the battery has a positive sign, while the current going from the battery to the load is
negative.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge Electric Charge Ah real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The State Of Charge is expressed in the same units as the rated cell capacity (Ah). This value is given for one
cell (all cells are assumed to be identical).
2 Fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This is the ratio between the State Of Charge and the rated energy capacity.
3 Power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to (>0) or from (

4–36
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Power lost during charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Power lost. This is equal to (1-Efficiency)*Power when charging (0 else).
5 Total current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total current to (>0) or from the battery (
6 Total voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total voltage of the battery (Cell voltage * Nb of cells in series).
7 Max. Power for charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current).
8 Max. Power for discharge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value.
9 Discharge cutoff voltage (DCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharge cutoff voltage.
10 Power corresponding to DCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Discharge cutoff voltage.
11 Charge cutoff voltage (CCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Charge cutoff voltage.
12 Power corresponding to CCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Charge cutoff voltage.

4–37
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.1.3. Power as an input - dQ_dt=P eff

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 47

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\dQ_dt=P eff\Type47a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
Specify 1. Mode 1 corresponds to a simple energy balance.
2 Cell Energy Capacity Energy Wh real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated Energy Capacity of each cell. The battery capacity is obtained by multiplying the cell capacity by the
number of cells in series and by the number of cells in parallel.
3 Cells in parallel Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells connected in parallel in the battery.
4 Cells in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series in the battery. A lead-acid battery cell has a rated voltage of 2V. So a 12V battery
includes 6 cells in series, and a 24V battery includes 12 cells in series.
5 Charging efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
The charging efficiency is typically high for low State of Charge (>=85%) but can drop below 50% for high State
Of Charge (SOC higher than 90%). This model assumes a constant value.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Power to or from battery Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power injected to the battery has a positive sign, while the power going from the battery to the load is
negative.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge Energy Wh real [0;+Inf] 0
The State Of Charge is expressed in the same units as the rated cell capacity (Wh). This value is given for one
cell (all cells are assumed to be identical).
2 Fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
This is the ratio between the State Of Charge and the rated energy capacity.
3 Power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to (>0) or from (
4 Power lost during charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power loss. This is equal to (1-Efficiency)*Power when charging (0 else).

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge1 Energy Wh real [0;+Inf] 0
Initial State Of Charge of one cell of the battery. This value should use the same units as parameter 2. The
value is given for one cell. The SOC of the battery is obtained by multiplying this value by the number of cells.

4–38
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.1.4. Power as an input - Shepherd Equation

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 47

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\Shepherd Equation\Type47b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
Specify 2. Mode 2 corresponds to Shepherd equations, power given as input.
2 Cell Energy Capacity Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated cell energy capacity. The battery capacity is obtained by multiplying the cell capacity by the number of
cells in series and by the number of cells in parallel.
3 Cells in parallel Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells connected in parallel in the battery.
4 Cells in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series in the battery. A lead-acid battery cell has a rated voltage of 2V. So a 12V battery
includes 6 cells in series, and a 24V battery includes 12 cells in series.
5 Charging efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
The charging efficiency is typically high for low State of Charge (>=85%) but can drop below 50% for high State
Of Charge (SOC higher than 90%). This model assumes a constant value.
6 Max. current per cell charging Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowed for cell charge current. This current should be set approximately to charge the battery in 5
hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to erroneous results. Use "C1"
(i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
7 Max. current per cell discharge Electric current amperes real [-Inf;0] 0
Maximum allowed for cell discharge current (negative value). This current should be set approximately to
discharge the battery in 5 hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to
erroneous results. Use "C1" (i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
8 Max. charge voltage per cell Voltage V real [1.8;+2.8] 0
The maximum allowed for each cell voltage in charge mode. Do no use values greater than 2.8V.
9 Calculate discharge cutoff voltage Dimensionless - real [-1;2.5] 0
Use -1 for automatic calculation of discharge cutoff voltage, or give a positive value. If the discharge cutoff
voltage is given, it should be larger than 1.5V.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Power to or from battery Power kJ/hr real [-inf;+Inf] 0
The power injected to the battery has a positive sign, while the power going from the battery to the load is
negative.

4–39
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Power to (>0) or from (

4 Power lost during charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power loss. This is equal to (1-Efficiency)*Power when charging (0 else).
5 Total current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total current to (>0) or from the battery (
6 Total voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total voltage of the battery (Cell voltage * Nb of cells in series).
7 Max. Power for charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current).
8 Max. Power for discharge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value.
9 Discharge cutoff voltage (DCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharge cutoff voltage (computed if PAR(9)<0).
10 Power corresponding to DCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Discharge cutoff voltage.
11 Charge cutoff voltage (CCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Charge cutoff voltage.
12 Power corresponding to CCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Charge cutoff voltage.

4–40
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.1.5. Power as an input - Shepherd modified Hyman

Equation

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 47

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\Shepherd modified Hyman Equation\Type47c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 0
Specify 3. Mode 3 corresponds to Hyman (modified Shepherd) equations, power given as input.
2 Cell Energy Capacity Electric Charge Ah real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated cell energy capacity. The battery capacity is obtained by multiplying the cell capacity by the number of
cells in series and by the number of cells in parallel.
3 Cells in parallel Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells connected in parallel in the battery.
4 Cells in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series in the battery. A lead-acid battery cell has a rated voltage of 2V. So a 12V battery
includes 6 cells in series, and a 24V battery includes 12 cells in series.
5 Charging efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
The charging efficiency is typically high for low State of Charge (>=85%) but can drop below 50% for high
State Of Charge (SOC higher than 90%). This model assumes a constant value.
6 Max. current per cell charging Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowed for cell charge current. This current should be set approximately to charge the battery in 5
hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to erroneous results. Use "C1"
(i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
7 Max. current per cell discharge Electric current amperes real [-Inf;0] 0
Maximum allowed for cell discharge current (negative value). This current should be set approximately to
discharge the battery in 5 hours ("C5"), i.e. 3.3 A if the cell capacity is 16.7 Ah. Too high values may lead to
erroneous results. Use "C1" (i.e. 16.7 A for a 16.7 Ah cell) at most.
8 Max. charge voltage per cell Voltage V real [1.8;2.8] 0
The maximum allowed for each cell voltage in charge mode. Do no use values greater than 2.8V.
9 Calculate discharge cutoff voltage Dimensionless - real [-1;2.5] 0
Use -1 for automatic calculation of discharge cutoff voltage, or give a positive value. If the discharge cutoff
voltage is given, it should be larger than 1.5V.
10 Tolerance for iterative calculations Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
Ic (charge)and Id (discharge) are calculated through an iterative process. This parameter gives the absolute
tolerance on convergence check. The equation calculating V from P also requires iterations and the same
value is used for the tolerance.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 State of charge Electric Charge Ah real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–41
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The State Of Charge is expressed in the same units as the rated cell capacity (Ah). This value is given for one
cell (all cells are assumed to be identical).
2 Fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This is the ratio between the State Of Charge and the rated energy capacity.
3 Power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to (>0) or from (
4 Power lost during charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power loss. This is equal to (1-Efficiency)*Power when charging (0 else).
5 Total current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total current to (>0) or from the battery (
6 Total voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total voltage of the battery (Cell voltage * Nb of cells in series).
7 Max. Power for charge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current).
8 Max. Power for discharge Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value.
9 Discharge cutoff voltage (DCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharge cutoff voltage (computed if PAR(9)<0).
10 Power corresponding to DCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Discharge cutoff voltage.
11 Charge cutoff voltage (CCV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Charge cutoff voltage.
12 Power corresponding to CCV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to Charge cutoff voltage.

4–42
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.1.6. With Gassing Current Effects

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 185

Proforma Electrical\Batteries\With Gassing Current Effects\Type185.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 QBATNOM any any real [0;+Inf] 0
Nominal capactiy of battery
2 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 0
Number of cells in series.
3 BATTYPE dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 0
Type of battery (no. in external file)
4 Logical Unit for data file dimensionless - real [20;999] 0
Logical unit for external battery parameter file

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IBAT Electric current A real [-100;100] 0
Total current inn/out of battery
Charging = positive (+) current
Discharging = negative (-) current
2 TBAT Temperature C real [20;20] 0
Battery temperature.
All cells in a battery are assumed to hold the same temperature.
3 SOC_INI dimensionless - real [0;100] 0
State of Charge in percent (%).
Only used in the initial zation of SOC at the first time step in the simulation.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 UBAT Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across battery terminals.
2 SOC dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
State of Charge in percent (%).
3 QBAT any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Capacity of battery after charge/discharge
4 UEQU Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Equilibrium (resting) cell voltage.
5 UPOL Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Polarization cell voltage.
6 IGAS Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Gassing current per cell.
7 PGAS Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power dissipated as a result of gassing.
8 ICH Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–43
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Charging current.
9 PCH Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Charging power.
10 IDCH Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharging current.
11 PDCH Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Discharging power.
12 IDUMP Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Dumped current. (Required to avoid complete battery overcharging.)
13 IAUX Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Auxiliary current required to prevent complete undercharging of the battery.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
File with battery .\Examples\Data Files\Type185-
Logical Unit for data file
parameters BatteryWithGasingEffects.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type185.for

4–44
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.2. Busbar

4.2.2.1. AC-busbar

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 188

Proforma Electrical\Busbar\AC-busbar\Type188a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 V_grid Voltage V real [200;66E3] 22E3
Mini-grid voltage

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 P_WECS Power W real [0;+Inf] 10E6
Power from wind energy conversion system (WECS)
2 P_PV Power W real [0;+Inf] 10E3
Power from photovoltaic (PV) system
3 P_FC Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from fuel cell (FC) system
4 P_RE Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from other renewable (RE) sources
5 P_other Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from other sources (e.g., diesel gensets)
6 P_ely Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power to the electrolyzer system
7 P_load Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power to the user load
8 P_aux Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power to auxiliary equipment (e.g.,pumps, compressors, etc.)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 P_grid Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Excess power available on the mini-grid (negative value is deficit power)
2 U_grid Voltage V real [200;66E3] 0
Mini-grid voltage

4–45
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.3. Diesel Engine (DEGS)

4.2.3.1. DEGS Dispatch Controller

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 102

Proforma Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\DEGS Dispatch Controller\Type102a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 NMIN dimensionless - integer [0;5] 1
Minimum allowable number of DEGS in operation
2 NMAX dimensionless - integer [1;5] 0.2
Maximum allowable number of DEGS in operation
3 PRATED Power kW real [1;+Inf] 0
Rated power of each DEGS
4 XLOW dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Lower power set point, usually about 40-50% of rated power (X=P/Prated).
5 XUP dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Upper power set point, usually 80-90% of rated power (X=P/Prated)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PLOAD Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total load to be met by one or several DEGS

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PDEGS Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power set point for a single DEGS
2 NDEGS dimensionless - integer [1;5] 0
Total number of DEGS required to meet load.

4–46
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.3.2. Generic Model

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 120

Proforma Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\Generic Model\Type120a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
1 = Generic Model, 2 = Specific DEGS
2 FUELTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;6] 0
1 = Diesel, 2 = LPG, 3 = Propane, 4 = Methane, 5 = Natural gas, 6 = Hydrogen
3 PMAX Power kW real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowable power. Usually 20% above rated power.
4 PMIN Power kW real [0;+Inf] 0
Minimum allowable power. For a single DEGS placed in parallel with many DEGSs, this value
is usually about 40% of rated power
5 PRATED Power kW real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated power in kW. Usually, 20% lower than rated power in kW and 20% lower than maximum
allowable power (PMAX).

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
ON/OFF-switch for the DEGS (1 = ON, 0 = OFF)
2 P_SET Power W real [0;500000] 0
Power set point for one single DEGS (signal from DEGS controller)
3 NUNITS dimensionless - integer [0;100] 0
Number of identical units in operation (needs to be decided by the DEGS controller)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PTOTAL Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total power output
2 V_LIQ Volumetric Flow Rate l/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total liquid fuel consumption rate
3 V_GAS any Nm3/h real [0;+Inf] 0
Total gas fuel consumption rate
4 ETA_FUEL any kWh/L real [0;+Inf] 0
Fuel efficiency
5 ETA_EL dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
Electrical efficiency
6 Q_WASTE Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total waste heat

4–47
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.3.3. Specific DEGS

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 120

Proforma Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\Specific DEGS\Type120b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
1 = Generic Model, 2 = Specific DEGS
2 FUELTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;6] 0
1 = Diesel, 2 = LPG, 3 = Propane, 4 = Methane, 5 = Natural gas, 6 = Hydrogen
3 PMAX Power kW real [0;+Inf] 0
Maximum allowable power. Usually 20% above rated power.
4 PMIN Power kW real [0;+Inf] 0
Minimum allowable power. For a single DEGS placed in parallel with many DEGSs, this value
is usually about 40% of rated power
5 DEGSTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
Type of DEGS (se data file for details)
6 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
Logical Unit identifier for external file

EXTERNAL FILES

4–48
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Associated
Question File
parameter
File with DEGS- .\Examples\Data Files\Type120-
Logical unit for data file
parameters DieselEngineGeneratorSet.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type120.for

4–49
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4. Photovoltaic Panels

4.2.4.1. 5-Parameters Model according to DeSoto

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 194

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\5-Parameters model\Type194a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Electric
2 Module short-circuit current at reference conditions amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
current
3 Module open-circuit voltage at reference conditions Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Reference temperature Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Reference insolation Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Module voltage at max power point and reference
6 Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
conditions
Module current at max power point and reference Electric
7 amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
conditions current
[-
8 Temperature coeficient of Isc at (ref. cond) any any real 0
Inf;+Inf]
[-
9 Temperature coeficient of Voc (ref. cond.) any any real 0
Inf;+Inf]
10 Number of cells wired in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
11 Number of modules in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
12 Number of modules in parallel dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
13 Module temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
14 Ambient temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
15 Insolation at NOCT Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
16 Module area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
17 tau-alpha product for normal incidence dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
[-
18 Semiconductor bandgap any any real 0
Inf;+Inf]
19 Value of parameter a at reference conditions dimensionless any real [0;+Inf] 1.9
Electric
20 Value of parameter I_L at reference conditions amperes real [0;+Inf] 5.4
current
Electric
21 Value of parametre I_0 at reference conditions amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
current
[-
22 Module series resistance dimensionless - real 0.5
Inf;+Inf]
[-
23 Shunt resistance at reference conditions dimensionless - real 16
Inf;+Inf]
24 Calculate maximum power as outputs? (0=no, 1=yes) dimensionless - boolean [0,1] 1
Extinction coefficient-thickness product of cover dimensionless - real [- 0.008

4–50
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Inf;+Inf]

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total incident radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Ambient temperature Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Load voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Ground reflectance dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
5 Array slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Incidence angle of beam radiation Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Array voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Array power Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Power at maximum power point Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Fraction of maximum power used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Voltage at MPP Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Current at MPP Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Open circuit voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Short circuit current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Array fill factor dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Array temperature Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Conversion efficiency dimensionless - real [0;1] 0

4–51
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.2. Crystalline Modules

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 94

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Crystalline Modules\Type94a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Module short-circuit current at reference conditions Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
2 Module open-circuit voltage at reference conditions Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Reference temperature Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Reference insolation Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Module voltage at max power point and reference conditions Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
6 Module current at max power point and reference conditions Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
7 Temperature coeficient of Isc at (ref. cond) any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Temperature coeficient of Voc (ref. cond.) any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Number of cells wired in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
10 Number of modules in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
11 Number of modules in parallel dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
12 Module temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
13 Ambient temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
14 Insolation at NOCT Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
15 Module area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
16 tau-alpha product for normal incidence dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
17 Semiconductor bandgap any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Slope of IV curve at Isc any any real [0;0] 0
19 Module series resistance any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Ambient temperature Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Load voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Flag for convergence promotion dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
5 Array slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Incidence angle of beam radiation Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Array voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Array power Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–52
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Power at maximum power point Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

5 Fraction of maximum power used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Voltage at MPP Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Current at MPP Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Open circuit voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Short circuit current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Array fill factor dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Array temperature Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–53
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.3. PV-Thermal Collectors - Concentrating Collectors -

Constant Losses - Cell Operating V is input

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating Collectors\Constant Losses\Cell

Proforma
Operating V is input\Type50g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [7;7] 0
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Ratio of aperture to absorber area dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
4 Fluid thermal capacitance any any real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Plate absorptance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
6 fin efficiency area ratio dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
7 Back loss coefficient for no-flow condition Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
8 Thermal conductance between cells and absorber Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 0
9 Heat transfer coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
10 Cover plate transmittance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
11 Front loss coefficient for cells Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
12 Logical unit for SOLCEL data file dimensionless - integer [10;30] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Rate of useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Collector loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Transmittance-absorptance product dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Electrical power output Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Average cell temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Apparent thermal loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Array voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Cell temperature at collector inlet Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–54
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What is the logical unit number of the SOLCEL data? Logical unit for SOLCEL data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type50.for

4–55
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.4. PV-Thermal Collectors - Concentrating Collectors -

Constant Losses - No cell operating voltage

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating Collectors\Constant Losses\No

Proforma
cell operating voltage\Type50e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [5;5] 0
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Ratio of aperture to absorber area dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
4 Fluid thermal capacitance any any real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Plate absorptance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
6 fin efficiency area ratio dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
7 Back loss coefficient for no-flow condition Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
8 Thermal conductance between cells and absorber Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 0
9 Heat transfer coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
10 Cover plate transmittance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
11 Front loss coefficient for cells Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
12 Logical unit for SOLCEL data file dimensionless - integer [10;30] 0

EXTERNAL FILES

4–56
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Question File Associated parameter

What is the logical unit number of the SOLCEL data? Logical unit for SOLCEL data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type50.for

4–57
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.5. PV-Thermal Collectors - Concentrating Collectors -

Top Loss f(Wind, Temp) - Cell operating voltage is
input

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating Collectors\Top Loss f(Wind,

Proforma
Temp)\Cell operating voltage is input\Type50h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [6;6] 0
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Ratio of aperture to absorber area dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
4 Fluid thermal capacitance any any real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Plate absorptance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
6 Fin efficiency area ratio dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
7 Back loss coefficient for no-flow condition Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
8 Thermal conductance between cells and absorber Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 0
9 Heat transfer coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
10 Cover plate transmittance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
11 Number of glass covers dimensionless - integer [0;3] 0
12 Absorber plate emittance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
13 Logical unit for SOLCEL data dimensionless - integer [10;30] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Incident radiation Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Voltage applied to array Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–58
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Apparent thermal loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Array voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Cell temperature at collector inlet Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What is the logical unit of the SOLCEL data file? Logical unit for SOLCEL data
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type50.for

4–59
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.6. PV-Thermal Collectors - Concentrating Collectors -

Top Loss f(Wind, Temp) - No cell operating voltage

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating Collectors\Top Loss f(Wind,

Proforma
Temp)\No cell operating voltage\Type50f.tmf

4–60
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

10 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

11 Cell temperature at collector inlet Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What is the logical unit of the SOLCEL data file?
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type50.for

4–61
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.7. PV-Thermal Collectors - Flat Plate Collectors - Angular

dependence of Transmitance

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate Collectors\Angular dependence of

Proforma
Transmitance\Type50c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [3;3] 0
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Collector Efficiency Factor dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
4 Fluid Thermal Capacitance Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Collector plate absorptance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
6 Number of glass covers dimensionless - integer [0;3] 0
7 Collector loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Extinction coefficient thickness product dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Temperature coeficient of PV cell efficiency any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Temperature for cell reference efficiency Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Packing factor dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Incident beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Incident diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Incidence angle of beam radiation Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Cell efficiency dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–62
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.8. PV-Thermal Collectors - Flat Plate Collectors -

Constant Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate Collectors\Constant

Proforma
Losses\Type50a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
Mode: Specify 1.
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Total Collector Area.
3 Collector Fin Efficiency Factor Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
F', Collector fin efficiency factor. At a particular location, F' is the ratio of the actual useful energy gain to the
useful energy gain that would result if the collector absorbing surface had been at the local fluid temperature.
4 Fluid Thermal Capacitance Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fluid thermal capacitance.
5 Collector plate absorptance Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Collector plate absorptance (visible wavelength range).
6 Collector loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Collector loss coefficient, assumed to be constant.
7 Cover transmittance Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Cover transmittance (visible wavelength range).
Temperature coefficient of solar cell
8 Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
efficiency
C, Temperature coefficient of solar cell efficiency.
Eff (T) = Eff(TRef) * (1-C*(T-TRef)).
Reference temperature for cell
9 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
efficiency
Reference temperature for solar cell efficiency.
10 Packing factor Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Packing factor: ratio of PV cell area to absorber area.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Inlet fluid temperature.
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fluid mass flowrate in the collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ambient temperature.
4 Incident radiation Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total solar radiation incident on the collector.
5 Cell efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
PV Cell efficiency, [0-1] scale.

4–63
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Rate of useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Collector loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 transmitance-absorptance product dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Electrical power output Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Average cell temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Apparent thermal loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–64
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.9. PV-Thermal Collectors - Flat Plate Collectors -

Loss=f(T,WS,G) and t=f(angle)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate Collectors\Loss=f(T,WS,G) and

Proforma
t=f(angle)\Type50d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [4;4] 0
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Collector Efficiency Factor dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
4 Fluid Thermal Capacitance Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Collector plate absorptance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
6 Number of glass covers dimensionless - integer [0;10] 0
7 Collector plate emittance dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
8 Loss coefficient for bottom and edge losses Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Extinction coefficient thickness product dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Temperature coefficient of PV cell efficiency any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Temperature for cell reference efficiency Temperature K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Packing factor dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Incident beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Incident diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Incidence angle of beam radiation Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Cell Efficiency at reference conditions dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–65
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Apparent thermal loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–66
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.10. PV-Thermal Collectors - Flat Plate Collectors -

Losses=f(Temp, wind, geometry)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 50

Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate Collectors\Losses=f(Temp, wind,

Proforma
geometry)\Type50b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
Mode: Specify 2.
2 Collector Area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Total Collector Area.
3 Collector Fin Efficiency Factor Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
F', Collector fin efficiency factor. At a particular location, F' is the ratio of the actual useful energy gain to the
useful energy gain that would result if the collector absorbing surface had been at the local fluid temperature.
4 Fluid Thermal Capacitance Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fluid thermal capacitance.
5 Collector plate absorptance Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
Collector plate absorptance (visible wavelength range).
6 Number of glass covers Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 0
Number of glass covers.
7 Collector plate emittance Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
Collector plate emittance (infra-red wavelength range).
Loss coefficient for bottom and edge
8 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0;+Inf] 0
losses
Thermal loss coefficient for bottom and edge losses.
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Slope of the collector (0=horizontal).
10 Transmittance Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Cover transmittance (visible wavelength range).
Temperature coefficient of PV cell
11 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
efficiency
C, Temperature coefficient of solar cell efficiency.
Eff (T) = Eff(TRef) * (1-C*(T-TRef)).
Temperature for cell reference
12 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
efficiency
Reference temperature for solar cell efficiency.
13 Packing factor Dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0
Packing factor: ratio of PV cell area to absorber area.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Inlet fluid temperature.
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–67
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Fluid mass flowrate in the collector.

3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ambient temperature.
4 Incident radiation Flux W/m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total solar radiation incident on the collector.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Wind speed.
6 Cell Efficiency at reference conditions Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
PV Cell efficiency, [0-1] scale.

4–68
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.11. Thin Film Modules

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 94

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Thin Film Modules\Type94b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Module short-circuit current at reference conditions Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
2 Module open-circuit voltage at reference conditions Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
3 Reference temperature Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Reference insolation Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Module voltage at max power point and reference conditions Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
6 Module current at max power point and reference conditions Electric current amperes real [0;+Inf] 0
7 Temperature coeficient of Isc at (ref. cond)) any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Temperature coeficient of Voc (ref. cond.) any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Number of cells wired in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
10 Number of modules in series dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
11 Number of modules in parallel dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
12 Module temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
13 Ambient temperature at NOCT Temperature K real [0;+Inf] 0
14 Insolation at NOCT Flux W/m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
15 Module area Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
16 tau-alpha product for normal incidence dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
17 Semiconductor bandgap any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Slope of IV curve at Isc any any real [-Inf;0] 0
19 Module series resistance any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Array voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Array current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Array power Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–69
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Power at maximum power point Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–70
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.12. With Data File - MPPT=OFF - TCMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=OFF\TCMODE=1\Type180b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [0;0] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
PV cell temperature calculation mode
TCMODE = 1 . Temperature is given as an input (input#7)
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical Unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PVMODE dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The PVMODE determines whether the PV is switched on or off.
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 GT Flux W/m^2 real [0;1500] 800
The solar radiation flux on a surface.
3 TCELL Temperature C real [-100;100] 10
Temperature of the PV-cell array.
4 VA_in Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
Voltage across a PV-array

4–71
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Electric current produced by PV-array
2 VA_out Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array.
VA_out = VA_in
3 PA Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power produced by PV-array.
4 ETA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Efficiency of PV-array.
5 TC Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of PV-cells in array.
6 ISCA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Short-circuit current of PV-array.
7 VOCA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Open-circuit voltage of PV-array.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical Unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–72
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.13. With Data File - MPPT=OFF - TCMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=OFF\TCMODE=2\Type180d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [0;0] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
PV cell temperature calculation mode
TCMODE = 2. The cell temperature is calculated based on an overall heat loss coefficient (UL)
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PVMODE dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The PVMODE determines whether the PV is switched on or off.
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 GT Flux W/m^2 real [0;1500] 800
The solar radiation flux on a surface.
3 TAMB Temperature C real [-100;100] 10
Temperature of the PV-cell array.
4 VA_in Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array

4–73
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Electric current produced by PV-array
2 VA_out Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array
VA_out=Va_in
3 PA Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power produced by PV-array.
4 ETA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Efficiency of PV-array.
5 TC Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of PV-cells in array.
6 ISCA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Short-circuit current of PV-array
7 VOCA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Open-circuit voltage of PV-array

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–74
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.14. With Data File - MPPT=OFF - TCMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=OFF\TCMODE=3\Type180f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [0;0] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [3;3] 1
PV cell temperature mode
TCMODE = 3. The cell temperature is calculated based on an overall heat loss coefficient (UL)
and a lumped thermal capacitance (CT)
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PVMODE dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The PVMODE determines whether the PV is switched on or off.
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 GT Flux W/m^2 real [0;1500] 800
The solar radiation flux on a surface.
3 TAMB Temperature C real [-100;100] 10
Temperature of the PV-cell array.
4 VA_in Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0

4–75
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Voltage across PV-array

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Electric current produced by PV-array
2 VA_out Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array.
VA_out = VA_in
3 PA Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power produced by PV-array.
4 ETA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Efficiency of PV-array.
5 TC Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of PV-cells in array.
6 ISCA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Short-circuit current of PV-array
7 VOCA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Open-circuit voltage of PV-array

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–76
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.15. With Data File - MPPT=ON - TCMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=ON\TCMODE=1\Type180a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
PV cell temperature calculation mode
TCMODE = 1 . Temperature is given as input (input #7)
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

OUTPUTS

4–77
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 IA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Electric current produced by PV-array
2 VA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array
3 PA Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power produced by PV-array.
4 ETA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Efficiency of PV-array.
5 TC Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of PV-cells in array.
6 ISCA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Short-circuit current of PV-array
7 VOCA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Open-circuit voltage of PV-array

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–78
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.16. With Data File - MPPT=ON - TCMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=ON\TCMODE=2\Type180c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
PV cell temperature calculation mode
TCMODE = 2. The cell temperature is calculated based on an overall heat loss coefficient (UL)
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PVMODE dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The PVMODE determines whether the PV is switched on or off.
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 GT Flux W/m^2 real [0;1500] 800
The solar radiation flux on a surface.
3 TAMB Temperature C real [-100;100] 10
Temperature of the PV-cell array.

OUTPUTS

4–79
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–80
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.4.17. With Data File - MPPT=ON - TCMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 180

Proforma Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\With Data File\MPPT=ON\TCMODE=3\Type180e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MPPT dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Maximum Power Point Tracker Mode
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 TCMODE dimensionless - integer [3;3] 1
PV cell temperature calculation mode
TCMODE = 1. The cell temperature is calculated based on an overall heat loss coefficient (UL)
and a lumped thermal capacitance (CT),
3 NCSER dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 150
Number of PV cells in series per PV module
4 NMSER dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 4
Number of PV modules in series in PV array
5 NMPAR dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 14
Number of PV modules in parallel in array
6 AREA Area m^2 real [0;+Inf] 1.50
Area of single PV-module covered with PV cells.
7 TAUALPHA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.9
Reflectance-absoptance of PV-cover
TAU = Transmittance of PV-cover
ALPHA = Fraction absorbed on the surface of the PV cell
8 EGAP Energy eV real [0;10] 1.12
Energy band gap for silicon
9 RSH any any real [0;+Inf] 1E6
Shunt resistance
10 PVTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
Type of PV panel in PV-parameter file (called within component model).
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 80
Logical Unit for file where the PV parameters are found.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PVMODE dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The PVMODE determines whether the PV is switched on or off.
0 = OFF
1 = ON
2 GT Flux W/m^2 real [0;1500] 800
The solar radiation flux on a surface.
3 TAMB Temperature C real [-100;100] 10
Temperature of the PV-cell array.

4–81
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Electric current produced by PV-array
2 VA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Voltage across PV-array
3 PA Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power produced by PV-array.
4 ETA dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Efficiency of PV-array.
5 TC Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of PV-cells in array.
6 ISCA Electric current A real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Short-circuit current of PV-array
7 VOCA Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Open-circuit voltage of PV-array

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with PV parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type180-PhotovoltaicModule.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type180.for

4–82
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.5. Power Conditioning

4.2.5.1. Power INPUT is known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 175

Proforma Electrical\Power Conditioning\Power INPUT is known\Type175a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Mode
Mode = 1. P is given as input (input #3)
2 Pn Power W real [1;2.0E6] 1.6E6
Nominal power
3 P0Pn dimensionless - real [0;1] 5.836E-3
Idling constant, i.e., ratio between constant power loss (P0) and nominal power (Pn).
4 Us Voltage V real [1;25] 2.06
Set point voltage
5 RiPn any V^2 real [100;5000] 138.42
Ohmic constant; product of internal resitance (Ri) and nominal power (Pn)
6 MP dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
Number of units in parallel
7 Paux Power W real [0;0.5] 0
Auxiliiary power requirement

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Uin Voltage V real [0;1E5] 22E3
Input voltage
2 Uout_set Voltage V real [0;1E5] 130
Output voltage
3 P Power W real [0;1E8] 1E4
Power

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Uout Voltage V real [0;1E5] 0
Voltage output
2 Iout Electric current A real [0;1E5] 0
Current output
3 Pout Power W real [0;1E8] 0
Power output
4 Eta dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Efficiency

4–83
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Uin Voltage V real [0;1E6] 0

Voltage input
6 Iin Electric current A real [0;1E5] 0
Current input
7 Pin Power W real [0;1E8] 0
Power input
8 Ploss Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Power losses
9 Paux_out Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Auxiliary power

4–84
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.5.2. Power OUTPUT is known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 175

Proforma Electrical\Power Conditioning\Power OUTPUT is known\Type175b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Mode = 2. Power output (e.g., a user a load) is given as an input (input #3)
2 Pn Power W real [1;1.0E6] 0.5E6
Nominal power
3 P0Pn dimensionless - real [0;1] 5.836E-3
Idling constant, i.e., the ratio betweem the constant power losses (P0) and nominal power (Pn)
4 Us Voltage V real [1;25] 2.06
Set point voltage
5 RiPn any V^2 real [100;5000] 138.42
Ohmic constant, product of internal resistance (Ri) and nominal power (Pn)
6 MP dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
Number of units in parallel
7 Paux Power W real [0;0.5] 0
Auxiliary power requirement

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Uin Voltage V real [0;1E5] 230
Voltage input
2 Uout_set Voltage V real [0;1E5] 22E3
Voltage output
3 P Power W real [0;1E8] 1E4
Power

4–85
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Pin Power W real [0;1E8] 0

Power input
8 Ploss Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Power losses
9 Paux_out Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Auxiliary power

4–86
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.6. Regulators and Inverters

4.2.6.1. System w_ battery storage - Array V = Battery V

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 48

Proforma Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\Array V = Battery V\Type48d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 0
Specify 3: Collector voltage equal to battery voltage, current instead of power distribution, monitoring of battery
state of charge and voltage.
2 Regulator efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Regulator efficiency (e.g. use this for non-perfect max-power tracker efficiency).
3 Inverter efficiency (DC to AC) Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Inverter efficiency, DC to AC.
High limit on fractional state of charge
4 Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
(FSOC)
High limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is higher than this value, charging with the PV array is
not allowed.
5 Low limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Low limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is lower than this value, discharging is not allowed.
6 charge to discharge limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
FB: Charge to discharge limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC < FB and the battery has been
charging, then the battery must be on "total charge." On "total charge," first priority is given to recharging the
battery with any array output, rather than sending the output to the load until FSOC > FB. Use FB
7 Power output limit Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output power capacity of inverter.
8 Inverter efficiency (AC to DC) Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Inverter efficiency, AC to DC.
9 Current for grid charging of battery Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Battery charge current when grid power is used for charging.
10 Upper limit on FSOC for grid charging Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
High limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is higher than this value, charging with the grid is not
allowed.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Current from solar PV array. In mode 3, the current of the PV is used array (Mode0, 1 and 2 use Power).
2 Load power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power demanded by load (Attention: the PV current is used but the power has to be given for the load).
3 Battery fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Battery fractional State Of Charge (FSOC).
4 Battery voltage (BV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–87
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Battery voltage (BV).

5 Max battery input Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current) - Use battery
output.
6 Min. battery output Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value - Use battery output.
7 lower limit on battery voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Lower limit on battery voltage during discharge - Use battery output.
8 Power corresponding to BV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to lower limit on battery voltage during discharge - Use battery output.
9 High limit on BV Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Higher limit on battery voltage during charge - Use battery output.
10 Power corresponding to high limit on BV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to higher limit on battery voltage during charge - Use battery output.
11 Start time for grid battery charging Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
t1: Time of the day at which battery charging with the grid can start (this assumes TIME=0 in the simulation is
midnight).
Use t1=t2 to allow charging at all times.
12 Stop time for grid battery charging Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
t2: Time of the day at which battery charging with the grid should stop (this assumes TIME=0 in the simulation
is midnight)
t2 < t1 is allowed (e.g. night charging from 22 to 7)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Power in from generation Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power from solar PV array.
2 Power to or from battery Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to (>0) or from (
3 Power to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to load.
4 Dumped generated power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
PV Array power "dumped" or not collected due to full battery.
5 Power from grid Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power from electricity grid.
6 Current in from generator Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Current from solar PV array.
7 Current to or from battery Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Current to (>0) or from (
8 Current to load Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Current to load.
9 Dumped generated current Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
PV Array Current "dumped" or not collected due to full battery.
10 Current from grid Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Current from electricity grid.

4–88
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.6.2. System w_ battery storage - MPP Tracking - SOC and

SOV monitoring

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 48

Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\MPP Tracking\SOC and SOV

Proforma
monitoring\Type48c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
Specify 2: Peak-power tracking collector, battery, monitoring of battery state of charge and voltage.
2 Regulator efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Regulator efficiency (e.g. use this for non-perfect max-power tracker efficiency).
3 Inverter efficiency (DC to AC) Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Inverter efficiency, DC to AC.
High limit on fractional state of charge
4 Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
(FSOC)
High limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is higher than this value, charging with the PV array is
not allowed.
5 Low limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Low limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is lower than this value, discharging is not allowed.
6 charge to discharge limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
FB: Charge to discharge limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC < FB and the battery has been
charging, then the battery must be on "total charge." On "total charge," first priority is given to recharging the
battery with any array output, rather than sending the output to the load until FSOC > FB. Use FB
7 Power output limit Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output power capacity of inverter.
8 Inverter efficiency (AC to DC) Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Inverter efficiency, AC to DC.
9 Current for grid charging of battery Electric current amperes real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Battery charge current when grid power is used for charging.
10 Upper limit on FSOC for grid charging Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
High limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is higher than this value, charging with the grid is not
allowed.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power from solar PV array.
2 Load power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power demanded by load.
3 Battery fractional state of charge Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Battery fractional State Of Charge (FSOC).
4 Battery voltage (BV) Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Battery voltage (BV).
5 Max battery input Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–89
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Maximum power for battery charge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum charge current) - Use battery
output.
6 Min. battery output Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Maximum power for battery discharge (i.e. power corresponding to maximum discharge current) - Negative
value - Use battery output.
7 lower limit on battery voltage Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Lower limit on battery voltage during discharge - Use battery output.
8 Power corresponding to BV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to lower limit on battery voltage during discharge - Use battery output.
9 High limit on BV Voltage V real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Higher limit on battery voltage during charge - Use battery output.
10 Power corresponding to high limit on BV Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power corresponding to higher limit on battery voltage during charge - Use battery output.
11 Start time for grid battery charging Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
t1: Time of the day at which battery charging with the grid can start (this assumes TIME=0 in the simulation is
midnight).
Use t1=t2 to allow charging at all times
12 Stop time for grid battery charging Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
t2: Time of the day at which battery charging with the grid should stop (this assumes TIME=0 in the simulation
is midnight)
t2 < t1 is allowed (e.g. night charging from 22 to 7)

4–90
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.6.3. System w_ battery storage - MPP Tracking - SOC

monitoring only

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 48

Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\MPP Tracking\SOC monitoring

Proforma
only\Type48b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
Specify 1: Peak-power tracking collector, battery, monitoring of state of charge.
2 Regulator efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Regulator efficiency (e.g. use this for non-perfect max-power tracker efficiency).
3 Inverter efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Inverter efficiency, DC to AC.
High limit on fractional state of charge
4 Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
(FSOC)
High limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is higher than this value, charging is not allowed.
5 Low limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Low limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC is lower than this value, discharging is not allowed.
6 charge to discharge limit on FSOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
FB: Charge to discharge limit on fractional state of charge (FSOC). If FSOC < FB and the battery has been
charging, then the battery must be on "total charge." On "total charge," first priority is given to recharging the
battery with any array output, rather than sending the output to the load until FSOC > FB. Use FB
7 Inverter ouput power capacity Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output power capacity of inverter.

4–91
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Power from grid Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Power from electricity grid.

4–92
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.6.4. System w_o battery storage

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 48

Proforma Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_o battery storage\Type48a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
Specify 0: Peak-power tracking collector, no battery, power is feedback to a utility.
2 Efficiency Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Regulator / inverter efficiency.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power from charging device (e.g. solar PV array).
2 Load power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power demanded by load.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Power in Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power from charging device (e.g. solar PV array).
2 Power out Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power sent to load.
3 Excess power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to or from utility (>0 if purchased,

4–93
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.2.7. Wind Turbines

4.2.7.1. Wind Turbines

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 90

Proforma Electrical\Wind Turbines\Type90.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Site elevation Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Site elevation
2 Data collection Height Length m real [0;+Inf] 0
Data collection height
3 Hub height Length m real [0;+Inf] 0
Hub height of WECS, as installed on site
4 Turbine power loss any any real [0;100] 0
Miscellaneous losses
5 Number of turbines dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of exactly similar turbines
6 Logical unit of file containing power curve data Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
Logical unit for external file containing WECS parameters

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
A control signal for the wind turbine.
CTRL = 0: WECS is OFF
CTRL = 1: WECS is ON and providing power.
2 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0;+Inf] 0
Wind velocity
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 0
Ambient temperature
4 Site shear exponent Dimensionless - real [-0.06;0.30] 0
Site wind shear exponent: -0.06 = inverted profile, 0.00 = neutral profile, 0.06 = open water, 0.10 = short
grasses, 0.14 = 1/7-profile-common, 0.18 = low vegetation, 0.22 = forests, 0.26 = obstructed flows, 0.30 = rare
5 Barometric pressure Pressure Pa real [0;+Inf] 0
Barometric pressure

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Power Output Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power output
2 Turbine hours Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Hours of continous wind turrbine operation

4–94
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Power coefficient Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Power coefficient

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with WECS .\Examples\Data Files\Type90- Logical unit of file containing power curve
parameters? WindTurbine.dat data
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type90.for

4–95
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3. Heat Exchangers

4.3.1. Constant Effectiveness

4.3.1.1. Constant Effectiveness

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 91

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Constant Effectiveness\Type91.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Heat exchanger effectiveness Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.6
The effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The effectiveness is a ratio of the actual heat exchanger heat transfer
to the maximum possible heat transfer which could occur in the heat exchanger.
Effectiveness = Q/Qmax
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the heat exchanger.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the hot side of the heat exchanger.
2 Hot side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the hot side of the heat exchanger.
3 Cold side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the cold side of the heat exchanger.
4 Cold side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid flowing through the cold side of the heat exchanger.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the hot side of the heat exchanger.
2 Hot-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the hot side of the heat exchanger.
3 Cold-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the cold side of the heat exchanger.
4 Cold-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the cold side of the heat exchanger.

4–96
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Heat transfer rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The total heat transfer rate between the fluids in the heat exchanger.
6 Effectiveness Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The effectiveness of the heat exchanger.

4–97
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.2. Counter Flow

4.3.2.1. Counter Flow

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Counter Flow\Type5b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Counter flow mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 2
indicates a counter flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
4 Not used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the hot side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the hot side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the cold side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
5 Overall heat transfer coefficient of exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 10.0
Overall heat transfer coefficient of the counter flow heat exchanger.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the hot side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the hot side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the cold side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the cold side of the counter flow heat exchanger.
5 Heat transfer rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total heat transfer rate between the fluids in the counter flow heat exchanger.

4–98
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Effectiveness Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The effectiveness of the counter flow heat exchanger.

4–99
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.3. Cross Flow

4.3.3.1. Both Fluids Mixed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Both Fluids Mixed\Type5f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Cross flow mode Dimensionless - integer [6;6] 3
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 3
indicates a cross flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Not Used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the hot side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the hot side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
5 Overall heat transfer coefficient of exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 10.0
Overall heat transfer coefficient of the cross flow heat exchanger.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the hot side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the hot side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
5 Heat transfer rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total heat transfer rate between the fluids in the cross flow heat exchanger.

4–100
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Effectiveness Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The effectiveness of the cross flow heat exchanger.

4–101
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.3.2. Both Fluids Unmixed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Both Fluids Unmixed\Type5e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Cross flow mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 3
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 3
indicates a cross flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Not Used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

4–102
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.3.3. Cold Side Mixed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Cold Side Mixed\Type5c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Cross flow mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 3
indicates a cross flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Not Used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

4–103
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.3.4. Hot Side Mixed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Hot Side Mixed\Type5d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Cross flow mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 3
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 3
indicates a cross flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Not Used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

4–104
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.4. Parallel Flow

4.3.4.1. Parallel Flow

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Parallel Flow\Type5a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Parallel flow mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 1
indicates a parallel flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
4 Not Used Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the hot side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the hot side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold side inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the cold side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
5 Overall heat transfer coefficient of exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0;+Inf] 10.0
Overall heat transfer coefficient of the parallel flow heat exchanger.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the hot side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
2 Hot-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the hot side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
3 Cold-side outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the cold side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
4 Cold-side flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the cold side of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
5 Heat transfer rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total heat transfer rate between the fluids in the parallel flow heat exchanger.

4–105
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Effectiveness Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The effectiveness of the parallel flow heat exchanger.

4–106
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.5. Shell and Tube

4.3.5.1. Shell and Tube

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 5

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Shell and Tube\Type5g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Shell and Tube mode Dimensionless - integer [7;7] 3
The general heat exchanger model may operate in one of four configuration modes. Setting this parameter to 3
indicates a cross flow arrangement.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Specific heat of hot side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the hot-side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
3 Specific heat of cold side fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the cold side of the cross flow heat exchanger.
4 Number of Shell Passes Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0

4–107
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Effectiveness Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The effectiveness of the cross flow heat exchanger.

4–108
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.3.6. Waste Heat Recovery

4.3.6.1. Waste Heat Recovery

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 17

Proforma Heat Exchangers\Waste Heat Recovery\Type17.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
Number of heat exchangers in WHR
1 Dimensionless - integer [2;6] 3
loop
The total number of heat exchangers in the waste heat recovery system including the primary heat exchanger.
2 Mass flow rate when pump is on Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid through the waste heat recovery loop when the waste heat recovery pump is on.
3 Specific heat of fluid in WHR loop Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger loop.
4 Number of controller oscillations Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of oscillations of the waste heat recovery loop pump control signal allowed before the pumps are
disabled for the timestep. This feature is used to promote convergence in systems where the waste heat
recovery loop pump oscillates on and off in successive iterations in one timestep.
5 Temperature tolerance Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
The absolute convergence tolerance on the outlet temperature of the primary heat exchanger. Convergence is
assumed when the outlet temperature of the hot side of the primary heat exchanger changes between
successive iterations by less than this specified tolerance. If convergence problems are encountered, try
loosening this tolerance.
6 Mode for heat exchanger Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The heat exchanger mode for the specified heat exchanger.
1 = Parallel flow ; 2 = Counter flow ; 3 = Cross flow
Heat exchanger 1 is the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream
to the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger N is the heat exchanger closest upstream to the primary heat
exchanger.
Overall conductance for heat
7 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
exchanger
The overall heat transfer conductance (UA) for the specified heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 1 is the primary
heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat exchanger.
8 Specific heat of fluid entering HX Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The specific heat of the fluid entering the cold side of the specified heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 1 is the
primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat
exchanger.
9 Control mode for heat exchanger Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The control mode for the specified heat exchanger.
1 = NO CONTROL: Energy is transferred into or out of the WHR loop whenever there is flow on both sides of
the heat exchanger. In this mode, the minimum temperature difference parameter is ignored. External control
is possible by the use of an external controller controlling the operation of the pump supplying the fluid to the
non-WHR loop side of the heat exchanger.
2 = ENERGY RECOVERY: Energy is transferred into the WHR loop whenever the recovery stream inlet
temperature is greater than the WHR inlet side temperature plus the minimum temperature difference
parameter. Otherwise the conditions of the recovery stream outlet are set equal to those of the inlet and the

4–109
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heat transfer is zero. This is not an option for the primary heat exchanger (heat exchanger 1).
3 = ENERGY DELIVERY: Energy is transferred from the WHR loop whenever the inlet to the WHR loop side
of the heat exchanger is greater than the external stream inlet plus the minimum temperature difference
parameter. Otherwise the conditions of the external stream outlet are set to those of the inlet and the heat
transfer is zero.
Heat exchanger 1 is the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream
to the primary heat exchanger.
Minimum temperature difference for
10 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 0
WHR pump
The minimum temperature difference between the hot and cold inlets to the specified heat exchanger
necessary for WHR pump operation. This parameter is only used if the control mode parameter is set to 2 or 3
for the specified heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 1 is the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the
heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat exchanger.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-10 Number of heat exchangers in WHR loop 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature to HX Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The inlet temperature of the fluid flowing through the non-WHR side of the specified heat exchanger. For heat
exchanger 1 (the primary heat exchanger) this inlet temperature is the cold-side inlet temperature. Heat
exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat exchanger.
2 Inlet flowrate to HX Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid flowing through the non-WHR side of the specified heat exchanger. For heat exchanger 1
(the primary heat exchanger), the inlet flowrate is the flowrate through the cold side of the primary heat
exchanger.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 Number of heat exchangers in WHR loop 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature of HX Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the non-WHR loop side of the specified heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 1
is the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat
exchanger.
2 Outlet flow rate from HX Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the non-WHR loop side of the specified heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 1 is the
primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the primary heat
exchanger.
3 Heat transfer rate across HX Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred between the fluid streams in the specified heat exchanger. Heat
exchanger 1 is the primary heat exchanger. Heat exchanger 2 is the heat exchanger closest downstream to the
primary heat exchanger.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-3 Number of heat exchangers in WHR loop 1 50

4–110
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4. HVAC

4.4.1. Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single

Effect)

4.4.1.1. Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single Effect)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 107

Proforma HVAC\Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single Effect)\Type107.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Rated capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The capacity of the machine at its rated condition (typically 30C (85 F) inlet cooling water temperature and 7C
(44 F) chilled water set point temperature). The data files associated with this model should be consistent with
the rating conditions.
2 Rated C.O.P. Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The COP of the chiller at its rated conditions (typically 30 C (85 F) inlet cooling water temperature and 7C (44
F) chilled water set point temperature). Make sure that the asociated files for this component are consistent
with the rating conditions.
3 Logical unit for S1 data file Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
The logical unit which will be ASSIGNed to the user-supplied data file containing the fraction of nominal
capacity and fraction of design energy input data as a function of the inlet hot water temperature, the inlet
cooling water temperature, the chilled water setpoint temperature, and the fraction of design load.
Number of HW temperatures in S1 data
4 Dimensionless - integer [2;20] 0
file
The number of hot water inlet temperatures for which catalog data is supplied in the data file.
5 Number of CW steps in S1 data file Dimensionless - integer [2;20] 0
The number of cooling water temperature steps contained in the required catalog data file.
Number of CHW set points in S1 data
6 Dimensionless - integer [2;20] 0
file
The number of chilled water setpoints for which catalog data is provided in the required data file (S1.dat).
7 Number of load fractions in S1 data file Dimensionless - integer [2;20] 0
The number of fractions of design load for which catalog data is provided in the required data file (S1.dat).
8 HW fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The specific heat of the fluid (typically hot water) which will be used by the absorption chiller as the energy
source for chiller operation.
9 CHW fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The specific heat of the chilled water stream flowing through the chiller.
10 CW fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The specific heat of the cooling water flow stream.
11 Auxiliary electrical power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0

4–111
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The auxiliary electrical power required by the absorption chiller while its operating (solution pumps, refrigerant
pumps, etc.)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Chilled water inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the chilled water stream entering the chiller.
2 Chilled water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The mass flow rate at which chilled water enters the chiller.
3 Cooling water inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature at which the cooling water flow stream enters the chiller.
4 Cooling water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The mass flow rate at which the cooling fluid (typically water) enters the chiller.
5 Hot water inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the inlet stream (typically hot water) which will be used as the energy source for chiller
operation.
6 Hot water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid (typically hot water) used as the energy source for chiller operation.
7 CHW set point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The set-point temperature for the chilled water stream. If the chiller has the capacity to meet the current load,
the chiller will modulate to meet the load and chilled water stream will leave at this temperature.
8 Chiller control signal Dimensionless - integer [0.0;1.0] 0
The control signal for the operation of the chiller. CTRL < 0.5 : chiller is OFF, CTRL >= 0.5 : chiller is ON

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Chilled water temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the chilled water stream exiting the chiller.
2 Chilled water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of the chilled water stream exiting the chiller.
3 Cooling water temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the cooling flow stream exiting the chiller.
4 Cooling water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The mass flow rate at which the cooling stream exits the chiller.
5 Hot water outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the hot water stream exiting the absorption chiller.
6 Hot water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid (typically hot water) exiting the chiller and used by the chiller for an energy source for
chiller operation.
7 Chilled water energy Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy was removed from the chilled water flow stream during the timestep.
8 Cooling water energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is rejected to the cooling water flow stream by the chiller
9 Hot water energy Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy was removed from the hot water flow in order to operate the absorption chiller.
10 Electrical energy required Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which electrical energy was required in order to operate the absorption chiller (solution pumps,
refrigerant pumps, etc.).

4–112
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Fraction of nominal capacity Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0

The fraction of nominal capacity available to the chiller at the current timestep. The fraction of nominal
capacity is interpolated from the required data file for this component (S1.dat) as a function of the entering
cooling water temperature, the chilled water set-point temperature, the hot water inlet temperature, and the
fraction of design load.
12 Fraction of design energy input Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
The fraction of design energy input required by the chiller at the current timestep. The fraction of the energy
input as compared to design conditions is interpolated from the required data file for this component (S1.dat)
as a function of the entering cooling water temperature, the fraction of design load to be met by the chiller at
the current timestep, the entering hot water temperature, and the chilled water set point temperature.
13 C.O.P Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The coefficient of performane (C.O.P.) of the chiller at current conditions. The C.O.P. for this model is defined
as the energy transferred from the chilled water stream divided by the sum of the electrical energy required by
the chiller and the energy provided to the chiller by the inlet hot water flow stream.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
File with fraction of design .\Examples\Data Files\Type107- Logical unit for S1
energy input data HotWaterFiredAbsorptionChiller.dat data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type107.for

4–113
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.2. Auxiliary Cooling Unit

4.4.2.1. Auxiliary Cooling Unit

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 92

Proforma HVAC\Auxiliary Cooling Unit\Type92.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Maximum cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Specific heat of fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
3 Overall loss coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
4 Cooling device efficiency dimensionless - real [0;1.0] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Control Function dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
4 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 0
5 Temperature of surroundings Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Outlet fluid flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Required cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Losses from the auxiliary cooling device Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Rate of energy removed Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–114
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.3. Auxiliary Heaters

4.4.3.1. Auxiliary Heaters

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 6

Proforma HVAC\Auxiliary Heaters\Type6.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Maximum heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
Maximum heating rate: The maximum possible energy transfer to the fluid stream. The maximum available
energy transfer to the fluid stream will be the product of the maximum possible energy transfer and the
conversion efficiency.
2 Specific heat of fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
Specific heat of fluid:
Overall loss coefficient for heater during
3 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
operation
The loss coefficient (UA) from the heater during operation:
During operation: Qloss = UA*(T-Tenv) + (1-efficiency)*Qmax
During non-operation: Qloss = 0
4 Efficiency of auxiliary heater Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The thermal conversion efficiency of the auxiliary heater.
Typical values: Electric Heater = 1.0 ; Natural Gas = 0.79

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
Inlet fluid temperature:
2 Fluid mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.;+Inf] 100.0
Inlet flow rate:
3 Control Function Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Control function:
Control function = 1 ---> Heater is on and providing energy to stream
Control function = 0 ---> Heater is off
The heater control function input requires either 1 or 0; proportional control signals (e.g. CF=0.53) will be
interpretted as heater=off!
4 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 20.0
Temperature of surroundings (Tenv): Qloss = UA*(T-Tenv) + (1-efficiency)*Qmax
5 Temperature of surroundings Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Outlet temperature:
If control=0 or mdot=0 or inlet temp > Tset then:
Tout = Tin

4–115
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Else
Tout = (Qmax*Eff + mCpTin + UATenv - UATin/2)/(mCp + UA/2)
Unless Tout > Tset then
Tout = Tset
2 Outlet fluid flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
Outlet flow rate: outlet flow rate = inlet flow rate
3 Required heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Required heating rate: The power needed to heat the fluid to the set point temperature including losses and
conversion inefficiencies.
If Qaux = Qmax; unless Tout > Tset
then Qaux = (mCp(Tset-Tin) + UA(T-Tenv))/efficiency
4 Losses from the auxiliary heater Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Losses from the heater: Qloss = UA(T-Tenv) + (1-efficiency)*Qmax
5 Rate of energy delivery to fluid stream Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Power to fluid stream: Qfluid = mCp*(Tout-Tin)

4–116
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.4. Conditioning Equipment

4.4.4.1. 1 Independent Variable

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 42

Proforma HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\1 Independent Variable\Type42c.tmf

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Value of dependent variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the specified dependent equipment performance variable.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of dependent variables 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the performance data? \TRNWIN\PERFORM.DAT Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type42.for

4–117
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.4.2. 2 Independent Variables

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 42

Proforma HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\2 Independent Variables\Type42b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 20
The logical unit through which the performance data will be read. Every external file that TRNSYS reads to or
writes from must be assigned a unique logical unit number in the TRNSYS input file.
2 Number of independent variables Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The number of independent variables on which the equipment performance is dependent.
3 Number of dependent variables Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
The number of dependent performance variables to be read from the external performance data file.
4 Number of values of 1st independent variable Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
The number of values of the first independent variable for which peformance data is supplied in the external
performance file.
5 Number of values of 2nd independent variable Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 5
The number of values of the second independent variable for which performance data is supplied in the
external performance data file.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control function Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
The control function for the equipment operation. The outputs from this component are simply the interpolated
values from the data file multiplied by this control function.
2 First independent variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of the first independent variable on which the equipment performance depends.
3 Second independent variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of the second independent variable on which the equipment performance depends.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Value of dependent variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the specified dependent equipment performance variable.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of dependent variables 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the performance data? \TRNWIN\PERFORM.DAT Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type42.for

4–118
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.4.3. 3 Independent Variables

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 42

Proforma HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\3 Independent Variables\Type42a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 20
The logical unit through which the performance data will be read. Every external file that TRNSYS reads to or
writes from must be assigned a unique logical unit number in the TRNSYS input file.
2 Number of independent variables Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
The number of independent variables on which the equipment performance is dependent.
3 Number of dependent variables Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
The number of dependent performance variables to be read from the external performance data file.
4 Number of values of 1st independent variable Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
The number of values of the first independent variable for which peformance data is supplied in the external
performance file.
5 Number of values of 2nd independent variable Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 5
The number of values of the second independent variable for which performance data is supplied in the
external performance data file.
6 Number of values of 3rd independent variable Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
The number of values of the third independent variable for which perormance data is supplied in the external
performance data file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Value of dependent variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the specified dependent equipment performance variable.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of dependent variables 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter

4–119
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Which file contains the performance data? Logical unit

Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type42.for

4–120
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.5. Cooling Coils

4.4.5.1. Detailed - Annular Fins

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 52

Proforma HVAC\Cooling Coils\Detailed\Annular Fins\Type52a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Calculation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The detailed cooling coil component may operate in one of two modes. In mode 1, the coil is assumed to be
either completely wet or completely dry. This mode tends to underpredict the total heat transfer. In mode 2, the
percentage of dry coil is determined using a detailed approach.
2 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of heat exchanger rows (passes). Four or more rows are recommended.
3 Number of tubes Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 4
The number of parallel tubes in each row of tubes.
4 Duct height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the duct parallel to the tubes (used as the tube length).
5 Duct width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The width of the cooling coil duct (perpendicular to tubes).
6 Outside tube diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.025
The outside diameter of the tubes containing the water stream.
7 Inside tube diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.02
The inside diameter of one of the identical tubes carrying the chilled water.
8 Tube thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 500.0
The thermal conductivity of the tube material.
9 Fin thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The thickness of an individual fin.
10 Fin spacing Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
The distance between individual fins.
11 Number of fins Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 25
The number of fins on one tube and one pass.
12 Fin thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 700.0
The thermal conductivity of the fin material.
13 Fin mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 2 indicates to the cooling coil model that annular fins are to be used.
Do not change this parameter.
14 Diameter at fin tip Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The diameter of the fin at the tip.
15 Tube spacing Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The distance between center lines of tube rows (parallel to air flow).

INPUTS

4–121
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Inlet dry-bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.
2 Air inlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.
3 Flow rate of air Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
the flow rate of air entering the cooling coil.
4 Inlet water temperature Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the chilled water entering the cooling coil.
5 Flow rate of water Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of chilled water entering the cooling coil.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb temperature of the air exiting the cooling coil.
2 Outlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio (kg's of H2O / kg of dry air) of the air exiting the cooling coil.
3 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of air exiting the cooling coil.
4 Outlet water temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the chilled water exiting the cooling coil.
5 Water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of chilled water exiting the cooling coil.
6 Total cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred from the air stream in the cooling coil.
7 Sensible cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which sensible energy is removed from the air stream in the cooling coil.
8 Latent cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which latent energy is removed from the moist air flow stream in the cooling coil.
9 Dry coil fraction Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0
The fraction of the coil surface area that is dry.
0.0 ---> Completely wet
1.0 ---> Completely dry
-1.0 ---> If simple analysis calculation mode is used (either wet or dry)

4–122
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.5.2. Detailed - Rectangular Fins

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 52

Proforma HVAC\Cooling Coils\Detailed\Rectangular Fins\Type52b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Calculation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The detailed cooling coil component may operate in one of two modes. In mode 1, the coil is assumed to be
either completely wet or completely dry. This mode tends to underpredict the total heat transfer. In mode 2, the
percentage of dry coil is determined using a detailed approach.
2 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of heat exchanger rows (passes). Four or more rows are recommended.
3 Number of tubes Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 4
The number of parallel tubes in each row of tubes.
4 Duct height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the duct parallel to the tubes (used as the tube length).
5 Duct width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The width of the cooling coil duct (perpendicular to tubes).
6 Outside tube diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.025
The outside diameter of the tubes containing the water stream.
7 Inside tube diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.02
The inside diameter of one of the identical tubes carrying the chilled water.
8 Tube thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 500.0
The thermal conductivity of the tube material.
9 Fin thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The thickness of an individual fin.
10 Fin spacing Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
The distance between individual fins.
11 Number of fins Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 25
The number of fins in the cooling coil circuit.
12 Fin thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 700.0
The thermal conductivity of the fin material.
13 Fin mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the cooling coil model that rectangular fins are to be used.
Do not change this parameter.
14 Center to center distance Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The center to center distance between rows of tubes (perpendicular to air flow).
15 Tube spacing Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The distance between center lines of tube rows (parallel to air flow).

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet dry-bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.

4–123
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2 Air inlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0

The wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.
3 Flow rate of air Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
the flow rate of air entering the cooling coil.
4 Inlet water temperature Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the chilled water entering the cooling coil.
5 Flow rate of water Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of chilled water entering the cooling coil.

4–124
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.5.3. Simplified

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 32

Proforma HVAC\Cooling Coils\Simplified\Type32.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of rows deep of the cooling coil (the number of possible air paths).
2 Number of coil circuits Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 4
The number of parallel cooling coil circuits (water flow tubes).
3 Coil face area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The face area of the coil (the area exposed to the entering air stream).
4 Inside tube diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.02
The inside diameter of one of the identical tubes carrying the chilled water.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet dry-bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.
2 Inlet wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling coil.
3 Flow rate of air Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
the flow rate of air entering the cooling coil.
4 Inlet water temperature Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the chilled water entering the cooling coil.
5 Flow rate of water Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of chilled water entering the cooling coil.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb temperature of the air exiting the cooling coil.
2 Outlet wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The wet bulb temperature of the air exiting the cooling coil.
3 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of air exiting the cooling coil.
4 Outlet water temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the chilled water exiting the cooling coil.
5 Water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of chilled water exiting the cooling coil.
6 Sensible cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which sensible energy is removed from the air stream in the cooling coil.
7 Latent cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which latent energy is removed from the moist air flow stream in the cooling coil.

4–125
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Total cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate at which energy is removed from the moist air stream in the cooling coil.

4–126
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.6. Cooling Towers

4.4.6.1. External Performance File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 51

Proforma HVAC\Cooling Towers\External Performance File\Type51a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Calculation mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 2 indicates to the general cooling tower component that the performance will be read
from an external data file.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Flow geometry Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The flow geometry for the cooling tower:
1 ---> Counterflow geometry
2 ---> Crossflow geometry
3 Number of tower cells Dimensionless - integer [1;8] 1
How many identical tower cells make up the cooling tower?
4 Maximum cell flow rate Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 40.0
The maximum volumetric air flow rate for each cell.
5 Fan power at maximum flow Power kW real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The power consumed by one cell fan at the maximum volumetric air flow rate specified.
6 Minimum cell flow rate Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The volumetric flow rate of air per cell below which the cell fan is turned off.
7 Sump volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [-1;+Inf] 1.0
The sump volume for the cooling tower. Set this parameter to -1 if a steady state analysis is to be used for the
sump temperature.
8 Initial sump temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The temperature of the sump at the beginning of the simulation.
9 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 23
The logical unit through which the tower performance data will be read. Each external file that TRNSYS reads
from or writes to must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file.
10 Number of data points Dimensionless - real [2;50] 10
The number of data points that will be read from the external cooling tower performance data file.
11 Print performance results? Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the results from the curve-fit and the performance data be written to the output file?
1 ---> Print the results to the output file
2 ---> Don't print the results

4–127
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flow rate of water entering the cooling tower.

3 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling tower.
4 Wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 12.0
The wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling tower.
5 Sump make-up temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the replacement water entering the sump.
6 Relative fan speed for cell Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.85
The relative fan speed (fraction of maximum volumetric flow) of the specified tower cell. Set this input to -1 if the
tower is operating in natural convection mode.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 Number of tower cells 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Sump temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the tower sump.
2 Sump flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of water exiting the tower sump.
3 Fan power required Power kW real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total fan power requirement for the cooling tower.
4 Heat rejection rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the air stream from the tower cells.
5 Cell outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The effective mixed outlet temperature of the water from the tower cells that is the inlet to the sump.
6 Water loss rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which water is evaporated into the air stream from the cooling tower cells.
7 Outlet air dry bulb Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The bulk dry bulb temperature of the air exiting the cooling tower.
8 Outlet air wet bulb Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The bulk wet bulb temperature of the air exiting the cooling tower.
9 Outlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The bulk humidity ratio (kg's of H2O / kg of dry air) of the air exiting the cooling tower.
10 Outlet air fow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of dry air exiting the cooling tower.
11 Change in internal energy Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the sump since the beginning of the simulation. The internal energy change
is an energy term and not an energy rate and therefore should not be integrated.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the cooling tower performance data? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type51.for

4–128
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.6.2. User-Supplied Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 51

Proforma HVAC\Cooling Towers\User-Supplied Coefficients\Type51b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Calculation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general cooling tower component that the user will supply the
coefficients of the mass transfer relationship to be used in the analysis.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Flow geometry Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The flow geometry for the cooling tower:
1 ---> Counterflow geometry
2 ---> Crossflow geometry
3 Number of tower cells Dimensionless - integer [1;8] 1
How many identical tower cells make up the cooling tower?
4 Maximum cell flow rate Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 40.0
The maximum volumetric air flow rate for each cell.
5 Fan power at maximum flow Power kW real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The power consumed by one cell fan at the maximum volumetric air flow rate specified.
6 Minimum cell flow rate Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The volumetric flow rate of air per cell below which the cell fan is turned off.
7 Sump volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [-1;+Inf] 1.0
The sump volume for the cooling tower. Set this parameter to -1 if a steady state analysis is to be used for the
sump temperature.
8 Initial sump temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The temperature of the sump at the beginning of the simulation.
9 Mass transfer constant Dimensionless - real [0.5;5.0] 2.3
The constant used in the relationship between flow rate and heat transfer coefficient.
10 Mass transfer exponent Dimensionless - real [-1.1;-0.35] -0.72
The exponent used in the relationship between the mass flow rate and the heat transfer coefficient.
11 Print performance results? Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the results from the curve-fit and the performance data be written to the output file?
1 ---> Print the results to the output file
2 ---> Don't print the results

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Water inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the water entering the cooling tower.
2 Inlet water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of water entering the cooling tower.
3 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling tower.
4 Wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 12.0

4–129
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The wet bulb temperature of the air entering the cooling tower.
5 Sump make-up temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the replacement water entering the sump.
6 Relative fan speed for cell Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.85
The relative fan speed (fraction of maximum volumetric flow) of the specified tower cell. Set this input to -1 if the
tower is operating in natural convection mode.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 Number of tower cells 1 50

4–130
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.7. Dual Source Heat Pumps

4.4.7.1. Dual Source Heat Pumps

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 20

Proforma HVAC\Dual Source Heat Pumps\Type20.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Liquid source specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid from the liquid source.
2 Flow rate of liquid source Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the liquid source when the pump is operating. This component includes a pump and controller
and therefore sets the flow for the liquid source loop.
3 Effectiveness-Cmin product Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The effectiveness-Cmin product of the heat exchanger used for direct liquid source heating. The effectiveness
of a heat exchanger is defined as the ratio of heat transfer across the heat exchanger to the maximum
possible heat transfer across the heat exchanger. The effectiveness therefore must be between 0 and 1. Cmin
is defined as the minimum capacitance rate (flow rate * specific heat) of the two fluids flowing through the heat
exchanger. The effectiveness-Cmin product is used to calculate the heat transfer to the room air when the
heat pump is in direct liquid source heating mode:
Qroom = EffCmin*(Tin - Troom)
(See manual for further information on equation)
Minimum temperature for direct liquid
4 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
heating
The minimum temperature of the liquid source supply stream necessary to operate the heat pump in direct
liquid source heating mode.
Mimimum source temperature for
5 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
liquid operation
The minimum temperature of the liquid supply necessary to operate the dual source heat pump using the
liquid source.
Minimum ambient temperature for air
6 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
operation
The minimum ambient air temperature required to operate the dual source heat pump using the air source.
7 Logical unit for liquid source data Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 15
The logical unit through which the liquid source heat pump data is to be accessed. Each data file that
TRNSYS opens must be assigned a unique logical unit.
8 Logical unit for air source data Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 16
The logical unit through which the air source heat pump data is to be accessed. Each external file that
TRNSYS opens must be assigned to a unique logical unit.
9 Nb. of liquid source data points Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5
The number of evaporator inlet temperature points contained in the external data file. For each evaporator
inlet temperature, corresponding values of heat pump capacity, energy absorbed by the evaporator, and
electrical energy consumption. The data is read in in free format, but must be input in a special order. The first
values in the data file must be the evaporator temperatures in increasing order. Next are values of capacity,
energy absorbed, and electrical input at the lowest evaporator temperature; followed by values at the next
evaporator temperature, etc.
10 Nb. of air source data points Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5

4–131
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The number of evaporator inlet temperature points contained in the external data file. For each evaporator
inlet temperature, corresponding values of heat pump capacity, energy absorbed by the evaporator, and
electrical energy consumption. The data is read in in free format, but must be input in a special order. The first
values in the data file must be the evaporator temperatures in increasing order. Next are values of capacity,
energy absorbed, and electrical input at the lowest evaporator temperature; followed by values at the next
evaporator temperature, etc.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Liquid source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the liquid source stream.
2 Flow rate of liquid source stream Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid returning to the dual source heat pump from the liquid source. This input is used for
convergence checking only! The dual source heat pump component includes a pump that sets the flow rate for
the liquid loop. This input if for convenience only.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the ambient air.
4 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the room to which the heat pump supplies energy.
5 Heating control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The global control on the dual source heat pump.
0 = heat pump is off regardless of operating conditions
1 = heat pump is able to operate if the conditions dictate

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature to heat source Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid returning to the liquid source.
2 Flow rate to liquid source. Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid returning to the liquid source. The flow rate is calculated by the dual source heat pump
routine based on the parameter-specified flow rate and an internal control signal. This routine sets the flow for
the liquid source loop!
3 Heat transfer to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred to the room by the dual source heat pump component.
4 Heat transfer by direct liquid source heating Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred across the heat exchanger to the room by direct liquid source heating.
5 Energy absorbed by evaporator Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is absorbed by the evaporator of the dual source heat pump.
6 Electrical energy requirement Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which electrical energy is required by the dual source heat pump to operate.
7 COP Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The Coefficient of Performance of the dual source heat pump. The COP is defined as:
Energy supplied to room / energy required to operate heat pump
8 Heating mode Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The heating mode that the dual source heat pump operated in during the timestep.
1 = Direct liquid source heating mode
2 = Liquid source heat pump heating mode
3 = Ambient air source heat pump heating mode
4 = No heating

EXTERNAL FILES

4–132
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Question File Associated parameter

Which file contains the liquid source heat pump data? Logical unit for liquid source data
Which file contains the air source heat pump data? Logical unit for air source data
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type20.for

4–133
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.8. Furnace

4.4.8.1. Humidity Ratio Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 121

Proforma HVAC\Furnace\Humidity Ratio Inputs\Type121a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the inlet absolute humidity ration (mode=1) or the percent rel;ative humidity
input will be used to calculate the inlet moist air state to this device.
2 Surface area Area m^2 real [0.;+Inf] 0
The surface area to be used for thermal losses from the device.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the auxiliary heater.
2 Inlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the auxiliary heater device.
3 Not used (RH) Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the auxiliary heater device.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of dry air entering the auxiliary heater.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.0] 0
The absolute pressure of the air entering the device.
6 Heating capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The maximum rate at which energy can be provided to the device in order to elevate the temperature of the air
stream. This value includes the efficiency effects so the actual maximum heat transfer is less than that
provided.
7 Heat loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The heat transfer coefficient (U-value) from the device to its surroundings.
8 Efficiency (fraction) Percentage Fraction real [0.0;1.0] 0
The efficiency of the device in converting fuel to heat. Typical values: 1=Electric resistance, 0.7 to 0.9=Natural
gas, propane etc.
9 Control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1
The control function for the device. 0 = Off, 1 = Running at full capacity unless restrained by the outlet
temperature setpoint, 0 < x
10 Air-side pressure drop Pressure atm real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The pressure drop across the device for the air flow stream.
11 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of surroundings for loss calculations
12 Setpoint temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–134
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The maximum outlet temperature of the air exiting the device.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature (dry-bulb) of the air exiting the device.
2 Outlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the air exiting the device.
3 Outlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air exiting the device.
4 Outlet air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of dry air exiting the device.
5 Outlet air pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute pressure of the air exiting the device.
6 Required heating Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy must be supplied to the device in order to heat the air to its outlet temperature;
including the effects of losses and conversion inefficiencies.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Losses from the device to its surroundings (UA losses).
8 Fluid energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the air stream as it passes through the device.

4–135
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.8.2. RH Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 121

Proforma HVAC\Furnace\RH Inputs\Type121b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter indicates whether the inlet absolute humidity ration (mode=1) or the percent rel;ative humidity
input will be used to calculate the inlet moist air state to this device.
2 Surface area Area m^2 real [0.;+Inf] 0
The surface area to be used for thermal losses from the device.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the auxiliary heater.
2 Not used (w) Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the auxiliary heater device.
3 Inlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the auxiliary heater device.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of dry air entering the auxiliary heater.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.0] 0
The absolute pressure of the air entering the device.
6 Heating capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The maximum rate at which energy can be provided to the device in order to elevate the temperature of the air
stream. This value includes the efficiency effects so the actual maximum heat transfer is less than that
provided.
7 Heat loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The heat transfer coefficient (U-value) from the device to its surroundings.
8 Efficiency (fraction) Percentage Fraction real [0.0;1.0] 0
The efficiency of the device in converting fuel to heat. Typical values: 1=Electric resistance, 0.7 to 0.9=Natural
gas, propane etc.
9 Control function Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1
The control function for the device. 0 = Off, 1 = Running at full capacity unless restrained by the outlet
temperature setpoint, 0 < x
10 Air-side pressure drop Pressure atm real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The pressure drop across the device for the air flow stream.
11 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of surroundings for loss calculations
12 Setpoint temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The maximum outlet temperature of the air exiting the device.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–136
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Outlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature (dry-bulb) of the air exiting the device.
2 Outlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the air exiting the device.
3 Outlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air exiting the device.
4 Outlet air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of dry air exiting the device.
5 Outlet air pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute pressure of the air exiting the device.
6 Required heating Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy must be supplied to the device in order to heat the air to its outlet temperature;
including the effects of losses and conversion inefficiencies.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Losses from the device to its surroundings (UA losses).
8 Fluid energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the air stream as it passes through the device.

4–137
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.9. Parallel Chillers

4.4.9.1. Parallel Chillers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 53

Proforma HVAC\Parallel Chillers\Type53.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Overall motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.85
The overall motor plus gearbox efficiency for an individual chiller.
2 Single chiller capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 5000.0
The maximum cooling capacity for an individual chiller.
3 Chiller surge limit Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The minimum cooling capacity (surge limit) for an individual chiller.
4 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 24
The logical unit through which the chiller performance data will be accessed. Every external file that TRNSYS
writes to or reads from must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file.
5 Number of data points Dimensionless - integer [6;100] 10
The number of chiller performance data points that are to be read from the external data file.
6 Design load for data Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 8000.0
The specified design load with which the data is normalized.
7 Design temperature difference Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 15.0
The specified temperature difference between the condenser water outlet and the evaporator water outlet with
which the data is normalized.
8 Design power consumption Power kW real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The power consumption associated with the design condition parameters with which the data is normalized.
9 Condenser water specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the water flowing through the condenser of the chiller.
10 Evaporator water specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the water flowing through the evaporator of the chiller.
11 Print indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the results of the curve-fit of the performance data be written to the output file?
1 ---> Print performance data and curve-fit results
2 ---> Do not print performance data or curve-fit results

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Chilled water set temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The set point temperature for the chilled water.
2 Evaporator inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the water entering the evaporator of the chiller.
3 Evaporator flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of water entering the evaporator of the chiller.

4–138
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Condenser inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0

The temperature of the water entering the condenser of the chiller.
5 Condenser flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of water entering the condenser of the chiller.
6 Number of operating chillers Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 3
The number of chillers that are operating during the current timestep.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Evaporator outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the water exiting the evaporator of the chiller.
2 Evaporator outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of water exiting the evaporator of the chiller.
3 Condenser outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the water exiting the condenser of the chiller.
4 Condenser outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of water exiting the condenser of the chiller.
5 Chilled water load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total load that was met by the parallel chillers.
6 Total chiller power Power kW real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total power required by the parallel chillers to meet the load.
7 Total heat rejection Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total rate at which heat is rejected to the condensers of the chillers.
8 COP Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average coefficient of performance of the parallel chillers over the timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the chiller performance data? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type53.for

4–139
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.10. Part Load Performance

4.4.10.1. Linear with Load

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 43

Proforma HVAC\Part Load Performance\Linear with Load\Type43b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Slope of PLR function Dimensionless - real [-Inf;0.0] -1.0
The slope (rise over run) of the linear part load factor versus 1/duty cycle relationship. The Y-intercept of the
line is assumed to be 1.0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Energy to meet the load Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate that energy must be supplied to meet the load.
2 Full load capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The full load capacity of the heating or cooling equipment at the current operating conditions.
3 Full load efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The full load efficiency or COP of the heating or cooling equipment at the current operating conditions.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Energy removal rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Th rate at which energy is removed or delivered by the heating or cooling equipment.
2 Purchased energy rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is purchased to operate the heating or cooling equipment.
3 Part load factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The part load factor for the heating or cooling equipment. The part load factor is defined as the ratio of the part
load to full load efficiencies.
4 Operating efficiency Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average operating efficiency (or COP) of the heating or cooling equipment.

4–140
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.4.10.2. Performance from External File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 43

Proforma HVAC\Part Load Performance\Performance from External File\Type43a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 21
The logical unit through which the part load performance data will be read. Every external file that TRNSYS
reads to or writes from must be assigned a unique logical unit number in the TRNSYS input file.
2 Number of data points Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 10
The number of part load performance data points contained in the exernal data file.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains part-load performance data? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type43.for

4–141
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5. Hydrogen Systems

4.5.1. Compressed Gas Storage

4.5.1.1. Hydrogen - Ideal Gas

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 164

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Compressed Gas Storage\Hydrogen\Ideal Gas\Type164a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Pressure mode (1=ideal, 2=real)
2 PMAX Pressure bar real [0;500] 200
Maximum allowable pressure
3 VOL Volume m^3 real [1;100000] 1E4
Actual volume of pressure tank
4 MOLAR Molar Weight g/mol real [0;100000] 2.016
Molar weight of gas

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 VDOT_IN Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;100000] 5
Inlet gas flow rate
2 VDOT_OUT Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/s real [0;100000] 5
Outlet gas flow rate
3 TGAS Temperature C real [0;100] 20
Temperature of gas
4 PLEV_INI dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.4
Initial pressure level

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 VGAS any Nm^3 real [0;1000000] 0
Volume of gas stored in tank (1 Nm3 = 1 Normal cubic meter at 0°C and 1 bar)
2 PGAS Pressure bar real [0;1000000] 0
Pressure of gas in tank
3 PLEV dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Pressure level in tank
4 VDOT_DUMP Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/s real [0;1000000] 0
Dumped gas (through high pressure safety valve)

4–142
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.1.2. Hydrogen - Real Gas

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 164

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Compressed Gas Storage\Hydrogen\Real Gas\Type164b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Pressure mode (1=ideal gas, 2=real gas)
2 PMAX Pressure bar real [0;700] 200
Maximum allowable pressure
3 VOL Volume m^3 real [1;10000] 1E4
Actual volume of pressure vessel
4 MOLAR Molar Weight g/mol real [0;1000000] 2.016
Molar weight of gas
5 TCR Temperature C real [-273;1000000] -240
Criitical temperature of gas
6 PCR dimensionless - real [0;1000000] 12.9
Critical pressure of gas

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 VDOT_IN Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;1000000] 5
Gas flow into storage tank
2 VDOT_OUT Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;1000000] 5
Gas flow out of storage tank
3 TGAS Temperature C real [0;100] 20
Temperature of gas
4 PLEV_INI dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.4
Initial pressure level

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 VGAS any Nm^3 real [0;1000000] 0
Volume of gas stored in tank (1 Nm3 = 1 Normal cubic meter at 0°C and 1 bar)
2 PGAS Pressure bar real [0;1000000] 0
Pressure in gas tank
3 PLEV dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Pressure level in gas tank
4 VDOT_DUMP Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;1000000] 0
Gas flow vented to ambient (through high pressure safety valve)

4–143
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.2. Compressor

4.5.2.1. Compressor

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 167

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Compressor\Type167.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 NPAR Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 0
2 STAGES dimensionless - integer [1;5] 0
3 C_P any any real [0;+inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
2 P_IN Pressure BAR real [0;1000] 0
3 P_OUT Pressure BAR real [0;1300] 0
4 T_LOW Temperature C real [0;500] 0
5 V_IN Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;10000] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 P_COMP Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
2 Q_COOL Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
3 T_HIGH Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
4 V_OUT Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
5 ETA_ISEN dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
6 P2 Pressure BAR real [0;+Inf] 0
7 P3 Pressure BAR real [0;+Inf] 0
8 P4 Pressure BAR real [0;+Inf] 0
9 P5 Pressure BAR real [0;+Inf] 0

4–144
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.3. Controllers

4.5.3.1. Electrolyzer - Constant Power Mode

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 100

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Electrolyzer\Constant Power Mode\Type100b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
Power mode (1=variable power, 2=fixed power)
2 EL_LOW dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.2
H2-storage level at which the electrolyzer is to be switched ON
3 EL_UP Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.8
H2-storage level at which electrolyzer is to be switched OFF
4 PIDLE Power W real [0;+inf] 400
Minimum allowable idling power for electrolyzer (usually 20% of rated power)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SOC Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.2
H2-storage 'state of charge' (normalized pressure level)
2 POWER Power W real [0;2000000] 1000
Power to electrolyzer
Mode 1: Excess power on mini-grid ; Mode 2: Full electrolyzer power

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
Control signal (0=Idle, 1=full or variable power)
Note!
Care must be taken when directing this control signal to the electrolyzer. This control signalshould not always
be connected to the electrolyzer. Instead the power set pointsignal (output#2) should be used instead.
2 P_SP Power W real [0;2000000] 0
Power set point signal
Note!
The electrolyzers are connected to the mini-grid via power conditioning equipment. Hence, the power set point
signal should be directed to this equipment, and not to the electrolyzer itself.

4–145
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.3.2. Electrolyzer - Variable Power Mode

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 100

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Electrolyzer\Variable Power Mode\Type100a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 MODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Power mode (1=variable power, 2=fixed power)
2 EL_LOW dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.2
H2-storage level at which the electrolyzer is to be switched ON
3 EL_UP dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.8
H2-storage level at which electrolyzer is to be switched OFF
4 PIDLE Power W real [0;+inf] 400
Minimum allowable idling power for electrolyzer (usually 20% of rated power)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SOC dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.2
H2-storage 'state of charge' (normalized pressure level)
2 POWER Power W real [0;2000000] 1000
Power to electrolyzer
Mode 1: Excess power on mini-grid
Mode 2: Full electrolyzer power

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
Control signal (0=Idle, 1=full or variable power)
Note!
Care must be taken when directing this control signal to the electrolyzer.
This control signalshould not always be connected to the electrolyzer.
Instead the power set pointsignal (output#2) should be used instead.
2 P_SP Power W real [0;2000000] 0
Power set point signal
Note!
The electrolyzers are connected to the mini-grid via power conditioning equipment.
Hence, the power set point signal should be directed to this equipment, and not to the electrolyzer
itself.

4–146
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.3.3. Master Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 105

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Master Control\Type105a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 NMIN dimensionless - integer [0;5] 1
Minimum allowable number of DEGS in operation
2 NMAX dimensionless - integer [0;5] 0.2
Maximum allowable number of DEGS in operation
3 DEGSMAX Power W real [1;+Inf] 0
Rated power of each DEGS
4 PFCMIN Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Fuel cell idling power
5 PFCMAX Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated fuel cell power
6 PELYMIN Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Electrolyzer idling power
7 PELYMAX Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Rated electrolyzer power
8 EL_UP any % real [0;100] 0
Upper SOC limit (H2-storage), i.e., ELY switched OFF (idle)
9 EL_LOW any % real [0;100] 0
Lower SOC limit (H2-storage), i.e., ELY switched ON after having been idling
10 FC_UP any % real [0;100] 0
Upper SOC limit (H2-storage), i.e., FC switched ON after having been idling
11 FC_LOW any % real [0;100] 0
Lower SOC limit (H2-storage), i.e., FC switched OFF (idle)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PLOAD Power W real [1;+Inf] 0
Power demand (user load)
2 PWECS Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from WECS
3 SOC any any real [0;1] 0
State of Charge (H2-storage)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 PELY Power W real [1;+Inf] 0
Power to electrolyzer
2 PFC Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from fuel cell

4–147
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 PDEGStot Power W real [0;+Inf] 0

Total power from DEGS
4 PDEGS1 Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power from one single DEGS
5 NDEGS dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
Total number of identical DEGS in parallel operation
6 PDUMP Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Power dumped (from the busbar)
7 S_ELY dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Electrolyzer control state (0=OFF, 1=ON)
8 S_FC dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
Fuel Cell control state (0=OFF, 1=ON)

4–148
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.4. Electrolyzer

4.5.4.1. Advanced Alkaline - TMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 160

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=1\Type160a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 TMODE dimensionless - real [1;1] 1
Temperature mode.
TMODE=1. T is given as input (input #7)
TMODE=2. T is calculated based on a simple quasi-static thermal model
TMODE=3. T is calculated based on a complex lumped capacitance thermal model
2 AREA Area m^2 real [0.005;1] 0.25
Area of electrode
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;200] 70
Number of cells in series per stack
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;10] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per unit
5 IDMAX any any real [0;1000] 1700
Maximum alllowable current density per stack
6 TMAX Temperature C real [0;100] 85
Maximum allowable operating temperature
7 UCMIN Voltage V real [1.229;2.2] 130
Minimum allowable cell voltage
8 R_T Thermal Resistance Thermal Resistance real [0;1000] 167
Thermal resistance.
Note! Only needed when using one of the two thermal models (TMODE=2 or 3)
9 TAU_T Time hr real [0;500] 29
Thermal time constant, TAU_T = C_T * R_T
(See manual for further information on equation)
10 ELYTYPE Dimensionless - integer [1;20] 4
Type of electrolyzer listed in external file
11 Logical Unit for data file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 60
Logical unit for external file with electrolyzer parameters

4–149
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 PELY Pressure bar real [1;100] 30

Electrolyzer pressure
Constant pressure is assumed; The main equations in the model are based on a constant pressure .
4 TROOM Temperature C real [0;40] 20
Ambient (or room) temperature
5 TCOOLIN Temperature C real [5;20] 15
Temperature of inlet cooling water
6 VCOOL Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;1] 0.25
Volumetric flow rate of cooling water
7 TELY Temperature C real [0;100] 80
Temperature of electrolyzer.
The temperature is given as input #7 when running in TMODE=1

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 IELY_OUT Electric current A real [0;+inf] 0
Current drawn by electrolyzer
2 UELY Voltage V real [0;+inf] 0
Total voltage across electrolyzer
3 PTOT Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Total power drawn by electrolyzer
4 VDOT_H2 Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+inf] 0
Hydrogen production rate
5 VDOT_O2 Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+inf] 0
Oxygen production rate
6 ETA_TOT dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Overall efficiency
7 ETA_E dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Energy efficiency
8 ETA_F dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Faraday efficiency (i.e., current efficiency)
9 QGEN Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Heat generated by electrolyzer
10 QLOSS Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Heat losses from electrolyzer to ambient
11 QCOOL Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Auxiliary cooling
12 QSTORE Power W real [0;+inf] 0
Energy stotage rate
13 TELY Temperature C real [0;100] 0
Electrolyzer temperature
14 TCOOLOUT Temperature C real [0;100] 0
Temperature of cooling water outlet
15 IDENSITY any any real [0;10000] 0
Electrical current densisty
16 UCELL Voltage V real [0;2] 0
Voltage across a single cell

4–150
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

17 UREV Voltage V real [0;2] 0

Reversible voltage for a single cell
18 UTN Voltage V real [0;2] 0
Thermoneutral voltage for a single cell

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with electrolyzer parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type160-Electrolyzer.dat Logical Unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type160.for

4–151
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.4.2. Advanced Alkaline - TMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 160

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=2\Type160b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 TMODE dimensionless - real [2;2] 1
Temperature mode.
TMODE=1. T is given as input (input #7)
TMODE=2. T is calculated based on a simple quasi-static thermal model
TMODE=3. T is calculated based on a complex lumped capacitance thermal model
2 AREA Area m^2 real [0.005;1] 0.25
Area of electrode
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;200] 70
Number of cells in series per stack
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;10] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per unit
5 IDMAX any any real [0;1000] 1700
Maximum alllowable current density per stack
6 TMAX Temperature C real [0;100] 85
Maximum allowable operating temperature
7 UCMIN Voltage V real [1.229;2.2] 130
Minimum allowable cell voltage
8 R_T Thermal Resistance K/W real [0;1000] 167
Thermal resistance.
Note! Only needed when using one of the two thermal models (TMODE=2 or 3)
9 TAU_T Time hr real [0;500] 29
Thermal time constant, TAU_T = C_T * R_T
(See manual for further information on equation)
10 ELYTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;20] 4
Type of electrolyzer listed in external file
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 60
Logical unit for external file with electrolyzer parameters

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - real [0;1] 1
Electrolyzer operating switch
0=OFF
1=ON
2 IELY Electric current A real [0;2500] 100
Current through single electrolyzer stack
3 PELY Pressure bar real [1;100] 30
Electrolyzer pressure
Constant pressure is assumed; The main equations in the model are based on a constant pressure .
4 TROOM Temperature C real [0;40] 20

4–152
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Ambient (or room) temperature

5 TCOOLIN Temperature C real [5;20] 15
Temperature of inlet cooling water
6 VCOOL Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;1] 0.25
Volumetric flow rate of cooling water
7 TELYINI Temperature C real [0;100] 80
Initial electrolyzer temperature

4–153
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File with electrolyzer parameters .\Examples\Data Files\Type160-Electrolyzer.dat Logical unit for data file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type160.for

4–154
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.4.3. Advanced Alkaline - TMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 160

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=3\Type160c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 TMODE dimensionless - real [3;3] 1
Temperature mode.
TMODE=1. T is given as input (input #7)
TMODE=2. T is calculated based on a simple quasi-static thermal model
TMODE=3. T is calculated based on a complex lumped capacitance thermal model
2 AREA Area m^2 real [0.005;1] 0.25
Area of electrode
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;200] 70
Number of cells in series per stack
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;10] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per unit
5 IDMAX any any real [0;1000] 1700
Maximum alllowable current density per stack
6 TMAX Temperature C real [0;100] 85
Maximum allowable operating temperature
7 UCMIN Voltage V real [1.229;2.2] 130
Minimum allowable cell voltage
8 R_T Thermal Resistance K/W real [0;1000] 167
Thermal resistance.
Note! Only needed when using one of the two thermal models (TMODE=2 or 3)
9 TAU_T Time hr real [0;500] 29
Thermal time constant, TAU_T = C_T * R_T
(See manual for further information on equation)
10 ELYTYPE dimensionless - integer [1;20] 4
Type of electrolyzer listed in external file
11 Logical unit for data file dimensionless - integer [30;999] 60
Logical unit for external file with electrolyzer parameters

4–155
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Ambient (or room) temperature

4–156
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–157
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5. Fuel Cells

4.5.5.1. AFC - Air-H2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 173

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\AFC\Air-H2\Type173a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 NMSER dimensionless - integer [1;100] 8000
Number of FC modules in series per stack. NMSER gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
3 NSPAR dimensionless - integer [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
4 A_ELEC Area cm^2 real [25;2500] 0
Electrode area.
5 ETA_F dimensionless dimensionless real [0;1] 0.018
Faraday efficiency = current efficiency.
6 U_O Voltage V real [0;7.374] 0
I-U curve coefficient #1: Open circuit voltage (on a per FC module basis).
7 B_Tafel any V/dec real [0;1] 0
I-U curve coefficient #2: Tafel slope (on a per FC module basis)
8 R_OHM any ohm real [0;10] 0
I-U curve coefficient #3: Resistance (on a per FC module basis).
9 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.229] 0
Minimum cell voltage limit.

4–158
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

In practical systems some excess H2 is needed to assure a complete reaction.

Example: 15% excess H2 fed to the anode equals as a stoichiometric ratio of 1.15
7 S_O2 dimensionless dimensionless real [1;5] 0
Stoichiometric ratio for oxygen (O2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess air or oxygen is needed to compete the reaction.
Example: 150% excess oxygen to the cathode gives a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5

4–159
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.2. AFC - O2-H2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 173

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\AFC\O2-H2\Type173b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 NMSER dimensionless - integer [1;100] 8000
Number of FC modules in series per stack. NMSER gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
3 NSPAR dimensionless - integer [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
4 A_ELEC Area cm^2 real [25;2500] 0
Electrode area.
5 ETA_F dimensionless dimensionless real [0;1] 0.018
Faraday efficiency = current efficiency.
6 U_O Voltage V real [0;7.374] 0
I-U curve coefficient #1: Open circuit voltage (on a per FC module basis).
7 B_Tafel any V/dec real [0;1] 0
I-U curve coefficient #2: Tafel slope (on a per FC module basis)
8 R_OHM any ohm real [0;10] 0
I-U curve coefficient #3: Resistance (on a per FC module basis).
9 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.229] 0
Minimum cell voltage limit.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
ON/OFF Switch. 0 = OFF, 1 = ON.
2 IFC Electric current A real [0.01;5000] 90
Total electrical current provided by FC unit.
3 TSTACK Temperature C real [10;70] 80
Nominal operating temperature for FC stack.
4 p_H2 Pressure BAR real [1;1] 3.014
Hydrogen inlet pressure.
5 p_O2 Pressure BAR real [1;1] 3.014
Inlet pressure on cathode side (Oxygen).
6 S_H2 dimensionless - real [1;1.5] 2
Stoichiometric ratio for hydrogen (H2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum H2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess H2 is needed to assure a complete reaction.
Example: 15% excess H2 fed to the anode equals as a stoichiometric ratio of 1.15
7 S_O2 dimensionless dimensionless real [1;5] 0
Stoichiometric ratio for oxygen (O2).

4–160
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.

In practical systems some excess air or oxygen is needed to compete the reaction.
Example: 150% excess oxygen to the cathode gives a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5

4–161
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.3. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\Type170a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 A_CELL Area cm^2 real [30;15000] 0
Cross-sectional area of a single fuel cell.
A single FC consists of an MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates. Note: A_CELL > A_PEM.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Anode = Membrane Electrode Assembly).
13 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

4–162
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thickness of one single fuel cell.

One single FC conists of an MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_CELL >> T_PEM.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
ON/OFF Switch.
0 = OFF
1 = ON.
2 IFC Electric current A real [0.01;5000] 90
Total electrical current provided by fuel cell unit.
3 TSTACKin Temperature C real [10;90] 80
Set point temperature for FC stack.
TMODE=1: Constant temperature where TSTACKin = TSTACKout.
TMODE=2. Calculated temperature: TSTACKin = TSTACKsetpoint
4 p_H2_in Pressure BAR real [0.1;10] 3.014
Hydrogen inlet pressure.
5 p_O2_in Pressure BAR real [0.1;20] 3.014
Inlet pressure on cathode side (Oxygen or Air).
6 S_H2 dimensionless - real [1;1.5] 2
Stoichiometric ratio for hydrogen (H2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum H2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess H2 is needed to assure a complete reaction.
Example: 15% excess H2 fed to the anode equals as a stoichiometric ratio of 1.15
7 S_O2 dimensionless dimensionless real [1;5] 0
Stoichiometric ratio for oxygen (O2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess air or oxygen is needed to compete the reaction.
Example: 150% excess oxygen to the cathode gives a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5
8 Tamb Temperature C real [0;60] 25
Ambient air temperature.
The air directly surrounding the FC stack is usually the air in a room or a container.
9 TCWin Temperature C real [0;30] 15
Cooling water inlet temperature.
10 DELTATCW Temperature C real [5;30] 20
Temperature rise in cooling water, as it passes through the fuel cell.
DELTATCW=TCWout-TCWout
11 Xevap dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.25
Evaporation rate of process water produced in the fuel cell

4–163
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Ucell Voltage V real [0.1;1.5] 0

Voltage per cell.
6 V_H2 Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total hydrogen consumption in Nm3/hr.
1 Nm3 = 1 normal cubic meter = 1 cubic meter of gas at 1 bar and 0°C.
7 V_air Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.
1 Nm3 = 1 Normal cubic meter = 1 cubic meter at 1 bar and 0°C.
8 Q_gen Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat generated by FC unit.
9 Q_cool Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary cooling demand for FC unit.
10 Q_loss Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat loss to the ambient
11 Q_evap Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat lossed due to evaporation.
12 Q_heat Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary heating demand for FC unit.
13 V_cool Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total required cooling water flow rate for FC unit.
14 TSTACKout Temperature C real [0;100] 0
Average FC stack temperature over last time step.
TMODE=1. Constant temperature: TSTACKout = TSTACKin (INPUT #3).
TMODE=2. Calculated temperature: TSTACKout = (TNEW+TOLD)/2.
15 R_t any K/W real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.
R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–164
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.4. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=2

TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=2\Type170b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM (dummy) Area cm^2 real [232;232] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL. Not needed in RTCTMODE=2.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [2;2] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 H_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Height of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)
13 W_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Width of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)

4–165
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

Thickness of one singel fuel cell, where a cell consists of a MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates.
T_CELL >> T_PEM.
15 H_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Height of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. H_CELL > H_PEM.
16 W_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Width of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. W_CELL > W_PEM
17 T_PLATE Length cm real [0.25;10] 0
Thickness of end plate (supporting plate) of PEMFC-stack
18 H_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Height of end plate, i.e., one side of a rectangular end plate. H_PLATE > H_CELL
19 W_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Width of end plate, i.e., one side of rectangular end plate. W_PLATE > W_CELL
20 K_CELL Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [5;50] 0
Thermal conductivity of cell material (graphite is default).
21 RHO_CELL (dummy) Density kg/m^3 real [2250;2250] 0
Density of cell material (graphite is default). Not needed in TMODE=1.
22 CP_CELL (dummy) Specific Heat J/kg.K real [710;710] 0
Specific heat of cell material (graphite is default). Not needed in TMODE=1.
23 K_PLATE Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [10;200] 0
Thermal conductivity of end plate material (stainless steel is default)
24 RHOPLATE (dummy) Density kg/m^3 real [7850;7850] 0
Density of end plate material (stainless steel is default). Not needed in TMODE=1.
25 CP_PLATE (dummy) Specific Heat J/kg.K real [450;450] 0
Specific heat of end plate material (stainless steel is default). Not needed in TMODE=1.

4–166
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.

In practical systems some excess air or oxygen is needed to compete the reaction.
Example: 150% excess oxygen to the cathode gives a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5
8 Tamb Temperature C real [0;60] 25
Ambient air temperature.
The air directly surrounding the FC stack is usually the air in a room or a container.
9 TCWin Temperature C real [0;30] 15
Cooling water inlet temperature.
10 DELTATCW Temperature C real [5;30] 20
Temperature rise in cooling water, as it passes through the fuel cell.
DELTATCW=TCWout-TCWout
11 Xevap dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.25
Evaporation rate of process water produced in the fuel cell

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 P_FC Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total power output from FC unit.
2 Ustack Voltage V real [0;+Inf] 0
Voltage across each FC stack in parallel = Voltage across terminals of FC unit.
3 eta_e dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
Energy efficiency.
4 IFC_D Current density mA/cm^2 real [0.1;2000] 0
Current density = Electrical current per square unit of area (cross-sectional area of PEM).
5 Ucell Voltage V real [0.1;1.5] 0
Voltage per cell.
6 V_H2 Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total hydrogen consumption in Nm3/hr.
1 Nm3 = 1 normal cubic meter = 1 cubic meter of gas at 1 bar and 0°C.
7 V_air Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.
1 Nm3 = 1 Normal cubic meter = 1 cubic meter at 1 bar and 0°C.
8 Q_gen Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat generated by FC unit.
9 Q_cool Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary cooling demand for FC unit.
10 Q_loss Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat loss to the ambient
11 Q_evap Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat lossed due to evaporation.
12 Q_heat Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary heating demand for FC unit.
13 V_cool Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total required cooling water flow rate for FC unit.
14 TSTACKout Temperature C real [0;100] 0
Average FC stack temperature over last time step.
TMODE=1. Constant temperature: TSTACKout = TSTACKin (INPUT #3).
TMODE=2. Calculated temperature: TSTACKout = (TNEW+TOLD)/2.
15 R_t any K/W real [0;+Inf] 0

4–167
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–168
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.5. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=3\Type170c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [3;3] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 Rt any K/W real [0.010;1.0] 0
Thermal resistance for a single FC stack. Rt = 1/UA, where UA = overall heat loss coefficient
12 Ct (dummy) Specific Energy J/kg real [32197;32197] 0
Thermal capacitance per FC stack. Not needed in TMODE=1.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1

4–169
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ON/OFF Switch.
0 = OFF
1 = ON.
2 IFC Electric current A real [0.01;5000] 90
Total electrical current provided by fuel cell unit.
3 TSTACKin Temperature C real [10;90] 80
Set point temperature for FC stack.
TMODE=1: Constant temperature where TSTACKin = TSTACKout.
TMODE=2. Calculated temperature: TSTACKin = TSTACKsetpoint
4 p_H2_in Pressure BAR real [0.1;10] 3.014
Hydrogen inlet pressure.
5 p_O2_in Pressure BAR real [0.1;20] 3.014
Inlet pressure on cathode side (Oxygen or Air).
6 S_H2 dimensionless - real [1;1.5] 2
Stoichiometric ratio for hydrogen (H2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum H2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess H2 is needed to assure a complete reaction.
Example: 15% excess H2 fed to the anode equals as a stoichiometric ratio of 1.15
7 S_O2 dimensionless dimensionless real [1;5] 0
Stoichiometric ratio for oxygen (O2).
A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.
In practical systems some excess air or oxygen is needed to compete the reaction.
Example: 150% excess oxygen to the cathode gives a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5
8 Tamb Temperature C real [0;60] 25
Ambient air temperature.
The air directly surrounding the FC stack is usually the air in a room or a container.
9 TCWin Temperature C real [0;30] 15
Cooling water inlet temperature.
10 DELTATCW Temperature C real [5;30] 20
Temperature rise in cooling water, as it passes through the fuel cell.
DELTATCW=TCWout-TCWout
11 Xevap dimensionless - real [0;1] 0.25
Evaporation rate of process water produced in the fuel cell

4–170
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.

1 Nm3 = 1 Normal cubic meter = 1 cubic meter at 1 bar and 0°C.
8 Q_gen Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat generated by FC unit.
9 Q_cool Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary cooling demand for FC unit.
10 Q_loss Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat loss to the ambient
11 Q_evap Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total heat lossed due to evaporation.
12 Q_heat Power W real [0;+Inf] 0
Total auxiliary heating demand for FC unit.
13 V_cool Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Total required cooling water flow rate for FC unit.
14 TSTACKout Temperature C real [0;100] 0
Average FC stack temperature over last time step.
TMODE=1. Constant temperature: TSTACKout = TSTACKin (INPUT #3).
TMODE=2. Calculated temperature: TSTACKout = (TNEW+TOLD)/2.
15 R_t any K/W real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.
R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–171
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.6. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=1\Type170d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 A_CELL Area cm^2 real [30;15000] 0
Cross-sectional area of a single fuel cell.
A single FC consists of an MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates. Note: A_CELL > A_PEM.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Anode = Membrane Electrode Assembly).
13 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

4–172
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thickness of one single fuel cell.

One single FC conists of an MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_CELL >> T_PEM.

4–173
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Ucell Voltage V real [0.1;1.5] 0

4–174
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.7. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=2\Type170e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [10;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [2;2] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 H_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Height of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)
13 W_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Width of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)

4–175
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

Thickness of one singel fuel cell, where a cell consists of a MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates.
T_CELL >> T_PEM.
15 H_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Height of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. H_CELL > H_PEM.
16 W_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Width of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. W_CELL > W_PEM
17 T_PLATE Length cm real [0.25;10] 0
Thickness of end plate (supporting plate) of PEMFC-stack
18 H_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Height of end plate, i.e., one side of a rectangular end plate. H_PLATE > H_CELL
19 W_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Width of end plate, i.e., one side of rectangular end plate. W_PLATE > W_CELL
20 K_CELL Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [5;50] 0
Thermal conductivity of cell material (graphite is default).
21 RHO_CELL Density kg/m^3 real [1000;3500] 0
Density of cell material (graphite is default).
22 CP_CELL Specific Heat J/kg.K real [300;1500] 0
Specific heat of cell material (graphite is default)
23 K_PLATE Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [10;200] 0
Thermal conductivity of end plate material (stainless steel is default)
24 RHOPLATE Density kg/m^3 real [2000;20000] 0
Density of end plate material (stainless steel is default).
25 CP_PLATE Specific Heat J/kg.K real [150;1500] 0
Specific heat of end plate material (stainless steel is default).

4–176
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.

4–177
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–178
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.8. PEMFC - Air-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=3\Type170f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [3;3] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 Rt any K/W real [0.01;1] 0
Thermal resistance for a single FC stack. Rt = 1/UA, where UA = overall heat loss coefficient
12 Ct Specific Energy J/kg real [10;1000000] 0
Thermal capacitance per FC stack.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1

4–179
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–180
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.

4–181
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.9. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\Type170g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 A_CELL Area cm^2 real [30;15000] 0
Cross-sectional area of a single fuel cell.
A single FC consists of an MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates. Note: A_CELL > A_PEM.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Anode = Membrane Electrode Assembly).
13 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

4–182
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thickness of one single fuel cell.

One single FC conists of an MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_CELL >> T_PEM.

4–183
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Ucell Voltage V real [0.1;1.5] 0

4–184
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.10. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=2\Type170h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM (dummy) Area cm^2 real [232;232] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL. Not needed in RTCTMODE=2.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [2;2] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 H_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Height of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)
13 W_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Width of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)

4–185
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

4–186
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.

4–187
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–188
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.11. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=3\Type170i.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [3;3] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 Rt any K/W real [0.01;1.0] 0
Thermal resistance for a single FC stack. Rt = 1/UA, where UA = overall heat loss coefficient
12 Ct (dummy) Specific Energy J/kg real [32197;32197] 0
Thermal capacitance per FC stack. Not needed in TMODE=1.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1

4–189
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–190
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.

4–191
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.12. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=1

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=1\Type170j.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 A_CELL Area cm^2 real [30;15000] 0
Cross-sectional area of a single fuel cell.
A single FC consists of an MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates. Note: A_CELL > A_PEM.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Anode = Membrane Electrode Assembly).
13 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

4–192
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thickness of one single fuel cell.

One single FC conists of an MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_CELL >> T_PEM.

4–193
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Ucell Voltage V real [0.1;1.5] 0

4–194
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.13. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=2\Type170k.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [10;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [2;2] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 H_AIR Heat Transfer Coeff. W/m^2.K real [5;250] 0
Heat transfer coefficient from FC stack to ambient air.
5-50 = natural convection.
50-250 = forced convection.
12 H_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Height of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)
13 W_PEM Length cm real [1;100] 0
Width of PEM, i.e., one side of a rectangular PEM (Note! A_PEM is a dummy parameter)

4–195
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 T_CELL Length cm real [0.25;5] 0

Thickness of one singel fuel cell, where a cell consists of a MEA sandwiched between two bipolar plates.
T_CELL >> T_PEM.
15 H_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Height of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. H_CELL > H_PEM.
16 W_CELL Length cm real [1.2;120] 0
Width of a single fuel cell, i.e., one side of a rectangular cell. W_CELL > W_PEM
17 T_PLATE Length cm real [0.25;10] 0
Thickness of end plate (supporting plate) of PEMFC-stack
18 H_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Height of end plate, i.e., one side of a rectangular end plate. H_PLATE > H_CELL
19 W_PLATE Length cm real [1.5;150] 0
Width of end plate, i.e., one side of rectangular end plate. W_PLATE > W_CELL
20 K_CELL Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [5;50] 0
Thermal conductivity of cell material (graphite is default).
21 RHO_CELL Density kg/m^3 real [1000;3500] 0
Density of cell material (graphite is default).
22 CP_CELL Specific Heat J/kg.K real [300;1500] 0
Specific heat of cell material (graphite is default)
23 K_PLATE Thermal Conductivity W/m.K real [10;200] 0
Thermal conductivity of end plate material (stainless steel is default)
24 RHOPLATE Density kg/m^3 real [2000;20000] 0
Density of end plate material (stainless steel is default).
25 CP_PLATE Specific Heat J/kg.K real [150;1500] 0
Specific heat of end plate material (stainless steel is default).

4–196
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

A stoichiometric ratio of 1 is the theoretical minimum of O2 needed in a 100% complete reaction.

4–197
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Thermal resitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

R_t = 1/UA_FC, where UA_FC = Overall heat loss coefficient for the fuel cell.
16 C_t Specific Energy J/kg real [0;+Inf] 0
Thermal capacitance for one single stack of the FC unit.

4–198
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.5.5.14. PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=2 - RTCTMODE=3

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 170

Proforma Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=3\Type170l.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 OXMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
OXmode=1. Air is provided to the cathode.
OXmode=2. Pure oxygen is provided to the cathode.
2 TMODE dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Temperature mode.
TMODE = 1: TSTACK is a constant. TSTACKout = TSTACKin.
TMODE = 2: TSTACK is calculated based on a set point temperature: TSTACKout=(TNEW+TOLD)/2
TNEW = TSTACKin is the set point temperature.
TOLD = the temperature in the previous time step.
In TMODE=2 it is assumed that the fuel cell reaches TSTACKin during the current time step.
3 NCELLS dimensionless - real [1;100] 8000
Number of cells in series per stack. NCELLS gives the VOLTAGE RATING of the fuel cell.
4 NSTACKS dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
Number of stacks in parallel per FC unit. NSTACKS gives the CURRENT RATING of the fuel cell.
5 A_PEM Area cm^2 real [25;10000] 0
Electrode area of PEM. Note: A_PEM < A_CELL.
6 T_PEM Length cm real [0.010;0.0118] 0.018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) thickness.
One single FC consists of a MEA sandwiched between 2 bipolar plates. Note: T_PEM << T_CELL.
(MEA = Cathode + PEM + Amode = Membrane Electrode Assembly)
7 GAMMA dimensionless dimensionless real [0.0;1.2] 1.2
Transport number for water.
0.0 = Well hydrated PEM.
1.2 = Water deficient, or lean water PEM.
8 UC_MIN Voltage V real [0;1.6] 0.4
Minimum allowable cell voltage.
9 IC_MAX Current density mA/m^2 real [0;1500] 700
Maximum allowable current density.
10 RTCTMODE dimensionless - real [3;3] 0
Mode for calculating the overall thermal resistance (R_T) and capacitance (C_t) of a single FC stack.
1 = Simple: Few FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
2 = Detailed : Several FC geometry and thermal parameters needed.
3 = Experimental: R_t & C_t provided.
11 Rt any K/W real [0.01;1.0] 0
Thermal resistance for a single FC stack. Rt = 1/UA, where UA = overall heat loss coefficient
12 Ct Specific Energy J/kg real [10;1000000] 0
Thermal capacitance per FC stack.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 SWITCH dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1

4–199
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–200
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total air consumption in Nm3/hr.

4–201
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6. Hydronics

4.6.1. Fans

4.6.1.1. Single Speed - Humidity Ratio Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 112

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Single Speed\Humidity Ratio Inputs\Type112a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the calculation will be based on the inlet humidity ratio input (mode=1) or the
inlet relative humidity input (mode=2).
2 Rated flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The rated flow rate of dry air through the fan when operating.
3 Rated power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The fan power consumption during operation.
4 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The efficiency of the fan motor. This efficiency is used to calculate the amount of heat added to the air stream.
5 Motor heat loss fraction Dimensionless - real [0.;1.0] 0
The fraction of the motor heat loss transferred to the air stream. The motor heat loss is calculated by
subtracting the efficiency of the motor from 1 and multiplying the resultant quantity by the power consumption.
Typical values are 0 for motors mounted outside the air stream and 1 for motors mounted within the air stream.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the fan.
2 Inlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the fan.
3 Not used (RH) Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the fan.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the air (dry) entering the fan. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The inlet air pressure (absolute).
6 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the fan.= 0.5 - the fan in ON
7 Air-side pressure increase Pressure atm real [0.;+Inf] 0
The increase in air-side pressure for the fan. This value should be set to zero when the fan is off.

4–202
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The outlet air dry-bulb temperature from the fan.
2 Outlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.45] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the air exiting the fan. In all cases, the exiting humidity ratio is set to the inlet air
humidity ratio.
3 Outlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air exiting the fan.
4 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of dry air exiting the fan
5 Outlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The absolute presure of the air exiting the fan.
6 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the fan.
7 Air heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred to the air by the fan operation. This value may include motor heat loss if
the motor is located within the airstream.
8 Ambient heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the environment from the fan. This value is calculated by subtracting
the heat transfer to the air stream from the total fan power.

4–203
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.1.2. Single Speed - No Humidity

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 3

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Single Speed\No Humidity\Type3a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Maximum flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The maximum flow rate through the fan. The outlet flow rate is simply the maximum flow rate (this parameter)
multiplied by the inlet control signal (Input 3).
2 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the fan. The specific heat is used to determine the temperture rise
of the fluid through the fan using the following relation:
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Maximum power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum fan power consumption. The actual fan power will be the maximum fan power multiplied by a
function of the input control signal. See the abstract for more details on calculated fan power.
4 Conversion coefficient Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The fraction of fan power that is converted to fluid thermal energy.
Tout = Tin + (f * Power)/(mdot * Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
5 Power coefficient Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.5
To specify a non-linear relationship between fan power and fluid flow rate, the user must enter the coefficients
of the polynomial:
Power = Pmax * (co + c1*gamma + c2*gamma^2 + c3*gamma^3 + ci*gamma^i)
(See manual for further information on equation)

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many coefficients in the polynomial relating fan power to
5-5 1 20
fluid flow rate?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the fan.
2 Inlet mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the fan. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking. The outlet flow rate depends on the maximum flow rate and the input control signal. This input is just
for visualization purposes.
3 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the fan. The flow rate and power are calculated from knowledge of this input:
mout = mmax * gamma
Power = f(Pmax,gamma)
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–204
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The outlet fluid temperature from the fan.
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot*Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid flowrate. The outlet flow rate is calculated by:
mout = mmax * gamma
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the fan. The fan power is calculated from either a linear relationship with flow rate or
by a polynomial expression relating fan power to control signal, depending on the parameters supplied by the
user.

4–205
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.1.3. Single Speed - No Humidity - No Power Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 3

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Single Speed\No Humidity - No Power Coefficients\Type3c.tmf

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid temperature from the fan.
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot*Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid flowrate. The outlet flow rate is calculated by:
mout = mmax * gamma
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the fan. The fan power is calculated from either a linear relationship with flow rate or

4–206
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

by a polynomial expression relating fan power to control signal, depending on the parameters supplied by the
user.

4–207
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.1.4. Single Speed - Relative Humidity Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 112

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Single Speed\Relative Humidity Inputs\Type112b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter indicates whether the calculation will be based on the inlet humidity ratio input (mode=1) or the
inlet relative humidity input (mode=2).
2 Rated flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The rated flow rate of dry air through the fan when operating.
3 Rated power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The fan power consumption during operation.
4 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The efficiency of the fan motor. This efficiency is used to calculate the amount of heat added to the air stream.
5 Motor heat loss fraction Dimensionless - real [0.;1.0] 0
The fraction of the motor heat loss transferred to the air stream. The motor heat loss is calculated by
subtracting the efficiency of the motor from 1 and multiplying the resultant quantity by the power consumption.
Typical values are 0 for motors mounted outside the air stream and 1 for motors mounted within the air stream.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the fan.
2 Not used (w) Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the fan.
3 Inlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the fan.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the air (dry) entering the fan. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The inlet air pressure (absolute).
6 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the fan.= 0.5 - the fan in ON
7 Air-side pressure increase Pressure atm real [0.;+Inf] 0
The increase in air-side pressure for the fan. This value should be set to zero when the fan is off.

4–208
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Outlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0

The percent relative humidity of the air exiting the fan.
4 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of dry air exiting the fan
5 Outlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The absolute presure of the air exiting the fan.
6 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the fan.
7 Air heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred to the air by the fan operation. This value may include motor heat loss if
the motor is located within the airstream.
8 Ambient heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the environment from the fan. This value is calculated by subtracting
the heat transfer to the air stream from the total fan power.

4–209
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.1.5. Variable Speed - Humidity Ratio Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 111

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Variable Speed\Humidity Ratio Inputs\Type111a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the calculation will be based on the inlet humidity ratio input (mode=1) or the
inlet relative humidity input (mode=2).
2 Rated flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The maximum (rated) flow rate of dry air through the fan when operating at full-speed.
3 Rated power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The rated fan power consumption when the fan is operating at full-speed.
4 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The efficiency of the fan motor. This efficiency is used to calculate the amount of heat added to the air stream.
5 Motor heat loss fraction Dimensionless - real [0.;1.0] 0
The fraction of the motor heat loss transferred to the air stream. The motor heat loss is calculated by
subtracting the efficiency of the motor from 1 and multiplying the resultant quantity by the power consumption.
Typical values are 0 for motors mounted outside the air stream and 1 for motors mounted within the air stream.
6 Number of power coefficients Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
The number of polynomial multipliers that will be supplied relating the normalized fan power to the normalized
fan flow rate.
7 Power coefficient Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the polynomial multiplier for the relationship between normalized fan power and normalized fan
flow rate.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
7-7 Number of power coefficients 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the fan.
2 Inlet air humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the fan.
3 Not used (RH) Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the fan.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the air (dry) entering the fan. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The inlet air pressure (absolute).
6 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the fan: 0 = Off, 1 = On at Full_Speed, 0 < Y < 1 - Modulating operation

4–210
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Air-side pressure increase Pressure atm real [0.;+Inf] 0

The increase in air-side pressure for the fan. This value should be set to zero when the fan is off.

4–211
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.1.6. Variable Speed - RH Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 111

Proforma Hydronics\Fans\Variable Speed\RH Inputs\Type111b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter indicates whether the calculation will be based on the inlet humidity ratio input (mode=1) or the
inlet relative humidity input (mode=2).
2 Rated flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The maximum (rated) flow rate of dry air through the fan when operating at full-speed.
3 Rated power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The rated fan power consumption when the fan is operating at full-speed.
4 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The efficiency of the fan motor. This efficiency is used to calculate the amount of heat added to the air stream.
5 Motor heat loss fraction Dimensionless - real [0.;1.0] 0
The fraction of the motor heat loss transferred to the air stream. The motor heat loss is calculated by
subtracting the efficiency of the motor from 1 and multiplying the resultant quantity by the power consumption.
Typical values are 0 for motors mounted outside the air stream and 1 for motors mounted within the air stream.
6 Number of power coefficients Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
The number of polynomial multipliers that will be supplied relating the normalized fan power to the normalized
fan flow rate.
7 Power coefficient Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the polynomial multiplier for the relationship between normalized fan power and normalized fan
flow rate.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
7-7 Number of power coefficients 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the fan.
2 Not used (w) Dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.45] 0.01
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the fan.
3 Inlet air %RH Percentage % (base 100) real [0.;100.] 0
The percent relative humidity of the air entering the fan.
4 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the air (dry) entering the fan. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
5 Inlet air pressure Pressure atm real [0.;5.] 0
The inlet air pressure (absolute).
6 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the fan: 0 = Off, 1 = On at Full_Speed, 0 < Y < 1 - Modulating operation

4–212
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Air-side pressure increase Pressure atm real [0.;+Inf] 0

The increase in air-side pressure for the fan. This value should be set to zero when the fan is off.

4–213
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.2. Flow Diverter

4.6.2.1. Moist Air

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Flow Diverter\Moist Air\Type11e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Controlled flow diverter mode Dimensionless - integer [7;7] 7
This parameter indicated to the general model that a controlled flow diverter using moist air as the working fluid
is to be modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the inlet of the flow diverter.
2 Inlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the controlled flow diverter. The absoulte humidity ratio is defined
as:
w = kg's of H20/kg of dry air
3 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the inlet of the flow diverter.
4 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The input control signal. The control signal sets the position of a damper controlling the proportion of fluid to
each exit.
mdot,1 = mdot,in * (1-Y)
mdot,2 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at outlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air exiting through the first outlet of the flow diverter. The first outlet temperature is
set to the inlet temperature for all cases.
2 Humidity ratio at outlet 1 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the air exiting through the first outlet of the controlled flow diverter. The outlet
humidity ratio is set to the inlet humidity ratio for all cases.
3 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air leaving the first outlet of the controlled flow diverter. The first outlet flow rate is:
mdot,1 = mdot,in * (1-Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
4 Temperature at outlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air exiting through the second outlet of the flow diverter. The temperature at the
second outlet is set to the inlet temperature for all cases.

4–214
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Humidity ratio at outlet 2 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The humidity ratio of the air exiting the controlled flow diverter through the second outlet. The outlet humidity
ratio is set to the inlet humidity ratio for all cases.
6 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air exiting the flow diverter through the second outlet. The flow rate through the second
outlet is:
mdot,2 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–215
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.2.2. Other Fluids

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Flow Diverter\Other Fluids\Type11f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Controlled flow diverter mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter indicated to the general model that a controlled flow diverter is to be modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the inlet of the flow diverter.
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the inlet of the flow diverter.
3 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The input control signal. The control signal sets the position of a damper controlling the proportion of fluid to
each exit.
mdot,1 = mdot,in * (1-Y)
mdot,2 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at outlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting through the first outlet of the flow diverter. The first outlet temperature is set
to the inlet temperature for all cases.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid leaving the first outlet of the controlled flow diverter. The first outlet flow rate is:
mdot,1 = mdot,in * (1-Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Temperature at outlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting through the second outlet of the flow diverter. The temperature at the
second outlet is set to the inlet temperature for all cases.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the flow diverter through the second outlet. The flow rate through the second outlet
is:
mdot,2 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–216
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.3. Flow Mixer

4.6.3.1. Moist Air

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Flow Mixer\Moist Air\Type11c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Controlled flow mixer mode Dimensionless - integer [8;8] 8
This parameter indicates to the general model that a controlled flow mixer mixing moist air streams is to be
modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the first inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
2 Humidity ratio at inlet 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air entering the first inlet of the controlled flow mixer. The absolute
humidity ratio is defined as:
w = kg's H20/kg of dry air
3 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the first inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
4 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the controlled flow mixer at the second inlet.
5 Humidity ratio at inlet 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air entering the second inlet of the controlled flow mixer. The absolute
humidity ratio is defined as:
w = kg's H20/kg of dry air
6 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the second inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
7 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The control signal for the controlled flow mixer. The controlled flow mixer uses the control signal to proportion
the amount of flow from each of the inlets.
mdot,out = mdot,in,1 * (1-Y) + mdot,in,2 * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air leaving the controlled flow mixer. The temperature is computed by:
Tout = (Tin,1*min,1*(1-Y)+Tin,2*min,2*Y)/(min,1*(1-Y)+min,2*Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air exiting the controlled flow mixer. The humidity ratio is calculated by:

4–217
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Wout = (Win,1*min,1*(1-Y)+Win,2*min,2*Y)/(min,1*(1-Y)+min,2*Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air leaving the controlled flow mixer. The flow rate is calculated by:
mout = min,1*(1-Y) + min,2*(Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–218
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.3.2. Other Fluids

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Flow Mixer\Other Fluids\Type11d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Controlled flow mixer mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
This parameter indicates to the general model that a controlled flow mixer is to be modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the first inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
2 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the first inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
3 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the controlled flow mixer at the second inlet.
4 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the second inlet of the controlled flow mixer.
5 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The control signal for the controlled flow mixer. The controlled flow mixer uses the control signal to proportion
the amount of flow from each of the inlets.
mdot,out = mdot,in,1 * (1 - Y) + mdot,in,2 * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the controlled flow mixer. The temperature is computed by:
Tout = (Tin,1*min,1*(1-Y)+Tin,2*min,2*Y)/(min,1*(1-Y)+min,2*Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid leaving the controlled flow mixer. The flow rate is calculated by:
mout = min,1*(1-Y) + min,2*(Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–219
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.4. Pipe_Duct

4.6.4.1. Pipe_Duct

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 31

Proforma Hydronics\Pipe_Duct\Type31.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The inside diameter of the pipe. If a square duct is to be modeled, this parameter should be set to an equivalent
diameter which gives the same surface area.
2 Pipe length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the pipe to be considered.
3 Loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The heat transfer coefficient for thermal losses to the environment based on the inside pipe surface area.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid in the pipe/duct.
5 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid in the pipe/duct.
6 Initial fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the fluid in the pipe at the beginning of the simulation.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the pipe/duct.
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the pipe/duct.
3 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the pipe/duct is located.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the pipe/duct.
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the pipe/duct.
3 Environment losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is lost to the environment from the pipe/duct.
4 Energy to pipe/duct Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The net rate at which energy is transferred to the pipe by the flow stream.
5 Change in internal energy Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the pipe/duct since the beginning of the simulation. This output should not be

4–220
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

integrated as it is an energy term and not an energy rate term.

6 Average temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the pipe/duct over the timestep.

4–221
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.5. Pressure Relief Valve

4.6.5.1. Pressure Relief Valve

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 13

Proforma Hydronics\Pressure Relief Valve\Type13.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Boiling point of fluid Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling temperature of the fluid.
2 Specific heat of fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering either the pipe (pipe relief valve) or the tank (tank relief valve).
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the pipe (pipe relief valve) or the tank (tank relief valve).
3 Comparison temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
If a pipe relief valve is to be modeled, set this input the same as the inlet temperature input. In this way, the
relief valve will discard energy when the entering fluid reaches the boiling temperature.
If instead a tank relief valve is to be modeled, set this input to the top segment of the storage tank. In this
manner, boiling fluid is allowed to enter the tank and energy will only be discarded when the top of the tank
begins to boil.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid in question.
If Tcomp > Tboil and Tin > Tboil then:
Tout = Tboil
Else
Tout = Tin
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The exiting flow rate of fluid. In this model the loss of mass due to venting is assumed negligible. Therefore the
outlet flow rate is always set equal to the inlet flow rate.
3 Rate of energy 'discarded' Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy which is discarded to keep the fluid at the boiling point.
Qboil = mdot * Cp * (Tin - Tboil)
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–222
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.6. Pumps

4.6.6.1. Single Speed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 114

Proforma Hydronics\Pumps\Single Speed\Type114.tmf

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the device
2 Inlet fluid flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the device. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
3 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the pump: = 0.5 - the pump is ON
4 Overall pump efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.;1.] 0
The overall efficiency of the pump. The overall pump efficiency includes the inefficiencies due to the motor and
shaft friction. The overall pump efficiency must be less than the motor efficiency. The lower the efficiency the
greater the amount of power consumed and the greater the heat transfer to the fluid and/or ambient.
5 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.;1.] 0
The efficiency of the pump motor. The motor efficiency must be greater than the overall pump efficiency. The
lower the motor efficiency the greater the amount of power consumed and the greater the heat transfer to the
fluid and/or ambient.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the device.
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the device.

4–223
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The power consumed by the pump.
4 Fluid heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred to the fluid by the pump operation.
5 Environment heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred from the pump to the environment. This value is simply the pump power
minus the heat transfer directly to the fluid.

4–224
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.6.2. Single Speed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 3

Proforma Hydronics\Pumps\Single Speed\Type3b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Maximum flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The maximum flow rate through the pump. The outlet flow rate is simply the maximum flow rate (this parameter)
multiplied by the inlet control signal (Input 3).
2 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the pump. The specific heat is used to determine the temperture
rise of the fluid through the pump using the following relation:
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Maximum power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum pump power consumption. The actual pump power will be the maximum pump power multiplied
by a function of the input control signal. See the abstract for more details on calculated pump power.
4 Conversion coefficient Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.10
The fraction of pump power that is converted to fluid thermal energy.
Tout = Tin + (f * Power)/(mdot * Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
5 Power coefficient Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.5
Power coefficient:
To specify a non-linear relationship between pump power and fluid flow rate, the user must enter the
coefficients of the polynomial:
Power = Pmax * (co + c1*gamma + c2*gamma^2 + c3*gamma^3 + ci*gamma^i)
(See manual for further information on equation)

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many coefficients in the polynomial relating pump power to
5-5 1 20
fluid flow rate?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the pump.
2 Inlet mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the pump. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking. The outlet flow rate depends on the maximum flow rate and the input control signal. This input is just
for visualization purposes.
3 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the pump. The flow rate and power are calculated from knowledge of this input:
mout = mmax * gamma
Power = f(Pmax,gamma)
(See manual for further information on equation)

OUTPUTS

4–225
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid temperature from the pump.
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot*Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid flowrate. The outlet flow rate is calculated by:
mout = mmax * gamma
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the pump. The pump power is calculated from either a linear relationshipwith flow rate
or by a polynomial expression relating pump power to control signal, depending on the parameters supplied by
the user.

4–226
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.6.3. Single Speed - No Powercoefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 3

Proforma Hydronics\Pumps\Single Speed - No Powercoefficients\Type3d.tmf

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid temperature from the pump.
Tout = Tin + (f*Power)/(mdot*Cp)
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The outlet fluid flowrate. The outlet flow rate is calculated by:
mout = mmax * gamma
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the pump. The pump power is calculated from either a linear relationshipwith flow rate

4–227
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

or by a polynomial expression relating pump power to control signal, depending on the parameters supplied by
the user.

4–228
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.6.4. Variable Speed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 110

Proforma Hydronics\Pumps\Variable Speed\Type110.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Rated flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid through the pump when operating.
2 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.;+Inf] 0
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the device.
3 Rated power Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The pump power consumption during operation.
4 Motor heat loss fraction Dimensionless - real [0.;1.0] 0
The fraction of the motor heat loss transferred to the fluid stream. The motor heat loss is calculated by
subtracting the efficiency of the motor from 1 and multiplying the resultant quantity by the power consumption.
Typical values for this parameter are 0 for motors mounted outside the fluid stream and 1 for motors mounted
within the fluid stream.
5 Number of power coefficients Dimensionless - real [1;25] 0
The number of polynomial multipliers that will be supplied relating the normalized pump power to the
normalized pump flow rate (input control signal).
6 Power coefficient Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the polynomial multiplier for the relationship between normalized pump power and normalized
pump flow rate (input control signal).

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 Number of power coefficients 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the device
2 Inlet fluid flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the device. This input is not used by this component except for convergence
checking.
3 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The input control signal to the pump: = 0.5 - the pump is ON
4 Total pump efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.;1.] 0
The overall efficiency of the pump. The overall pump efficiency includes the inefficiencies due to the motor and
shaft friction. The overall pump efficiency must be less than the motor efficiency. The lower the efficiency the
greater the amount of power consumed and the greater the heat transfer to the fluid and/or ambient.
5 Motor efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.;1.] 0
The efficiency of the pump motor. The motor efficiency must be greater than the overall pump efficiency. The
lower the motor efficiency the greater the amount of power consumed and the greater the heat transfer to the
fluid and/or ambient.

OUTPUTS

4–229
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Outlet fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the device.
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the device.
3 Power consumption Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The power consumed by the pump.
4 Fluid heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred to the fluid by the pump operation.
5 Environment heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred from the pump to the environment. This value is simply the pump power
minus the heat transfer directly to the fluid.

4–230
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.7. Tee-Piece

4.6.7.1. Moist Air

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Tee-Piece\Moist Air\Type11g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tee piece mode Dimensionless - integer [6;6] 6
This parameter indicates to the general model that a tee piece mixing moist air is to be modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the first inlet of the tee piece.
2 Humidity ratio at inlet 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the air entering the first inlet of the tee piece. The absolute humidity ratio is
defined as:
w = kg's H20/kg of dry air
3 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the first inlet of the tee piece.
4 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the tee piece at the second inlet.
5 Humidity ratio at inlet 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air entering the second inlet of the tee piece. The absolute humidity
ratio is defined as:
w = kg's H20/kg of dry air
6 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the second inlet of the tee piece.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air leaving the tee piece. Under no flow conditions, the temperature at the outlet
will be set to the minimum temperature of the two inlet streams. For this reason, control decisions should not be
based on this output.
2 Outlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air exiting the tee piece. Under no flow conditions, the outlet humidity
ratio will be set to the humidity ratio of the fluid with the lowest temperature. For this reason, control decisions
should not be based on this output.
3 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air leaving the tee piece.

4–231
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.7.2. Other Fluids

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Tee-Piece\Other Fluids\Type11h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tee piece mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general model that a simple tee piece is to be modeled.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the first inlet of the tee piece.
2 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the first inlet of the tee piece.
3 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the tee piece at the second inlet.
4 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the second inlet of the tee piece.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the mixed fluid leaving the tee piece. If the tee piece is under no flow conditions, the outlet
temperature will be set to the minimum of the two inlet temperatures. For this reason, control decisions should
not be based on this outlet temperature.
2 Outlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of mixed fluid leaving the tee piece.

4–232
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.8. Tempering Valve

4.6.8.1. Moist Air

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Tempering Valve\Moist Air\Type11a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tempering valve mode Dimensionless - integer [9;10] 9
This parameter indicates to the general model that a tempering valve is to be modeled. If this parameter is set
to 9, the entire flow stream will be sent through the first outlet if the inlet temperature is less than the heat
source temperature. If this parameter is set to 10, the entire flow stream will instead be sent through the second
outlet if the inlet temperature is less than the heat source temperature.
2 Nb. of oscillations allowed Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
To promote simulation convergence, the internal control signal, which is calculated by a ratio of fluid
temperatures, will stay constant after this set number of control oscillations has been reached.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the moist air entering the inlet of the tempering valve. In most cases, this input is connected
to the temperature of the moist air used to cool the flow of the hot storage air flow stream down to the set point.
2 Inlet humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air entering the inlet of the tempering valve. The absolute humidity ratio
is defined as:
w = kg's of H20/kg of dry air
3 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of moist air entering the inlet of the tempering valve.
4 Heat source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
The temperature of the moist air exiting the heat source that is to be cooled by the addition of air from the
tempering valve component. This temperature is used to determine how much of the moist air entering the
tempering valve will be sent to the heat source and how much of the moist air will be diverted to mix with the air
exiting the heat source.
5 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature below which the heat source air stream is to be kept at all times. The heat source air stream
temperature will be kept at the set point temperature (if possible) by the diversion of air from the inlet of the heat
source to a mixing component at the exit of the heat source.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at outlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air exiting through the first outlet of the tempering valve. The first outlet
temperature is set to the inlet temperature for all cases. This output is typically hooked up to the temperature of
the inlet air stream to the heat source.
2 Humidity ratio at outlet 1 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the air exiting through the first outlet of the tempering valve. The outlet humidity

4–233
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ratio is set to the inlet humidity ratio for all cases.

3 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air leaving the first outlet of the tempering valve. This flow rate is typically hooked up to
the inlet flow rate of the heat source. The first outlet flowrate is:
mdot,1 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)
4 Temperature at outlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the moist air exiting through the second outlet of the tempering valve. The temperature at
the second outlet is set to the inlet temperature for all cases. In most cases, this temperature is hooked up to a
mixing valve component mixing the air from the 2nd outlet of this component and the heat source exiting air
stream.
5 Humidity ratio at outlet 2 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The humidity ratio of the air exiting the tempering valve through the second outlet. The outlet humidity ratio is
set to the inlet humidity ratio for all cases.
6 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of moist air exiting the tempering valve through the second outlet. This flow rate is commonly
hooked up to the inlet flow rate of a mixing valve component mixing the air from the heat source with the air
from the second outlet of this tempering valve. The flowrate through the second outlet is:
mdot,2 = mdot,in * (1 - Y)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Control function Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The calculated fraction of air exiting through the first outlet of the tempering valve. The fraction is defined as:
Y = mdot,1 / mdot,in
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–234
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.6.8.2. Other Fluids

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 11

Proforma Hydronics\Tempering Valve\Other Fluids\Type11b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tempering valve mode Dimensionless - integer [4;5] 4
This parameter indicates to the general model that a tempering valve is to be modeled. If this parameter is set
to 4, the entire flow stream will be sent through the first outlet if the inlet temperature is less than the heat
source temperature. If this parameter is set to 5, the entire flow stream will instead be sent through the second
outlet if the inlet temperature is less than the heat source temperature.
2 Nb. of oscillations allowed Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
To promote simulation convergence, the internal control signal, which is calculated by a ratio of fluid
temperatures, will stay constant after this set number of control oscillations has been reached.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the inlet of the tempering valve. In most cases, this input is connected to
the temperature of the fluid used to cool the flow of hot storage fluid down to the set point (which is typically the
inlet temperature to the heat source).
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the inlet of the tempering valve.
3 Heat source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the heat source that is to be cooled by the addition of fluid from the
tempering valve component. This temperature is used to determine how much of the fluid entering the
tempering valve will be sent to the heat source and how much of the fluid will be diverted to mix with the fluid
exiting the heat source.
4 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature below which the heat source flow stream is to be kept at all times. The heat source flow
stream temperature will be kept at or below the set point temperature (if possible) by the diversion of cooler fluid
from the inlet of the heat source to a mixing component at the exit of the heat source.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at outlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting through the first outlet of the tempering valve. The first outlet temperature is
set to the inlet temperature for all cases. This output is typically hooked up to the temperature of the inlet flow
stream to the heat source.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid leaving the first outlet of the tempering valve. This flow rate is typically hooked up to the
inlet flow rate of the heat source. The first outlet flowrate is:
mdot,1 = mdot,in * Y
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Temperature at outlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting through the second outlet of the flow diverter. The temperature at the
second outlet is set to the inlet temperature for all cases. In most cases, this temperature is hooked up to a
mixing valve component mixing the flow from the 2nd outlet of this component and the heat source exiting flow
stream.

4–235
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The flow rate of fluid exiting the tempering valve through the second outlet. This flow rate is typically hooked up
to an inlet flow rate of a mixing valve component mixing this flow stream and the flow stream of exiting heat
source fluid. The flow rate from the
second outlet is calculated by:
mdot,2 = (1-Y) * mdot,in
(See manual for further information on equation)
5 Control function Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The calculated fraction of fluid exiting through the first outlet of the tempering valve. The fraction is defined as:
Y = mdot,1 / mdot,in
(See manual for further information on equation)

4–236
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7. Loads and Structures

4.7.1. Attached Sunspace

4.7.1.1. Additional Thermal Mass

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 37

Proforma Loads and Structures\Attached Sunspace\Additional Thermal Mass\Type37a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Wall height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The vertical distance between the floor and the intersection of the upper glazing with the back wall of the
sunspace.
2 Wall thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.4
The thickness of the back wall of the attached sunspace.
3 Length of floor Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The horizontal distance between the back wall and the intersection of the lower glazing with the floor of the
sunspace.
4 Floor thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The thickness of the floor of the attached sunspace.
5 Width of sunspace Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The width of the attached sunspace.
6 Lower glazing projection Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.5
The horizontal distance from the intersection of the lower glazing and the floor to the intersection of the upper
and lower glazings.
7 Glazing intersection height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The vertical distance between the floor and the intersection of the upper and lower glazings.
8 Number of wall nodes Dimensionless - integer [2;+Inf] 4
The number of nodes that the wall will be divided into for the finite difference scheme used to solve the wall
heat transfer.
9 Number of floor nodes Dimensionless - integer [2;+Inf] 4
The number of nodes that the floor of the sunspace will be divided into for the finite difference scheme used to
solve the floor heat transfer.
10 Wall thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the back wall of the attached sunspace.
11 Floor thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the floor of the sunspace.
12 Wall specific capacitance any any real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density - specific heat product of the back wall of the attached sunspace.
13 Floor specific capacitance any any real [0.0;+Inf] 2000.0
The density - specific heat product of the material comprising the floor of the sunspace.

4–237
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Wall solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7

The solar absorptance of the back wall of the attached sunspace. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of
the radiation absorbed by a surface to the total incident radiation upon the surface and therefore, must be
between 0 and 1.
15 Wall emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The infrared emittance of the back wall of the sunspace. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the radiation
emitted by the surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody (the perfect emitter) at the same temperature.
The emittance must be between 0 and 1 by definition.
16 Floor solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The absorptance of the floor material to solar radiation. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of the radiation
absorbed by a surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
17 Floor emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.3
The infrared emittance of the floor of the sunspace. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the radiation
emitted by the surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody (the perfect emitter)at the same temperature. By
definition, the emittance must be between 0 and 1.
18 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 2
The number of identical glazings that make up either the upper or lower glazing surfaces.
19 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The infrared emittance of one of the identical glazings comprising the upper or lower glazed surfaces. The
emittance is defined as the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody
(the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. By definition, the emittance must be between 0 and 1.
20 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient and the thickness for one of the idntical glazings comprising either the
upper or lower glazed surfaces (KL product).
21 Refractive index Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of one of the identical glazings comprising either the upper or lower glazed surfaces.
22 R-value of glazing Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The R-value of the upper or lower glazing not including the effects of convection at the inside or outside
surfaces. The R-value of a material is the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the material (R =
1/U).
23 R-value of night insulation Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The R-value of the night insulation material not including convection at the inside and outside surfaces. The R-
value of a material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient (R = 1/U).
24 R-value of floor insulation Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The R-value of the insulation located between the floor of the sunspace and the ground. The R-value of a
material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the material (R = 1/U).
25 Infiltration (ACH) Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The infiltration of the sunspace expressed in the number of air changes per hour.
1 airchange per hour implies that in one hours time, the entire volume of air will have been replaced by air at
ambient conditions.
26 Opaque fraction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.15
The fraction of the glazing surface that is considered to be opaque to solar radiation.
27 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The temperature of the wall and floor nodes at the beginning of the simulation.
28 R-value of ground Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.4
The effective R-value of the ground. The R-value of a material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer
coefficient of a surface (R = 1/U).
29 Height of additional mass Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The average height of the additional thermal mass to be considered in the sunspace.
30 Width of additional mass Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The average width of the additional thermal mass to be considered in the sunspace.

4–238
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

31 Capacitance of additional mass Thermal Capacitance kJ/K real [0.0;+Inf] 250.0

The thermal capacitnace of the additional mass to be considered in the attached sunspace.
Surface area of additional
32 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
mass
The surface area of the additional thermal mass considered in the attached sunspace.
33 Absorptance of additional mass Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.9
The absorptance of the additional thermal mass considered in the attached sunspace to solar radiation. The
absorptance is defined to be the ratio of the amount of radiation absorbed by a surface to the total radiation
incident upon the surface and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
34 Emittance of additional mass Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The infrared emittance of the the additional thermal mass considered in the attached sunspace. The emittance
is defined to be the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody (the
perfect emitter) at the same temperature. By definition, the emittance must be between 0 and 1.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Venting control function Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.0
The control function for ventilation of the sunspace:
-1 ---> Vent the sunspace air to the attached room
0 ---> No ventilation
1 --->Vent the sunspace air to the ambient
2 Night insulation control Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control function for the glazing night insulation:
0 ---> Night insulation not in place
1 ---> Night insulation in place
3 Ground temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
The temperature of the ground beneath the floor of the sunspace.
4 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The temperature of the ambient air.
5 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the room on the far side of the back wall of the attached sunspace.
Glazing to ambient convection
6 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 25.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the outer glazing and the ambient.
7 Wall to room convection coeff. Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
The convection coefficient between the far side of the back wall of the sunspace and the room on the far side
of the back wall of the sunspace.
Floor to sunspace convection
8 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 8.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the sunspace air and the floor of the sunspace.
Wall to sunspace convection
9 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the back wall of the sunspace and the sunspace air.
Glass to sunspace convection
10 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 13.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the inner surfaces of the upper and lower glazings to the sunspace air.
11 Beam on upper glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation incident on the upper glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
12 Diffuse on upper glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse solar radiation incident upon the upper glazing of the sunspace per unit area.

4–239
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

13 Beam on lower glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0

The beam solar radiation incident upon the lower glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
14 Diffuse on lower glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse solar radiation incident upon the lower glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
15 Upper glazing incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation upon the upper glazing of the sunspace.
16 Lower glazing incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation upon the lower glazing of the sunpace.
17 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The solar zenith angle is defined as the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun.
18 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360.0;360.0] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is defined as the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of
sight of the sun onto the horizontal plane. Zero is facing the equator, west is positve (90), while east is
negative (-90).
19 Ventilation flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of ventilation air to the sunspace.
20 Auxiliary to sunspace Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which auxiliary energy is added to the sunspace.
Mass to sunspace convection
21 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 6.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the additional thermal mass in the sunspace and the air in the sunspace.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Sunspace temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the air in the sunspace.
2 Flow rate of ventialtion air Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate at which ventilation air exits the sunspace.
3 Inside glazing temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the inner surface of the glazings of the sunspace.
4 Inside wall temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature at the inside surface of the back wall of the sunspace.
5 Inside floor temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the upper surface of the floor.
6 Heat transfer to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the attached room from the sunspace; includes both conduction and
ventilation.
7 Conduction to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred across the wall separating the room and the sunspace.
8 Environment losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is lost to the environment from the sunspace; includes window conduction and
ventilation.
9 Conduction losses through glazing Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is conducted through the glazings to the environment.
10 Ground losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred from the sunspace through the floor to the ground.
11 Solar transmitted to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which solar energy is passed through the glazings of the sunspace.

4–240
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Solar absorption rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate at which solar radiation is absorbed by the walls, floor, and the additional mass if present.
13 Rate of internal energy change Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of change of the internal energy of the sunspace. The rate of change of the internal energy is a rate
quantity and should be integrated if an energy balance is to be performed.

4–241
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.1.2. No Additional Thermal Mass

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 37

Proforma Loads and Structures\Attached Sunspace\No Additional Thermal Mass\Type37b.tmf

4–242
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The absorptance of the floor material to solar radiation. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of the radiation
absorbed by a surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
17 Floor emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.3
The infrared emittance of the floor of the sunspace. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the radiation
emitted by the surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody (the perfect emitter)at the same temperature. By
definition, the emittance must be between 0 and 1.
18 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 2
The number of identical glazings that make up either the upper or lower glazing surfaces.
19 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The infrared emittance of one of the identical glazings comprising the upper or lower glazed surfaces. The
emittance is defined as the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody
(the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. By definition, the emittance must be between 0 and 1.
20 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient and the thickness for one of the idntical glazings comprising either the
upper or lower glazed surfaces (KL product).
21 Refractive index Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of one of the identical glazings comprising either the upper or lower glazed surfaces.
22 R-value of glazing Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The R-value of the upper or lower glazing not including the effects of convection at the inside or outside
surfaces. The R-value of a material is the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the material (R =
1/U).
23 R-value of night insulation Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The R-value of the night insulation material not including convection at the inside and outside surfaces. The R-
value of a material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient (R = 1/U).
24 R-value of floor insulation Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The R-value of the insulation located between the floor of the sunspace and the ground. The R-value of a
material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the material (R = 1/U).
25 Infiltration (ACH) Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The infiltration of the sunspace expressed in the number of air changes per hour.
1 airchange per hour implies that in one hours time, the entire volume of air will have been replaced by air at
ambient conditions.
26 Opaque fraction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.15
The fraction of the glazing surface that is considered to be opaque to solar radiation.
27 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The temperature of the wall and floor nodes at the beginning of the simulation.
28 R-value of ground Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.4
The effective R-value of the ground. The R-value of a material is simply the inverse of the overall heat transfer
coefficient of a surface (R = 1/U).

4–243
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the ground beneath the floor of the sunspace.

4 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The temperature of the ambient air.
5 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the room on the far side of the back wall of the attached sunspace.
Glazing to ambient convection
6 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 25.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the outer glazing and the ambient.
7 Wall to room convection coeff. Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
The convection coefficient between the far side of the back wall of the sunspace and the room on the far side
of the back wall of the sunspace.
Floor to sunspace convection
8 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 8.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the sunspace air and the floor of the sunspace.
Wall to sunspace convection
9 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the back wall of the sunspace and the sunspace air.
Glass to sunspace convection
10 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 13.0
coeff.
The convection coefficient between the inner surfaces of the upper and lower glazings to the sunspace air.
11 Beam on upper glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation incident on the upper glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
12 Diffuse on upper glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse solar radiation incident upon the upper glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
13 Beam on lower glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam solar radiation incident upon the lower glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
14 Diffuse on lower glazing Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse solar radiation incident upon the lower glazing of the sunspace per unit area.
15 Upper glazing incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation upon the upper glazing of the sunspace.
16 Lower glazing incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation upon the lower glazing of the sunpace.
17 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The solar zenith angle is defined as the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun.
18 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360.0;360.0] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is defined as the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of
sight of the sun onto the horizontal plane. Zero is facing the equator, west is positve (90), while east is
negative (-90).
19 Ventilation flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of ventilation air to the sunspace.
20 Auxiliary to sunspace Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which auxiliary energy is added to the sunspace.

4–244
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flow rate at which ventilation air exits the sunspace.

3 Inside glazing temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the inner surface of the glazings of the sunspace.
4 Inside wall temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature at the inside surface of the back wall of the sunspace.
5 Inside floor temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the upper surface of the floor.
6 Heat transfer to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the attached room from the sunspace; includes both conduction and
ventilation.
7 Conduction to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred across the wall separating the room and the sunspace.
8 Environment losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is lost to the environment from the sunspace; includes window conduction and
ventilation.
9 Conduction losses through glazing Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is conducted through the glazings to the environment.
10 Ground losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred from the sunspace through the floor to the ground.
11 Solar transmitted to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which solar energy is passed through the glazings of the sunspace.
12 Solar absorption rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which solar radiation is absorbed by the walls, floor, and the additional mass if present.
13 Rate of internal energy change Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of change of the internal energy of the sunspace. The rate of change of the internal energy is a rate
quantity and should be integrated if an energy balance is to be performed.

4–245
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.2. Multi-Zone Building

4.7.2.1. With Standard Output Files

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 56

Proforma Loads and Structures\Multi-Zone Building\With Standard Output Files\Type56a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
Logical unit for building description file
1 Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
(.bui)
The logical unit through which the building description file will be read. Each external file that TRNSYS reads
from or writes to must be assigned a unique logical unit number in the TRNSYS input file. The building
description file is created by the PREBID program and typically has a .BLD extension.
2 Star network calculation switch Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the star network calculations should be performed only at the beginning of the
simulation (=0) or at every timestep (=1). For most simulations, the star network can be calculated just at the
beginning of the simulation. However, if the convective heat transfer coefficient at the inside surface of any of
the walls in the building is variable (not a constant value), this parameter should be set to 1.
Weighting factor for operative
3 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
temperature
The weighting factor for the operative room temperature. The operative room temperature is a function of both
the air and surface temperatures in the zone:
Top = Aop*Tair + (1-Aop)*Tsurf
(See manual for further information on equation)
This temperature is used most often in room comfort analysis simulations.
4 Logical unit for monthly summary Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
5 Logical unit for hourly temperatures Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
6 Logical unit for hourly loads Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inputs - to update attach files in "External Files" tab any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input which is described in the building information file (.INF extension typically).

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outputs - to update attach files in "External Files" tab any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The specified output which is described in the building information file (.INF extension typically).

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Building description file (*.bui) Logical unit for building description file (.bui)
Monthly Summary File Bldg-Monthly.out Logical unit for monthly summary
Hourly Temperatures Bldg-HourlyTemp.out Logical unit for hourly temperatures
Hourly Loads Bldg-HourlyLoads.out Logical unit for hourly loads
Source file .\SourceCode\Type56\OpenSource\Open_TYPE56.for

4–246
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.2.2. Without Standard Output Files

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 56

Proforma Loads and Structures\Multi-Zone Building\Without Standard Output Files\Type56b.tmf

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Building description file (*.bui) Logical unit for building description file (.bui)
Source file .\SourceCode\Type56\OpenSource\Open_TYPE56.for

4–247
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.3. Overhang and Wingwall Shading

4.7.3.1. Overhang and Wingwall Shading

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 34

Proforma Loads and Structures\Overhang and Wingwall Shading\Type34.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Upstream component mode Dimensionless - boolean [0;1] 0
This parameter tells Type 34 whether or not the view factor to the sky has already been taken into account in
the diffuse radiation, which depends on the component to which input 4 is connected
0: Radiation comes from Type 16 (radiation processor) or Type 109 (combined data reader and radiation
processor), view factor has not been taken into account
1: Radiation comes from Type 68 (mask), view factor has already been taken into account
Technical explanation:
The difference is in the view factor of the sky behind the window. Type34 assumes a vertical orientation for the
window. In doing that, it knows that a window with no overhangs or projections can only see half the sky so the
sky view factor that it calculates is: ShadedVF = 0.5 - OverhangEffects - WingwallEffects
Type68 allows for the window to be sloped and calculates its sky view factor
accordingly. If the window is vertical and there are no obstructions in front
of the window, then its calculated view factor is 0.5 and the radiation that
has been passed through Type68 will already be cut down accordingly. If you
then want to include the effect of an overhang using Type34, you have already
accounted for the 0.5 in the ShadedVF equation above, so you need to use
instead: ShadedVF = 1.0 - OverhangEffects - WingwallEffects
so that you don't account for the fraction of the sky that is behind the window
twice.
2 Receiver height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The height of the receiver.
3 Receiver width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The width of the receiver.
4 Overhang projection Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the overhead projection; measured in the plane of the overhead projection. Refer to Figure
4.8.4.1 for more details.
5 Overhang gap Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The distance between the top of the receiver and the intersection of the overhang with the plane containing
the receiver.
6 Overhang left extension Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The horizontal distance between the left edge of the receiver and theleft edge of the overhang.
7 Overhang right extension Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The horizontal distance between the right edge of the receiver and theright edge of the overhang.
8 Left wingwall projection Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the left wingwall projection; measured in the plane ofthe left wingwall.
9 Left wingwall gap Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The horizontal distance between the left edge of the receiver and thestart of the left wingwall.
10 Left wingwall top extension Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The vertical distance between the top of the receiver and the topof the wingwall.

4–248
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Left wingwall bottom extension Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5

The vertical distance between the bottom of the receiver and the bottom of the left wingwall.
12 Right wingwall projection Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the right wingwall; measured in the plane of the wingwall.
13 Right wingwall gap Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The horizontal distance between the right side of the receiver and the beginning of the right wingwall.
14 Right wingwall top extension Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The vertical distance between the top of the receiver and the top ofthe right wingwall.
Right wingwall bottom
15 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
extension
The vertical distance between the bottom of the receiver and thebottom of the right wingwall.
16 Receiver azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The surface azimuth of the receiver. The azimuth is defined as the angle between the local meridian and the
projection of the line ofsight of the surface. Zero is facing the equator, west is positve (90)and east is negative
(-90).

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 45.0
The solar zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and theprojection of the line of sight of the sun.
2 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;360.0] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian andthe projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane.
3 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation (beam + sky difuse + ground reflected diffuse)incident upon a horizontal surface per unit
area.
4 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse radiation incident upon a horizontal surface per unitarea.
5 Beam radiation on surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation per unit area incident upon the receiver surface.
6 Ground reflectance dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the receiver is positioned.The reflectance is a ratio of the radiation
reflected to the totalradiation incident upon a surface and therefore must be between 0and 1. Typical values are
0.2 for ground not covered by snow, and 0.7for snow-covered ground.
Incidence angle of direct
7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
radiation
Incidence angle of direct radiation on the receiver surface

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Incident receiver radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the shaded
receiver per unit area.
2 Beam radiation on receiver Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average beam radiation incident upon the receiver per unit area.
3 Sky diffuse on receiver Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average sky diffuse radiation incident upon the shaded receiver per unit area.
4 Ground reflected diffuse Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average ground reflected diffuse radiation incident upon theshaded receiver per unit area.

4–249
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Direct beam fraction dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The fraction of the receiver surface which is irradiated by directbeam radiation.
6 View factor to sky dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The view factor from the receiver surface to the sky.
7 View factor to ground dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The view factor from the receiver to the ground.
8 View factor to overhang dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The view factor from the receiver surface to the overhang.
9 View factor to left wingwall dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The view factor from the receiver to the left wingwall.
10 View factor to right wingwall dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The view factor from the receiver surface to the right wingwall.
11 Fraction of solar shading Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
This is the fraction of solar shading. This number, in the [0;1] range, is computed as:FSS = 1 - (Shaded
radiation / Total radiation)Its value is 0 for a non-shaded surface, 1 for a completely shaded surface.This
output can be used as "external shading factor" in Type56 to approximate shading effects on a window.
12 Angle of incidence Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–250
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.4. Pitched Roof and Attic

4.7.4.1. Pitched Roof and Attic

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 18

Proforma Loads and Structures\Pitched Roof and Attic\Type18.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Collector on roof? Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
Is there a solar collector on the surface of the roof facing south?
-1 --> there is not a collector on the south facing roof
1 --> there is a collector on the south facing roof
If there is not a collector on the roof surface, users should set the loss coefficient from the back and edge of
the collector to 0.0 (Par. 11) and the collector outlet temperature to a constant (Input 7).
2 Ceiling insulation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
The pitched roof and attic model assumes that there is a 2""x12"" joist system between the room and the attic.
This parameter is used to inform the model how much insulation is between the joists (refer to Figure 4.8.2.1
of section 4.8.2 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details).
1 = 3 inches of ceiling insulation
2 = 6 inches of ceiling insulation
3 = 9 inches of ceiling insulation
4 = 12 inches of ceiling insulation
3 Absorptance of roof Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of the roof surfaces not covered by the solar collector. The absorptance is defined as the
ratio of absorbed radiation to total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
4 Emittance of roof surface Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.9
The emittance of the roof surface not covered by the solar collector. The emittance is defined as the ratio of
emitted radiation from the surface to the radiation emitted by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same
temperature.
5 Area of south surface Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The area of the south-facing roof surface.
6 Area of east surface Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The area of the east-facing roof surface.
7 Area of north surface Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The area of the north-facing roof surface.
8 Area of west surface Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The area of the west-facing roof surface.
9 Ceiling area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 25.0
The area of the ceiling separating the room from the attic.
10 Attic infiltration rate Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The rate of infiltration of ambient air into the attic space.
Collector back and edge loss
11 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
coeff.
The thermal loss coefficient of the back and edges of the solar collector. The back and edge losses from the
collector are assumed to be transmitted to the roof surface. If there is not a collector on the roof surface, set
this parameter to 0.0.

4–251
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Slope of south surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 30.0

The slope of the south surface measured from horizontal.
0 = horizontal surface ; 90 = vertical south facing surface
13 Slope of north surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 30.0
The slope of the north roof surface measured from the horizontal.
0 = horizontal ; 90 = vertical facing north

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the ambient air.
2 Total solar on south surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of total solar radiation per unit area incident upon the south roof surface. This input is typically hooked
up to the radiation processor component.
3 Total solar on east surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of total solar radiation per unit area incident upon the east roof surface. This input is typically hooked
to the radiation processor component.
4 Total solar on north surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of total solar radiation per unit area incident upon the north roof surface. This input is typically hooked
to the radiation processor component.
5 Total solar on west surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of total solar radiation per unit area incident upon the west roof surface. This input is typically hooked
to the radiation processor component.
6 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The speed of the wind flowing over the roof surface.
7 Collector outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid leaving the solar collector on the roof surface. If there is not a collector on the roof
surface, set this input to a constant value.
8 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the room above which the attic is located. This input can be hooked up to a zone model
output or assumed to be a constant.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ceiling heat transfer rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred from the room to the attic space.
2 Effective sol-air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The effective sol-air temperature of the roof surfaces and infiltration air. The effective sol-air temperature is
calculated as a function of the sol-air temperature of the various roof surfaces and the infiltration rate and is
used to drive the heat flux equation.

4–252
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5. Single Zone Models

4.7.5.1. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Additional Outputs

(Optional) - Energy Rate Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Additional Outputs

Proforma
(Optional)\Energy Rate Control\Outs19-E.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of additional outputs Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 1
How many additional outputs are desired for the TYPE 19 Single Zone Model? For each desired surface output,
the surface number and type of desired output must be supplied by the user.
2 Type of additional output Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 1
The type of additional output that is desired. The available output types are:
1 = Inside surface temperature (C)
2 = Equivalent inside room temperature (the temperature which in the absence of radiative exchange would
give the same heat transfer as actually occurs) (C)
3 = Absorbed radiative gains by the surface from solar, lights, people (kJ/hr/m2)
4 = Energy convected to room from surface (kJ/hr)
5 = Radiative gains to surface due to infrared exchange with all other surfaces (kJ/hr)
3 Surface number for additional output Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
The surface number associated with the desired additional output.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 Number of additional outputs 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Zone temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the zone in question. (Repeated for convenience)
2 Zone humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the zone in question. The absolute humidity ratio is defined as the ratio of the
mass of water in a volume of air to the mass of the air (kg's H2O / kg of dry air). (Repeated for convenience)
3 Convection gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The energy gain to the zone due to convection from all surfaces that define the zone. (Repeated for
convenience)
4 People gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible energy gain to the zone due to convection from people inside the zone. The gain due to people is
calculated from knowledge of the number of people in the zone and their associated activity level. (Repeated
for convenience)
5 Infiltration gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible energy gains to the zone due to infiltration from the environment. The sensible energy gains are
calculated from the zone temperature, the ambient temperature and knowledge of the infiltration rate.
(Repeated for convenience)

4–253
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Ventilation gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The sensible energy gains to the zone due to the ventilation air stream. The ventilation energy gain is
calculated from the zone temperature, the ventilation supply temperature, and the ventilation flow rate.
(Repeated for convenience)
7 Sensible load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible load on the zone. The sensible load is defined as the energy required by auxiliary heating or
cooling equipment in order to keep the zone temperature within the comfort zone. Cooling is positive while
heating is negative. (Repeated for convenience)
8 Latent load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The latent load on the zone. The latent load is defined as the energy required to keep the humidity level within
the comfort region. Dehumidification is a positive latent load, while humidification is a negative latent load.
(Repeated for convenience)
9 Maximum cooling load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The maximum cooling load on the zone during the timestep. (Repeated for convenience)
10 Maximum heating load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The maximum heating load for the zone during the timestep. (Repeated for convenience)
11 Additional output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The specified additional output. Care should be taken when using the additional outputs as the magnitude and
unit of the output are NOT carried with the output, making input-output checking impossible for these outputs.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of additional outputs 1 50

4–254
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.2. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Additional Outputs

(Optional) - Temperature Level Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Additional Outputs

Proforma
(Optional)\Temperature Level Control\Outs19-T.tmf

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 Number of additional outputs 1 50

4–255
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Not Used (sensible load) Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

This output is not used in temperature level control.
8 Not Used (latent load) Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output is not used in temperature level control.
9 Not Used (cooling load) Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output is not used in temperature level control.
10 Not Used (heating load) Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output is not used in temperature level control.
11 Additional output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The specified additional output. Care should be taken when using the additional outputs as the magnitude and
unit of the output are NOT carried with the output, making input-output checking impossible for these outputs.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of additional outputs 1 50

4–256
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.3. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Geometry Modes

(Choose 1) - Area Ratio Method

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Geometry Modes (Choose
Proforma
1)\Area Ratio Method\Geom0.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Geometry mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter specifies to the general single zone model that the view factors will be determined using area
ratios. Although this is not a correct procedure (and is not recommended), it may be adequate when the inside
surfaces are close in temperature and infrared energy exchange is not significant. Do not change this
parameter.

4–257
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.4. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Geometry Modes

(Choose 1) - Rectangular Parallelpiped Method

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Geometry Modes (Choose
Proforma
1)\Rectangular Parallelpiped Method\Geom1.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Geometry mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter specifies to the general single zone model that the view factors for the walls of the zone will be
determined using the geometry of a parallelpiped. Additional parameters are required when using this mode to
specify the location of window and door surfaces on a wall. Do not change this parameter.
2 Height of enclosure Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The height of the walls in the enclosure (zone). (See manual for further information.)
3 Width of enclosure Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The width of the enclosure (zone). (See manual for further information.)
4 Length of enclosure Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The length of the enclosure (zone). (See manual for further information.)
5 Wall surface number for IW1 Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
The surface number of the vertical wall associated with IW1 in the figure below. This wall should have
dimensions of height x width. (See manual for further information.)
6 Wall surface number for IW2 Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 2
The surface number of the vertical wall associated with IW2 in the figure below. This wall should have
dimensions of height x length. (See manual for further information.)
7 Wall surface number for IW3 Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 3
The surface number of the vertical wall associated with IW3 in the figure below. This wall should have
dimensions of height x width. (See manual for further information.)
8 Wall surface number for IW4 Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 4
The surface number of the vertical wall associated with IW4 in the figure below. This wall should have
dimensions of height x length. (See manual for further information.)
9 Surface number of floor Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 5
The surface number of the floor. Refer to the figure below for more details. Make sure that the floor has
dimensions of width x length. (See manual for further information.)
10 Surface number of ceiling Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 6
The surface number of the ceiling. Refer to the figure below for more details. Make sure that the ceiling has
dimensions of width x length. (See manual for further information.)
11 Number of windows,doors on walls Dimensionless - integer [0;9] 1
The number of windows and doors that are located on wall surfaces. For each wall or window that is located
on another wall surface, the height, width, and relative wall position will have to be specified.
12 Surface number of window,door Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 7
The surface number associated with the door or window in question.
13 Wall surface number of window,door Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
The surface number of the wall on which the specified window,door is located.
14 Horizontal placement for window,door Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The horizontal distance (Xwd) from the left edge of the wall surface to the left edge of the specified
window,door as viewed from inside the enclosure. (See manual for further information.)

4–258
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

15 Vertical placement for window,door Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0

The horizontal distance (Ywd) from the bottom edge of the wall surface to the bottom edge of the specified
window,door. (See manual for further information.)
16 Height of window,door Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The height of the specified window,door. (See manual for further information.)
17 Width of window,door Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The width of the specified window,door. (See manual for further information.)

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
12-17 Number of windows,doors on walls 1 50

4–259
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.5. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Geometry Modes

(Choose 1) - User Defined View Factors

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Geometry Modes (Choose
Proforma
1)\User Defined View Factors\Geom2.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Geometry mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter specifies to the general single zone model that the view factors will be entered by the user. Do
not change this parameter.
2 View factor Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.33
The specified surface to surface view factor. The view factor Fij is defined as the fraction of radiation leaving
surface i which is intercepted by surface j. View factors for different surface geometries may be found in many
heat transfer handbooks. For the TYPE 19 Single Zone Model, the view factors must be entered in a special
format. For example, if a 4 surface zone is to have its view factors entered by the user, the following parameters
would be required:
View factor 1: F12
View factor 2: F13
View factor 3: F14
View factor 4: F23
View factor 5: F24
View factor 6: F34
In all, N*(N-1)/2 view factors are required for a zone with N surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many view factor will be entered? (N*(N-1)/2)
2-2 1 105
(N=#Surfaces)

4–260
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.6. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Conduction Input Wall

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Conduction

Proforma
Input Wall\CondWall.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this conduction input wall. No two surfaces may
have the same surface number!!
2 Conduction wall specification Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
Specifies to the general single zone model that the heat transfer rate at the inner surface of this wall will be
provided as an input to this model.
Do not change this parameter.
3 Wall area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area (excluding windows and doors that are specified as separate surfaces) of this
conduction input wall.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the inside surface of this wall. The reflectance of a surface is defined as the
ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation upon the surface and,
therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The convection coefficient at the inside surface of this conduction-input wall. This convection coefficient
SHOULD NOT include the radiative resistance at the inner surface. Unless some detailed information about this
wall is known, the default value of 9.5785 kJ/hr.m2.K should be used!

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Heat transfer rate at inner surface Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which energy is transferred into the zone at the inside surface of this conduction-input wall.

4–261
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.7. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Exterior Walls - Standard ASHRAE Wall

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Exterior

Proforma
Walls\Standard ASHRAE Wall\AWall.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this specified exterior wall. No two surfaces
may have the same surface number!!
2 Exterior wall specification Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Specifies to the general single zone model that this wall interacts with the ambient conditions and is to be
considered as an exterior surface. Do not change this parameter.
3 Wall area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area (excluding windows and doors that are specified as separate surfaces) of this
exterior wall.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the inside surface of this exterior wall. The reflectance of a surface is
defined as the ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation upon the
surface and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Exterior solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of solar radiation of the exterior surface. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of the
absorbed solar radiation by a surface to the total solar radiation incident upon the surface and, therefore, must
be between 0 and 1.
6 ASHRAE table number Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter is used to inform the general model that the exterior wall description will be entered from a
specific ASHRAE table. Do not change this parameter. In this case, the wall description will be chosen from
either Table 4.8.3.8 or Table 4.8.3.9 of TRNSYS Volume 1.
7 Table entry number Dimensionless - integer [1;144] 37
The entry in either Table 4.9.3.8 or Table 4.8.3.9 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set corresponding
to the chosen exterior wall. The tables are repeated below for convenience.
(See manual for further information for table on available wall descriptions for Type 19)

4–262
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.8. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Exterior Walls - User Defined Layers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Exterior

Proforma
Walls\User Defined Layers\PWall.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this exterior wall. No two surfaces may have
the same surface number!!
2 Exterior wall specification Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Specifies to the general single zone model that this wall interacts with the ambient conditions and is to be
considered as an exterior surface. Do not change this parameter.
3 Wall area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area (excluding windows and doors that are specified as separate surfaces) of this
exterior wall.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the inside surface of this exterior wall. The reflectance of a surface is
defined as the ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation upon the
surface and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Exterior solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of solar radiation of the exterior surface. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of the
absorbed solar radiation by a surface to the total solar radiation incident upon the surface and, therefore, must
be between 0 and 1.
Transfer function
6 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
specification
This parameter is used to inform the general model that the exterior wall will be described by specification of
its transfer function coefficients.
7 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficent for the exterior wall. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include the
radiative resistance. Unless some detailed information about the surface is known, the default value should be
used.
8 Number of B coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 3
The number of B transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this exterior wall. Refer to the output of
the PREP program for a listing of the transfer function coefficients for the wall in question. The B transfer
function coefficients relate the history of the sol-air temperature for this surface.
9 Number of C coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of C transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this exterior wall. Refer to the output
from the PREP program for a list of the transfer functions for this exterior wall. The C transfer function
coefficients relate the history of the equivalent zone air temperature for this exterior wall.
10 Number of D coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of D transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this exterior wall. Refer to the output of
the PREP program for a listing of the transfer functions for this exterior wall. The D transfer function
coefficients relate the history of the heat flux for this surface.
11 B coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified B transfer coefficient of the exterior wall. The first B-coefficient represents b0, the coefficient of
the current sol-air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents b(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-1)th previous

4–263
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

hours' sol-air temperature.

12 C coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified C transfer coefficient of the exterior wall. The first C coefficient represents c0, the coefficient of
the current equivalent zone air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents c(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-
1)th previous hours' equivalent zone air temperature.
13 D coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified D transfer coefficient of the exterior wall. The first D coefficient represents d1, the coefficient of
the previous hours heat flux. The Nth coeffcient represents dN, the coefficient of the Nth previous hours' heat
flux.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of B coefficients 1 50
12-12 Number of C coefficients 1 50
13-13 Number of D coefficients 1 50

4–264
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.9. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Interior Partitions - Standard ASHRAE Partition

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Interior

Proforma
Partitions\Standard ASHRAE Partition\APart.tmf

4–265
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.10. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Interior Partitions - User Defined Layers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Interior

Proforma
Partitions\User Defined Layers\PPart.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this interior partition. No two surfaces may
have the same surface number!!
2 Interior partition specification Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Specifies to the general single zone model that this wall is exposed to identical conditions at both surfaces.
With this criteria, the wall is adiabatic at the centerline.
3 Wall area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area of the interior partition. If both sides of the partition are exposed to the inside of
the zone, the user should specify the area to include both faces of the partition.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the surface of this interior partition. The reflectance of a surface is defined
as the ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation upon the surface
and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Not used Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of solar radiation of the exterior surface is not used when specifying an interior partition. The
absorptance is defined as the ratio of the absorbed solar radiation by a surface to the total solar radiation
incident upon the surface and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
Transfer function
6 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
specification
This parameter is used to inform the general model that the interior partition will be described by specification
of its transfer function coefficients.
7 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficent for the interior partition. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include the
radiative resistance. Unless some detailed information about the surface is known, the default value should be
used.
8 Number of B coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 3
The number of B transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this interior partition. Refer to the output
of the PREP program for a listing of the transfer function coefficients for the wall in question. The B transfer
function coefficients relate the history of the sol-air temperature for this surface.
9 Number of C coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of C transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this interior partition. Refer to the output
from the PREP program for a list of the transfer functions for this partition. The C transfer function coefficients
relate the history of the equivalent zone air temperature for this partition.
10 Number of D coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of D transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this interior partition. Refer to the output
of the PREP program for a listing of the transfer functions for this partition. The D transfer function coefficients
relate the history of the heat flux for this surface.
11 B coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified B transfer coefficient of the interior partition. The first B-coefficient represents b0, the coefficient
of the current sol-air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents b(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-1)th previous

4–266
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

hours' sol-air temperature.

12 C coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified C transfer coefficient of the interior partition. The first C coefficient represents c0, the coefficient
of the current equivalent zone air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents c(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-
1)th previous hours' equivalent zone air temperature.
13 D coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified D transfer coefficient of the interior partition. The first D coefficient represents d1, the coefficient
of the previous hours heat flux. The Nth coeffcient represents dN, the coefficient of the Nth previous hours'
heat flux.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of B coefficients 1 50
12-12 Number of C coefficients 1 50
13-13 Number of D coefficients 1 50

4–267
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.11. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Roofs - Standard ASHRAE Roof

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone

Proforma
(Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Roofs\Standard ASHRAE Roof\ARoof.tmf

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident solar radiation upon the roof per unit area.

4–268
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.12. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls -

Roofs - User Defined Layers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Roofs\User

Proforma
Defined Layers\PRoof.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this roof. No two surfaces may have the same
surface number!!
2 Roof specification Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Specifies to the general single zone model that this roof interacts with the ambient conditions and is to be
considered as an exterior surface. Do not change this parameter.
3 Roof area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area (excluding windows and doors that are specified as separate surfaces) of this
roof.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the inside surface of this roof. The reflectance of a surface is defined as
the ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation upon the surface and,
therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Exterior solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of solar radiation of the exterior surface of the roof. The absorptance is defined as the ratio of
the absorbed solar radiation by a surface to the total solar radiation incident upon the surface and, therefore,
must be between 0 and 1.
Transfer function
6 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
specification
This parameter is used to inform the general model that the roof will be described by specification of its
transfer function coefficients.
7 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficent for the roof. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include the radiative
resistance. Unless some detailed information about the surface is known, the default value should be used.
8 Number of B coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 3
The number of B transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this roof. Refer to the output of the PREP
program for a listing of the transfer function coefficients for the roof in question. The B transfer function
coefficients relate the history of the sol-air temperature for this surface.
9 Number of C coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of C transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this roof. Refer to the output from the
PREP program for a list of the transfer functions for this roof. The C transfer function coefficients relate the
history of the equivalent zone air temperature for this roof.
10 Number of D coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of D transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this roof. Refer to the output of the PREP
program for a listing of the transfer functions for this roof. The D transfer function coefficients relate the history
of the heat flux for this surface.
11 B coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified B transfer coefficient of the roof. The first B-coefficient represents b0, the coefficient of the
current sol-air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents b(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-1)th previous hours'
sol-air temperature.

4–269
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 C coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0

The specified C transfer coefficient of the roof. The first C coefficient represents c0, the coefficient of the
current equivalent zone air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents c(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-1)th
previous hours' equivalent zone air temperature.
13 D coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified D transfer coefficient of the roof. The first D coefficient represents d1, the coefficient of the
previous hours heat flux. The Nth coeffcient represents dN, the coefficient of the Nth previous hours' heat flux.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of B coefficients 1 50
12-12 Number of C coefficients 1 50
13-13 Number of D coefficients 1 50

4–270
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.13. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls - Zone

Separation Wall - Standard ASHRAE Wall

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Zone

Proforma
Separation Wall\Standard ASHRAE Wall\AZsep.tmf

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Equivalent zone temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The equivalent zone temperature of the zone on the far side of the specified zone separation wall. The
equivalent temperature is the inside air temperature which, in the absence of radiative exchange at the inside
surface, gives the same heat transfer as actually occurs. This input is usually hooked up to one of the optional
outputs from another TYPE 19 component.
2 Temperature of adjacent zone Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the zone adjacent to the zone separation wall.
3 Additional conductane Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The single zone model allows for an additional conductance between the current zone and the zone adjacent to
the zone separation wall. The greater the conductance, the greater the thermal interaction between the zones.
This input allows for tremendous flexibility in the modeling of the thermal interaction between the two zones.

4–271
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.14. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Walls - Zone

Separation Wall - User Defined Layers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Surfaces\Walls\Zone

Proforma
Separation Wall\User Defined Layers\PZsep.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this zone separation wall. No two surfaces
may have the same surface number!!
2 Zone separation specification Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
Specifies to the general single zone model that this wall interacts with another zone. Do not change this
parameter.
3 Wall area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area of this zone separation wall.
4 Interior solar reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.5
The reflectance to solar radiation of the inside surface of this zone separation wall. The reflectance of a
surface is defined as the ratio of the reflected solar radiation by the surface to the total incident solar radiation
upon the surface and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
5 Not used Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of solar radiation of the exterior surface is not used in the zone separation wall. The
absorptance is defined as the ratio of the absorbed solar radiation by a surface to the total solar radiation
incident upon the surface and, therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
Transfer function
6 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
specification
This parameter is used to inform the general model that the zone separation wall will be described by
specification of its transfer function coefficients.
7 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficent for the zone separation wall. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include
the radiative resistance. Unless some detailed information about the surface is known, the default value
should be used.
8 Number of B coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 3
The number of B transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this zone separation wall. Refer to the
output of the PREP program for a listing of the transfer function coefficients for the wall in question. The B
transfer function coefficients relate the history of the sol-air temperature for this surface.
9 Number of C coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of C transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this zone separation wall. Refer to the
output from the PREP program for a list of the transfer functions for this wall. The C transfer function
coefficients relate the history of the equivalent zone air temperature for this wall.
10 Number of D coefficients Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 5
The number of D transfer function coefficients that will be entered for this zone separation wall. Refer to the
output of the PREP program for a listing of the transfer functions for this wall. The D transfer function
coefficients relate the history of the heat flux for this surface.
11 B coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified B transfer coefficient of the zone separation wall. The first B-coefficient represents b0, the
coefficient of the current sol-air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents b(N-1), the coefficient of the (N-
1)th previous hours' sol-air temperature.

4–272
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 C coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0

The specified C transfer coefficient of the zone separation wall. The first C coefficient represents c0, the
coefficient of the current equivalent zone air temperature. The Nth coefficient represents c(N-1), the coefficient
of the (N-1)th previous hours' equivalent zone air temperature.
13 D coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified D transfer coefficient of the zone separation wall. The first D coefficient represents d1, the
coefficient of the previous hours heat flux. The Nth coeffcient represents dN, the coefficient of the Nth previous
hours' heat flux.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of B coefficients 1 50
12-12 Number of C coefficients 1 50
13-13 Number of D coefficients 1 50

4–273
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.15. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Windows -

Transmittance as Input

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone

Proforma
(Type19)\Surfaces\Windows\Transmittance as Input\19Wind-2.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this window. No two surfaces may have the
same surface number!!
2 Window specification Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 5
Specifies to the general single zone model that this window interacts with the ambient conditions and is to be
considered as an exterior surface. Do not change this parameter.
3 Window area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area of this window.
4 Window mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general single zone model that this window will calculate the solar and thermal
energy transfer internally. Do not change this parameter.
5 Diffuse transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.6
The transmittance of the window to diffuse solar radiation. The transmittance of a surface is defined as the ratio
of energy transmitted by the surface to the total energy incident upon the surface and, therefore, must be
between 0 and 1.
6 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficient for the window. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include the radiative
resistance. Unless some detailed information about the window heat transfer is known, the default value should
be used.
7 Number of illuminated surfaces Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 1
The number of surfaces upon which the beam radiation from this window strikes. For each illuminated surface,
the fraction of beam radiation striking this surface will have to be entered.
8 Beam-struck surface Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
The unique surface number of the surface that the beam radiation strikes. Beam-struck surface 1 refers to the
surface number of the surface which is first struck by beam radiation.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
8-8 Number of illuminated surfaces 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Incident solar radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident solar radiation upon the window per unit area.
2 Incident beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;4871.0] 0.0
The beam radiation incident upon the window surface per unit area.
3 Transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.6
The overall trnsmittance of the window to solar radiation. The transmittance of the window is defined as the
ratio of solar energy transmitted through the window to the total incident radiation upon the window and,

4–274
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

therefore, must be between 0 and 1.

4 Loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The loss coefficient of the window plus any night insulation. This loss coefficient should not include the
convection resistance at the inner or outer surfaces.
Fraction striking illuminated
5 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
surface
The fraction of beam radiation that strikes the first illuminated surface specified in the parameter list. For
example, if 1/2 the beam radiation stikes the floor first (surface number 6 for example) and the other 1/2strikes
the back wall (surface number 9 for example), then:
-the parameter Number of Illuminated Surface would be equal to 2
-the parameter Beam-Struck Surface 1 would be set to 6
-the parameter Beam-Struck Surface 2 would be set to 9
-the input Fraction Striking Illuminated Surface 1 (which in this case is surface number 6) would be 0.5
-the input Fraction Striking Illuminated Surface 2 (which in this case is surface number 9) would be 0.5

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-5 Number of illuminated surfaces 1 50

4–275
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.16. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Surfaces - Windows -

Transmittance Calculated Internally

Icon TRNSYS Model Type -19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone

Proforma
(Type19)\Surfaces\Windows\Transmittance Calculated Internally\19Wind-1.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface number Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
A unique integer identifying the surface number associated with this window. No two surfaces may have the
same surface number!!
2 Window specification Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 5
Specifies to the general single zone model that this window interacts with the ambient conditions and is to be
considered as an exterior surface. Do not change this parameter.
3 Window area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall inside surface area of this window.
4 Window mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter indicates to the general single zone model that this window will take as inputs the solar and
thermal energy transfer. Do not change this parameter.
5 Diffuse transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.6
The transmittance of the window to diffuse solar radiation. The transmittance of a surface is defined as the ratio
of energy transmitted by the surface to the total energy incident upon the surface and, therefore, must be
between 0 and 1.
6 Inside convection coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 9.5785
The inside convection coefficient for the window. This convection coefficient DOES NOT include the radiative
resistance. Unless some detailed information about the window heat transfer is known, the default value should
be used.
7 Number of illuminated surfaces Dimensionless - integer [0;15] 1
The number of surfaces upon which the beam radiation from this window strikes. For each illuminated surface,
the fraction of beam radiation striking this surface will have to be entered.
8 Beam-struck surface Dimensionless - integer [1;15] 1
The unique surface number of the surface that the beam radiation strikes. Beam-struck surface 1 refers to the
surface number of the surface which is first struck by beam radiation.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
8-8 Number of illuminated surfaces 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total solar through window Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which total (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) solar radiation passes through the
window.
2 Beam radiation through window Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which beam radiation passes through the window.
3 Thermal energy gain Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which thermal energy is transferred to the zone through the window.

4–276
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Fraction striking illuminated surface Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2

The fraction of beam radiation that strikes the first illuminated surface specified in the parameter list. For
example, if 1/2 the beam radiation stikes the floor first (surface number 6 for example) and the other 1/2strikes
the back wall (surface number 9 for example),
then:
-the parameter Number of Illuminated Surface would be equal to 2
-the parameter Beam-Struck Surface 1 would be set to 6
-the parameter Beam-Struck Surface 2 would be set to 9
-the input Fraction Striking Illuminated Surface 1 (which in this case is surface number 6) would be 0.5
-the input Fraction Striking Illuminated Surface 2 (which in this case is surface number 9) would be 0.5

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
4-4 Number of illuminated surfaces 1 50

4–277
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.17. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Zone (Must Choose 1) -

Energy rate Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Zone (Must Choose
Proforma
1)\Energy rate Control\ERZone.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Energy rate control Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The single zone model may operate in either energy rate control or in temperature level control. In energy rate
control, the space is assumed to always stay within the specified temperature and humidity ranges. The
energy required to stay within these ranges is output from this component and is independent of any heating
or cooling equipment operation.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Volume of air Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 15000
The volume of air in the zone. The volume of air in the zone is used solely to calculate the moisture
capacitance of the zone. Artificially increasing this volume to account for additional moisture capacitance of
furnishings etc. will not affect the other calculations and is recommended.
3 Infiltration constant 1 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049
Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07
Tight construction is defined as a new building where special precautions have been taken to prevent
infiltration. Medium construction is defined as conventional construction procedures. Loose construction is
defined as evidence of poor construction on
older buildings where joints have separated.
4 Infiltration constant 2 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049
Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07
Tight construction is defined as a new building where special precautions have been taken to prevent
infiltration. Medium construction is defined as conventional construction procedures. Loose construction is
defined as evidence of poor construction on
older buildings where joints have separated.
5 Infiltration constant 3 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049

4–278
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07

Tight construction is defined as a new building where special precautions have been taken to prevent
infiltration. Medium construction is defined as conventional construction procedures. Loose construction is
defined as evidence of poor construction on
older buildings where joints have separated.
6 Capacitance Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 800000.0
The effective thermal capacitance of the room air and furnishings plus any mass not considered with the
transfer functions.
7 Total number of surfaces Dimensionless - real [1;15] 5
The total number of surface comprising the zone.
8 Initial room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The initial temperature of the zone. This initial temperature is also used to calculate the inside radiation
coefficients which are assumed to remain constant over the simulation. Refer to equation 4.8.3.7 in Volume 1
of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
9 Initial room humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.00;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the zone air at the beginning of the simulation. The absolute humidity ratio is
defined as:
humidity ratio = kg's of water / kg of dry air
10 Heating set point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature above which the zone will be maintained for the simulation. If the calculated zone
temperature falls below this set point temperature, the temperature will be raised to the set point and the
energy required to raise the zone to the set point will be set as an output.
11 Cooling set point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The temperature below which the zone temperature will be maintained for the simulation. If the calculated
zone temperature is above this set point, the zone temperature will be set to the set point temperature and the
energy required to achieve this setpoint will be set as an output.
12 Humidification set point Dimensionless - real [0.00;0.5] 0.006
The humidity ratio above which the zone air will be maintained for the simulation. If the zone humidity ratio is
calculated to be below this set point, the zone humidity ratio will be raised to the set point and the energy
required to achieve this set point will be set as an output.
13 Dehumidification set point Dimensionless - real [0.00;0.5] 0.008
The humidity ratio below which the store air will be maintained for the simulation. If the caculated zone
humidity ratio is above this set point, the humidity ratio will be set to this set point and the energy required to
achieve this set point will be set as an output.

4–279
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Number of people in zone Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 12

The number of people in the zone during the timestep. The number of people will be used to calculate the
internal gains.
8 Activity level of people Dimensionless - integer [1;11] 4
The average activity level of the people in the zone. The activity level and the number of people in the zone
will be used to calculate the internal gains due to people.
1 = Seated at rest (reading, watching tv)
2 = Seated, very light work (writing)
3 = Seated (eating)
4 = Seated, light work (typing)
5 = Standing, light work, or walking slowly
6 = Light bench work
7 = Walking, light machine work
8 = Bowling
9 = Moderate dancing
10 = Heavy work, heavy machine work, lifting
11 = Heavy work, athletics
Refer to table 4.8.3.2 for more details.
9 Radiative gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The radiative energy input due to lights, equipment, etc. Do not include people in this input as 30% of the
gains by people is already assumed to be radiative.
10 Other internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of energy transfer to the zone due to internal gains other than people or lights.
11 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The speed of the wind flowing past the zone.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Zone temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the zone in question.
2 Zone humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.00;0.1] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the zone in question. The absolute humidity ratio is defined as the ratio of the
mass of water in a volume of air to the mass of the air (kg's H2O / kg of dry air).
3 Convection gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The energy gain to the zone due to convection from all surfaces that define the zone.
4 People gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible energy gain to the zone due to convection from people inside the zone. The gain due to people is
calculated from knowledge of the number of people in the zone and their associated activity level.
5 Infiltration gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible energy gains to the zone due to infiltration from the environment. The sensible energy gains are
calculated from the zone temperature, the ambient temperature and knowledge of the infiltration rate.
6 Ventilation gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible energy gains to the zone due to the ventilation air stream. The ventilation energy gain is
calculated from the zone temperature, the ventilation supply temperature, and the ventilation flow rate.
7 Sensible load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sensible load on the zone. The sensible load is defined as the energy required by auxiliary heating or
cooling equipment in order to keep the zone temperature within the comfort zone. Cooling is positive while
heating is negative.
8 Latent load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The latent load on the zone. The latent load is defined as the energy required to keep the humidity level within
the comfort region. Dehumidification is a positive latent load, while humidification is a negative latent load.
9 Maximum cooling load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–280
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The maximum cooling load on the zone during the timestep.

10 Maximum heating load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The maximum heating load for the zone during the timestep.

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
Please specify the name of the file containing the ASHRAE Transfer Function \TRNWIN\ASHRAE.COF
ASSIGN
coefficients; followed by a space and the number 8. 8

4–281
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.18. Detailed Single Zone (Type19) - Zone (Must Choose 1) -

Temperature Level Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 19

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone (Type19)\Zone (Must Choose
Proforma
1)\Temperature Level Control\TLZone.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature level control Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The single zone model may operate in either energy rate control or in temperature level control. In energy rate
control, the space is assumed to always stay within the specified temperature and humidity ranges. The energy
required to stay within these ranges is output from this component and is independent of any heating or cooling
equipment operation.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Volume of air Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 15000
The volume of air in the zone. The volume of air in the zone is used solely to calculate the moisture capacitance
of the zone. Artificially increasing this volume to account for additional moisture capacitance of furnishings etc.
will not affect the other calculations and is recommended.
3 Infiltration constant 1 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049
Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07
Tight construction is defined as a new building where special precautions have been taken to prevent
infiltration. Medium construction is defined as conventional construction procedures. Loose construction is
defined as evidence of poor construction on
older buildings where joints have separated.
4 Infiltration constant 2 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049
Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07
Tight construction is defined as a new building where special precautions have been taken to prevent
infiltration. Medium construction is defined as conventional construction procedures. Loose construction is
defined as evidence of poor construction on
older buildings where joints have separated.
5 Infiltration constant 3 Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.10
The infiltration flow rate to the zone is calculated from an empirical relationship of the form:
minfl = rho*vol*(K1 + K2*(Tamb-Tzone) + K3*WV)
(See manual for further information on equation)
ASHRAE recommends the following values for these constants:
K1 K2 K3
Tight construction ---> 0.1 0.011 0.034
Medium construction ---> 0.1 0.017 0.049

4–282
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Loose construction ---> 0.1 0.023 0.07

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the ambient air.
2 Ambient humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.00;0.5] 0.005
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. The absolute humidity ratio is defined as:
humidity ratio = kg's of water / kg of dry air
3 Ventilation stream temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The temperature of the ventilation air being supplied to the zone.
4 Ventilation flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 30.0
The flow rate of the ventilation flow stream to the zone.
5 Ventilation humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.000;0.5] 0.005
The absolute humidity ratio of the ventilation flow stream. The humidity ratio is defined as:
humidity ratio = kg's of water / kg of dry air
6 Rate of moisture gain Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The rate of moisture gain in the space excluding the effects of people.
7 Number of people in zone Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 12
The number of people in the zone during the timestep. The number of people will be used to calculate the
internal gains.
8 Activity level of people Dimensionless - integer [1;11] 4
The average activity level of the people in the zone. The activity level and the number of people in the zone
will be used to calculate the internal gains due to people.
1 = Seated at rest (reading, watching tv)
2 = Seated, very light work (writing)
3 = Seated (eating)
4 = Seated, light work (typing)
5 = Standing, light work, or walking slowly
6 = Light bench work
7 = Walking, light machine work
8 = Bowling
9 = Moderate dancing
10 = Heavy work, heavy machine work, lifting
11 = Heavy work, athletics
Refer to table 4.8.3.2 for more details.

4–283
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Radiative gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0

The radiative energy input due to lights, equipment, etc.
Do not include people in this input as 30% of the gains by people is already assumed to be radiative.
10 Other internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate of energy transfer to the zone due to internal gains other than people or lights.
11 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The speed of the wind flowing past the zone.

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
Please specify the name of the file containing the ASHRAE Transfer Function \TRNWIN\ASHRAE.COF
ASSIGN
coefficients; followed by a space and an 8. 8

4–284
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.19. Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12) - Energy

Rate Control - Heating and Cooling

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 12

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12)\Energy Rate
Proforma
Control\Heating and Cooling\Type12b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Heating and cooling mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
The heating and cooling mode specifies to the general energy/degree-hour house model that the heating and
cooling loads should both be calculated using energy rate control.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Overall conductance of house Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The overall conductance for heat loss from the house. The thermal losses from the house are calculated by:
Qloss = UA *(Thouse - Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 House thermal capacitance Thermal Capacitance kJ/K real [0.0;+Inf] 10000.0
The effective lumped thermal capacitance of the house. For computational stability this number should be
chosen so that the maximum swing of room temperature in a timestep is on the order of the controller dead
band ranges.
4 Initial room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the house at the beginning of the simulation.
5 Specific heat of source fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing into the hot source side of the heat exchanger.
6 Effectiveness-Cmin product Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The effectiveness-Cmin product of the load heat exchanger. The effectiveness is a measure of the efficiency of
the heat exchanger and is defined as the heat transfer across the heat exchanger divided by the maximum
possible heat transfer and therefore must be between 0 and 1. Cmin is the minimum capacitance rate (flow rate
* specific heat) of the two fluids flowing through the heat exchanger. The effectiveness-Cmin product will be
used to calculate the heat transfer to the room from the source stream:
Qhx = EffCmin * (Tin - Thouse)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Heating set point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature at which the house will be maintained during the heating season.
8 Cooling set point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The temperature at which the house will be maintained during the cooling season.
9 Latent heat ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.23
When degree-day loads are used for air conditioning calculations, ASHRAE suggests multiplying the sensible
load by a constant factor to account for latent loads. This parameter is used for this purpose. ASHRAE
recommends latent load to sensible load ratios of about 0.3 or a latent heat ratio of 0.23. The total and latent
cooling loads are calculated as:
Qcool = Qsens/(1-LHR)
Qlat = Qcool - Qsens
(See manual for further information on equations)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–285
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the fluid flowing from the heat source into the hot side of the load heat exchanger.
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the hot side of the heat exchanger from the heat source.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment surrounding the house.
4 Internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time variant internal gains in the house. The gains will be subtracted from the house thermal losses in order
to calculate the amount of energy required by the house to maintain the set point temperature:
Qrequired = Qloss - Qgain

4–286
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.20. Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12) - Energy

Rate Control - Heating Only

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 12

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12)\Energy Rate
Proforma
Control\Heating Only\Type12a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Auxiliary heat mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The energy/degree-hour house may operate in one of two auxiliary heat modes:
1 = Parallel Auxiliary: auxiliary energy makes up only that part of the load which cannot be extracted from the
inlet flow stream.
2 = Series Auxiliary: auxiliary supplies the entire load via a bypass circuit when the inlet flow stream cannot
meet the load
2 Overall conductance of house Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The overall conductance for heat loss from the house. The thermal losses from the house are calculated by:
Qloss = UA *(Thouse - Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 House set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature at which the house is to be maintained during the heating season.
4 Flow rate when pump is operating Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The fluid flow rate when the pump is operational. The energy/degree-hour house routine will turn on the pump
when the house requires heating and the source stream is hotter than the room temperature in parallel auxiliary
mode. In series auxiliary mode, the pump will only be turn on when the source stream is sufficient to meet the
entire heating load.
5 Specific heat of source fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing into the hot source side of the heat exchanger.
6 Effectiveness-Cmin product Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The effectiveness-Cmin product of the load heat exchanger. The effectiveness is a measure of the efficiency of
the heat exchanger and is defined as the heat transfer across the heat exchanger divided by the maximum
possible heat transfer and therefore must be between 0 and 1. Cmin is the minimum capacitance rate (flow rate
* specific heat) of the two fluids flowing through the heat exchanger. The effectiveness-Cmin product will be
used to calculate the heat transfer to the room from the source stream:
Qhx = EffCmin * (Tin - Thouse)
(See manual for further information on equation)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the heat source into the hot side of the load heat exchanger.
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the hot side of the heat exchanger from the heat source. ***This input is used only
for convergence checking. This component includes a pump and therefore sets the flow rate for the fluid loop.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment surrounding the house.
4 Internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time variant internal gains in the house. The gains will be subtracted from the house thermal losses in order
to calculate the amount of energy required by the house to maintain the set point temperature:

4–287
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Qrequired = Qloss - Qgain

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature to heat source Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature exiting the hot-side of the heat exchanger and returning to the heat source. The temperature
to the heat source is calculated from knowledge of the inlet source temperature, the heat exchanger heat
transfer, and the pump flow rate:
Tout = Tin - Qhx/mdot/Cp
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Flow rate to heat source Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of source fluid returning to the heat source. This component includes a pump and therefore sets
the flowrate for the fluid loop. In parallel auxiliary heating mode, the outlet flow rate is zero when no house
heating is required or the inlet source temperature is less than the house temperature. In series auxiliary
heating mode, the flow rate is zero unless the source flow is sufficient to meet the entire heating load of the
house. For either auxiliary mode, the outlet flow rate is the parameter-specified flow
rate otherwise.
3 Heating load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous heating load of the house. The heating load is calculated by the following relation:
Qload = UA*(Thouse-Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
4 Average house temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the house. In this mode, it is assumed that the load is always exactly met.
Therefore the average house temperature will always be the set point temperature for heating.
5 Heat transfer rate across HX Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred between the fluid streams in the heat exchanger. The heat transfer rate is
calculated by:
Qhx = Min(Qrequired, EffCmin*(Tin - Thouse))
(See manual for further information on equation)
6 Required auxiliary rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which auxiliary energy is required to keep the house at the set point temperature. In parallel
auxiliary mode, the required auxiliary heating rate is the total required heating rate minus the heating rate
supplied by the source fluid. In series auxiliary mode, the auxiliary is 0 if the source flow is sufficient to meet the
entire house heating load or the entire house heating load otherwise.

4–288
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.21. Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12) -

Temperature Level Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 12

Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Energy (Degree Day) Space Load (Type12)\Temperature
Proforma
Level Control\Type12c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature level control Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
The temperature level control mode specifies to the general energy/degree-hour house model that the house
temperature is allowed to float.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Overall conductance of house Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The overall conductance for heat loss from the house. The thermal losses from the house are calculated by:
Qloss = UA *(Thouse - Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 House thermal capacitance Thermal Capacitance kJ/K real [0.0;+Inf] 10000.0
The effective lumped thermal capacitance of the house. For computational stability this number should be
chosen so that the maximum swing of room temperature in a timestep is on the order of the controller dead
band ranges.
4 Initial room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the house at the beginning of the simulation.
5 Specific heat of source fluid Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing into the hot source side of the heat exchanger.
6 Effectiveness-Cmin product Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The effectiveness-Cmin product of the load heat exchanger. The effectiveness is a measure of the efficiency of
the heat exchanger and is defined as the heat transfer across the heat exchanger divided by the maximum
possible heat transfer and therefore must be between 0 and 1. Cmin is the minimum capacitance rate (flow rate
* specific heat) of the two fluids flowing through the heat exchanger. The effectiveness-Cmin product will be
used to calculate the heat transfer to the room from the source stream:
Qhx = EffCmin * (Tin - Thouse)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Latent heat ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.23
When degree-day loads are used for air conditioning calculations, ASHRAE suggests multiplying the sensible
load by a constant factor to account for latent loads. This parameter is used for this purpose. ASHRAE
recommends latent load to sensible load ratios of about 0.3 or a latent heat ratio of 0.23. The total and latent
cooling loads are calculated as:
Qcool = Qsens/(1-LHR)
Qlat = Qcool - Qsens
(See manual for further information on equations)

4–289
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the environment surrounding the house.

4 Internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The time variant internal gains in the house. The gains will be subtracted from the house thermal losses in order
to calculate the amount of energy required by the house to maintain the set point temperature:
Qrequired = Qloss - Qgain
5 Auxiliary heat input Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which auxiliary heat is added to the house.
6 Cooling input Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The rate at which cooling energy is removed from the house.

4–290
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.5.22. Lumped Capacitance Building (Type 88)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 88

Proforma Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Lumped Capacitance Building (Type 88)\Type88.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Building loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 1
2 Building capacitance any any real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The overall conductance for heat loss from the house. The thermal losses from the house are calculated by:
Qloss = UA *(Thouse - Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
3 Specific heat of building air Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature at which the house is to be maintained during the heating season.
4 Density of building air Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The fluid flow rate when the pump is operational. The energy/degree-hour house routine will turn on the pump
when the house requires heating and the source stream is hotter than the room temperature in parallel
auxiliary mode. In series auxiliary mode, the pump will only be turn on when the source stream is sufficient to
meet the entire heating load.
5 Building surface area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4.19
The specific heat of the fluid flowing into the hot source side of the heat exchanger.
6 Building volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The effectiveness-Cmin product of the load heat exchanger. The effectiveness is a measure of the efficiency
of the heat exchanger and is defined as the heat transfer across the heat exchanger divided by the maximum
possible heat transfer and therefore must be between 0 and 1. Cmin is the minimum capacitance rate (flow
rate * specific heat) of the two fluids flowing through the heat exchanger. The effectiveness-Cmin product will
be used to calculate the heat transfer to the room from the source stream:
Qhx = EffCmin * (Tin - Thouse)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Humidity ratio multiplier Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Initial humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Latent heat of vaporization Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature of ventilation air Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the heat source into the hot side of the load heat exchanger.
2 Humidity ratio of ventilation air Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the hot side of the heat exchanger from the heat source. ***This input is used
only for convergence checking. This component includes a pump and therefore sets the flow rate for the fluid
loop.
3 Ventilation mass flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment surrounding the house.
4 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time variant internal gains in the house. The gains will be subtracted from the house thermal losses in
order to calculate the amount of energy required by the house to maintain the set point temperature:
Qrequired = Qloss - Qgain

4–291
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Ambient humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

6 Mass flow rate of infiltration air Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Rate of energy gain from lights Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Rate of energy from equipment Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Rate of sensible energy gain from people Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Rate of humidity gain Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Zone temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature exiting the hot-side of the heat exchanger and returning to the heat source. The temperature
to the heat source is calculated from knowledge of the inlet source temperature, the heat exchanger heat
transfer, and the pump flow rate:
Tout = Tin - Qhx/mdot/Cp
(See manual for further information on equation)
2 Zone humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of source fluid returning to the heat source. This component includes a pump and therefore sets
the flowrate for the fluid loop. In parallel auxiliary heating mode, the outlet flow rate is zero when no house
heating is required or the inlet source temperature is less than the house temperature. In series auxiliary
heating mode, the flow rate is zero unless the source flow is sufficient to meet the entire heating load of the
house. For either auxiliary mode, the outlet flow rate is the parameter-specified flow rate otherwise.
3 Mass flow rate of ventilation rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous heating load of the house. The heating load is calculated by the following relation:
Qload = UA*(Thouse-Tamb) - Qgain
(See manual for further information on equation)
4 Mass flow rate of infiltration air1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the house. In this mode, it is assumed that the load is always exactly met.
Therefore the average house temperature will always be the set point temperature for heating.
5 Sensible energy gain from infiltration Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which heat is transferred between the fluid streams in the heat exchanger. The heat transfer rate is
calculated by:
Qhx = Min(Qrequired, EffCmin*(Tin - Thouse))
(See manual for further information on equation)
6 Latent energy gain from infiltration Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which auxiliary energy is required to keep the house at the set point temperature. In parallel
auxiliary mode, the required auxiliary heating rate is the total required heating rate minus the heating rate
supplied by the source fluid. In series auxiliary mode, the auxiliary is 0 if the source flow is sufficient to meet the
entire house heating load or the entire house heating load otherwise.
7 Sensible energy gain from ventilation Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Latent energy gain from ventilation Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Condensation Energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The amount of energy contained in the condensation assumed to drain from the zone if the calculated humidity
ratio is greater than the saturation humidity ratio.

4–292
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.6. Thermal Storage Wall

4.7.6.1. Flowrate as Input, Transmittance Calculated Internally

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 36

Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate as Input, Transmittance Calculated

Proforma
Internally\Type36c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
Setting this parameter to 3 indicates to the general thermal storage wall model that the air flow rate will be set
as an input and the transmittance will be calculated internally.
2 Wall height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3
The height of the thermal storage wall.
3 Wall width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The width of the thermal storage wall.
4 Wall thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.3
The thickness of the thermal storage wall.
5 Wall conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the thermal storage wall.
6 Specific capacitance of wall any any real [0.0;+Inf] 3000.0
The product of the wall density and wall specific heat.
7 Wall solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The solar absorptance of the thermal storage wall. The absorptance is a ratio of the radiation absorbed by a
surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface, and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
8 Wall emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The emittance of the outside surface of the thermal storage wall. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the
radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same
temperature. The emittance must therefore be between 0 and 1.
9 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
The emittance of the glazing material. The emittance is defined as the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to
the radiation emited by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. The emittance must
therefore be between 0 and 1.
10 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the thermal storage wall.
Spacing between wall and
11 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
glazing
The distance between the outside surface of the thermal storage wall and the first glazing cover.
12 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient and the glazing thickness for one of the identical glass covers of the
thermal storage wall (KL product).
13 Refractive index Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of one of the identical glass covers of the thermal storage wall.

4–293
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control function Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] 0
The control function determines whether mass flow of air is allowed and to what sink the air is exchanged.
If the control signal = 1, the air in the gap is exchanged with air from the room.
If the control signal = -1, the air in the gap is exchanged with air from the ambient.
If the control signal is neither 1 nor -1, there is assumed to be no air flow through the gap.
2 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10
The temperature of the air in the room to which the thermal storage wall is attached.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the ambient air.
4 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The speed of the wind across the outside surface of the thermal storage wall.
5 Outside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The overall heat transfer coefficient from the first glazing of the thermal storage wall to the ambient.
6 Inside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
The overall loss coefficient from the inside wall surface to the room.
7 Total radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the thermal storage wall
per unit area.
8 Beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation incident on the outer glazing of the thermal storage wall per unit area.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 10.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation on the outer glazing of the thermal storage wall.
10 Inlet air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The flow rate of air through the gap in the thermal storage wall.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Energy flow to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the room from the thermal storage wall (includes ventilation and wall
heat transfer).
2 Internal energy change rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of change of the wall internal energy with respect to time (dU/dt). This output is a rate quantity and
should be integrated if an energy balance is to be done.
3 Solar absorption rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which solar energy is absorbd by the thermal storage wall.
4 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is lost from the thermal storage wall to the ambient.
5 Wall to room heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred from the inside wall surface to the room.
6 Glazing to ambient heat transfer Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred from the first glazing to the ambient.
7 Ventilation energy flow Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred due to the flow rate of air through the gap.
8 Air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of air through the gap in the thermal storage wall.
9 Outlet air temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–294
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the air exiting the gap in the thermal storage wall.
10 Temperature of first glazing Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the first glazing of the thermal storage wall.
11 Temperature of wall node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the specified wall node. Wall node 1 is defined to be the temperature of the outside
surface of the wall. Wall node N, where N is the number of wall nodes specified in the derivatives section, is
defined to be the temperature of the inside surface of the wall.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of wall node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified wall node. Wall node 1 is defined to be the outside surface of the wall.
Wall node N, where N is the total number of wall nodes specified, is defined to be the inside surface of the wall.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

4–295
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.6.2. Flowrate Calculated Internally, Transmittance as Input

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 36

Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate Calculated Internally, Transmittance as

Proforma
Input\Type36b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 2 indicates to the general thermal storage wall model that the air flow rate will be
calculated internally and the transmittance will be set as an input.
2 Wall height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3
The height of the thermal storage wall.
3 Wall width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The width of the thermal storage wall.
4 Wall thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.3
The thickness of the thermal storage wall.
5 Wall conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the thermal storage wall.
6 Specific capacitance of wall any any real [0.0;+Inf] 3000.0
The product of the wall density and wall specific heat.
7 Wall solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The solar absorptance of the thermal storage wall. The absorptance is a ratio of the radiation absorbed by a
surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface, and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
8 Wall emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The emittance of the outside surface of the thermal storage wall. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the
radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same
temperature. The emittance must therefore be between 0 and 1.
9 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
The emittance of the glazing material. The emittance is defined as the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to
the radiation emited by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. The emittance must
therefore be between 0 and 1.
10 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the thermal storage wall.
Spacing between wall and
11 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
glazing
The distance between the outside surface of the thermal storage wall and the first glazing cover.
12 Vent outlet area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The total outlet area of the vent.
13 Distance between vents Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The vertical distance between the inlet and outlet vents in the thermal storage wall.

4–296
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

If the control signal = -1, the air in the gap is exchanged with air from the ambient.
If the control signal is neither 1 nor -1, there is assumed to be no air flow through the gap.
2 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10
The temperature of the air in the room to which the thermal storage wall is attached.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the ambient air.
4 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The speed of the wind across the outside surface of the thermal storage wall.
5 Outside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The overall heat transfer coefficient from the first glazing of the thermal storage wall to the ambient.
6 Inside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
The overall loss coefficient from the inside wall surface to the room.
7 Total radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the thermal storage wall
per unit area.
8 Glazing transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The transmittance of one of the identical glazings covering the thermal storage wall. The transmittance is
defined as the ratio of the radiation transmitted through a surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface
and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.

4–297
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

4–298
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.6.3. Flowrate, Transmittance as Inputs

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 36

Proforma Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate, Transmittance as Inputs\Type36a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general thermal storage wall model that the air flow rate and the
transmittance will be set as inputs.
2 Wall height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3
The height of the thermal storage wall.
3 Wall width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The width of the thermal storage wall.
4 Wall thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.3
The thickness of the thermal storage wall.
5 Wall conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the thermal storage wall.
6 Wall specific capacitance any any real [0.0;+Inf] 3000.0
The product of the wall density and wall specific heat.
7 Wall solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The solar absorptance of the thermal storage wall. The absorptance is a ratio of the radiation absorbed by a
surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface, and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
8 Wall emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The emittance of the outside surface of the thermal storage wall. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the
radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same
temperature. The emittance must therefore be between 0 and 1.
9 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
The emittance of the glazing material. The emittance is defined as the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to
the radiation emited by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. The emittance must
therefore be between 0 and 1.
10 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the thermal storage wall.
Spacing between wall and
11 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
glazing
The distance between the outside surface of the thermal storage wall and the first glazing cover.

4–299
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the ambient air.

4 Wind speed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The speed of the wind across the outside surface of the thermal storage wall.
5 Outside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The overall heat transfer coefficient from the first glazing of the thermal storage wall to the ambient.
6 Inside loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 11.0
The overall loss coefficient from the inside wall surface to the room.
7 Total radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the thermal storage wall
per unit area.
8 Glazing transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The transmittance of one of the identical glazings covering the thermal storage wall. The transmittance is
defined as the ratio of the radiation transmitted through a surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface
and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
9 Inlet air flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The flow rate of air through the gap in the thermal storage wall.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

4–300
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

4–301
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.6.4. Flowrate, Transmittance Calculated Internally

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 36

Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate, Transmittance Calculated

Proforma
Internally\Type36d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
Setting this parameter to 4 indicates to the general thermal storage wall model that the air flow rate and the
transmittance will be calculated internally.
2 Wall height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3
The height of the thermal storage wall.
3 Wall width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The width of the thermal storage wall.
4 Wall thickness Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.3
The thickness of the thermal storage wall.
5 Wall conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the thermal storage wall.
6 Specific capacitance of wall any any real [0.0;+Inf] 3000.0
The product of the wall density and wall specific heat.
7 Wall solar absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The solar absorptance of the thermal storage wall. The absorptance is a ratio of the radiation absorbed by a
surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface, and therefore, must be between 0 and 1.
8 Wall emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.8
The emittance of the outside surface of the thermal storage wall. The emittance is defined as the ratio of the
radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same
temperature. The emittance must therefore be between 0 and 1.
9 Glazing emittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
The emittance of the glazing material. The emittance is defined as the ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to
the radiation emited by a black body (the perfect emitter) at the same temperature. The emittance must
therefore be between 0 and 1.
10 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the thermal storage wall.
Spacing between wall and
11 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
glazing
The distance between the outside surface of the thermal storage wall and the first glazing cover.
12 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient and the glazing thickness for one of the identical glass covers of the
thermal storage wall (KL product).
13 Refractive index Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of one of the identical glass covers of the thermal storage wall.
14 Vent outlet area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The total outlet area of the vent.
15 Distance between vents Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The vertical distance between the inlet and outlet vents in the thermal storage wall.

4–302
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–303
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the first glazing of the thermal storage wall.

11 Temperature of wall node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the specified wall node. Wall node 1 is defined to be the temperature of the outside
surface of the wall. Wall node N, where N is the number of wall nodes specified in the derivatives section, is
defined to be the temperature of the inside surface of the wall.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many nodes should be used to model the wall? 3 10

4–304
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.7. Window

4.7.7.1. Measured Data

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 35

Proforma Loads and Structures\Window\Measured Data\Type35a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Window mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 informs the general window component that the transmittance is to be supplied as
an input.
2 Area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.50
The area of the window.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the room in which the window is located.
2 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment to which the window is subjected.
3 Loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The heat transfer coefficient of the window. Typical values may be found in the ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals.
4 Total solar radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the window per unit area.
5 Window transmittance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.65
The average transmittance of the window over the timestep. The transmittance is defined as the ratio of
transmitted radiation to the total incident solar radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Energy flow to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The net rate at which energy is transferred to the room. This quantity includes both transmitted solar radiation
and heat transfer to the environment.
2 Solar radiation to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which solar radiation is transmitted to the room through the window.
3 Thermal energy to room Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy transfer to the room from the environment.

4–305
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.7.7.2. Theoretical

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 35

Proforma Loads and Structures\Window\Theoretical\Type35b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Window mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 2 informs the general window component that the transmittance is to be calculated as
a function of the material properties.
2 Area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.50
The area of the window.
3 Number of glazings Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glazings in the window to be modeled.
4 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient of one of the identical glazings and the thickness of the glazing (KL
product).
5 Refractive index Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of one of the identical glazings of the window.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Room temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the room in which the window is located.
2 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment to which the window is subjected.
3 Loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The heat transfer coefficient of the window. Typical values may be found in the ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals.
4 Total solar radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the window per unit area.
5 Beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation per unit area incident upon the window surface.
6 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;+90.0] 20.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation on the window surface.

4–306
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate at which beam solar radiation enters the room.

5 Overall transmittance Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The overall transmittance of the window to solar radiation.
6 Beam transmittance Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The transmittance of the window to beam radiation.
7 Diffuse transmittance Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The transmittance of the window to sky diffuse and ground reflected solar radiation.

4–307
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8. Obsolete

4.8.1. Absorption Air Conditioners (Type7)

4.8.1.1. Energy Rate Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 7

Proforma Obsolete\Absorption Air Conditioners (Type7)\Energy Rate Control\Type7b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Chiller model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Users have the choice of using correlations from one of two commercially availbale Lithium Bromide - Water
absorption chillers:
1= Use correlations from the Arkla Model WFC-7.5; a nominal 7.5 ton machine.
2 = Use correlations from the Yazaki Model WF-36; a nominal 3-ton machine.
2 Auxiliary heat mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
The chiller model has 4 possibilities for auxiliary heating; series heat auxiliary, parallel heat auxiliary,
series/parallel auxiliary, and no auxiliary. See the abstract for more details.
Choose one of the following control strategies:
4 = energy rate control with no auxiliary
3 = energy rate control with series/parallel auxiliary
2 = energy rate control with parallel auxiliary
1 = energy rate control with series auxiliary
3 Nominal capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 37980.0
The nominal capacity of the absorption chiller. The correlations will be scaled up or down depending on the
capacity.
Minimum primary temperature for
4 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 76.7
cooling
The minimum primary source temperature required for cooling. This temperature is used if the auxiliary heat
mode (Par. 2) is set to no auxiliary (4). In this case, the chiller will cease to operate if the generator source
stream falls below this minimum temperature. This temperature is also used to calculate whether the primary
source will be used in the other three auxiliary modes. Refer to the abstract for more details.
5 Controller dead band Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the primary source controller. The controller for the primary source
works in the following manner:
If the primary source was on at the last timestep:
Primary is on if primary source temperature is greater than the minimum temperature and off otherwise
If the primary source was off at the last timestep:
Primary is on if primary source temperature is greater than the minimum temperature + the controller deadband
and off otherwise
The minimum temperature is the maximum of 76.7 C or the minimum primary source temperature (Par. 4).
6 Auxiliary heat temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 85.0
The temperature of the auxiliary heat supply. To provide cooling when the primary source temperature is not
high enough, three auxiliary heat modes are included in this component. In series heat auxiliary, the firing water
stream from the primary source is raised to a set temperature (this parameter) when auxiliary is required. The

4–308
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heated stream passes through the generator and is then returned to the primary source. In parallel heat
auxiliary, only one heat source is used at a time. When the firing water temperature is too low, all the energy
needed to run the chiller is provided by an auxiliary flow loop and the primary source is bypassed. In
series/parallel auxiliary mode, parallel auxiliary is used when the primary source temperature is below a set
changeover temperature (Par. 8), and series auxiliary is used when the primary source temperature is above
the changeover temperature. This parameter should be considered to be the minimum temperature required for
the chiller to operate efficiently.
7 Cooling tower approach Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 8.0
The cooling tower for the absorption chiller is 'modeled' using a constant approach to ambient wet bulb
temperature. This method gives a modeled condensing water temperature of:
Condensing temp. = Wet bulb temp. + Cooling tower approach
8 Crossover temperature for auxiliary Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 80.0
The crossover temperature for auxiliary heating when in the series/parallel auxiliary heating mode. The primary
source is used when its temperature is above this crossover temperature and and the auxiliary source is used
when the primary source temperature is below this crossover temperature.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot water return temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the firing water as it leaves the generator of the absorption chiller.
2 Hot water flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of hot firing water leaving the generator of the absorption chiller.
3 Cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of cooling provided by the absorption chiller.
4 Generator heat flow Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transferred from the firing water to the generator of the absorption chiller.
5 Required auxiliary energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of auxiliary energy required to keep the absorption chiller operating.

4–309
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.1.2. Temperature Level Control

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 7

Proforma Obsolete\Absorption Air Conditioners (Type7)\Temperature Level Control\Type7a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Chiller model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Users have the choice of using correlations from one of two commercially availbale Lithium Bromide - Water
absorption chillers:
1= Use correlations from the Arkla Model WFC-7.5; a nominal 7.5 ton machine.
2 = Use correlations from the Yazaki Model WF-36; a nominal 3-ton machine.
2 Auxiliary heat mode Dimensionless - integer [-4;-1] -1
The chiller model has 4 possibilities for auxiliary heating; series heat auxiliary, parallel heat auxiliary,
series/parallel auxiliary, and no auxiliary. See the abstract for more details.
Choose one of the following control strategies:
-4 = temperature level control with no auxiliary
-3 = temperature level control with series/parallel auxiliary
-2 = temperature level control with parallel auxiliary
-1 = temperature level control with series auxiliary
3 Nominal capacity Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 37980.0
The nominal capacity of the absorption chiller. The correlations will be scaled up or down depending on the
capacity.
4 Start-up time constant Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.133
The start-up time constant for the chiller. In temperature level control, the transients associated with start-up
and shut down are considered. If the time constant is set less than zero, the nominal value for the Arkla chiller
will be used (0.133 hours). The time constants are used to calculate the generator temperature as a function
of time.
5 Cooldown time constant Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.05
The time constant associated with the cool down of the absorption chiller. In temperature level control, the
transients associated with start-up and cool down are considered. If the cooldown time constant is set less
than zero, the default value for the Arkla chiller will be used (1.05 hours). The time constants are required to
calculate the generator temperature as a function of time.
6 Initial generator temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The initial temperatue of the generator in the absorption cycle. If the generator temperature falls below a
critical generator temperature, no refrigeration will take place. The initial generator temperature is required to
solve the differential equation relating heat input to generator temperature.
Minimum primary temperature for
7 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 76.7
cooling
The minimum primary source temperature required for cooling. This temperature is used if the auxiliary heat
mode (Par. 2) is set to no auxiliary (-4). In this case, the chiller will cease to operate if the generator source
stream falls below this minimum temperature. This temperature is also used to calculate whether the primary
source will be used in the other three auxiliary modes. Refer to the abstract for more details.
8 Controller dead band Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the primary source controller. The controller for the primary source
works in the following manner:
If the primary source was on at the last timestep:
Primary is on if primary source temperature is greater than the minimum temperature and off otherwise
If the primary source was off at the last timestep:
Primary is on if primary source temperature is greater than the minimum temperature + the controller
deadband and off otherwise
The minimum temperature is the maximum of 76.7 C or the minimum primary source temperature (Par. 7).

4–310
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Auxiliary heat temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 85.0

The temperature of the auxiliary heat supply. To provide cooling when the primary source temperature is not
high enough, three auxiliary heat modes are included in this component. In series heat auxiliary, the firing
water stream from the primary source is raised to a set temperature (this parameter) when auxiliary is
required. The heated stream passes through the generator and is then returned to the primary source. In
parallel heat auxiliary, only one heat source is used at a time. When the firing water temperature is too low, all
the energy needed to run the chiller is provided by an auxiliary flow loop and the primary source is bypassed.
In series/parallel auxiliary mode, parallel auxiliary is used when the primary source temperature is below a set
changeover temperature (Par. 11), and series auxiliary is used when the primary source temperature is above
the changeover temperature. This parameter should be considered to be the minimum
temperature required for the chiller to operate efficiently.
10 Cooling tower approach Temperature C real [0.0;+Inf] 8.0
The cooling tower for the absorption chiller is 'modeled' using a constant approach to ambient wet bulb
temperature. This method gives a modeled condensing water temperature of:
Condensing temp. = Wet bulb temp. + Cooling tower approach
11 Crossover temperature for auxiliary Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 80.0
The crossover temperature for auxiliary heating when in the series/parallel auxiliary heating mode. The
primary source is used when its temperature is above this crossover temperature and and the auxiliary source
is used when the primary source temperature is below this crossover temperature.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Primary source temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 90.0
The temperature of the primary source hot water supplied to the generator of the absorption chiller.
2 Firing water flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of firing water supplied to the generator of the absorption chiller.
ATTENTION: This input is used for visualization and convergence checking purposes only. This component
sets the flowrate
3 Wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 18.0
The ambient wet bulb temperature to which cooling tower is subjected.
4 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The ambient temperature to which the absorption chiller is subjected.
5 Control signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
The input control signal to the absorption chiller. A control signal of 1 indicates that the chiller is enabled to
operate. A control signal of 0 indicates that the chiller is not enabled (off).
6 2nd stage control signal Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
In temperaure level control, the auxiliary energy system is enabled whenever the primary source temperature
falls below the auxiliary temperature and either the 2nd stage control signal is equal to 1 or the primary system
is disabled.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot water return temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the firing water as it leaves the generator of the absorption chiller.
2 Hot water flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of firing water leaving the generator of the absorption chiller.
3 Cooling rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of cooling provided by the absorption chiller.
4 Generator heat flow Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfererred from the firing water to the generator of the absorption chiller.
5 Required auxiliary energy Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–311
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of auxiliary energy required to keep the absorption chiller operating.

4–312
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.2. Calling External DLLs (Type61)

4.8.2.1. Calling External DLLs (Type61)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 61

Proforma Obsolete\Calling External DLLs (Type61)\Type61.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Parameter any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many PARAMETERS does the external component
1-1 1 50
requre?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many INPUTS does the external component require? 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many OUTPUTS does the external component
1-1 1 50
produce?

4–313
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.3. Convergence Promoter (Type44)

4.8.3.1. Convergence Promoter (Type44)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 44

Proforma Obsolete\Convergence Promoter (Type44)\Type44.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of calls before promotion Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of times that this component is called before convergence is promoted using a numerical
technique.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be promoted any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The input which is to be used to promote convergence.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Estimate of variable any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The new estimate of the variable for which convergence is being promoted.

4–314
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.4. CSTB Weather Data - TRNSYS 15 (Type9)

4.8.4.1. CSTB Weather Data - TRNSYS 15 (Type9)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Obsolete\CSTB Weather Data - TRNSYS 15 (Type9)\Type9f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [6;6] -2
The mode of the data reader. In this model, the mode should be set
to -1 indicating that the routine is to read a user's data file where
N lines are to be skipped in the data file.
N = (Simulation start time/data timestep) - 1
Do not change this parameter.
2 Header lines to skip dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
3 No. of values to read dimensionless - integer [13;13] 13
How many values are to be read from each line of the data file? If
only the 1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, the model must still
read 6 values in this mode.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
At what interval of time is the data recorded in the data file?
Hourly = 1.0
Daily = 24.0
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation
timestep. For example if the simulation timestep is 15 minutes, the
data time interval could be 15 minutes, half an hour, an hour etc..
5 Don't interpolate 1 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter indicates whether the variable in question should be
interpolated or not. If the parameter is less than zero, the variable
will have its units converted using the next two parameters and NOT be
interpolated. If the parameter is greater than zero, the variable
will have its units converted using the next two parameters and be
interpolated. **** NOTE - THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THIS PARAMETER SHOULD
INDICATE WHICH VARIBALE IT IS. FOR EXAMPLE, IF THIS PARAMETER WAS
-1, IT INDICATES THAT THIS IS THE FIRST VALUE BEING READ FROM THE DATA
FILE AND THAT THIS VARIABLE IS NOT TO BE INTERPOLATED.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor 1 dimensionless - real [1;1] 1
The multiplication factor for the value that was specified in the
previous parameter.
OUTPUT(i) = VALUE(i) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor 1 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
The addition factor for the value specified in the parameter two
before this one.
OUTPUT(i) = VALUE(i) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average value 1 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
9 Don't interpolate 2 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -2

4–315
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

10 Mult-2 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0

11 Add-2 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
12 Average value 2 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
13 Don't interpolate 3 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -3
14 Mult-3 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
15 Add-3 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
16 Average value 3 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
17 Don't interpolate 4 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -4
18 Mult-4 : Wh/m2 -> kJ/m2 dimensionless - real [3.6;3.6] 3.6
19 Add-4 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
20 Average value 4 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
21 Don't interpolate 5 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -5
22 Mult-5 : Wh/m2 -> kJ/m2 dimensionless - real [3.6;3.6] 3.6
23 Add-5 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
24 Average value 5 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
25 Don't interpolate 6 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -6
26 Mult-6 : Wh/m2 -> kJ/m2 dimensionless - real [3.6;3.6] 3.6
27 Add-6 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
28 Average value 6 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
29 Don't interpolate 7 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -7
30 Mult-7 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
31 Add-7 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
32 Average value 7 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
33 Don't interpolate 8 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -8
34 Mult-8 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
35 Add-8 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
36 Average value 8 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
37 Don't interpolate 9 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -9
38 Mult-9 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
39 Add-9 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
40 Average value 9 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
41 Don't interpolate 10 dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -10
42 Mult-10 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
43 Add-10 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
44 Average value 10 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
45 Don't interpolate 11 dimensionless - real [-1;-1] -11
46 Mult-11 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
47 Add-11 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
48 Average value 11 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
49 Don't interpolate 12 dimensionless - real [-1;-1] -12
50 Mult-12 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
51 Add-12 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
52 Average value 12 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0

4–316
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

53 Don't interpolate 13 dimensionless - real [-1;-1] -13

54 Mult-13 dimensionless - real [1.0;1.0] 1.0
55 Add-13 dimensionless - real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
56 Average value 13 dimensionless - real [0;0] 0
57 Logical unit dimensionless - integer [1;999] 14
The logical unit through which the data file will be opened.
58 Not used dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter is not used in this mode and should not be changed.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 1-Month any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
First value read from data file.
2 2-Day any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Second value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 1).
3 3-Hour any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Third value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 2).
4 4-Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 3).
5 5-Direct horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 4).
6 6-Diffuse horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 7-Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 8-Sky Temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 9-Relative Humidity dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 10-Total nebulosity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 11 - not used Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 12 - not used Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 13 - not used Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 14 - not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 15 - not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 16 - not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 17 - not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 18 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–317
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

19 19 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

20 20 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 21 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 22 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 23 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 24 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 25 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 26 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 27 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 28 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 29 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 30 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 31 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 32 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 33 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 34 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 35 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 36 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 37 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 38 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 39 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 40 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 41 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 42 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 43 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 44 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 45 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 46 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
47 47 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
48 48 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
49 49 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
50 50 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
51 51 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
52 52 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
53 53 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
54 54 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
55 55 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
56 56 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
57 57 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
58 58 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
59 59 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
60 60 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
61 61 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–318
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

62 62 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

63 63 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
64 64 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
65 65 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
66 66 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
67 67 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
68 68 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
69 69 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
70 70 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
71 71 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
72 72 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
73 73 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
74 74 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
75 75 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
76 76 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
77 77 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
78 78 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
79 79 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
80 80 - not used dimensionless - string [-Inf;+Inf] 0
81 81 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
82 82 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
83 83 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
84 84 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
85 85 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
86 86 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
87 87 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
88 88 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
89 89 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
90 90 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time that the values were last read from the data file. This
output is intended to be hooked up to the radiation processor.
91 91 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
92 92 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
93 93 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
94 94 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
95 95 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
96 96 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
97 97 - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
98 98 - not used - not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
100 Time of next read Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time at which the next values will be read from the data file.
This output is intended to be hooked up to the radiation processor.

4–319
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

101 Value at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The value of the listed output at the next timestep.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the data to be read by this .\Examples\Weather
Logical unit
component? Data\Nice.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–320
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.5. Plotter (Type26)

4.8.5.1. Plotter (Type26)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 26

Proforma Obsolete\Plotter (Type26)\Type26.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Plotting interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which the inputs are to be plotted. Specifiying a negative parameter indicates that the
absoulte value of this parameter will be used to specify the print interval in months.
2 Time to start plotting Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at which plotting is to begin.
3 Time to stop plotting Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760
The hour of the year at which plotting is to stop.
4 Scaling Mode Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] 1
The scaling mode for the plotter component:
-1 --> Scale all inputs individually
+1 --> Use the same scale for all inputs

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be plotted any any [-Inf;+Inf] label
The input to be plotted. Use the initial value box for the label associated with the input (up to 6 characters).

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are to be plotted by this plotting device? 1 5

4–321
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.6. Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)

4.8.6.1. Beam and Diffuse Known (Mode=3)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Obsolete\Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)\Beam and Diffuse Known

Proforma
(Mode=3)\Type16f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 3 (Horizontal Beam and Diffuse Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
Since many of the calculations made in transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of
day, it is important that the correct solar time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences
between solar time and local time. The equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local
time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
(See manual for examples and additional notes.)

4–322
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2

This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data
is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is
ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
3 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
4 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
6 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
7 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.
Beam radiation on horizontal at next
8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
timestep
9 Diffuse radiation at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–323
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The solar azimuth angle is defined as being the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line
of sight of the sun onto the horizontal plane.
4 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation incident on a horizontal surface. The total radiation is equal to the beam radiation + sky
diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.
5 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse radiation (sky only) on a horizontal surface.
7 Total radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation on the tilted surface (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse).
8 Beam radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the first surface specified.
9 Sky diffuse on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky diffuse radiation incident on the first surface specified.
10 Incidence angle for surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the first surface specified.
11 Slope of surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The slope of the first surface specified.
12 Total radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) on the second surface that was specified.
13 Beam radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the second specified surface.
14 Sky diffuse on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Incidence angle of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the second surface specified.
16 Slope of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Total radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the third surface specified.
18 Beam radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the third surface specified.
19 Sky diffuse on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Incidence angle of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the third surface specified.
21 Slope of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Total radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the fourth surface specified.
23 Beam radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the fourth surface specified.
24 Sky diffuse on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beamradiation on the fourth surface specified.
25 Incidence angle of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Slope of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Total radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Beam radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–324
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

30 Incidence angle of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

31 Slope of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Total radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Beam radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Incidence angle of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Slope of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Total radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Beam radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Incidence angle of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Slope of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Total radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Beam radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Incidence angle of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Slope of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–325
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.6.2. Total Horiz Only Known (Mode=1)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Obsolete\Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)\Total Horiz Only Known

Proforma
(Mode=1)\Type16b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 1 (Only Horizontal Known, Reduced Reindl Correlation)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
Since many of the calculations made in transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of
day, it is important that the correct solar time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences
between solar time and local time. The equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
(See manual for examples and additional notes.)
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data
is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is

4–326
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
3 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
4 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
5 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
6 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.
Radiation on horizontal at next
7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
timestep

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
5-6 1 8
processor?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Extraterrestrial on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The extraterrestrial radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun.
3 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The solar azimuth angle is defined as being the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line
of sight of the sun onto the horizontal plane.
4 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation incident on a horizontal surface. The total radiation is equal to the beam radiation + sky
diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.
5 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–327
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The diffuse radiation (sky only) on a horizontal surface.

7 Total radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation on the tilted surface (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse).
8 Beam radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the first surface specified.
9 Sky diffuse on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky diffuse radiation incident on the first surface specified.
10 Incidence angle for surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the first surface specified.
11 Slope of surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The slope of the first surface specified.
12 Total radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) on the second surface that was specified.
13 Beam radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the second specified surface.
14 Sky diffuse on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Incidence angle of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the second surface specified.
16 Slope of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Total radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the third surface specified.
18 Beam radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the third surface specified.
19 Sky diffuse on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Incidence angle of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the third surface specified.
21 Slope of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Total radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the fourth surface specified.
23 Beam radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the fourth surface specified.
24 Sky diffuse on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beamradiation on the fourth surface specified.
25 Incidence angle of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Slope of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Total radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Beam radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Incidence angle of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Slope of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Total radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Beam radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Incidence angle of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Slope of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–328
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Total radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

38 Beam radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Incidence angle of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Slope of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Total radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Beam radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Incidence angle of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Slope of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–329
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.6.3. Total Horiz Temp and Humidity Known (Mode=2)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Obsolete\Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)\Total Horiz Temp and Humidity Known
Proforma
(Mode=2)\Type16d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 2 (Total Horizontal Radiation, Temperature and Humidity Known, Full Reindl Correlation)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all ircumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
Since many of the calculations made in transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of
day, it is important that the correct solar time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences
between solar time and local time. The equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local
time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
(See manual for examples and additional notes.)
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data

4–330
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is
ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 0
3 Relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0;100] 0
4 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
5 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
6 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
7 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
8 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.
Radiation on horizontal at next
9 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
timestep

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
7-8 1 8
processor?

4–331
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.

5 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse radiation (sky only) on a horizontal surface.
7 Total radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation on the tilted surface (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse).
8 Beam radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the first surface specified.
9 Sky diffuse on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky diffuse radiation incident on the first surface specified.
10 Incidence angle for surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the first surface specified.
11 Slope of surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The slope of the first surface specified.
12 Total radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) on the second surface that was specified.
13 Beam radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the second specified surface.
14 Sky diffuse on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Incidence angle of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the second surface specified.
16 Slope of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Total radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the third surface specified.
18 Beam radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the third surface specified.
19 Sky diffuse on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Incidence angle of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the third surface specified.
21 Slope of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Total radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the fourth surface specified.
23 Beam radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the fourth surface specified.
24 Sky diffuse on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beamradiation on the fourth surface specified.
25 Incidence angle of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Slope of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Total radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Beam radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Incidence angle of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Slope of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Total radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Beam radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–332
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

35 Incidence angle of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Slope of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Total radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Beam radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Incidence angle of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Slope of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Total radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Beam radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Incidence angle of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Slope of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–333
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.6.4. Total Horiz, Direct Normal Known (Mode=4)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Obsolete\Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)\Total Horiz, Direct Normal Known

Proforma
(Mode=4)\Type16h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 4 (Total Horizontal and Normal Beam Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
Since many of the calculations made in transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of
day, it is important that the correct solar time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences
between solar time and local time. The equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local
time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
(See manual for examples and additional notes.)
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data

4–334
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total radiation on horizontal1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Direct normal beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
Beam radiation on a surface oriented towards the sun
3 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
4 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
6 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
7 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.
Total radiation on horizontal at next
8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
timestep
Direct Normal beam radiation at next
9 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
timestep

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–335
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The total radiation incident on a horizontal surface. The total radiation is equal to the beam radiation + sky
diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.
5 Beam radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse radiation (sky only) on a horizontal surface.
7 Total radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation on the tilted surface (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse).
8 Beam radiation on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the first surface specified.
9 Sky diffuse on surface 1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky diffuse radiation incident on the first surface specified.
10 Incidence angle for surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the first surface specified.
11 Slope of surface 1 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The slope of the first surface specified.
12 Total radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) on the second surface that was specified.
13 Beam radiation on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the second specified surface.
14 Sky diffuse on surface 2 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Incidence angle of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the second surface specified.
16 Slope of surface 2 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Total radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the third surface specified.
18 Beam radiation on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation on the third surface specified.
19 Sky diffuse on surface 3 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Incidence angle of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beam radiation on the third surface specified.
21 Slope of surface 3 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Total radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on the fourth surface specified.
23 Beam radiation on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident on the fourth surface specified.
24 Sky diffuse on surface 4 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The angle of incidence of the beamradiation on the fourth surface specified.
25 Incidence angle of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Slope of surface 4 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Total radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Beam radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 5 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Incidence angle of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Slope of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Total radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–336
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

33 Beam radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Incidence angle of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Slope of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Total radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Beam radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Incidence angle of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Slope of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Total radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Beam radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Incidence angle of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Slope of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–337
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.8.6.5. Total Horiz, Horiz Diffuse Known (Mode=5)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Obsolete\Radiation Processors With Smoothing (Type16)\Total Horiz, Horiz Diffuse Known

Proforma
(Mode=5)\Type16j.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 5 (Total Horizontal and Diffuse Horizontal Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
Since many of the calculations made in transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of
day, it is important that the correct solar time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences
between solar time and local time. The equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local
time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
(See manual for examples and additional notes)
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data

4–338
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total radiation on horizontal1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
3 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
4 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
6 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
7 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.
Total radiation on horizontal at next
8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
timestep
9 Diffuse radiation at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–339
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.

4–340
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–341
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9. Output

4.9.1. Economics

4.9.1.1. Detailed Analysis

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 29

Proforma Output\Economics\Detailed Analysis\Type29b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Economic analysis mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter indicates to the general economics component that thedetailed analysis method should be
used to evaluate the inputs.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The area of the solar collector array.
3 Area dependent costs dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The total area dependent costs for the solar system ($/m^2). These costs include the cost of the collector and
part of the cost of thethermal storage equipment.
4 Fixed costs dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 4000.0
The total cost ($) of the equipment which is independent of thecollector area. Examples are costs for piping or
ducts, controls,blowers, etc
5 Performance degradation dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 5.0
The percentage of thermal degradation per year of the solar system(percent per year).
6 Period of analysis dimensionless - real [1.0;+Inf] 20.0
The period of economic analysis (in years) that is to be used inevaluating the solar system.
7 Down payment dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 20.0
What percentage of the total system investment was given as a downpayment for the purchase of the system.
8 Mortgage interest rate dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 9.0
The interest rate on the mortgage for the solar system (percent peryear).
9 Term of loan dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The period of the loan taken out for the solar system (years).
10 Market discount rate dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 6.0
The nominal market discount rate.
11 Extra costs in year 1 dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The extra insurance, maintenance, etc. required by the solar systemin the first year expressed as a perentage
of the initial investment.
12 Inflation rate dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 2.0
The general inflation rate (percentage).
13 Income tax rate dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 45.0
The effective combined federal and state income tax rate (percentage).This income tax rate is assumed
constant through the analysis.

4–342
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Property taxes dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0

The true property tax rate per dollar of original investment(percentage).
15 Propert tax increase dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The property tax inflation rate (percent per year).
16 Calculate rate of return? dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the economics rotuine calculate the rate of return on thesolar investment. 1 ---> Calculate the rate of
return 2 ---> Don't calculate the rate of return
17 Resale value dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The ratio of salvage value to the initial investment expressed as apercentage.
18 Income producing building? dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
Is the building on which the solar system investment was made anincome producing building? In other words,
is thi building a commercial building or a non-commercial building? 0 ---> Non-commercial building 1 --->
Commercial building
19 Depreciation scheme dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Which depreciation scheme is to be used on the investment? 1 ---> Straight line 2 ---> Declining balance 3 --->
Sum of years digits 4 ---> None
20 Percent of straight line dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 80.0
If the depreciation schedule was specified as declining balancedepreciation, what percentage of straight line
depreciation should beused?
21 Useful life dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 8.0
What is the useful life of the equipment for depreciation purposes(years)?
22 Auxiliary fuel inflation rate dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The inflation rate of the fuel used in the auxiliary (backup) system(percent per year).
23 Fuel inflation rate dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The inflation rate of the fuel used in the conventional system(percent per year).
24 Economic output dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
What type of economic output is desired: 1 ---> Print out results yearly 2 ---> Print only the cumulative results
25 List the parameters? dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the economic output include a listing of the parameters usedin the analysis? 1 ---> Print the parametrs
2 ---> Do not print the parameters
26 Consider federal tax credits? dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
Should the economic analysis consider federal tax credits? 1 ---> Consider federal tax credits 2 ---> Do not
consider federal tax credits
27 State tax credit in tier 1 dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The state tax credit in tier 1 (percent).
28 State tax credit in tier 2 dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The state tax credit in tier two (percent).
29 Tier 1 break dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 5000
The break between the first and second tiers of the state tax creditsystem (dollars).
30 Maximum credit point dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 10000
The maximum amount of purchase that is eligible for a state taxcredit (dollars).

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 1st year auxiliary cost Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The integrated cost ($) of the auxiliary (back up) system for thefirst year.
2 1st year load cost Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The integrated cost of the total load for the first year i.e., thetotal fuel cost if the solar system was not used ($).

4–343
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 First year load Energy kJ real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0

The total load for the firt year of operation.

4–344
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.1.2. P1,P2 Method

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 29

Proforma Output\Economics\P1,P2 Method\Type29a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Economic analysis mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Thisparameter indicates to the general economics component that the P1,P2 method should be used to
evaluate the inputs.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The area of the solar collector array.
3 Area dependent costs Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 200.0
The total area dependent costs for the solar system ($/m^2). These costs include the cost of the collector and
part of the cost of the thermal storage equipment.
4 Fixed costs Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 4000.0
The total cost ($) of the equipment which is independent of the collector area. Examples are costs for piping or
ducts, controls, blowers, etc
5 P1 factor Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The P1 factor in the P1,P2 analysis method. The P1 factor is defined as the ratio of the life cycle fuel cost
savings to the first year fuel cost savings.
6 P2 factor Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.6630
The P2 factor in the P1,P2 economic analysis method. The P2 factor is defined as the ratio of the life cycle
expenditures incurred because of the additional capital investment to the initial capital investment.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 1st year auxiliary cost Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The integrated cost ($) of the auxiliary (back up) system for the first year.
2 1st year load cost Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The integrated cost of the total load for the first year i.e., the total fuel cost if the solar system was not used.

4–345
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.2. Histogram Plotter

4.9.2.1. Time Intervals - Results to External File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 27

Proforma Output\Histogram Plotter\Time Intervals\Results to External File\Type27a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Use time intervals Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The mode parameter set to 2 indicates to the general histogram plotter component that the user will specify
time ranges as parameters. This component will then plot the total integrated values of the input that were
present within each of the corresponding time intervals.
2 Plotting interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which histogram plotting is to occur. If this parameter is specified as a negative number, the
absolute value of this parameter will be used to set the plot interval in months.
3 Reset interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] -1
The time interval after which the histogram results will be plotted and the totals reset for the next time interval. If
this parameter is set to a negative number, the absolute value of this parameter will be used to set the reset
interval in months.
4 Starting hour for plot Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at which histogram plotting is to begin.
5 Final hour for plotting Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760.
The hour of the year at which histogram plotting is to stop.
6 Beginning of range for input Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The beginning of the time range for the specified input.
7 End of range for input Time hr real [0;+Inf] 24.0
The end of the time range for the specified input.
8 Number of interval in range Dimensionless - integer [1;24] 24
The number of time intervals the that them time range for the specified input is to be divided into. For proper
operation of this component, the user should specify the beginning time interval, the ending time interval, and
the number of intervals such that an integer number of time steps occur in each time interval!
9 Logical unit Dimensionless - real [10;30] 18
The logical unit to which the histogram results will be sent. Each external file specified in the TRNSYS input file
must be assigned to a unique logical unit number.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
6-8 1 10
plotter?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be histogrammed any any [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The input to be evaluated by the histogram plotter.

4–346
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
1-1 1 10
plotter?

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file should the histogram results be sent to? ***.hst Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type27.for

4–347
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.2.2. Time Intervals - Results to List File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 27

Proforma Output\Histogram Plotter\Time Intervals\Results to List File\Type27b.tmf

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
6-8 1 10
plotter?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be histogrammed any any [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The input to be evaluated by the histogram plotter.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
1-1 1 10
plotter?

4–348
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.2.3. Value Intervals - Results to External File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 27

Proforma Output\Histogram Plotter\Value Intervals\Results to External File\Type27c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode 1 operation Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The mode parameter set to 1 indicates to the general histogram plotter component that the user will specify
value ranges as parameters. This component will then plot the total integrated time in hours that the input
variable was within each of the corresponding intervals.
2 Plotting interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which histogram plotting is to occur. If this parameter is specified as a negative number, the
absolute value of this parameter will be used to set the plot interval in months.
3 Reset interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] -1
The time interval after which the histogram results will be plotted and the totals reset for the next time interval. If
this parameter is set to a negative number, the absolute value of this parameter will be used to set the reset
interval in months.
4 Starting hour for plot Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at which histogram plotting is to begin.
5 Final hour for plotting Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760.
The hour of the year at which histogram plotting is to stop.
6 Beginning of range for input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beginning of the value range for the specified input.
7 End of range for input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The end of the value range for the specified input.
8 Number of interval in range Dimensionless - integer [1;24] 24
The number of intervals the value range for the specified input is to be divided into.
9 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 18
Each external file that TRNSYS writes to or reads from must be assigned to a unique logical unit in the
TRNSYS input file.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
6-8 1 10
plotter?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be histogrammed any any [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The input to be evaluated by the histogram plotter.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
1-1 1 10
plotter?

4–349
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file should contain the histogram results? ***.hst Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type27.for

4–350
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.2.4. Value Intervals - Results to List File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 27

Proforma Output\Histogram Plotter\Value Intervals\Results to List File\Type27d.tmf

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
6-8 1 10
plotter?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be histogrammed any any [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The input to be evaluated by the histogram plotter.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be evaluated by the histogram
1-1 1 10
plotter?

4–351
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.3. Online Plotter

4.9.3.1. Online Plotter With File - No Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 65

Proforma Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\No Units\Type65c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Nb. of left-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes.
2 Nb. of right-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the right axis for scaling purposes.
3 Left axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the left Y-axis.
4 Left axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the left Y-axis.
5 Right axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the right Y-axis.
6 Right axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the right Y-axis.
7 Number of plots per simulation Dimensionless - integer [-1;+Inf] 0
Number of plots per simulation. Use -1 for monthly plots.
8 X-axis gridpoints Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of grid points that the X-axis (time) will be divided into.
9 Shut off Online w/o removing Dimensionless - integer [-1;0] 0
This parameter can be used to shut off the ONLINE without removing from the assembly panel / input file,
according to the following rules:
-1 : don't display online
>=0 : display online
10 Logical Unit for output file Dimensionless - integer [30;Inf] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
11 Output file units Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter controls the way variable units are printed. The value of 0 means that no units will be printed to
the output file.
12 Output file delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–352
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Left axis variable any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label

The specified variable which is to be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes
2 Right axis variable any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
The specified variable which is to be plotted using the right Y-axis for scaling purposes

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb. of left-axis variables 1 100
2-2 Nb. of right-axis variables 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Labels used by this online plotter (leave to 3) 3
Left axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Temperatures"
Right axis title (enclose in quotes) "Heat transfer rates"
Online plot title (tab name if several plotters are used) "Graph 1"

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What file should the online print to? ***.plt Logical Unit for output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type65.for

4–353
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.3.2. Online Plotter With File - TRNSYS-Supplied Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 65

Proforma Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\TRNSYS-Supplied Units\Type65a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Nb. of left-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes.
2 Nb. of right-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the right axis for scaling purposes.
3 Left axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the left Y-axis.
4 Left axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the left Y-axis.
5 Right axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the right Y-axis.
6 Right axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the right Y-axis.
7 Number of plots per simulation Dimensionless - integer [-1;+Inf] 0
Number of plots per simulation. Use -1 for monthly plots.
8 X-axis gridpoints Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of grid points that the X-axis (time) will be divided into.
9 Shut off Online w/o removing Dimensionless - integer [-1;0] 0
This parameter can be used to shut off the ONLINE without removing from the assembly panel / input file,
according to the following rules:
-1 : don't display online
>=0 : display online
10 Logical Unit for output file Dimensionless - integer [30;Inf] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
11 Output file units Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter controls the way variable units are printed: the value of 2 means that printed units will be the
default units provided by TRNSYS.
12 Output file delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Left axis variable any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
The specified variable which is to be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes
2 Right axis variable any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
The specified variable which is to be plotted using the right Y-axis for scaling purposes

4–354
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb. of left-axis variables 1 100
2-2 Nb. of right-axis variables 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Labels used by this online plotter (leave to 3) 3
Left axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Temperatures"
Right axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Heat transfer rates"
Plot title (tab name if several plotters are used "Graph 1"

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What file should the online print to? ***.plt Logical Unit for output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type65.for

4–355
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.3.3. Online Plotter With File - User-Supplied Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 65

Proforma Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\User-Supplied Units\Type65b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Nb. of left-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes.
2 Nb. of right-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the right axis for scaling purposes.
3 Left axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the left Y-axis.
4 Left axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the left Y-axis.
5 Right axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the right Y-axis.
6 Right axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the right Y-axis.
7 Number of plots per simulation Dimensionless - integer [-1;+Inf] 0
Number of plots per simulation. Use -1 for monthly plots.
8 X-axis gridpoints Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of grid points that the X-axis (time) will be divided into.
9 Shut off Online w/o removing Dimensionless - integer [-1;0] 0
This parameter can be used to shut off the ONLINE without removing from the assembly panel / input file,
according to the following rules:
-1 : don't display online
>=0 : display online
10 Logical Unit for output file Dimensionless - integer [30;Inf] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
11 Output file units Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter controls the way variable units are printed: The value of 1 means that user-supplied units will
be printed. You must provide those units for each plotted/printed variables in the "special cards" tab
12 Output file delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns

4–356
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb. of left-axis variables 1 100
2-2 Nb. of right-axis variables 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
Enter units for each variable to be plotted/printed, separated by spaces. You must
°C °C kJ/h kJ/h
provide as many unit strings as there are plotted/printed variables
LABELS Labels used by this online plotter (leave to 3) 3
Left axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Temperatures"
"Heat transfer
Right axis title (enclose in double quotes)
rates"
Plot title (tab name if several plotters are used) "Graph 1"

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What file should the online print to? ***.plt Logical Unit for output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type65.for

4–357
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.3.4. Online Plotter Without File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 65

Proforma Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter Without File\Type65d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Nb. of left-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the left Y-axis for scaling purposes.
2 Nb. of right-axis variables Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 2
The number of variables that will be plotted using the right axis for scaling purposes.
3 Left axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the left Y-axis.
4 Left axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the left Y-axis.
5 Right axis minimum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The minimum value for the right Y-axis.
6 Right axis maximum Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1000.0
The maximum value for the right Y-axis.
7 Number of plots per simulation Dimensionless - integer [-1;+Inf] 0
Number of plots per simulation. Use -1 for monthly plots.
8 X-axis gridpoints Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 7
The number of grid points that the X-axis (time) will be divided into.
9 Shut off Online w/o removing Dimensionless - integer [-1;0] 0
This parameter can be used to shut off the ONLINE without removing from the assembly panel / input file,
according to the following rules:
-1 : don't display online
>=0 : display online
10 Logical unit for output file Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 0
This parameter is not used in this mode since no ouptut file is created. Please use the "online plotter with file"
if you want to simultaneously plot the data and print it to a file.
11 Output file units Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter is not used in this mode since no output file is created
12 Output file delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter is not used in this mode since no output file is created

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb. of left-axis variables 1 100

4–358
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2-2 Nb. of right-axis variables 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Labels used by this online plotter (leave to 3) 3
Left axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Temperatures"
Right axis title (enclose in double quotes) "Heat transfer rates"
Plot title (tab name if several plotters are used) "Graph 1"

4–359
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.4. Printer

4.9.4.1. No Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 25

Proforma Output\Printer\No Units\Type25c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Printing interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which printing is to occur. If the time interval is less than zero, then the print interval will be
measured in the absolute value of this parameter expressed in months.
Examples:
1: print every hour
-1: print every month
The default value (STEP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation time step
2 Start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to start.
The default value (START) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation start time
3 Stop time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to stop.
The default value (STOP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation stop time
4 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 17
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
5 Units printing mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter is set to 0, so no units are printed to the output file
6 Relative or absolute start time Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter controls whether the print intervals are relative or absolute
0: print at time intervals relative to the simulation start time
1: print at absolute time intervals
For example, if the simulation start time is 0.5, the simulation time step is 0.25 and the printing time step is 1:
If this parameter is set to 0, printing will occur at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
If this parameter is set to 1, printing will occur at 1, 2, 3, etc.
7 Overwrite or Append Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether the file is appended to or overwritten:
-1: Overwrite the output file
1: Append to the output file
8 Print header Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameters decides whether or not a header with input file information will be printed to the output file or
not
-1: Do not print header
1: Print header
9 Delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns

4–360
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2: use commas to delimit columns

10 Print labels Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether or not labels (variable descriptors) should be printed as column headers:
-1: Do not print descriptors
1: Print descriptors

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be printed any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
Input to be printed

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many variables are to be printed by this component? 1 100

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Output file for printed results ***.out Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type25.for

4–361
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.4.2. TRNSYS-Supplied Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 25

Proforma Output\Printer\TRNSYS-Supplied Units\Type25a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Printing interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which printing is to occur. If the time interval is less than zero, then the print interval will be
measured in the absolute value of this parameter expressed in months.
Examples:
1: print every hour
-1: print every month
The default value (STEP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation time step
2 Start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to start.
The default value (START) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation start time
3 Stop time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to stop.
The default value (STOP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation stop time
4 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 17
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
5 Units printing mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter is set to 2, so TRNSYS-supplied units are printed to the output file
6 Relative or absolute start time Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter controls whether the print intervals are relative or absolute
0: print at time intervals relative to the simulation start time
1: print at absolute time intervals
For example, if the simulation start time is 0.5, the simulation time step is 0.25 and the printing time step is 1:
If this parameter is set to 0, printing will occur at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
If this parameter is set to 1, printing will occur at 1, 2, 3, etc.
7 Overwrite or Append Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether the file is appended to or overwritten:
-1: Overwrite the output file
1: Append to the output file
8 Print header Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameters decides whether or not a header with input file information will be printed to the output file or
not
-1: Do not print header
1: Print header
9 Delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns
10 Print labels Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether or not labels (variable descriptors) should be printed as column headers:
-1: Do not print descriptors

4–362
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1: Print descriptors

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be printed any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
Input to be printed

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many variables are to be printed by this component? 1 100

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Output File for printed results ***.out Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type25.for

4–363
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.4.3. User-Supplied Units

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 25

Proforma Output\Printer\User-Supplied Units\Type25b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Printing interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 1
The time interval at which printing is to occur. If the time interval is less than zero, then the print interval will be
measured in the absolute value of this parameter expressed in months.
Examples:
1: print every hour
-1: print every month
The default value (STEP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation time step
2 Start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to start.
The default value (START) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation start time
3 Stop time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760
The time of the year in hours at which printing is to stop.
The default value (STOP) is a TRNSYS parameter equal to the simulation stop time
4 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 17
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
5 Units printing mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter is set to 1, so that user-supplied units are printed to the output file (you have to provide those
units in the "special cards" tab)
6 Relative or absolute start time Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter controls whether the print intervals are relative or absolute
0: print at time intervals relative to the simulation start time
1: print at absolute time intervals
For example, if the simulation start time is 0.5, the simulation time step is 0.25 and the printing time step is 1:
If this parameter is set to 0, printing will occur at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
If this parameter is set to 1, printing will occur at 1, 2, 3, etc.
7 Overwrite or Append Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether the file is appended to or overwritten:
-1: Overwrite the output file
1: Append to the output file
8 Print header Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameters decides whether or not a header with input file information will be printed to the output file or
not
-1: Do not print header
1: Print header
9 Delimiter Dimensionless - integer [0;2] 0
This parameter controls the delimiter used in the output file:
0: use tabs to delimit columns
1: use spaces to delimit columns
2: use commas to delimit columns
10 Print labels Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 0
This parameter decides whether or not labels (variable descriptors) should be printed as column headers:

4–364
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

-1: Do not print descriptors

1: Print descriptors

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be printed any any string [-Inf;+Inf] label
Input to be printed

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many variables are to be printed by this component? 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
Enter units for each variable to be printed, separated by spaces. You Unit1 Unit2 Unit3 Unit4 Unit5 Unit6
MUST provide as many unit strings as there are variables Unit7 Unit8 Unit9 Unit10

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Output file for printed results ***.out Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type25.for

4–365
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.5. Simulation Summary

4.9.5.1. Results to External File - With Energy Balance

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 28

Proforma Output\Simulation Summary\Results to External File\With Energy Balance\Type28a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 24.0
The time interval after which the summaries will printed and reset. Specifiying a negative parameter indicates
that the absolute value of the parameter will be used to specify the rest time in months.
2 Summary start time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to begin.
3 Summary stop time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 8760.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to stop.
4 Logical unit for the output file Dimensionless - integer [31;999] 19
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
5 Output mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The output mode for the simulation summary component:
1: Table with heading for the whole simulation (external file) or Individual tables for each summary (Lst file)
2: Table with a single heading for every 12 sets of summaries (best adapted to monthly summaries)
6 Operation code Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The reverse polish operation code that will be used to manipulate the parameters and inputs to produce the
outputs. The parameter list may also contain constants to be used in the summary. If this is the first operation
code, either enter the number of inputs that should not be integrated, or use an operation code <= 0 to put an
input on parameter on the stack.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many operation codes are required to complete the
6-6 1 500
summary?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input to be used in the simulation summary.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are required by the simulation summary? 1 250

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer

4–366
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

LABELS Number of printed outputs 2

Label for each of the outputs (space-separated) Output1 Output2
CHECK Energy balance operation codes (space-separated) 0.05 1 -2

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File for the summary results ***.sum Logical unit for the output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type28.f90

4–367
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.5.2. Results to External File - Without Energy Balance

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 28

Proforma Output\Simulation Summary\Results to External File\Without Energy Balance\Type28b.tmf

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many operation codes are required to complete the
6-6 1 500
summary?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input to be used in the simulation summary.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are required by the simulation summary? 1 250

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Number of printed outputs 2
Label for each of the outputs (space-separated) Output1 Output2

EXTERNAL FILES

4–368
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Question File Associated parameter

File for the summary results ***.sum Logical unit for the output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type28.f90

4–369
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.5.3. Results to List File - With Energy Balance

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 28

Proforma Output\Simulation Summary\Results to List File\With Energy Balance\Type28c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 24.0
The time interval after which the summaries will printed and reset. Specifiying a negative parameter indicates
that the absolute value of the parameter will be used to specify the rest time in months.
2 Summary start time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to begin.
3 Summary stop time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 8760.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to stop.
Not used - Logical unit for the output
4 Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 19
file
This parameter tells the component that results are to be printed to the listing file rather than to an external file.
Use other modes if you want to print results to an external file
5 Output mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The output mode for the simulation summary component:
1: Table with heading for the whole simulation (external file) or Individual tables for each summary (Lst file)
2: Table with a single heading for every 12 sets of summaries (best adapted to monthly summaries)
6 Operation code Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The reverse polish operation code that will be used to manipulate the parameters and inputs to produce the
outputs. The parameter list may also contain constants to be used in the summary. If this is the first operation
code, either enter the number of inputs that should not be integrated, or use an operation code <= 0 to put an
input on parameter on the stack.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many operation codes are required to complete the
6-6 1 500
summary?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input to be used in the simulation summary.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are required by the simulation summary? 1 250

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Number of printed outputs 2
Label for each of the outputs (space-separated) Output1 Output2
CHECK Energy balance operation codes (space-separated) 0.05 1 -2

4–370
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.9.5.4. Results to List File - Without Energy Balance

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 28

Proforma Output\Simulation Summary\Results to List File\Without Energy Balance\Type28d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary interval Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 24.0
The time interval after which the summaries will printed and reset. Specifiying a negative parameter indicates
that the absolute value of the parameter will be used to specify the rest time in months.
2 Summary start time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to begin.
3 Summary stop time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 8760.0
The hour of the year at which the summary is to stop.
Not used - Logical unit for the output
4 Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 19
file
This parameter tells the component that results are to be printed to the listing file rather than to an external file.
Use other modes if you want to print results to an external file
5 Output mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The output mode for the simulation summary component:
1: Table with heading for the whole simulation (external file) or Individual tables for each summary (Lst file)
2: Table with a single heading for every 12 sets of summaries (best adapted to monthly summaries)
6 Operation code Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The reverse polish operation code that will be used to manipulate the parameters and inputs to produce the
outputs. The parameter list may also contain constants to be used in the summary. If this is the first operation
code, either enter the number of inputs that should not be integrated, or use an operation code <= 0 to put an
input on parameter on the stack.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many operation codes are required to complete the
6-6 1 500
summary?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Summary input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input to be used in the simulation summary.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are required by the simulation summary? 1 250

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Number of printed outputs 2
Label for each of the outputs (space-separated) Output1 Output2

4–371
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10. Physical Phenomena

4.10.1. Collector Array Shading

4.10.1.1. Flat Plate Arrays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 30

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Flat Plate Arrays\Type30a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flat-plate mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general collector array shading component that the shading is to be calculated
for a flat-plate collector array.
2 Collector height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.35
The height of one of the identical solar collectors in the array. The height specified here should be independent
of the collector slope (the true height of the collector).
3 Collector row length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The length of one row of the solar collector array.
4 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
The slope of the collector array surface. The slope is considered positive when the collector surface faces the
surface azimuth.
5 Collector row separation Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The distance between rows of the flat-plate solar collector array (measured on the horizontal plane).
6 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of identical rows of solar collectors in the array.
7 Collector array azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The collector array surface azimuth. The surface azimuth is defined as the angle between the local meridian
and the line of sight of the collector surface onto the horizontal plane. Zero surface azimuth is facing the
equator, west is positive (90), east is negative (-90).
8 Slope of collector field Direction (Angle) degrees real [-90;+90] 10.0
The slope of the field on which the collector array is situated. Slope is positive when the surface is tilted toward
the azimuth, negative otherwise.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tilted surface radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the unshaded collector surface
per unit area.
2 Incident beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation incident upon the unshaded collector surface per unit area.
3 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 45.0

4–372
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The solar zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun. This is 90 minus the
angle between the sun and the horizontal (solar altitude angle).
4 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. Zero solar azimuth is facing the equator, west is positive (90) while east is negative (-
90).
5 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident on a horizontal surface per unit area.
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse radiation incident upon a horizontal surface per unit area.
7 Beam radiation on field Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation per unit area incident upon a surface with the slope of the field on which the collector array
is situated.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the solar collector array is situated. The reflectance is a ratio of the
amount of radiation reflected by the surface to the total radiation incident upon the surface and therefore must
be between 0 and 1. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total shaded radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The total solar radiation (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) incident upon the collector surface per
unit area including the effects of shading.
2 Shaded beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident upon the collector surface per unit area including the effects of shading.
3 Shaded diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse radiation incident upon the collector surface per unit area including the effects of shading.
4 Shaded diffuse radiation: sky portion Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky diffuse radiation incident upon the collector surface per unit area including the effects of shading.
5 Shaded diffuse radiation: ground reflected portion Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The ground reflected diffuse radiation incident upon the collector surface per unit area including the effects of
shading.

4–373
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.1.2. Parabolic Trough Arrays - Axes in Plane of Surface

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 30

Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Parabolic Trough Arrays\Axes in Plane of

Proforma
Surface\Type30b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Parabolic trough mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter indicates to the general collector array shading component that the shading is to be calculated
for a single-axis tracking parabolic trough array.
2 Axis orientation Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The orientation of the parabolic trough axis. Setting this parameter to 1 indicates that the parabolic trough axes
have the same slope and azimuth as the place containing the axes.
3 Collector axes separation Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The distance between tracking axes of the single axis tracking collectors.
4 Aperture width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The width of the aperture of one of the identical parabolic trough collectors.
5 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of identical rows of solar collectors in the array.
6 Slope of axes plane Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 90.0
The slope of the plane containing the tracking axes. Slope is positive when the surface is tilted toward the
azimuth, negative otherwise.
7 Azimuth of axes plane Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The azimuth of the plane containing the collector tracking axis. The azimuth is defined as the angle between the
local meridian and the line of sight of the collector tracking axis.
0=facing equator, 90 = facing west, -90 = facing east

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Incident beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The beam radiation incident upon the unshaded collector surface per unit area.
2 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 30.0
The slope of the collector surface in degrees.
3 Collector azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The azimuth of the solar collector surface.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Shaded beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The beam radiation incident upon the collector surface per unit area including the effects of shading.
2 Shading fraction Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The fraction of the collector surface which is shaded.

4–374
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.1.3. Parabolic Trough Arrays - Horizontal Axes

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 30

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Parabolic Trough Arrays\Horizontal Axes\Type30c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Parabolic trough mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter indicates to the general collector array shading component that the shading is to be calculated
for a single-axis tracking parabolic trough array.
2 Axis orientation Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The orientation of the parabolic trough axis. Setting this parameter to 2 indicates that the parabolic trough axes
have horizontal axes.
3 Collector axes separation Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The distance between tracking axes of the single axis tracking collectors.
4 Aperture width Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The width of the aperture of one of the identical parabolic trough collectors.
5 Number of rows Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of identical rows of solar collectors in the array.
6 Slope of axes plane Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;90.0] 90.0
The slope of the plane containing the tracking axes. Slope is positive when the surface is tilted toward the
azimuth, negative otherwise.

4–375
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.2. Convection Coefficient Calculation

4.10.2.1. Horizontal Surface - Default Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 80

Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Horizontal Surface\Default

Proforma
Coefficients\Type80a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface Type dimensionless dimensionless integer [1;1] 0
2 Number of Surfaces dimensionless dimensionless real [1;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Air temp near floor surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
2 Air temp. near ceiling surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
3 Temp of floor surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
4 Temp of ceiling surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-4 Number of Surfaces 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 convective coefficient for floor surface Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Convective coefficient for ceiling surface Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 Number of Surfaces 1 50

4–376
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.2.2. Horizontal Surface - User Defined Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 80

Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Horizontal Surface\User Defined

Proforma
Coefficients\Type80b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface Type dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 0
2 Number of Surfaces dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 0
3 Constant for floor warmer than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Exponent for floor warmer than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Constant for ceiling warmer than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Exponent for ceiling warmer than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Constant for floor cooler than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Exponent for floor cooler than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Constant for ceiling cooler than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Exponent for ceiling cooler than air dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-4 Number of Surfaces 1 50

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 Number of Surfaces 1 50

4–377
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.2.3. Vertical Surface - Default Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 80

Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Vertical Surface\Default

Proforma
Coefficients\Type80c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface Type dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
2 Number of Surfaces dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Air temp. in front of vertical surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
2 Air temp. behind vertical surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
3 Temperature of surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
4 Not used Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-4 Number of Surfaces 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Convective coefficient for front side of surface Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Convective coefficient for back side of surface Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 Number of Surfaces 1 50

4–378
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.2.4. Vertical Surface - User Defined Coefficients

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 80

Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Vertical Surface\User Defined

Proforma
Coefficients\Type80d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Surface Type dimensionless - integer [-2;-2] 0
2 Number of Surfaces dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 0
3 userdefined Constant for alpa_conv calculation vertical surface dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 userdefined Exponent for alpha_conv calculation vertical surface dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Air temp in front of vertical surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
2 Air temp. behind vertical surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
3 Temp of vertical surface Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0
4 Not used Temperature C real [-273;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-4 Number of Surfaces 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Convective coefficient for front side of vert. surf. Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Convective coefficient for back side of vert. surf. Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 Number of Surfaces 1 50

4–379
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.3. Radiation Processors

4.10.3.1. Beam and Diffuse Known (Mode=3)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Beam and Diffuse Known (Mode=3)\Type16e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 4
Horizontal Radiation Mode:
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 3 (Horizontal Beam and Diffuse Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all ircumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
The shift in solar time (ignored for true solar time, see parameter 9). Since many of the calculations made in
transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of day, it is important that the correct solar
time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences between solar time and local time. The
equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
Examples:
Stuttgart, DE: Long.= 9°11' East, LSM=15° East (UTC+1), Shift=-15-(-9.18)=-5.82

4–380
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Madison, WI (US): Long.=89°24' West, LSM= 90° West (UTC-6), shift=90-89.4=0.6

Note that Type 89 prints a notice to the listing file with the correct settings for Type 16. You can check your
settings using that information.
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.
9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data
is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is
ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–381
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–382
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

31 Slope of surface 5 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

32 Total radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Beam radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Incidence angle of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Slope of surface 6 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Total radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Beam radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 7 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Incidence angle of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Slope of surface 7 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Total radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Beam radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 8 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Incidence angle of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Slope of surface 8 Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–383
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.3.2. Total Horiz Only Known (Mode=1)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz Only Known (Mode=1)\Type16a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 4
Horizontal Radiation Mode:
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 1 (Only Horizontal Known, Reduced Reindl Correlation)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
The shift in solar time (ignored for true solar time, see parameter 9). Since many of the calculations made in
transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of day, it is important that the correct solar
time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences between solar time and local time. The
equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
Examples:
Stuttgart, DE: Long.= 9°11' East, LSM=15° East (UTC+1), Shift=-15-(-9.18)=-5.82
Madison, WI (US): Long.=89°24' West, LSM= 90° West (UTC-6), shift=90-89.4=0.6
Note that Type 89 prints a notice to the listing file with the correct settings for Type 16. You can check your
settings using that information.
8 Not used dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2

4–384
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.

9 Solar time? dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at
even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data is) then this parameter
should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in
Solar Time) is ignored. If the data being supplied is at even
intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
5-6 1 8
processor?

4–385
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–386
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–387
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.3.3. Total Horiz Temp and Humidity Known (Mode=2)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz Temp and Humidity Known

Proforma
(Mode=2)\Type16c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 2 (Total Horizontal Radiation, Temperature and Humidity Known, Full Reindl Correlation)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
The shift in solar time (ignored for true solar time, see parameter 9). Since many of the calculations made in
transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of day, it is important that the correct solar
time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences between solar time and local time. The
equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
Examples:
Stuttgart, DE: Long.= 9°11' East, LSM=15° East (UTC+1), Shift=-15-(-9.18)=-5.82
Madison, WI (US): Long.=89°24' West, LSM= 90° West (UTC-6), shift=90-89.4=0.6
Note that Type 89 prints a notice to the listing file with the correct settings for Type 16. You can check your
settings using that information.
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2

4–388
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.

9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1
If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data
is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is
ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-273.1;+Inf] 0
3 Relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0;100] 0
4 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
5 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
6 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
7 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
8 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples.)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
7-8 1 8
processor?

4–389
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–390
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–391
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.3.4. Total Horiz, Direct Normal Known (Mode=4)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz, Direct Normal Known (Mode=4)\Type16g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 4 (Total Horizontal and Normal Beam Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
The shift in solar time (ignored for true solar time, see parameter 9). Since many of the calculations made in
transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of day, it is important that the correct solar
time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences between solar time and local time. The
equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
Examples:
Stuttgart, DE: Long.= 9°11' East, LSM=15° East (UTC+1), Shift=-15-(-9.18)=-5.82
Madison, WI (US): Long.=89°24' West, LSM= 90° West (UTC-6), shift=90-89.4=0.6
Note that Type 89 prints a notice to the listing file with the correct settings for Type 16. You can check your
settings using that information.
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.

4–392
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1

If the radiation data being supplied to the radiation processor is at even intervals of solar time (as the TMY data
is) then this parameter should be set to a negative number so that the 7th parameter (Shift in Solar Time) is
ignored. If the data being supplied is at even intervals of local time, this value should be set positive so that the
seventh parameter is used.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total radiation on horizontal surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Direct normal beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
Beam radiation on a surface oriented towards the sun
3 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
4 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
6 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
7 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for
tracking surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–393
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–394
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–395
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.3.5. Total Horiz, Horiz Diffuse Known (Mode=5)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 16

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz, Horiz Diffuse Known (Mode=5)\Type16i.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Horiz. radiation mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 4
See the general description for an explanation of all horizontal radiation modes. This proforma corresponds to
Mode 5 (Total Horizontal and Diffuse Horizontal Radiation Known)
2 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1
Surface Tracking Mode:
1 = Fixed surface
2 = Single axis tracking; vertical axis, fixed slope, variable azimuth
3 = Single axis tracking; axis parallel to surface
4 = Two-axis tracking
Refer to the abstract for more details.
3 Tilted surface mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 3
Tilted Surface Rdaition Mode:
1 = Isotropic sky model
2 = Hay and Davies model
3 = Reindl model
4 = Perez model
Refer to the abstract for more details
4 Starting day Time day real [1;+Inf] 1
The day of the year corresponding to the simulation start time. Every time the simulation start time is changed,
the starting day must be changed or the radiation calculations will be inaccurate.
A commonly used workaround to set the starting day to the correct value in all circumstances is to add the
following lines to the "simulations cards" (in "Assembly/Control Cards"):
EQUATIONS 1
STARTDAY=INT(START/24)+1
(START is a default TRNSYS variable)
You can then set the Type of this parameter to "String" and type in STARTDAY for the value.
5 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-90.0;90.0] 43.10
The latitude of the location being investigated.
6 Solar constant Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4871.0
The solar constant.
7 Shift in solar time Direction (Angle) degrees real [-40;30] 0.0
The shift in solar time (ignored for true solar time, see parameter 9). Since many of the calculations made in
transforming insolation on a horizontal surface depend on the time of day, it is important that the correct solar
time be used. This parameter is used to account for the differences between solar time and local time. The
equation for the shift parameter is:
SHIFT = Lst - Lloc
where Lst is the standard meridian for the local time zone, and Lloc is the longitude of the location in question.
Longitude angles are positive towards West, negative towards East.
Examples:
Stuttgart, DE: Long.= 9°11' East, LSM=15° East (UTC+1), Shift=-15-(-9.18)=-5.82
Madison, WI (US): Long.=89°24' West, LSM= 90° West (UTC-6), shift=90-89.4=0.6
Note that Type 89 prints a notice to the listing file with the correct settings for Type 16. You can check your
settings using that information.
8 Not used Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter is not used in this mode of the radiation processor.

4–396
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Solar time? Dimensionless - integer [-1;+1] -1

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total radiation on horizontal1 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation on a horizontal surface.
2 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
3 Time of last data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The time of the last reading of the external file containing the weather data. Typically from the 19th Output of
the data reader component.
4 Time of next data read Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The time that the next weather information will be read from the external data file. This input is typicall hooked
up the the 20th Output of the data reader component.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 for ground covered by snow.
6 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth.
0 = Horizontal ; 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth
Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for tracking surfaces.
7 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples.)
Refer to the abstract for details on the azimuth parameter for
tracking surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many surfaces are to be evaluated by this radiation
6-7 1 8
processor?

4–397
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

diffuse radiation + ground reflected diffuse radiation.

4–398
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

34 Sky diffuse radiation on surface 6 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–399
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.4. Shading Masks

4.10.4.1. Shading on Opening

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 68

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Shading Masks\Type68.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit for data file Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
Type68 reads a file containing the angular heights of obstructions that shade openings. Two types of angle are
needed. Surface angles (alpha) are measured in the same coordinates as the TRNSYS standard for solar
angles. Thus in the Northern Hemisphere South = 0, North = -180, East = -90 and West = 90 (in the Southern
hemisphere, South. Obstruction anglular heights (beta) are given for each surface angle.
!!! ATTENTION !!!
1. The maximum line length is 160 characters. Longer lines will be truncated with unpredictable results
2. Opening ID's should be integer numbers in ascending order
3. The azimuth angles (alpha) for which obstruction angles are given are relative to the surface azimuth, not
absolute
The format of the data file should be (assuming you use the maximum number of azimuth angles, i.e. 20):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN_ID1 OPEN_ID2 OPEN_ID3 ... OPEN_IDN
Slope_1 Slope_2 Slope_3 ... Slope_N
Azimuth_1 Azimuth_2 Azimuth_3 ... Azimuth_N
-180 -162 -144 -126 -108 -90 -72 -54 -36 -18 0 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162
beta1 at alpha1 for OPEN_ID1 (i.e. obstruction angle fora relative azimuth of
beta2 at alpha2 for OPEN_ID1
beta3 at alpha3 for OPEN_ID1
...
beta1 at alpha1 for OPEN_ID2
beta2 at alpha2 for OPEN_ID2
beta3 at alpha3 for OPEN_ID2
...
betaN at alphaN for OPEN_IDn
***********************************************
Type68 takes two inputs which give the angle of the sun and return two outputs for each opening in the file.
The first ouput is the fraction of diffuse radation that is visible from the opening.
The second output for each opening is a flag which has a value of 1 if the beam radiation is visible from the
opening and 0 if it is not.
2 Number of openings in file dimensionless - integer [1;40] 0
3 Number of surface angles dimensionless - integer [1;20] 0

4–400
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun.
3 Beam radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Beam (or direct) radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).
4 Diffuse radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
3-4 Number of openings in file 1 100

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-6 Number of openings in file 1 100

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the angular obstruction .\Examples\Data Files\Type68- Logical unit for data
data? ShadingMasks.dat file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type68.for

4.10.4.2. Shading By External Object on Opening and Horizontal

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 67

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Shading Masks\Type67.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–401
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Logical unit for data file Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0

2 Number of openings in file dimensionless - integer [1;40] 0
3 Number of surface angles dimensionless - integer [1;20] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontal plane. The reference is as follows:
0 = Facing equator
90 = Facing West
180 (or -180) = Facing away from the equator
-90 (or 270) = Facing East
(See manual for examples.)
2 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun.
3 Total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
The total solar radiation (beam+diffuse) incident on a horizontal surface.
4 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of diffuse radiation incident on a horizontal surface
5 Beam radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Beam (or direct) radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).
6 Diffuse radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-6 Number of openings in file 1 100

4–402
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Shaded beam rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Beam radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account
9 Fraction of diffuse visible on horiz. for mask dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Number between 0 and 1 which gives the fraction of diffuse radiation visible from the horizontal given this
opening's mask
0 indicates no diffuse radiation is visible and 1 indicates that all the shading has no influence
(i.e., all the diffuse radiation normally visible by the window is indeed visible).
10 Shaded diffuse rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account.
11 Shaded total rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-11 Number of openings in file 1 100

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the angular obstruction .\Examples\Data Files\Type67- Logical unit for data
data? ShadingMasks.dat file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type67.for

4.10.4.3. Shading By External Object with Single Shading Mask

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 64

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Shading Masks\Type64.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit for data file Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
2 Number of openingse dimensionless - integer [1;40] 0
3 Number of surface angles dimensionless - integer [1;20] 0

4–403
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The amount of diffuse radiation incident on a horizontal surface

5 Beam radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Beam (or direct) radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).
6 Diffuse radiation for opening Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation corresponding to the orientation of the opening.
(Usually output of Solar Radiation Processor).
7 Slope of opening Direction degree real [-inf;+Inf] 0
Slope of opening
8 Azimuth of opening Direction degree real [-inf;+Inf] 0
Azimuth of opening

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-8 Number of openings 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Solar altitude angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Angular height of the direct line between the opening's center and the sun versus the horizontal.
2 Fraction of beam visible for surf. Dimensionless Dimensionless real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Flag = 1 if beam radiation is visisble for this opening, otherwise = 0.
3 Shaded beam rad. for surf. Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Beam radiation for this surface, taking shading into account.
4 Fraction of diffuse visible for surf. dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Number between 0 and 1 which gives the fraction of diffuse radiation visible from the opening.
0 indicates no diffuse radiation is visible and 1 indicates that all the shading has no influence
(i.e., all the diffuse radiation normally visible by the window is indeed visible).
5 Shaded diffuse rad. on surf. Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation for this surface, taking shading into account.
6 Shaded total rad. for surf. Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total radiation for this opening, taking shading into account.
7 Fraction of beam visible on horiz. for mask dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Flag = 1 if beam radiation is visisble for this opening, otherwise = 0.
8 Shaded beam rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Beam radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account
9 Fraction of diffuse visible on horiz. for mask dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Number between 0 and 1 which gives the fraction of diffuse radiation visible from the horizontal given this
opening's mask
0 indicates no diffuse radiation is visible and 1 indicates that all the shading has no influence
(i.e., all the diffuse radiation normally visible by the window is indeed visible).
10 Shaded diffuse rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Diffuse radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account.
11 Shaded total rad. on horiz. for mask Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Total radiation on the horizontal taking shading by this opening's mask into account.

4–404
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-11 Number of openings 1 100

4–405
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.5. Simple Ground Temperature Model

4.10.5.1. Simple Ground Temperature Model

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 77

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Simple Ground Temperature Model\Type77.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of temperature nodes dimensionless - integer [1;25] 1
The number of temperatures that will be output from the model. For each output temperature
desired, the user has to specify the depth at which the output temperature should be calculated.
These depths should be entered in parameters 8 to 7 + N, where N is the number of temperature
nodes (this parameter).
2 Mean surface temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The mean (average) surface temperature of the ground during the year. The temperature of the
ground at an infinite depth will be this temperature. This temperature is typically the average annual
air temperature for the given location
3 Amplitude of surface temperature Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
The amplitude of the surface temperature function throughout the year.
The maximum temperature of the surface will be TMEAN+TAMPL
4 Time shift Time day integer [-365;365] 30
The time difference (in days) between the beginning of the calendar year and the occurence of the
minimum surface temperature.
5 Soil thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 8.72
The thermal conductivity of the soil for which the temperature is being calculated.
6 Soil density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 3200.0
The density of the soil for which the temperatures are being calculated.
7 Soil specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.84
The specific heat of the soil for which the temperature is being calculated.
8 Depth at point Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The depth of the soil at which the temperature for this node should be evaluated. 0=Surface

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
8-8 Number of temperature nodes 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Soil Temperature at Node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The soil temperature at the specified depth for this node.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of temperature nodes 1 50

4–406
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.6. Sky Temperature

4.10.6.1. calculate cloudiness factor

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 69

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Sky Temperature\calculate cloudiness factor\Type69b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 mode for cloudiness factor dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
2 height over sea level Length m real [0;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Dew point temperature at ambient conditions Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20
3 Beam radiation on the horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Diffuse radiation on the horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Fictive sky temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Cloudiness factor of the sky dimensionless - real [0;100] 0

4–407
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.6.2. read in cloudiness factor

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 69

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Sky Temperature\read in cloudiness factor\Type69a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 mode for cloudiness factor dimensionless - integer [1;+INF] 1
2 height over sea level Length m real [0;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Fictive sky temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Cloudiness factor of the sky dimensionless - real [0;100] 0

4–408
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7. Thermodynamic Properties

4.10.7.1. Psychrometrics - Dry Bulb and Dew Point Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Dew Point

Proforma
Known\Type33d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that thedry bulb temperature and the dew point
temperature will be used tocalculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Dry bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air.
2 Dew point temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The dew point temperature of the air.
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Humidity ratio dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air (kg's H2O / kg of dry air).
2 Wet bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The wet bulb temperature of the moist air.
3 Enthalpy Specific Energy kJ/kg real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The enthalpy of the moist air.
4 Density of mixture Density kg/m^3 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The density of the air-water mixture.
5 Density of dry air Density kg/m^3 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The density of the dry air only.
6 Percent relative humidity dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the moist air.

4–409
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The dry bulb temperature of the moist air.
8 Dew point temperature. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the moist air.
9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
A warning flag indicating improper conditions input to this unit. 0 ---> No warning 1 ---> A pressure greater than
5 atmospheres was specified 2 ---> The given enthalpy is less than that possible for the given humidity ratio 3 --
-> A humidity ratio less than zero was specified 4 ---> A wet bulb temperature was supplied that is greater than
the dry bulb temperature 5 ---> A dew point temperature was supplied that is greater than the dry bulb
temperature 6 ---> A wet bulb temperature lower than that for dry air has been specified 7 ---> A relative
humidity less than 0 percent has been specified 8 ---> A relative humidity greater than 100 percent has been
specified 9 ---> A humidity ratio has been specified that is greater than the humidity ratio for saturated air at the
given temperature10 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is greater than the enthalpy for saturated air at
the given temperature11 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is less than the enthalpy for dry air at the
given temperature12 ---> Correlation out of range - check the input values13 ---> Correlation out of range -
check the input values

4–410
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.2. Psychrometrics - Dry Bulb and Enthalpy Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Enthalpy

Proforma
Known\Type33b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [5;5] 5
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that thedry bulb temperature and the enthalpy of the
moist air will be used tocalculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Dry bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air.
2 Enthalpy of air Specific Energy kJ/kg real [0.0;+Inf] 45.0
The enthalpy of the moist air.
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

4–411
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

A warning flag indicating improper conditions input to this unit. 0 ---> No warning 1 ---> A pressure greater than
5 atmospheres was specified 2 ---> The given enthalpy is less than that possible for the given humidity ratio 3 --
-> A humidity ratio less than zero was specified 4 ---> A wet bulb temperature was supplied that is greater than
the dry bulb temperature 5 ---> A dew point temperature was supplied that is greater than the dry bulb
temperature 6 ---> A wet bulb temperature lower than that for dry air has been specified 7 ---> A relative
humidity less than 0 percent has been specified 8 ---> A relative humidity greater than 100 percent has been
specified 9 ---> A humidity ratio has been specified that is greater than the humidity ratio for saturated air at the
given temperature10 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is greater than the enthalpy for saturated air at
the given temperature11 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is less than the enthalpy for dry air at the
given temperature12 ---> Correlation out of range - check the input values13 ---> Correlation out of range -
check the input values

4–412
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.3. Psychrometrics - Dry Bulb and Humidity Ratio Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Humidity Ratio

Proforma
Known\Type33c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [4;4] 4
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that thedry bulb temperature and the absolute
humidity ratio will be used tocalculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Dry bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air.
2 Absolute humidity ratio dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air (kg's H2O / kg dry air).
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

4–413
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–414
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.4. Psychrometrics - Dry Bulb and Relative Humidity

Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Relative Humidity

Proforma
Known\Type33e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that thedry bulb temperature and the percent realtive
humidity will be used tocalculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Dry bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air.
2 Percent relative humidity dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 60.0
The percent relative humidity of the moist air.
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

4–415
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The dew point temperature of the moist air.

9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
A warning flag indicating improper conditions input to this unit. 0 ---> No warning 1 ---> A pressure greater than
5 atmospheres was specified 2 ---> The given enthalpy is less than that possible for the given humidity ratio 3 --
-> A humidity ratio less than zero was specified 4 ---> A wet bulb temperature was supplied that is greater than
the dry bulb temperature 5 ---> A dew point temperature was supplied that is greater than the dry bulb
temperature 6 ---> A wet bulb temperature lower than that for dry air has been specified 7 ---> A relative
humidity less than 0 percent has been specified 8 ---> A relative humidity greater than 100 percent has been
specified 9 ---> A humidity ratio has been specified that is greater than the humidity ratio for saturated air at the
given temperature10 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is greater than the enthalpy for saturated air at
the given temperature11 ---> An enthalpy has been specified that is less than the enthalpy for dry air at the
given temperature12 ---> Correlation out of range - check the input values13 ---> Correlation out of range -
check the input values

4–416
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.5. Psychrometrics - Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb

Proforma
Known\Type33f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that thedry bulb temperature and the wet bulb
temperature will be used tocalculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Dry bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The dry bulb temperature of the air.
2 Wet bulb temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The wet bulb temperature of the air.
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

4–417
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–418
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.6. Psychrometrics - Humidity ratio and Enthalpy Known

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 33

Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Humidity ratio and Enthalpy

Proforma
Known\Type33a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Psychrometrics mode dimensionless - integer [6;6] 6
This mode indicates to the general psychrometrics routine that theabsolute humidity ratio and the enthalpy will
be used to calculate the remaining moist air properties.
2 Wet bulb mode dimensionless - integer [0;1] 1
Should the wet bulb temperature be calculated as an output if it is not supplied as one of the inputs? 0 ---> Do
not calculate the wet bulb temperature 1 ---> Calculate the wet bulb temperatureIf the wet bulb temperature is
not required as an output, this parameter should be set to zero to reduce the required computational effort.
3 Error mode dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The error mode indicates the error handling procedure to the generalpsychrometrics routine: 1 ---> Only one
warning condition will be printed throughout the simulation 2 ---> Warnings will be printed every timestep that
warning conditions occur

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Absolute humidity ratio dimensionless - real [0.0;+0.5] 0.006
The absolute humidity ratio of the moist air (kg's H2O / kg dry air).
2 Enthalpy of air Specific Energy kJ/kg real [-Inf;+Inf] 40.0
The enthalpy of the moist air.
3 Pressure Pressure atm real [0;+Inf] 0
Total system pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure for ambient conditions

4–419
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Status dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–420
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.7.7. Refrigerant and Steam Properties

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 58

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Refrigerant and Steam Properties\Type58.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Refrigerant for state Dimensionless - integer [11;718] 12
The identification number of the refrigerant for the specified state:
11 = Properties for R-11
12 = Properties for R-12
13 = Properties for R-13
14 = Properties for R-14
22 = Properties for R-22
114 = Properties for R-114
134 = Properties for R-134A
500 = Properties for R-500
502 = Properties for R-502
717 = Properties for Ammonia
718 = Properties for Steam
2 1st property type for state Dimensionless - integer [1;7] 1
The number of the first property corresponding to the specified state:
1 = Input i is a temperature (C)
2 = Input i is a pressure (kPa)
3 = Input i is an enthalpy (kJ/kg)
4 = Input i is an entropy (kJ/kg.K)
5 = Input i is a quality (0 to 1)
6 = Input i is a specific volume (m^3/kg)
7 = Input i is an internal energy (kJ/kg)
Two unique properties (ie temperature and enthalpy) must be supplied in order to calculate the state of the fluid.
3 2nd property type for state Dimensionless - integer [1;7] 3
The number of the second property corresponding to the specified state:
1 = Input (2*i) is a temperature (C)
2 = Input (2*i) is a pressure (kPa)
3 = Input (2*1) is an enthalpy (kJ/kg)
4 = Input (2*1) is an entropy (kJ/kg.K)
5 = Input (2*i) is a quality (0 to 1)
6 = Input (2*i) is a specific volume (m^3/kg)
7 = Input (2*i) is an internal energy (kJ/kg)
Two unique properties (ie temperature and enthalpy) must be supplied in order to calculate the state properties
of the fluid.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-3 How many sets of state properties are to be calculated? 1 10

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 1st property for state any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of the first property required to calculate the remaining state propertiesof the fluid. For example, if
parameter (3*(i-1)+2 is set to 1 (temperature), this input must be connected to the temperature of the fluid
specified by parameter (3*(i-1)+1).

4–421
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2 2nd property for state any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0

The value of the second property required to calculate the remaining state properties of the fluid specified. For
example, if parameter (3*(i-1)+3) is set to 3 (enthalpy) then this input must be the enthalpy of the fluid specified
in parameter (3*(i-1)+1).

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-2 How many sets of state properties are to be calculated? 1 10

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature at state Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
2 Pressure at state Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The pressure of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
3 Enthalpy at state Specific Energy kJ/kg real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The enthalpy of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
4 Entropy at state Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The entropy of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
5 Quality at state Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The quality of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
6 Specific volume at state Specific Volume m^3/kg real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The specific volume of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.
7 Internal energy at state Specific Energy kJ/kg real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy of the fluid specified in parameter 3*(i-1)+1.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-7 How many sets of state properties are to be calculated? 1 10

4–422
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.8. Weather Generators

4.10.8.1. Default Random Number Seeds

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 54

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\Default Random Number Seeds\Type54a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weather file units Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
An indicator to the weather generator model of the units contained in the external file of monthly averages.
1 ----> SI Units
2 ----> English Units
If either of the default monthly average files are used (WDATA.DAT or NREL.DAT) this parameter must be set
to 1.
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 25
The logical unit through which the external weather data file will be accessed. Each file that TRNSYS writes to
or reads from must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file.
3 City number Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 100
The identification number (listed in the weather data file) given to the city for which the weather will be
generated.
Weather File = WDATA.DAT Weather File = NREL.DAT
(See manual for city identification numbers.)
4 Temperature model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The type of temperature model to be used in the generation of the weather:
1 ---> Stochastic model
2 ---> Cosine model
See the abstract for more details on the appropriate choice of temperature model for your simulation.
5 Hourly radiation correction Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the calculated values of solar radiation be autocorrelated?
1 ---> Yes
2 ---> No
See the abstract for more details on the autocorrelation of radiation values.
6 Use default seeds Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general weather generator component that the default random
number seeds should be used.
Do not change this parameter.
7 Average January windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of January. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
8 Average February windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of February. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
9 Average March windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of March. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
10 Average April windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of April. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not

4–423
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

available.
11 Average May windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of May. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
12 Average June windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of June. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
13 Average July windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of July. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
14 Average August windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of August. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
15 Average September windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of September. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
16 Average October windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of October. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
17 Average November windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of November. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
18 Average December windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of December. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
19 Altitude Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The altitude of the city for which the weather will be generated. A default value of 0 (sea level) should be used
if no data is available.

4–424
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The diffuse solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour -
use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
10 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
11 Output 11 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Output 12 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Output 13 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
14 Output 14 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Output 15 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Output 16 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Output 17 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Output 18 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Output 19 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Output 20 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Output 21 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Output 22 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Output 23 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Output 24 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Output 25 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Output 26 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Output 27 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Output 28 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Output 29 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Output 30 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Output 31 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Output 32 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Output 33 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Output 34 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Output 35 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Output 36 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Output 37 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Output 38 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Output 39 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Output 40 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Output 41 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Output 42 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Output 43 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Output 44 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Output 45 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Output 46 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
47 Output 47 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
48 Output 48 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
49 Output 49 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–425
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

50 Output 50 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

51 Output 51 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
52 Output 52 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
53 Output 53 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
54 Output 54 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
55 Output 55 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
56 Output 56 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
57 Output 57 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
58 Output 58 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
59 Output 59 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
60 Output 60 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
61 Output 61 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
62 Output 62 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
63 Output 63 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
64 Output 64 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
65 Output 65 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
66 Output 66 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
67 Output 67 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
68 Output 68 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
69 Output 69 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
70 Output 70 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
71 Output 71 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
72 Output 72 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
73 Output 73 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
74 Output 74 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
75 Output 75 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
76 Output 76 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
77 Output 77 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
78 Output 78 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
79 Output 79 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
80 Output 80 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
81 Output 81 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
82 Output 82 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
83 Output 83 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
84 Output 84 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
85 Output 85 not used1 dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
86 Output 86 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
87 Output 87 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
88 Output 88 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
89 Output 89 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
90 Output 90 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
91 Output 91 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
92 Output 92 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–426
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

93 Output 93 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

94 Output 94 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
95 Output 95 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
96 Output 96 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
97 Output 97 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
98 Output 98 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Day at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the next timestep (not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
103 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
104 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
105 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
106 Relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
107 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
108 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
109 Diffuse at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation at the next timestep. This output is typically used with the radiation smoothing
option in the radiation processor component.
110 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the monthly average .\Examples\Data Files\Type54-
Logical unit
weather data? WeatherGenerator.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type54.for

4–427
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.8.2. Default Random Number Seeds - No External File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 54

Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\Default Random Number Seeds\No External

Proforma
File\TYPE54c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weather file units Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
An indicator to the weather generator model of the units contained in the external file of monthly averages.
1 ----> SI Units
2 ----> English Units
If either of the default monthly average files are used (WDATA.DAT or NREL.DAT) this parameter must be set
to 1.
2 Logical unit - not used Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 25
The logical unit through which the external weather data file will be accessed. Each file that TRNSYS writes to
or reads from must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file. By setting this value to -1, the
user indicates that the values are provided in the input file as PARAMETERS to the model instead of in an
external file.
3 City number - not used Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 100
The identification number (listed in the weather data file) given to the city for which the weather will be
generated.
Weather File = WDATA.DAT þ Weather File = NREL.DAT
(See manual for city identification numbers.)
4 Temperature model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The type of temperature model to be used in the generation of the weather:
1 ---> Stochastic model
2 ---> Cosine model
See the abstract for more details on the appropriate choice of temperature model for your simulation.
5 Hourly radiation correction Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the calculated values of solar radiation be autocorrelated?
1 ---> Yes
2 ---> No
See the abstract for more details on the autocorrelation of radiation values.
6 Use default seeds Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general weather generator component that the default random
number seeds should be used.
Do not change this parameter.
7 Average January windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of January. A default value of 9 should be used if wind speed data is
not available.
8 Average February windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of February. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
9 Average March windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of March. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
10 Average April windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of April. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.

4–428
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Average May windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0

The average windspeed for the month of May. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
12 Average June windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of June. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
13 Average July windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of July. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
14 Average August windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of August. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
15 Average September windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of September. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
16 Average October windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of October. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
17 Average November windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of November. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
18 Average December windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of December. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
19 Altitude Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The altitude of the city for which the weather will be generated. A default value of 0 (sea level) should be used
if no data is available.
20 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The latitude of the location. North of the equator is taken as positive, south as negative.
21 Average January daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in January
22 Average February daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in February
23 Average March daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in March
24 Average April daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in April
25 Average May daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in May
26 Average June daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in June
27 Average July daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in July
28 Average August daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in August
29 Average September daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in September
30 Average October daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in October

4–429
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

31 Average November daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0

The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in November
32 Average December daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in December
33 Average January humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in January
34 Average February humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in February
35 Average March humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in March
36 Average April humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in April
37 Average May humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in May
38 Average June humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in June
39 Average July humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in July
40 Average August humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in August
41 Average September humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in September
42 Average October humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in October
43 Average November humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in November
44 Average December humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in December
45 Average January temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in January.
46 Average February temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in February
47 Average March temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in March
48 Average April temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in April
49 Average May temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in May
50 Average June temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in June
51 Average July temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in July
52 Average August temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in August
53 Average September temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in September

4–430
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

54 Average October temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average dry bulb temperature in October
55 Average November temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in November
56 Average December temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average dry bulb temperature in December

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month of the year Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Day of the month Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the current timestep (not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour).
3 Hour Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
4 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
5 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air (interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
6 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air expressed as a percentage (interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour).
7 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
8 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
9 Diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour -
use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
10 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
11 Output 11 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Output 12 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Output 13 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
14 Output 14 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Output 15 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Output 16 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Output 17 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Output 18 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Output 19 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Output 20 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Output 21 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Output 22 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Output 23 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Output 24 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–431
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

25 Output 25 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

26 Output 26 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Output 27 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Output 28 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Output 29 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Output 30 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Output 31 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Output 32 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Output 33 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Output 34 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Output 35 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Output 36 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Output 37 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Output 38 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Output 39 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Output 40 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Output 41 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Output 42 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Output 43 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Output 44 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Output 45 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Output 46 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
47 Output 47 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
48 Output 48 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
49 Output 49 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
50 Output 50 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
51 Output 51 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
52 Output 52 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
53 Output 53 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
54 Output 54 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
55 Output 55 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
56 Output 56 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
57 Output 57 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
58 Output 58 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
59 Output 59 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
60 Output 60 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
61 Output 61 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
62 Output 62 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
63 Output 63 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
64 Output 64 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
65 Output 65 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
66 Output 66 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
67 Output 67 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–432
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

68 Output 68 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

69 Output 69 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
70 Output 70 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
71 Output 71 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
72 Output 72 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
73 Output 73 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
74 Output 74 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
75 Output 75 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
76 Output 76 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
77 Output 77 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
78 Output 78 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
79 Output 79 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
80 Output 80 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
81 Output 81 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
82 Output 82 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
83 Output 83 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
84 Output 84 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
85 Output 85 not used1 dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
86 Output 86 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
87 Output 87 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
88 Output 88 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
89 Output 89 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
90 Output 90 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
91 Output 91 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
92 Output 92 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
93 Output 93 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
94 Output 94 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
95 Output 95 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
96 Output 96 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
97 Output 97 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
98 Output 98 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Day at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the next timestep (not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
103 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
104 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.

4–433
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

105 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
106 Relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
107 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
108 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
109 Diffuse at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation at the next timestep. This output is typically used with the radiation smoothing
option in the radiation processor component.
110 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.

4–434
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.8.3. User-Supplied Random Number Seeds

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 54

Proforma Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\User-Supplied Random Number Seeds\Type54b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weather file units Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
An indicator to the weather generator model of the units contained in the external file of monthly averages.
1 ----> SI Units
2 ----> English Units
If either of the default monthly average files are used (WDATA.DAT or NREL.DAT) this parameter must be set
to 1.
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 25
The logical unit through which the external weather data file will be accessed. Each file that TRNSYS writes to
or reads from must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file.
3 City number Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 100
The identification number (listed in the weather data file) given to the city for which the weather will be
generated.
Weather File = WDATA.DAT þ Weather File = NREL.DAT
(See manual for city identification numbers.)
4 Temperature model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The type of temperature model to be used in the generation of the weather:
1 ---> Stochastic model
2 ---> Cosine model
See the abstract for more details on the appropriate choice of temperature model for your simulation.
5 Hourly radiation correction Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the calculated values of solar radiation be autocorrelated?
1 ---> Yes
2 ---> No
See the abstract for more details on the autocorrelation of radiation values.
6 Use default seeds Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general weather generator component that the default random
number seeds should be used.
Do not change this parameter.
7 Starting random seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.654387
The first random number seed for the starting positions in the sequences.
8 Starting random seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.268344
The second random number seed for the starting positions in the sequences.
9 Hourly radiation seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] -0.542936
The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly radiation values.
10 Hourly radiation seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.835275
The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly radiation values.
11 Hourly temperature seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] -0.174732
The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly dry bulb temperatures.
12 Hourly temperature seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.16378
The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly dry bulb temperatures.
13 Hourly wind speed seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.643575

4–435
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly wind speed data.
14 Hourly wind speed seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.982356
The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly wind speed data.
15 Average January windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of January. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
16 Average February windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of February. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
17 Average March windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of March. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
18 Average April windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of April. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
19 Average May windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of May. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
20 Average June windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of June. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
21 Average July windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of July. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
22 Average August windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of August. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
23 Average September windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of September. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
24 Average October windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of October. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
25 Average November windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of November. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
26 Average December windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of December. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
27 Altitude Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The altitude of the city for which the weather will be generated. A default value of 0 (sea level) should be used
if no data is available.

4–436
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)

4 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
5 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air (interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
6 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air expressed as a percentage (interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour).
7 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
8 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
9 Diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour -
use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
10 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
11 Output 11 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Output 12 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Output 13 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
14 Output 14 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Output 15 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Output 16 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Output 17 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Output 18 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Output 19 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Output 20 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Output 21 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Output 22 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Output 23 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Output 24 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Output 25 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Output 26 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Output 27 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Output 28 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Output 29 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Output 30 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Output 31 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Output 32 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Output 33 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Output 34 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Output 35 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Output 36 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–437
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Output 37 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

38 Output 38 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Output 39 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Output 40 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Output 41 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Output 42 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Output 43 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Output 44 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Output 45 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Output 46 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
47 Output 47 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
48 Output 48 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
49 Output 49 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
50 Output 50 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
51 Output 51 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
52 Output 52 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
53 Output 53 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
54 Output 54 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
55 Output 55 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
56 Output 56 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
57 Output 57 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
58 Output 58 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
59 Output 59 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
60 Output 60 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
61 Output 61 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
62 Output 62 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
63 Output 63 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
64 Output 64 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
65 Output 65 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
66 Output 66 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
67 Output 67 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
68 Output 68 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
69 Output 69 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
70 Output 70 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
71 Output 71 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
72 Output 72 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
73 Output 73 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
74 Output 74 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
75 Output 75 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
76 Output 76 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
77 Output 77 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
78 Output 78 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
79 Output 79 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–438
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

80 Output 80 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

81 Output 81 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
82 Output 82 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
83 Output 83 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
84 Output 84 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
85 Output 85 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
86 Output 86 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
87 Output 87 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
88 Output 88 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
89 Output 89 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
90 Output 90 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
91 Output 91 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
92 Output 92 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
93 Output 93 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
94 Output 94 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
95 Output 95 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
96 Output 96 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
97 Output 97 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
98 Output 98 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Day at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the next timestep (not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
103 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
104 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
105 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
106 Relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
107 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
108 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
109 Diffuse at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–439
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The diffuse solar radiation at the next timestep. This output is typically used with the radiation smoothing
option in the radiation processor component.
110 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.

4–440
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.10.8.4. User-Supplied Random Number Seeds - No External

File

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 54

Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\User-Supplied Random Number Seeds\No External

Proforma
File\TYPE54d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weather file units Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
An indicator to the weather generator model of the units contained in the external file of monthly averages.
1 ----> SI Units
2 ----> English Units
If either of the default monthly average files are used (WDATA.DAT or NREL.DAT) this parameter must be set
to 1.
2 Logical unit - not used Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] 25
The logical unit through which the external weather data file will be accessed. Each file that TRNSYS writes to
or reads from must be assigned a unique logical unit in the TRNSYS input file. By setting this value to -1, the
user indicates that the values are provided in the input file as PARAMETERS to the model instead of in an
external file.
3 City number - not used Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 100
The identification number (listed in the weather data file) given to the city for which the weather will be
generated.
Weather File = WDATA.DAT þ Weather File = NREL.DAT
(See manual for city identification numbers.)
4 Temperature model Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
The type of temperature model to be used in the generation of the weather:
1---> Stochastic model
2---> Cosine model
See the abstract for more details on the appropriate choice of temperature model for your simulation.
5 Hourly radiation correction Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
Should the calculated values of solar radiation be autocorrelated?
1 ---> Yes
2 ---> No
See the abstract for more details on the autocorrelation of radiation values.
6 Use default seeds Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
Setting this parameter to 1 indicates to the general weather generator component that the default random
number seeds should be used.
Do not change this parameter.
7 Starting random seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.654387
The first random number seed for the starting positions in the sequences.
8 Starting random seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;1.0] 0.268344
The second random number seed for the starting positions in the sequences.
9 Hourly radiation seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] -0.542936
The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly radiation values.
10 Hourly radiation seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.835275
The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly radiation values.
11 Hourly temperature seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] -0.174732
The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly dry bulb temperatures.

4–441
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Hourly temperature seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.16378

The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly dry bulb temperatures.
13 Hourly wind speed seed 1 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.643575
The first random number seed for the generation of the hourly wind speed data.
14 Hourly wind speed seed 2 Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.982356
The second random number seed for the generation of the hourly wind speed data.
15 Average January windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of January. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
16 Average February windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of February. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
17 Average March windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of March. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
18 Average April windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of April. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
19 Average May windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of May. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
20 Average June windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of June. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
21 Average July windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of July. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
22 Average August windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of August. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
23 Average September windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of September. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
24 Average October windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of October. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is not
available.
25 Average November windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of November. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
26 Average December windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The average windspeed for the month of December. A default value of 9 should be used if windspeed data is
not available.
27 Altitude Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The altitude of the city for which the weather will be generated. A default value of 0 (sea level) should be used
if no data is available.
28 Latitude Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Average January daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in January
30 Average February daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0

4–442
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in February
31 Average March daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in March
32 Average April daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in April
33 Average May daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in May
34 Average June daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in June
35 Average July daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in July
36 Average August daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in August
37 Average September daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in September
38 Average October daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in October
39 Average November daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in November
40 Average December daily solar any any real [0;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation incident on the horizontal during the average day in December
41 Average January humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in January.
42 Average February humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in February
43 Average March humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in March
44 Average April humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in April
45 Average May humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in May
46 Average June humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in June
47 Average July humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in July
48 Average August humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in August
49 Average September humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in September
50 Average October humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in October
51 Average November humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in November
52 Average December humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
The average absolute humidity ratio (kgH2O/kgAir) in December
53 Average January temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0

4–443
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The average dry bulb temperature in January

54 Average February temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
55 Average March temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
56 Average April temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
57 Average May temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
58 Average June temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
59 Average July temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
60 Average August temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
61 Average September temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
62 Average October temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
63 Average November temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0
64 Average December temperature Temperature C real [0;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month of the year Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Day of the month Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the current timestep (not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour).
3 Hour Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
4 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
5 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air (interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
6 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air expressed as a percentage (interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour).
7 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
8 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
9 Diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour -
use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
10 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
11 Output 11 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Output 12 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Output 13 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
14 Output 14 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
15 Output 15 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Output 16 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Output 17 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–444
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

18 Output 18 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

19 Output 19 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Output 20 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Output 21 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Output 22 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Output 23 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Output 24 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Output 25 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Output 26 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Output 27 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Output 28 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
29 Output 29 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
30 Output 30 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
31 Output 31 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
32 Output 32 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
33 Output 33 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
34 Output 34 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
35 Output 35 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
36 Output 36 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
37 Output 37 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
38 Output 38 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
39 Output 39 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
40 Output 40 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
41 Output 41 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
42 Output 42 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
43 Output 43 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
44 Output 44 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
45 Output 45 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
46 Output 46 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
47 Output 47 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
48 Output 48 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
49 Output 49 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
50 Output 50 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
51 Output 51 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
52 Output 52 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
53 Output 53 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
54 Output 54 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
55 Output 55 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
56 Output 56 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
57 Output 57 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
58 Output 58 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
59 Output 59 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
60 Output 60 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–445
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

61 Output 61 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

62 Output 62 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
63 Output 63 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
64 Output 64 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
65 Output 65 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
66 Output 66 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
67 Output 67 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
68 Output 68 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
69 Output 69 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
70 Output 70 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
71 Output 71 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
72 Output 72 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
73 Output 73 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
74 Output 74 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
75 Output 75 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
76 Output 76 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
77 Output 77 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
78 Output 78 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
79 Output 79 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
80 Output 80 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
81 Output 81 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
82 Output 82 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
83 Output 83 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
84 Output 84 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
85 Output 85 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
86 Output 86 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
87 Output 87 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
88 Output 88 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
89 Output 89 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
90 Output 90 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
91 Output 91 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
92 Output 92 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
93 Output 93 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
94 Output 94 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
95 Output 95 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
96 Output 96 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
97 Output 97 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
98 Output 98 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.

4–446
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Day at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The day of the month corresponding to the next timestep (not interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour).
103 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
104 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
105 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
106 Relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep (interpolated at timesteps of less than 1
hour).
107 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
108 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
109 Diffuse at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The diffuse solar radiation at the next timestep. This output is typically used with the radiation smoothing
option in the radiation processor component.
110 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.

4–447
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11. Solar Thermal Collectors

4.11.1. CPC Collector

4.11.1.1. CPC Collector

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 74

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\CPC Collector\Type74.tmf

4–448
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

radiation absorbed by a surface to the total radiation incident on the surface.

11 Number of covers Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The number of glass covers covering the solar collector absorber plate.
12 Index of refraction of cover Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
The index of refraction of the material covering the solar collector absorber plate.
Extinction coeff. thickness
13 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0026
product
The product of the extinction coefficient and the thickness of one of the glazings covering the solar collector
absorber plate.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation incident upon a horizontal surface. Includes beam radiation, sky diffuse radiation, and
ground reflected diffuse radiation.
6 Horizontal diffuse Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface.
7 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is located. The ground reflectance is defined as
the ratio of reflected radiation to total incident radiation. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered by snow
and 0.7 for snow-covered ground.
8 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 20.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation on the collector surface.
9 Zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun. This is 90 minus the
angle between the sun and the horizontal.
10 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the
sun onto the horizontal plane. Zero solar azimuth is facing the equator, 90 is facing west, 180 is facing directly
away from the equator, and -90 is facing east.
11 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
The angle between the plane of the collector surface and the horizontal. The slope is positive when facing the
direction of the surface azimuth.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing Azimuth
As a general rule, the performance is somewhat optimized when the slope is set equal to the latitude.
12 Collector azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
The collector azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of
the collector. Zero collector azimuth is facing the equator, 90 is facing west, 180 is facing directly away from
the equator and -90 is facing east.

OUTPUTS

4–449
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the solar collector array.
2 Outlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of the fluid exiting the solar collecor array. In this model:
mdot,in = mdot,out
3 Useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate of useful energy gain by the solar collector fluid:
Qu = mdot * Cp * (Tout - Tin)

4–450
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.2. Evacuated Tube Collector

4.11.2.1. Evacuated Tube Collector

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 71

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Evacuated Tube Collector\Type71.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement where the output of
the first collector is the inlet to the second collector.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 0.7
The collector efficiency equation can be written as a function of the inlet, average or outlet temperature.
Specify 1 if the collector efficiency parameters are given as a function of the inlet temperature
Specify 2 for a function of the collector average temperature
Specify 3 for a function of the collector outlet temperature
5 Flow rate at test conditions Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
Collector Flow rate per unit area for efficiency test conditions
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
This parameter is the y intercept of the collector efficiency curve versus the temperature difference / radiation
ratio
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the following eq:
Eff = a0 - a1 * (Tc-Tamb)/Rad. - a2 * (Tc-Tamb)^2 / Rad.
where Tc is the collector inlet, average or outlet temperature according to parameter 4
Negative of first order efficiency
7 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.8
coeficient
This parameter is the slope of the collector efficiency curve versus the temperature difference / radiation ratio
In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the following eq:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tc-Tamb)/Rad. - a2 * (Tc-Tamb)^2 /Rad.
Where Tc is the collector inlet, average or outlet temperature according to parameter 4
Negative of second order efficiency Temp. Dependent Loss
8 kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 integer [0.0;+Inf] 1
coeficient Coeff.
This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve versus the temperature difference / radiation ratio
In equation form, this parameter is a2 in the following eq:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tc-Tamb) /Rad.- a2 * (Tc-Tamb)^2/Rad
where Tc is the collector inlet, average or outlet temperature according to parameter 4
Logical unit of file containing biaxial
9 Dimensionless - integer [10;100] 1.526
IAM data
FORTRAN Logical unit for file containing biaxial IAM data Make sure that each logical unit specified in an
assembly is unique
10 Number of longitudinal angles for Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0

4–451
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

which IAMs are provided

Number of data points for the IAM (longitudinal direction)
Number of transverse angles for
11 Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 0
which IAMs are provided
Number of data points for the IAM (transverse direction)

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Incident diffuse radiation Flux W/m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The incident diffuse solar radiation in the plane of the collector, per unit area
6 Solar incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
Incidence angle of beam radiation on the collector's surface
7 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar zenith angle is the angle between the vertical and the line of sight of the sun
8 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.2
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection
of the line of sight of the sun onto the horizontal plane
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 20.0
The slope of the collector is the angle between the collector surface and the horizontal
0= horizontal
The angle is positive when facing towards the collector surface azimuth
As a general rule, the performance of the collector is somewhat optimiszed when the sollector slope is set to
the latitude
10 Collector azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
The collector surface azimuth is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the normal to the
surface onto the horizontal plane
0 = facing the equator
90 = facing West
180 = facing South in northern hemisphere, North in Southern hemisphere
270 = facing East

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the solar collector array.
2 Outlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of the fluid exiting the solar collecor array. In this model:
mdot,in = mdot,out
3 Useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate of useful energy gain by the solar collector fluid:
Qu = mdot * Cp * (Tout - Tin)

4–452
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
What file contains the 2D IAM data? Logical unit of file containing biaxial IAM data
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type71.for

4–453
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.3. Performance Map Collector

4.11.3.1. 2nd-Order Incidence Angle Modifiers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 72

Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\2nd-Order Incidence Angle

Proforma
Modifiers\Type72b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement where the outlet of
the first collector is the inlet of the second collector etc.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
5 Logical Unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 12
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the thermal performance data will be read. Make sure that each
logical unit number specified in the assembly is a unique number.
6 Number of DT/IT points Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
Number of DT/IT points (NDT):
The number of data points for collector efficiency vs. DT/IT that are to be considered for each value of wind
speed and radiation level provided.
7 Number of radiation curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
Number of radiation curves (NIT):
The number of collector efficiency vs. DT/IT curves for different levels of radiation.
8 Number of wind speed curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 1
Number of wind speed curves (NW):
How many values of windspeed are supplied in the external data file for which NIT vs. DT/IT curves are
provided.
9 Optical mode 2 Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the second-order ASHRAE incidence angle modifiers should be used.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 1st-order IAM Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
Collector tests are usually performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-absorptance
product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is corrected for non-
normal solar incidence by the use of a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - b0 * S - b1 * S^2
This parameter is b0 in the above equation.

4–454
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 2nd-order IAM Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.0

Collector tests are generally performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-
absorptance product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is
corrected for non-normal solar ncidence by a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - bo * S - b1 * S^2 where S = 1/cos(incidence angle) -1
This parameter is b1 in the above equation.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.
6 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
7 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
10 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface and the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

EXTERNAL FILES

4–455
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the thermal .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-
Logical Unit
performance map for this collector? PerformanceMapCollector-EfficiencyData.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type72.for

4–456
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.3.2. Biaxial Incidence Angle Modifiers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 72

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\Biaxial Incidence Angle Modifiers\Type72e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement where the outlet of
the first collector is the inlet of the second collector etc.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
5 Logical Unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 12
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the thermal performance data will be read. Make sure that each
logical unit number specified in the assembly is a unique number.
6 Number of DT/IT points Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
Number of DT/IT points (NDT):
The number of data points for collector efficiency vs. DT/IT that are to be considered for each value of wind
speed and radiation level provided.
7 Number of radiation curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
Number of radiation curves (NIT):
The number of collector efficiency vs. DT/IT curves for different levels of radiation.
8 Number of wind speed curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 1
Number of wind speed curves (NW):
How many values of windspeed are supplied in the external data file for which NIT vs. DT/IT curves are
provided.
9 Optical mode 5 Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 4
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the biaxial incidence angle modifier data is to be read from an external data file.
See the abstract for more details.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 11
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the biaxial incidence angle modifer data will be read. Make sure that
each logical unit specified in the assembly is a unique number.
11 Number of values Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5
How many values of incidence angle, with their associated biaxial modifier data, are contained in the external
data file? The number of angles must be between 2 and 10.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–457
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0

The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.
6 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
7 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
10 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface of the collector and
the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing azimuth; -90 = vertical facing away from azimuth (see radiation processor
for discussion of surface azimuth).
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.
11 Collector azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;360] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the thermal .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-
Logical Unit
performance data ? PerformanceMapCollector-EfficiencyData.dat
What is the name of the file containing the .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-
Logical unit
biaxial incidence angle modifier data? PerformanceMapCollector-IAMData-

4–458
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OpticalMode5.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type72.for

4–459
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.3.3. Cover and Absorber Properties

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 72

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\Cover and Absorber Properties\Type72d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement where the outlet of
the first collector is the inlet of the second collector etc.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
5 Logical Unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 12
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the thermal performance data will be read. Make sure that each
logical unit number specified in the assembly is a unique number.
6 Number of DT/IT points Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
Number of DT/IT points (NDT):
The number of data points for collector efficiency vs. DT/IT that are to be considered for each value of wind
speed and radiation level provided.
7 Number of radiation curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
Number of radiation curves (NIT):
The number of collector efficiency vs. DT/IT curves for different levels of radiation.
8 Number of wind speed curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 1
Number of wind speed curves (NW):
How many values of windspeed are supplied in the external data file for which NIT vs. DT/IT curves are
provided.
9 Optical mode 4 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 3
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the incidence angle modifiers are to be calculated from the collector properties using the TRNSYS utility
subroutine TALF (section 3.4.3 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set).
See the abstract for more details.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 Plate absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of the collector absorber plate. Since this quantity is a ratio of absorbed radiation to total
radiation; the value must be between 0 and 1. Typical values of plate absorptance can be found from:
Solar Enginnering of Thermal Processes, Duffie and Beckman, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1980.
11 No. of identical covers Dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the solar collector. The number of covers will be used to calculate the
transmittance-absorptance product using Fresnel's equation.
12 Index of refraction Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
Index of refraction of 1 glazing covering the solar collector.

4–460
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

13 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0026

The product of the extinction coefficient and cover thickness for 1 of the glazings covering the solar collector.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.
6 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
7 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
10 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface of the collector and
the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing azimuth; -90 = vertical facing away from azimuth (see radiation processor
for discussion of surface azimuth).
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the .
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter

4–461
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Which file contains the thermal .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-

Logical Unit
performance map for this collector? PerformanceMapCollector-EfficiencyData.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type72.for

4–462
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.3.4. Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 72

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)\Type72c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement where the outlet of
the first collector is the inlet of the second collector etc.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
5 Logical Unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 12
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the thermal performance data will be read. Make sure that each
logical unit number specified in the assembly is a unique number.
6 Number of DT/IT points Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 5
Number of DT/IT points (NDT):
The number of data points for collector efficiency vs. DT/IT that are to be considered for each value of wind
speed and radiation level provided.
7 Number of radiation curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 3
Number of radiation curves (NIT):
The number of collector efficiency vs. DT/IT curves for different levels of radiation.
8 Number of wind speed curves Dimensionless - integer [1;5] 1
Number of wind speed curves (NW):
How many values of windspeed are supplied in the external data file for which NIT vs. DT/IT curves are
provided.
9 Optical mode 3 Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 2
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the incidence angle modifiers are to be read from an external data file containing between 2 and 10 sets
of incidence angles and their corresponding modifiers. See the abstract for more details.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 Logical unit Dimensionless - real [30;999] 10
The logical unit through which the incidence angle modifier will be read. Make sure that each logical unit
specified in the assembly is a unique number.
11 No. of IAM's in file Dimensionless - real [2;10] 5
How many values of incidence angle, with their associated IAM's, are contained in the file to be read by the
collector subroutine? The number of incidence angles supplied must be between 2 and 10.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–463
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0

The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.
6 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
7 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
10 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface and the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the thermal .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-PerformanceMapCollector-
Logical Unit
performance data ? EfficiencyData.dat
Which file contains the incidence .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-PerformanceMapCollector-
Logical unit
angle modifier data ? IAMData-OpticalMode3.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type72.for

4–464
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.3.5. No Incidence Angle Modification

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 72

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\No Incidence Angle Modification\Type72a.tmf

4–465
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the thermal .\Examples\Data Files\Type72-
Logical Unit
performance map for this collector? PerformanceMapCollector-EfficiencyData.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type72.for

4–466
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.4. Quadratic Efficiency Collector

4.11.4.1. 2nd-Order Incidence Angle Modifiers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 1

Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\2nd-Order Incidence Angle

Proforma
Modifiers\Type1b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement (outlet of first
collector = inlet of second collector etc.). To account for a series arrangement, the efficiency parameters are
multiplied by a modifying function as decribed in equation 4.2.1.12 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation
set.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
Refer to pages 4.2.1-4 through 4.2.1-8 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
5 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan,
slope FrUl and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
7 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan,
slope of FrUl and curvature of FrUl/T. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs. (Tin-
Tamb)/It curve. In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It - a2*((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
8 Efficiency curvature Temp. Dependent Loss Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan, slope
FrUl, and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve. In equation form this
parameter is a2 of the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tin-Tamb)/It - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
If the plot of efficiency is a straight line, set this parameter to 0.0. Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the

4–467
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

TRNSYS documentation set for more details.

9 Optical mode 2 Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 1
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the second-order ASHRAE incidence angle modifiers should be used.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 1st-order IAM Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
Collector tests are usually performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-absorptance
product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is corrected for non-
normal solar incidence by the use of a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - b0 * S - b1 * S^2
This parameter is b0 in the above equation.
11 2nd-order IAM Dimensionless - real [-1.0;+1.0] 0.0
Collector tests are generally performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-
absorptance product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is
corrected for non-normal solar ncidence by a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - bo * S - b1 * S^2
where S = 1/cos(incidence angle) -1
This parameter is b1 in the above equation.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output of
the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
7 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to total
incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
8 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface and the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–468
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the fluid exiting the solar collector array.

2 Outlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of the fluid exiting the solar collecor array. In this model:
mdot,in = mdot,out
3 Useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate of useful energy gain by the solar collector fluid:
Qu = mdot * Cp * (Tout - Tin)

4–469
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.4.2. Biaxial Incidence Angle Modifiers

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 1

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\Biaxial Incidence Angle Modifiers\Type1e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement (outlet of first
collector = inlet of second collector etc.). To account for a series arrangement, the efficiency parameters are
multiplied by a modifying function as decribed in equation 4.2.1.12 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation
set.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
Refer to pages 4.2.1-4 through 4.2.1-8 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
5 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan,
slope FrUl and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
7 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan,
slope of FrUl and curvature of FrUl/T. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs. (Tin-
Tamb)/It curve. In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It - a2*((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
8 Efficiency curvature Temp. Dependent Loss Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan, slope
FrUl, and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve. In equation form this
parameter is a2 of the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tin-Tamb)/It - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
If the plot of efficiency is a straight line, set this parameter to 0.0. Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the
TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
9 Optical mode 5 Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 4
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the biaxial incidence angle modifier data is to be read from an external data file.
See the abstract for more details.

4–470
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This parameter should not be changed.

10 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 11
The FORTRAN logical unit through which the biaxial incidence angle modifer data will be read. Make sure that
each logical unit specified in the assembly is a unique number.
11 Number of values Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5
How many values of incidence angle, with their associated biaxial modifier data, are contained in the external
data file? The number of angles must be between 2 and 10.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
7 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
8 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface of the collector and
the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing azimuth; -90 = vertical facing away from azimuth (see radiation processor
for discussion of surface azimuth).
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.
10 Collector azimuth Direction (Angle) degrees real [-180;180] 0

4–471
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Associated
Question File
parameter
What is the name of the file containing the .\Examples\Data Files\Type1-
Logical unit
biaxial incidence angle modifier data? FlatPlateCollector-IAMData-OpticalMode5.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type1.for

4–472
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.4.3. Cover and Absorber Properties

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 1

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\Cover and Absorber Properties\Type1d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement (outlet of first
collector = inlet of second collector etc.). To account for a series arrangement, the efficiency parameters are
multiplied by a modifying function as decribed in equation 4.2.1.12 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation
set.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
Refer to pages 4.2.1-4 through 4.2.1-8 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
5 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan,
slope FrUl and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
7 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan,
slope of FrUl and curvature of FrUl/T. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs. (Tin-
Tamb)/It curve. In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It - a2*((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
Temp. Dependent Loss
8 Efficiency curvature kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
Coeff.
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan, slope
FrUl, and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve. In equation form this
parameter is a2 of the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tin-Tamb)/It - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
If the plot of efficiency is a straight line, set this parameter to 0.0. Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the
TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
9 Optical mode 4 Dimensionless - integer [4;4] 3
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the incidence angle modifiers are to be calculated from the collector properties using the TRNSYS utility

4–473
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

subroutine TALF (section 3.4.3 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set).

See the abstract for more details.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 Plate absorptance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
The absorptance of the collector absorber plate. Since this quantity is a ratio of absorbed radiation to total
radiation; the value must be between 0 and 1. Typical values of plate absorptance can be found from:
Solar Enginnering of Thermal Processes, Duffie and Beckman, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1980.
11 No. of identical covers Dimensionless - real [1;+Inf] 1
The number of identical glass covers on the solar collector. The number of covers will be used to calculate the
transmittance-absorptance product using Fresnel's equation.
12 Index of refraction Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.526
Index of refraction of 1 glazing covering the solar collector.
13 Extinction Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0026
The product of the extinction coefficient and cover thickness for 1 of the glazings covering the solar collector.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is commonly hooked to the "total
radiation on horizontal" output of a Type16 radiation processor.
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the "diffuse radiation on the horizontal"
output of a TYPE 16 solar radiation processor.
7 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to total
incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
8 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface of the collector and
the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing azimuth; -90 = vertical facing away from azimuth (see radiation processor for
discussion of surface azimuth).
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Outlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the solar collector array.

4–474
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

2 Outlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0

The flowrate of the fluid exiting the solar collecor array. In this model:
mdot,in = mdot,out
3 Useful energy gain Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The rate of useful energy gain by the solar collector fluid:
Qu = mdot * Cp * (Tout - Tin)

4–475
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.4.4. Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 1

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)\Type1c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This
parameter is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement (outlet of first
collector = inlet of second collector etc.). To account for a series arrangement, the efficiency parameters are
multiplied by a modifying function as decribed in equation 4.2.1.12 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation
set.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross
area and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
Refer to pages 4.2.1-4 through 4.2.1-8 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
5 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan,
slope FrUl and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
7 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan,
slope of FrUl and curvature of FrUl/T. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs. (Tin-
Tamb)/It curve. In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It - a2*((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
8 Efficiency curvature Temp. Dependent Loss Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan, slope
FrUl, and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve. In equation form this
parameter is a2 of the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tin-Tamb)/It - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
If the plot of efficiency is a straight line, set this parameter to 0.0. Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the
TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
9 Optical mode 3 Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 2
The solar collector model can modify the efficiency parameters by 1 of 4 methods. This parameter specifies
that the incidence angle modifiers are to be read from an external data file containing between 2 and 10 sets

4–476
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of incidence angles and their corresponding modifiers. See the abstract for more details.
This parameter should not be changed.
10 Logical unit Dimensionless - real [30;999] 10
The logical unit through which the incidence angle modifier data will be read. Make sure that each logical unit
specified in the assembly is unique.
11 No. of IAM's in file Dimensionless - real [2;10] 5
How many values of incidence angle, with their associated IAM's, are contained in the file to be read by the
collector subroutine? The number of incidence angles supplied must be between 2 and 10.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output of
the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
6 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
7 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to total
incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
8 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
Angle of incidence of beam radiation on surface.
9 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.
The slope of the collector surface. The slope is defined as the angle between the surface and the horizontal.
0 = Horizontal
Slope is positive when surface is tilted in the direction of the surface azimuth.
As a general rule, performance is somewhat optimized when the collector slope is set to the latitude.

EXTERNAL FILES

4–477
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Associated
Question File
parameter
Which file contains the incidence .\Examples\Data Files\Type1-FlatPlateCollector-
Logical unit
angle modifier data? IAMData-OpticalMode3.dat
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type1.for

4–478
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.4.5. No Incidence Angle Modification

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 1

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\No Incidence Angle Modification\Type1a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number in series Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 1
The solar collector model can simulate an array of identical solar collectors hooked up in series. This parameter
is used to specify how many collectors are hooked up in a series arrangement (outlet of first collector = inlet of
second collector etc.). To account for a series arrangement, the efficiency parameters are multiplied by a
modifying function as decribed in equation 4.2.1.12 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
2 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross area
and not net area).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the solar collector array.
4 Efficiency mode Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The solar collector efficiency equation can be written as either a function of the collector inlet temperature, the
collector outlet temperaure, or the collector average temperature. If the efficiency parameters are given as a
function of the inlet temperature; specify 1. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the average
temperature; specify 2. If the efficiency parameters are given as a function of the outlet temperature, specify 3.
Refer to pages 4.2.1-4 through 4.2.1-8 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set.
5 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
6 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan,
slope FrUl and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
7 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan,
slope of FrUl and curvature of FrUl/T. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It
curve. In equation form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It - a2*((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
8 Efficiency curvature Temp. Dependent Loss Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan, slope
FrUl, and curvature FrUl/T. This parameter is the curvature of the efficiency curve. In equation form this
parameter is a2 of the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1 * (Tin-Tamb)/It - a2 * ((Tin-Tamb)^2)/It
If the plot of efficiency is a straight line, set this parameter to 0.0. Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the
TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
9 Optical Mode 1 Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter specifies that no incidence angle modification should be used.
Do not change this parameter.

INPUTS

4–479
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the the solar collector.
2 Inlet flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of the fluid entering the solar collector.
3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.

4–480
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.5. Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector

4.11.5.1. Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 73

Proforma Solar Thermal Collectors\Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector\Type73.tmf

4–481
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0

The temperature of the environment in which the solar collector is located. This temperature will be used for
loss calculations.
4 Incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.
The total (beam + diffuse) radiation incident on the plane of the solar collector per unit area.
This input is commonly hooked up to the TYPE 16 "total radiation on surface 1" output.
5 Windspeed Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The speed of the wind flowing across the solar collector array.
6 Horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total radiation incident upon a horizontal surface. Includes beam radiation, sky diffuse radiation, and
ground reflected diffuse radiation.
7 Horizontal diffuse Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface.
8 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is located. The ground reflectance is defined as
the ratio of reflected radiation to total incident radiation. Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered by snow
and 0.7 for snow-covered ground.
9 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 20.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation on the collector surface.
10 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
The angle between the plane of the collector surface and the horizontal. The slope is positive when facing the
direction of the surface azimuth.
0 = Horizontal; 90 = Vertical facing Azimuth
As a general rule, the performance is somewhat optimized when the slope is set equal to the latitude.

4–482
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.6. Thermosyphon Collector with Integral Storage

4.11.6.1. External File for Head vs. Flowrate

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 45

Solar Thermal Collectors\Thermosyphon Collector with Integral Storage\External File for Head vs.
Proforma
Flowrate\Type45.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross area
and not net area).
2 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan
and slope FrUl. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
3 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan and
slope of FrUl. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs.(Tin-Tamb)/It curve. In equation
form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
4 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
Incidence angle modifier
5 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
constant
Collector tests are usually performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-absorptance
product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is corrected for non-
normal solar incidence by the use of a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - b0 * S (See manual for further information on equation)
6 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
The slope of the solar collector. The slope is measured from the horizontal and is considered positive when
tilted toward the surface azimuth.
7 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 22
The logical unit number of the file which contains the collector head vs. flowrate data (head is in meters of
water). Every external file that TRNSYS reads from or writes to must be assigned a unique logical unit number
in the TRNSYS input file.
8 Number of data points Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5
The number of data points of collector head vs. flowrate that are contained in the external data file.
9 Riser diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diamter of the collector risers.
10 Header diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2

4–483
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The diameter of the collector headers.

11 Header length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector headers.
12 Number of collector nodes Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5
The number of equal sized nodes that the collector will be divided into for the thermal head calculations.
Collector inlet to outlet
13 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
distance
The vertical distance between the collector inlet and the collector outlet.
Collector inlet to tank outlet
14 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
distance
The vertical distance between the outlet of the tank and the inlet of the collector.
15 Collector inlet diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diameter of the inlet pipe of the collector.
16 Length of collector inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector inlet pipe.
17 Number of inlet bends Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 4.0
The number of equivalent right-angle bends in the collector inlet pipe.
18 Inlet pipe loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The loss coefficient of the collector inlet pipe plus insulation.
19 Collector outlet diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diameter of the collector outlet pipe.
20 Length of collector outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector outlet piping.
21 Number of outlet bends Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The number of equivalent right-angle bends in the collector outlet piping.
22 Outlet pipe loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The loss coefficient of the collector outlet piping plus insulation.
23 Inlet position mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 1 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in a fixed location and the flow mixes with
adjacent segments if the temperature is within 1/2 degree. In Mode 2, the tank has variable inlet positions and
new segments are inserted at the levels which produce no temperature inversions. This allows for a maximum
degree of stratification.
24 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
25 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.2
The height of the storage tank if vertical, or the diameter of the storage tank if horizontal.
26 Height of collector return Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The vertical distance between the bottom of the storage tank and the inlet of the hot-side flow stream.
27 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
28 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
29 Thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The effective thermal conductivity of the fluid and the walls of the thermal storage tank (0 = no conduction).
30 Tank configuration Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The configuration of the thermal storage tank:
1 ---> Vertical cylinder ; 2 ---> Horizontal cylinder

4–484
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

31 Overall Loss Coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for the storage tank.
32 Insulation ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The ratio of the thickness of the top insulation to the side insulation for vertical tanks, or the ratio of the
insulation thickness of the top insulation to the bottom insulation of a horizontal cylindrical tank (set this ratio to
1 if the tank has a concentric insulation jacket).
33 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 30.0
The initial temperature of the preheat portion of the thermal storage tank.
34 Maximum heating rate Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
The maximum rate at which energy can be added to the thermal storage tank from the auxiliary heating
element. If there is no element present in the tank, set this parameter to 0.
35 Auxiliary height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The height of the auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank.
36 Thermostat height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The height of the thermostat for the auxiliary heater above the bottom of the storage tank.
37 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
The set point temperature for the auxiliary heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = temperature deadband
38 Temperature deadband Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the auxiliary heating element.
The thermostat will enable the heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the
thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
(See manual for further information on equation)
39 Flue loss coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for heat loss to the flue when the auxiliary heater is off. This parameter is
used to model gas heated storage tanks and should be set to zero if there is no flue.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Total incident radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total (beam + sky diffuse + ground reflected diffuse) radiation incident on the solar collector per unit area.
2 Total horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The total horizontal radiation (beam + diffuse) per unit area. This input is typically hooked to the fourth output
of the TYPE 16 radiation processor.
3 Horizontal diffuse radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The horizontal diffuse radiation. This input is typically hooked up to the fifth output of the TYPE 16 solar
radiation processor.
4 Incidence angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;360.0] 45.0
The angle of incidence of beam radiation on the collector surface.
5 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the surface above which the solar collector is positioned. Typical values are 0.2 for ground
not covered by snow and 0.7 for snow-covered ground. The reflectance is the ratio of refelcted radiation to
total incident radiation and therefore must be between 0 and 1.
6 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the environment to which the solar collector is exposed.
7 Replacement temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0

4–485
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank.
8 Load flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank. An equal amount of fluid is
assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
9 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
10 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will be this
input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the simulation,
set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature to tank Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the storage tank from the collector.
2 Useful energy from collector Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer to the collector fluid in the collector (does not include pipe heat losses).
3 Temperature to collector Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the bottom of the storage tank and returning to the collector (the
bottom node temperature).
4 Flowrate to collector Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the bottom of the storage tank to return to the collector.
5 Temperature to load Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the top of the storage tank to the load (the temperature of the top
node).
6 Flowrate to load Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the tank at the top to meet the load.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment.
8 Energy rate to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the tank to supply the load.
The energy rate to the load is calculated by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
9 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
10 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy was added to the thermal storage tank by the auxiliary heater.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank.
The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the head vs. flowrate data? Logical unit

4–486
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type45.for

4–487
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.11.6.2. Head vs Flowrate Calculated Internally

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 45

Solar Thermal Collectors\Thermosyphon Collector with Integral Storage\Head vs Flowrate Calculated

Proforma
Internally\Type45a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Collector area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The area of the solar collector array consistent with the supplied efficiency parameters (typically gross area
and not net area).
2 Intercept efficiency Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.7
ASHRAE collector tests are often presented as curves of efficiciency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept FrTan
and slope FrUl. This parameter is the y-intercept of the collector efficiency vs. the temperaure
difference/radiation ratio curve (FrTan).
In equation form, this parameter is a0 in the collector efficiency equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/Radiation
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
3 Efficiency slope Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 15
ASHRAE collector tests are ofetn presented as plots of efficiency vs. (Tin-Tamb)/It with intercept of FrTan and
slope of FrUl. This parameter is the slope of the slope of the efficiency vs.(Tin-Tamb)/It curve. In equation
form, this parameter is a1 in the equation:
Eff. = a0 - a1*(Tin-Tamb)/It
Refer to page 4.2.1-4 of Volume 1 of the TRNSYS documentation set for more details.
4 Tested flow rate Flow/area kg/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 50.0
The flow rate per unit area at which the collector was tested in order to determine the collector efficiency
parameters. If no test was performed to get the efficiency parameters, set the tested flow rate equal to the flow
rate under current operating conditions.
Incidence angle modifier
5 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.1
constant
Collector tests are usually performed on clear days at normal incidence so that the transmittance-absorptance
product is nearly the normal incidence value for beam radiation. The intercept efficiency is corrected for non-
normal solar incidence by the use of a modifying factor of the form:
Modifier = 1 - b0 * S (See manual for further information on equation)
6 Collector slope Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 45.0
The slope of the solar collector. The slope is measured from the horizontal and is considered positive when
tilted toward the surface azimuth.
Internal pressure drop
7 Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
calculation
By being less than 0, this parameter indicates to the component subroutine that the presure drop should be
calculated internally. Do not change this parameter.
Number of parallel collector
8 Dimensionless - integer [2;10] 5
risers
The number of parallel collector risers; used for flow vs head calculations.
9 Riser diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diamter of the collector risers.
10 Header diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diameter of the collector headers.
11 Header length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector headers.

4–488
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Number of collector nodes Dimensionless - integer [1;+Inf] 5

The number of equal sized nodes that the collector will be divided into for the thermal head calculations.
Collector inlet to outlet
13 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
distance
The vertical distance between the collector inlet and the collector outlet.
Collector inlet to tank outlet
14 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
distance
The vertical distance between the outlet of the tank and the inlet of the collector.
15 Collector inlet diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diameter of the inlet pipe of the collector.
16 Length of collector inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector inlet pipe.
17 Number of inlet bends Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 4.0
The number of equivalent right-angle bends in the collector inlet pipe.
18 Inlet pipe loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The loss coefficient of the collector inlet pipe plus insulation.
19 Collector outlet diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.2
The diameter of the collector outlet pipe.
20 Length of collector outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of the collector outlet piping.
21 Number of outlet bends Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The number of equivalent right-angle bends in the collector outlet piping.
22 Outlet pipe loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The loss coefficient of the collector outlet piping plus insulation.
23 Inlet position mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 1 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in a fixed location and the flow mixes with
adjacent segments if the temperature is within 1/2 degree. In Mode 2, the tank has variable inlet positions and
new segments are inserted at the levels which produce no temperature inversions. This allows for a maximum
degree of stratification.
24 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
25 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.2
The height of the storage tank if vertical, or the diameter of the storage tank if horizontal.
26 Height of collector return Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The vertical distance between the bottom of the storage tank and the inlet of the hot-side flow stream.
27 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
28 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
29 Thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The effective thermal conductivity of the fluid and the walls of the thermal storage tank (0 = no conduction).
30 Tank configuration Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The configuration of the thermal storage tank:
1 ---> Vertical cylinder ; 2 ---> Horizontal cylinder
31 Overall Loss Coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for the storage tank.
32 Insulation ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0

4–489
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The ratio of the thickness of the top insulation to the side insulation for vertical tanks, or the ratio of the
insulation thickness of the top insulation to the bottom insulation of a horizontal cylindrical tank (set this ratio to
1 if the tank has a concentric insulation jacket).
33 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 30.0
The initial temperature of the preheat portion of the thermal storage tank.
34 Maximum heating rate Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
The maximum rate at which energy can be added to the thermal storage tank from the auxiliary heating
element. If there is no element present in the tank, set this parameter to 0.
35 Auxiliary height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The height of the auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank.
36 Thermostat height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The height of the thermostat for the auxiliary heater above the bottom of the storage tank.
37 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
The set point temperature for the auxiliary heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = temperature deadband
38 Temperature deadband Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the auxiliary heating element.
The thermostat will enable the heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the
thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
(See manual for further information on equation)
39 Flue loss coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for heat loss to the flue when the auxiliary heater is off. This parameter is
used to model gas heated storage tanks and should be set to zero if there is no flue.

4–490
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
9 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
10 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will be this
input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the simulation,
set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

4–491
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12. Thermal Storage

4.12.1. Detailed Fluid Storage Tank

4.12.1.1. Horizontal Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights

- 1 Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\1

Proforma
Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60m.tmf

4–492
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.
14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below: Tset - Tdb and continue to
heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature. Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below: Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature. Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb
= this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below: Tset - Tdb and continue to

4–493
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature. Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below: Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb
= this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water
2=Propylene Glycol
3=Ethylene Glycol
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
Heat exchanger inside
35 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
diameter

4–494
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a
smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).
Total surface area of heat
38 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
exchanger
The total outside surface area of the internal heat exchanger.
Fins per meter for heat
39 Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 100
exchanger
The number of fins per unit length (meter) on the outside surface of the internal heat exchanger pipe. This
parameter is ignored for smooth tubes.
40 Heat exchanger length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total length of internal heat exchanger pipe immersed within the storage tank fluid.
Heat exchanger wall
41 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The conductivity of the heat exchanger wall including any applicable contact resistance. Contact resistance
would be present with a double wall heat exchanger where the heat exchaanger is a tube within a tube design.
Heat exchanger material
42 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the material which comprises the internal heat exchanger.
43 Height of heat exchanger inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.00
The height above the bottom of the storage tank of the inlet of the internal heat exchanger.
Height of heat exchanger
44 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
outlet
The height of the outlet of the internal heat exchanger from the tank above the bottom of the storage tank.
45 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The height of the specified node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied to
the model.
Additional loss coefficient for
46 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.00
node
The additional loss coefficient for the specified node. The total loss coefficient for each node will be the
average loss coefficient (specified much earlier) plus this incremental loss coefficient. Incremental loss
coefficients are typically used when one section of the tank is more heavily insulated than other sections or to
account for thermal shorts due to pipes and fittings.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–495
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Not used (flow outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank moel that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal
heat exchanger wall is modeled with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
A typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal
heat exchanger wall is modeled with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
A typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–496
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Not used (outlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0

This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Not used (temp flow 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (pressure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.

4–497
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 48
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–498
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.2. Horizontal Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights

- 1 Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\1

Proforma
Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60p.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–499
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Hight of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–500
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water
2=Propylene Glycol
3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
36 Heat exchanger outside Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

4–501
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a
smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).
Total surface area of heat
38 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
exchanger
The total outside surface area of the internal heat exchanger.
Fins per meter for heat
39 Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 100
exchanger
The number of fins per unit length (meter) on the outside surface of the internal heat exchanger pipe. This
parameter is ignored for smooth tubes.
40 Heat exchanger length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total length of internal heat exchanger pipe immersed within the storage tank fluid.
Heat exchanger wall
41 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The conductivity of the heat exchanger wall including any applicable contact resistance. Contact resistance
would be present with a double wall heat exchanger where the heat exchaanger is a tube within a tube design.
Heat exchanger material
42 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the material which comprises the internal heat exchanger.
43 Height of heat exchanger inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.00
The height above the bottom of the storage tank of the inlet of the internal heat exchanger.
44 Height of heat exchanger outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the outlet of the internal heat exchanger from the tank above the bottom of the storage tank.
45 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The height of the specified node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied to
the model.
Additional loss coefficient for
46 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.00
node
The additional loss coefficient for the specified node. The total loss coefficient for each node will be the
average loss coefficient (specified much earlier) plus this incremental loss coefficient. Incremental loss
coefficients are typically used when one section of the tank is more heavily insulated than other sections or to
account for thermal shorts due to pipes and fittings.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–502
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1

This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal
heat exchanger wall is modeled with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–503
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.

5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.

4–504
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0

The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–505
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.3. Horizontal Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights

- 2 Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\2

Proforma
Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60o.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–506
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–507
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–508
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a
smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).
Total surface area of heat
38 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
exchanger
The total outside surface area of the internal heat exchanger.
Fins per meter for heat
39 Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 100
exchanger
The number of fins per unit length (meter) on the outside surface of the internal heat exchanger pipe. This
parameter is ignored for smooth tubes.
40 Heat exchanger length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total length of internal heat exchanger pipe immersed within the storage tank fluid.
Heat exchanger wall
41 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The conductivity of the heat exchanger wall including any applicable contact resistance. Contact resistance
would be present with a double wall heat exchanger where the heat exchaanger is a tube within a tube design.
Heat exchanger material
42 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the material which comprises the internal heat exchanger.
43 Height of heat exchanger inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.00
The height above the bottom of the storage tank of the inlet of the internal heat exchanger.
44 Height of heat exchanger outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the outlet of the internal heat exchanger from the tank above the bottom of the storage tank.
45 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The height of the specified node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied to
the model.
Additional loss coefficient for
46 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.00
node
The additional loss coefficient for the specified node. The total loss coefficient for each node will be the
average loss coefficient (specified much earlier) plus this incremental loss coefficient. Incremental loss
coefficients are typically used when one section of the tank is more heavily insulated than other sections or to
account for thermal shorts due to pipes and fittings.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–509
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1

This input must be set to a constant value of -1 to inform the general storage tank model that there is only one
outlet from the tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal
heat exchanger wall is modeled with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–510
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the
vented energy if a boiling condition is reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.

4–511
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–512
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.4. Horizontal Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights

- 2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\2

Proforma
Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60n.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–513
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–514
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–515
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–516
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2

The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–517
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.

4–518
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–519
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.5. Horizontal Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 1 Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\1
Proforma
Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60l.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–520
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–521
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that all the temperature nodes should have the
identical size . The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the user will not be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank (uniform losses from the tank is the results).
The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–522
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Not used (flow outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank moel that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will

4–523
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–524
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (pressure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
22-26 Number of internal heat 1 50

4–525
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–526
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.6. Horizontal Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 1 Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\1
Proforma
Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60i.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–527
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–528
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that each node in the storagetank should have an
identical loss coefficient. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not
change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–529
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0

4–530
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–531
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
22-26 Number of internal heat 1 50

4–532
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–533
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.7. Horizontal Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 2 Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\2
Proforma
Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60j.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–534
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–535
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–536
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
4 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input must be set to a constant value of -1 to inform the general storage tank model that there is only one
outlet from the tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the

4–537
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or

set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Flowrate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank through inlet 2.
4 Not used in this mode Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output is not available in this mode.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Not used (temp at outlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–538
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
29-29 Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other 1 13

4–539
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–540
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.8. Horizontal Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Horizontal Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\2
Proforma
Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60k.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Horizontal cylinder Length m integer [-2;-2] -2
By setting this parameter to -2, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a horizontal orientation
(laying on its side).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–541
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–542
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of the
same size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the tank will have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–543
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will

4–544
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Flowrate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank through inlet 2.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–545
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
29-29 Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other 1 13

4–546
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–547
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.9. Uniform Cross Section - Non-Uniform Losses and

Heights - 1 Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Non-Uniform Losses and

Proforma
Heights\1 Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60u.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–548
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb

4–549
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

4–550
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–551
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Not used (flow outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1

This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank moel that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–552
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (pressure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.

4–553
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–554
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.10. Uniform Cross Section - Non-Uniform Losses and

Heights - 1 Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Non-Uniform Losses and

Proforma
Heights\1 Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60x.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–555
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–556
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–557
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–558
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2

The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or
set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–559
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.

4–560
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–561
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.11. Uniform Cross Section - Non-Uniform Losses and

Heights - 2 Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Non-Uniform Losses and

Proforma
Heights\2 Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60w.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–562
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–563
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–564
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–565
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

This input must be set to a constant value of -1 to inform the general storage tank model that there is only one
outlet from the tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–566
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.

4–567
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–568
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.12. Uniform Cross Section - Non-Uniform Losses and

Heights - 2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Non-Uniform Losses and

Proforma
Heights\2 Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60v.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–569
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–570
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–571
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–572
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–573
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.

4–574
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–575
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.13. Uniform Cross Section - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 1 Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Uniform Losses and Node
Proforma
Heights\1 Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60t.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–576
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–577
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that all the temperature nodes should have the
identical size . The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the user will not be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank (uniform losses from the tank is the results).
The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

4–578
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–579
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Not used (inlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
4 Not used (outlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Not used (temp flow 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.

4–580
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (pressure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

4–581
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–582
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.14. Uniform Cross Section - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 1 Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Uniform Losses and Node
Proforma
Heights\1 Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60q.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–583
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–584
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that each node in the storagetank should have an
identical loss coefficient. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not
change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a

4–585
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the

4–586
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Not used (inlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.

4–587
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

4–588
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–589
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.15. Uniform Cross Section - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 2 Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Uniform Losses and Node
Proforma
Heights\2 Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60r.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–590
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height ofheating element 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m integer [1;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb

4–591
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a

4–592
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
4 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input must be set to a constant value of -1 to inform the general storage tank model that there is only one
outlet from the tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0

4–593
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–594
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES

4–595
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–596
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.16. Uniform Cross Section - Uniform Losses and Node

Heights - 2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Uniform Cross Section\Uniform Losses and Node
Proforma
Heights\2 Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60s.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The perimeter length for the uniform cross-section tank.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area
of the fluid in the storage tank.

4–597
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0

4–598
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of the
same size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the tank will have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

4–599
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–600
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Flowrate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank through inlet 2.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.

4–601
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

4–602
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–603
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.17. Vertical Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights - 1

Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\1

Proforma
Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–604
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of heating element 2 above the tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of 2nd thermostat above the tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–605
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Node heights supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the user will be supplying the height of all the
nodes in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not
change this parameter.
32 Additional loss coeff's supplied Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the user will be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank. The number of nodes is controlled by the
number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a

4–606
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).
Total surface area of heat
38 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
exchanger
The total outside surface area of the internal heat exchanger.
Fins per meter for heat
39 Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 100
exchanger
The number of fins per unit length (meter) on the outside surface of the internal heat exchanger pipe. This
parameter is ignored for smooth tubes.
40 Heat exchanger length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total length of internal heat exchanger pipe immersed within the storage tank fluid.
Heat exchanger wall
41 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The conductivity of the heat exchanger wall including any applicable contact resistance. Contact resistance
would be present with a double wall heat exchanger where the heat exchaanger is a tube within a tube design.
Heat exchanger material
42 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the material which comprises the internal heat exchanger.
43 Height of heat exchanger inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.00
The height above the bottom of the storage tank of the inlet of the internal heat exchanger.
44 Height of heat exchanger outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the outlet of the internal heat exchanger from the tank above the bottom of the storage tank.
45 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.25
The height of the specified node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied to
the model.
Additional loss coefficient for
46 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.00
node
The additional loss coefficient for the specified node. The total loss coefficient for each node will be the
average loss coefficient (specified much earlier) plus this incremental loss coefficient. Incremental loss
coefficients are typically used when one section of the tank is more heavily insulated than other sections or to
account for thermal shorts due to pipes and fittings.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–607
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–608
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (pressure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.

4–609
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–610
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.18. Vertical Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights - 1

Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\1

Proforma
Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculatethis parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–611
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of heating element 2 above the tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of thermostat 2 above the tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–612
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

4–613
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–614
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–615
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.

4–616
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–617
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.19. Vertical Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights - 2

Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\2

Proforma
Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–618
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of heating element 2 above tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of thermostat 2 above the tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–619
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

4–620
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–621
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

outlet from the tank.

5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–622
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Not used (pressure outlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.

4–623
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–624
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.20. Vertical Cylinder - Non-Uniform Losses and Heights - 2

Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Non-Uniform Losses and Heights\2

Proforma
Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–625
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of heating element 2 above tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of thermostat 2 above tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–626
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

4–627
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
33-44 1 50
exchangers
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used
45-46 1 50
in the tank?

4–628
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–629
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.

4–630
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–631
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.21. Vertical Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node Heights -

1 Inlet, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\1
Proforma
Inlet, 1 Outlet\Type60d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from this tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–632
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of 2nd aux. heater above the tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of 2nd thermostat above the tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–633
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that all the temperature nodes should have the
identical size . The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the user will not be specifying the value of the
incremental loss coefficients for each node in the storage tank (uniform losses from the tank is the results).
The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a

4–634
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–635
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0

The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Not used (inlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
4 Not used (outlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Not used (temp flow 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this model of the storage tank model.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Not used (energy outlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–636
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

4–637
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–638
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.22. Vertical Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node Heights -

1 Inlet, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\1
Proforma
Inlet, 2 Outlets\Type60a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Not used (inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter must be set to -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only one inlet to
this tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–639
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of 2nd aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of second aux heater above the tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of the second thermostat above the tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–640
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that each node in the storagetank should have an
identical loss coefficient. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not
change this parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a
smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).

4–641
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total surface area of heat

38 Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
exchanger
The total outside surface area of the internal heat exchanger.
Fins per meter for heat
39 Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 100
exchanger
The number of fins per unit length (meter) on the outside surface of the internal heat exchanger pipe. This
parameter is ignored for smooth tubes.
40 Heat exchanger length Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 2.0
The total length of internal heat exchanger pipe immersed within the storage tank fluid.
Heat exchanger wall
41 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The conductivity of the heat exchanger wall including any applicable contact resistance. Contact resistance
would be present with a double wall heat exchanger where the heat exchaanger is a tube within a tube design.
Heat exchanger material
42 Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the material which comprises the internal heat exchanger.
43 Height of heat exchanger inlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.00
The height above the bottom of the storage tank of the inlet of the internal heat exchanger.
44 Height of heat exchanger outlet Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the outlet of the internal heat exchanger from the tank above the bottom of the storage tank.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Not used (flow inlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input should be set to a constant value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that the tank
has only 1 inlet.
4 Flow rate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting ths storage tank from the second outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be set
to a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance on the
constant volume storage tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Not used (temp inlet 2) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This input is not used in this mode of the storage tank model.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

4–642
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0

The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Not used (inlet 2 flow) Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Not used (energy inlet 2) Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tank model.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–643
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Not used (presure inlet 2) Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
This output should not be used in this mode of the storage tnk model.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

4–644
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–645
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.23. Vertical Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node Heights -

2 Inlets, 1 Outlet

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\2
Proforma
Inlets, 1 Outlet\Type60b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Not Used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This parameter should be set to a value of -1 to indicate to the general storage tank model that there is only
one outlet from the tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–646
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of 2nd aux heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of 2nd aux. heting element above the tank bottom
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of second thermostat above tank bottom
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–647
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal node sizes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of equal
size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model that the tank should have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
The diameter of the fins on the outside pipe surface of the internal heat exchanger. If there are no fins (a
smooth tube), set this parameter equal to the previous parameter (heat exchanger outside diameter).

4–648
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Total surface area of heat

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flow rate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
2 Flow rate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] -2
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank from the first outlet. One of the outlet flow rates MUST be
specified as a constant value of -2 to indicate that the outlet flow rate will be determined from a mass balance
on the constant volume storage tank.
3 Flow rate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [-2;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
4 Not used (outlet 2) Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
This input must be set to a constant value of -1 to inform the general storage tank model that there is only one
outlet from the tank.
5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will

4–649
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–650
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other
29-29 1 13
nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

4–651
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–652
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.24. Vertical Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node Heights -

2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\2
Proforma
Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–653
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of heating element 2 Length m real [0.0;15] 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
22 Height of thermostat 2 Length m real [0.0;15] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–654
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
25 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Overall loss coefficient for gas
26 Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
flue
The overall loss coefficient of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. If this tank is not being heated by
gas, simply set this parameter to 0.0 and the next parameter (flue temperature) to any reasonable value.
27 Flue temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the gas flue when the tank is not being heated. This parameter is used tto calculate the
losses from the storage to the flue when the tank is not being heated. If the tank is not heated witth gas, simply
set this parameter to any reasonable value and set the previous parameter (flue loss coefficient) to 0.
28 Fraction of critical timestep Dimensionless - integer [1;1000] 6
To minimize numerical errors, the TYPE 60 tank model uses its own internal time step. This has the
advantage of results being unaffected by the size of the TRNSYS time step. The model internally computes
the critical Euler time step. The user then chooses the fraction of the critical time step that will be used.
Increasing this parameter will increase the accuracy of the model, but decrease the simulation speed. A value
of 6 represents an excellent compromise between accuracy and speed for most simulations.
29 Gas heater? Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 1
This parameter indicates to the general storage tank model whether the tank is heated with electric elements,
with a gas flue, or with a combination of gas and electric.
0 = Both heater are electric
1 = Auxiliary heater #2 is gas (setting the maximum heating rate of the first heating element to zero or non-
zero dictates whether the tank also has an electric element).
Number of internal heat
30 Dimensionless - integer [0;3] 1
exchangers
The number of internal heat exchangers that are contained within the storage tank. For each internal heat
exchanger, the user must specify 12 parameters that describe the heat exchanger.
31 Equal sized nodes Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storage taank model that the tank should be divided into nodes of the
same size. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of derivatives supplied. Do not change this
parameter.
32 Uniform tank losses Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
This parameter indicates to the general storagee tank model that the tank will have uniform loss coefficients
for each node. The number of nodes is controlled by the number of supplied derivatives. Do not change this
parameter.
33 HX Fluid Indicator Dimensionless - integer [1;3] 1
The fluid contained in the first internal heat exchanger:
1=Water ; 2=Propylene Glycol ; 3=Ethylene Glycol
These fluids are contained in the internal heat exchanger and are not mixed with the storage fluid.
34 Fraction of glycol Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.75
The fraction of glycol contained in the internal heat exchanger fluid by volume. If the previous parameter is set
to 1 (water), this parameter is ignored. If the previous parameter is set to propylene glycol (2), this parameter
may range from 0 to 1. If the previous parameter indicates ethylene glycol (3), this parameter may range from
0.55 to 0.85.
35 Heat exchanger inside diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.01
The inside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger outside
36 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012
diameter
The outside diameter of the pipe comprising the internal heat exchanger.

4–655
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

37 Heat exchanger fin diameter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.012

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
33-44 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

4–656
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
10 Flow rate for heat exchanger Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flow rate through the specified internal heat exchanger.
11 Inlet temperature for heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature at the inlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
12 Nusselt constant for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 0.50
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.
13 Nusselt exponent for heat exchanger Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.25
The natural convection coefficient between the storage fluid and the internal heat exchanger wall is modeled
with an equation of the form:
h = Nu * k / do ; Nu = C * Ra^n (See mathematical reference for details)
Typical value for C is about 0.5 and n is usually 0.25.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
10-13 Number of internal heat exchangers 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Flowrate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank through inlet 2.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–657
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Energy input from heat exchanger Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank from the specified internal heat exchanger.
23 Temperature of fluid exiting heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the specified internal heat exchanger.
Tank temperature at outlet of heat
24 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
exchanger
The temperature of the storage tank at the outlet of the specified internal heat exchanger.
25 LMTD of heat exchanger Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average log mean temperature difference of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
26 UA of heat exchanger Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The average overall heat transfer coefficient of the specified internal heat exchanger over the timestep.
27 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
28 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
29 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable
Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
Indices
Number of internal heat
22-26 1 50
exchangers
29-29 Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other 1 13

4–658
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

nodes are there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–659
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.1.25. Vertical Cylinder - Uniform Losses and Node Heights -

2 Inlets, 2 Outlets

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 60

Thermal Storage\Detailed Fluid Storage Tank\Vertical Cylinder\Uniform Losses and Node Heights\2
Proforma
Inlets, 2 Outlets\Type60cNoHeat.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. In this mode (2), the user must specify the locations (nodes) of the entering flow streams.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the storage tank. If the tank is a horizontal cylinder, this parameter should be set to the diameter
of the storage tank.
4 Tank perimeter Length m integer [-1;-1] -1
By setting this parameter to -1, the user is specifying that the tank is cylindrical with a vertical orientation
(standing up).
Do not change this parameter.
5 Height of flow inlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the first inlet above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is between 0 and the total
height of the tank.
6 Height of flow outlet 1 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the first outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the tank.
7 Height of flow inlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The height of the second inlet to the staorage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
8 Height of flow outlet 2 Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the 2nd outlet from the storage tank above the bottom of the tank. Make sure that this value is
between 0 and the total height of the storage tank.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. Different loss coefficients for each node can be modeled by
use of the incremental loss coefficient parameters.
12 Fluid thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.40
The thermal conductivity of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
13 Destratification conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
To model de-stratification due to mixing at node interfaces and conduction along the tank wall, the user may
enter this additional conductivity parameter. The additional conductivity term is added to the conductivity of the
tank fluid and is applied to all nodes. For rough calculations, one may calculate this parameter as the thermal
conductivity of the tank wall times the cross sectional area of the tank wall divided by the cross sectional area

4–660
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

of the fluid in the storage tank.

14 Boiling temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
15 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
16 Height of 1st aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The height of the first auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no auxiliary
heaters, set this parameter and the thermostat height parameter to any value between 0 anf the total tank
height. Then simply set either the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a
constant value of 0.
17 Height of 1st thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.25
The height of the thermostat for the first heating element above the bottom of the storage tank. If there are no
heating elements, simply set this parameter to any value between 0 and the total tank height. Then set either
the maximum heating rate or the control signal for this heating element to a constant value of 0.
Set point temperature for
18 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
19 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
20 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
21 Height of 2nd aux. heater Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of the second heating element above the bottom of the tank
22 Height of 2nd thermostat Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1
Height of 2nd thermostat above the bottom of the tank
Set point temperature for
23 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
24 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–661
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter

4–662
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

5 Temperature at inlet 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0

The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the first inlet.
6 Temperature at inlet 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank at the second inlet.
7 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
8 Control signal for element 1 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0
9 Control signal for element 2 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 1.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Flowrate at inlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid into the storage tank at inlet 1.
2 Flowrate at outlet 1 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
3 Flowrate at inlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank through inlet 2.
4 Flowrate at outlet 2 Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
5 Temperature of outlet flow 1 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 1.
6 Temperature of outlet flow 2 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid exiting the storage tank through outlet 2.
7 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
8 Energy supplied by inlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 1.
9 Energy removed by outlet 1 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 1.
10 Energy supllied by inlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is added to the storage tank by the entrance of the fluid through inlet 2.
11 Energy removed by outlet 2 Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank by the exiting of fluid through outlet 2.
12 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
13 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
14 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.

4–663
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

15 Losses to gas flue Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate at which energy is removed from the storage tank through losses to the gas flue (while the tank is not
being charged by the gas flue).
16 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank from the beginning of the simulation.
17 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
18 Static pressure difference - inlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first inlet port.
19 Static pressure difference - outlet 1 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the first outlet port.
20 Static pressure difference - inlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second inlet port.
21 Static pressure difference - outlet 2 Pressure kPa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The static pressure difference between the top of the tank and the second outlet port.
22 Tank temperature - top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the top of the storage tank.
23 Tank temperature - bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid at the bottom of the storage tank.
24 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
24-24 1 13
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 50
tank?

4–664
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.2. Plug-Flow Tank

4.12.2.1. Plug-Flow Tank

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 38

Proforma Thermal Storage\Plug-Flow Tank\Type38.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet position mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of two modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 1 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in a fixed location and the flow mixes with
adjacent segments if the temperature is within 1/2 degree. In Mode 2, the tank has variable inlet positions and
new segments are inserted at the levels which produce no temperature inversions. This allows for a maximum
degree of stratification.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Tank height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.2
The height of the storage tank.
4 Height of collector return Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The vertical distance between the bottom of the storage tank and the inlet of the hot-side flow stream.
5 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
6 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
7 Thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The effective thermal conductivity of the fluid and the walls of the thermal storage tank (0 = no conduction).
8 Tank configuration Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The configuration of the thermal storage tank:
1 ---> Vertical cylinder ; 2 ---> Horizontal cylinder
9 Overall Loss Coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for the storage tank.
10 Insulation ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The ratio of the thickness of the top insulation to the side insulation for vertical tanks, or the ratio of the
insulation thickness of the top insulation to the bottom insulation of a horizontal cylindrical tank (set this ratio to
1 if the tank has a concentric insulation jacket).
11 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 30.0
The initial temperature of the preheat portion of the thermal storage tank.
12 Maximum heating rate Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
The maximum rate at which energy can be added to the thermal storage tank from the auxiliary heating
element. If there is no element present in the tank, set this parameter to 0.
13 Auxiliary height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.5
The height of the auxiliary heater element above the bottom of the storage tank.
14 Thermostat height Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.75
The height of the thermostat for the auxiliary heater above the bottom of the storage tank.

4–665
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

15 Set point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0

The set point temperature for the auxiliary heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = temperature deadband
16 Temperature deadband Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the auxiliary heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
(See manual for further information on equation)
17 Flue loss coefficient Overall Loss Coefficient kJ/hr.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The overall loss coefficient (UA) for heat loss to the flue when the auxiliary heater is off. This parameter is
used to model gas heated storage tanks and should be set to zero if there is no flue.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom of
the storage tank for return to the heat source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank. An equal amount of fluid is
assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will be this
input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the simulation,
set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

4–666
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4–667
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.3. Rock Bed Storage

4.12.3.1. Rock Bed Storage

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 10

Proforma Thermal Storage\Rock Bed Storage\Type10.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Specific heat of air Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0035
The specific heat of the fluid flowing through the rock bed (typically air).
2 Length of rock bed Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 1.5
The length of the rock bed in the direction of the flow.
3 Cross-sectional area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 2.25
The cross-sectional area of the rock bed (inside dimensions).
4 Perimeter Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 6.0
The perimeter of the rock bed (inside dimension).
5 Specific heat of rock Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 0.8
The specific heat of the rock contained in the rock bed.
6 Apparent rock bed density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1800
The apparent density of the rock bed including voids.
7 Loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The loss coefficient from the rock bed to the surroundings.
8 Effective thermal conductivity Thermal Conductivity kJ/hr.m.K real [0.0;+Inf] 10.0
The effective thermal conductivity of the rock bed in the axial direction (including voids).

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature into top Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The temperature of the air entering the rock bed from the top and flowing down.
2 Flowrate into top Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.1
The flowrate of air entering the rock bed from the top and flowing down. *Note - the flowrate of air entering the
bed from the top (this input) and the flowrate of air entering the bed from the bottom (input 4) cannot be greater
than zero simultaneously.
3 Temperature into bottom Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the air entering the tank from the bottom and flowing upwards.
4 Flowrate into bottom Flow Rate kg/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The flowrate of air entering the rock bed from the bottom and flowing upwards. *Note - the flowrate entering the
bottom (this input) and the flow entering from the top of the tank (Input 2) cannot be greater than zero
simultaneously.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature of the surroundings to which the rock bed is exposed. This input is used to calculate the
thermal losses from the rock bed.

OUTPUTS

4–668
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Bottom node temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the air/rock in the bottom segment of the tank.
2 Flowrate out of bottom Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of air entering the top of the rock bed and leaving at the bottom of the rock bed.
3 Top node temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the air/rock in the top segment of the rock bed.
4 Flowrate out of top Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of air entering the bottom of the rock bed and exiting the top of the rock bed.
5 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy since the simulation began. This output should not be integrated.
6 Rate of energy supply Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy supplied by the rock bed to the load stream (the air entering from the bottom and leaving the
top). The supply rate is:
Qsupply = mdot,b * Cpair * (T1 - Tinb)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Environment losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy lost to the surroundings from the rock bed.
8 Average temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the rock bed.

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of segment Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified segment of the rock bed.
segment 1 = top of rock bed ; segment N = bottom of rock bed
For most cases, a value of N = 5 is recommended

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many segments should the rock bed be divided into? 1 40

4–669
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4. Stratified Storage Tank

4.12.4.1. Fixed Inlets - Non-uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\Fixed Inlets\Non-uniform Losses\Type4b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Fixed inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 1 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in the node located just below the top
auxiliary heating element. The cold source flow enters at the bottom of the tank.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient (-) Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;0.0] -3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. In this mode, the average tank loss coefficient should be
entered as a negative number indicating to the general model that incremental U-values will be added to the
average loss coefficient for each node.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat 1 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.

4–670
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter

Deadband for heating element
11 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
12 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Node containing heating
13 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 2
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
14 Node containing thermostat 2 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
15 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
16 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
17 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
18 Not used (Flue UA) Overall Loss Coefficient W/K real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
19 Not used (Tflue) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
20 Boiling point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid in the storage tank. If the tank temperature reaches the boiling
temperature, venting of steam is assumed to occur to keep the fluid at the boiling temperature. The venting is
assumed to occur with negligible loss of mass.
Incremental loss coefficient for
21 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
node
The incremental loss coefficient for each node is used to specify nodes with differing loss coefficients from the
average loss coefficient. The loss coefficient for the node will be:
Absolute Value(Parameter 5) + This Parameter
Users can specify a positive or negative incremental loss coefficient for each node, but the calculated loss
coefficient has to be greater than zero.

4–671
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
6-6 1 100
tank?
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
21-21 1 100
tank?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source. The inlet location for this hot-side fluid is
one element below the upper auxiliary heating element.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the tank below the
upper heating element. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom of the storage tank for return to the heat
source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank. An equal amount of fluid is
assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet a load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

4–672
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–673
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4.2. Fixed Inlets - Uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\Fixed Inlets\Uniform Losses\Type4a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Fixed inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 1
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 1 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in the node located just below the top
auxiliary heating element. The cold source flow enters at the bottom of the tank.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat 1 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
11 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb

4–674
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
12 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Node containing heating
13 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 2
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
14 Node containing thermostat 2 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
15 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
16 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
17 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
18 Not used (Flue UA) Overall Loss Coefficient W/K real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
19 Not used (Tflue) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
20 Boiling point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid in the storage tank. If the tank temperature reaches the boiling
temperature, venting of steam is assumed to occur to keep the fluid at the boiling temperature. The venting is
assumed to occur with negligible loss of mass.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
6-6 1 100
tank?

4–675
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the tank below the
upper heating element. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom of the storage tank for return to the heat
source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the bottom of the storage tank. An equal amount of fluid is
assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet a load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature to heat source Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the bottom of the storage tank and returning to the heat source (the
temperature of the bottom node).
2 Flowrate to heat source Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank below the upper heating element and exiting at the bottom of
the storage tank to return to the heat source.
3 Temperature to load Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the top of the storage tank to the load (the temperature of the top
node).
4 Flowrate to load Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid entering the tank at the bottom and leaving the tank at the top to meet the load.
5 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
6 Energy rate to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the tank to supply the load. The energy rate to the load is calculated
by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.

4–676
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–677
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4.3. User-Designated Inlets - Non-uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\User-Designated Inlets\Non-uniform Losses\Type4f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 3 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in the node specified by the user. The cold
source flow also enters the tank at a user-
specified location.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient (-) Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;0.0] -3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. In this mode, the average tank loss coefficient should be
entered as a negative number indicating to the general model that incremental U-values will be added to the
average loss coefficient for each node.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat 1 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
11 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–678
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
12 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element 1
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
Node containing heating
13 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 2
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
14 Node containing thermostat 2 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
15 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 2
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
16 Temp. Difference deltaC real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
2
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
17 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200
element 2
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
18 Not used (Flue UA) Overall Loss Coefficient W/K real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
19 Not used (Tflue) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
20 Boiling point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid in the storage tank. If the tank temperature reaches the boiling
temperature, venting of steam is assumed to occur to keep the fluid at the boiling temperature. The venting is
assumed to occur with negligible loss of mass.
Entering node for hot-source
21 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
flow
The node that contains the hot-source inlet flow (Node 1 = top). Make sure that the specified node falls
between node 1 and the total number of nodes specified.
Entering node for cold-side
22 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 5
fluid
The node which contains the cold-side flow entrance (Node 1 = top). Make sure that the inlet location for this
flow is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified.
Incremental loss coefficient for
23 Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
node
The incremental loss coefficient for each node is used to specify nodes with differing loss coefficients from the
average loss coefficient. The loss coefficient for the node will be:

4–679
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Absolute Value(Parameter 5) + This Parameter

Users can specify a positive or negative incremental loss coefficient for each node, but the calculated loss
coefficient has to be greater than zero.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
6-6 1 15
tank?
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
23-23 1 15
tank?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source. The inlet location for this hot-side fluid is
specified in the parameter list.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the tank in the node
specified in the parameter list. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom of the storage tank for return to the
heat source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into tank at the node specified in the parameter list.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the storage tank at the location specified in the parameter list. An
equal amount of fluid is assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

4–680
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
6 Energy rate to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the tank to supply the load. The energy rate to the load is calculated
by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–681
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4.4. User-Designated Inlets - Uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\User-Designated Inlets\Uniform Losses\Type4e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 User-specified inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 3
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 3 indicates that the heat source flow enters the tank in the node specified by the user. The cold
source flow also enters the tank at a user-
specified location.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient (-) Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element 1
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat 1 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element 1
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating element
11 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
1
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb

4–682
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
6-6 How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the 1 100

4–683
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

tank?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source. The inlet location for this hot-side fluid is
specified in the parameter list.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the tank in the node
specified in the parameter list. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom of the storage tank for return to the
heat source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into tank at the node specified in the parameter list.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the storage tank at the location specified in the parameter list. An
equal amount of fluid is assumed to flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

4–684
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–685
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4.5. Variable Inlets - Non-uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\Variable Inlets\Non-uniform Losses\Type4d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Variable inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 2 indicates that both the heat source flow and replacement fluid flow enter the tank in the node
closest in temperature to the respective inlet temperatures. With sufficient nodes, this permits a maximum
degree of stratification.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient (-) Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [-Inf;0.0] -3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area. In this mode, the average tank loss coefficient should be
entered as a negative number indicating to the general model that incremental U-values will be added to the
average loss coefficient for each node.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
11 Deadband for heating element Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the

4–686
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
6-6 1 100
tank?
8-12 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
16-16 1 100
tank?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source. The inlet location for this hot-side fluid is
the node closest in temperature to the inlet temperature.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the tank in the node
closest in temperature to the temperature of the hot-source stream. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom
of the storage tank for return to the heat source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid entering the storage tank. The replacement fluid will enter the tank in
the node which is closest in temperature to this cold-side temperature.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into storage tank. The fluid will enter the storage tank in the node
which is closest in temperature to the temperature of the cold-side flow. An equal amount of fluid is assumed to
flow from the top of the tank to meet the load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0

4–687
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature to heat source Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the bottom of the storage tank and returning to the heat source (the
bottom node temperature).
2 Flowrate to heat source Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of hot-side fluid entering the storage tank at the node closest in temperature and exiting at the
bottom of the storage tank to return to the heat source.
3 Temperature to load Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the top of the storage tank to the load (the temperature of the top
node).
4 Flowrate to load Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of cold-side fluid entering the tank at the node closest in temperature and leaving the tank at the
top to meet the load.
5 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
6 Energy rate to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the tank to supply the load. The energy rate to the load is calculated
by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

4–688
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–689
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.4.6. Variable Inlets - Uniform Losses

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 4

Proforma Thermal Storage\Stratified Storage Tank\Variable Inlets\Uniform Losses\Type4c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Variable inlet positions Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
The auxiliary storage tank may operate in one of three modes in determining the inlet positions of the flow
streams. Mode 2 indicates that the heat source flow and the cold-side flow enter the tank in the nodes closest
in temperature to the temperature of the respective flows. With a sufficient number of nodes, this permits a
maximum degree of stratification.
Do not change this parameter.
2 Tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 0.35
The actual volume of the storage tank (not the nominal value).
3 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
4 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
5 Tank loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 3.0
The average tank loss coefficient per unit area.
6 Height of node Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 0.05
The height of the storage tank node in question. The total tank height will be determined by summing the
heights of the nodes.
7 Auxiliary heater mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 1
The auxiliary heater may be operated in one of two modes:
1 = Master/Slave Relation: The lower heating element is only enabled when the upper heating element is
satisified. In this mode, only one heater may be on at any instant of time. This is a common design in
residential electric hot water tanks.
2 = Both Enabled: In this mode, both heaters may be on simultaneously. This allows for significantly quicker
heating of the water, but at a much higher electrical demand.
Node containing heating
8 Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
element
The node containing the specified auxiliary heating element. Make sure that the specified node for the heater
is between 1 and the total number of nodes specified. Node 1 is the topmost node in the tank.
9 Node containing thermostat Dimensionless - integer [1;100] 1
The node containing the thermostat for the specified auxiliary heater. The thermostat is typically either located
in the same node as the heating element or in a node located above the element. Node 1 is the topmost node
in the tank.
Set point temperature for
10 Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 55.0
element
The set point temperature for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the heating element
when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:
Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Tset = this parameter; Tdb = next parameter
Deadband for heating
11 Temp. Difference deltaC real [-Inf;+Inf] 5.0
element
The dead band temperature difference for the specified heating element. The thermostat will enable the
heating element when the temperature of the fluid in the node containing the thermostat falls below:

4–690
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Tset - Tdb
and continue to heat the fluid until it reaches the set point temperature.
Where Tset = previous parameter; Tdb = this parameter
Maximum heating rate of
12 Power kJ/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 16200.0
element
The maximum heating rate of the heating element. If the specified heating element is to not to be used for the
simulation, set the maximum power to 0.
13 Not used (Flue UA) Overall Loss Coefficient W/K real [0.0;0.0] 0.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
14 Not used (Tflue) Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
This parameter is not used in this mode of the storage tank.
15 Boiling point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 100.0
The boiling point temperature of the fluid in the storage tank. If the tank temperature reaches the boiling
temperature, venting of steam is assumed to occur to keep the fluid at the boiling temperature. The venting is
assumed to occur with negligible loss of mass.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hot-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 45.0
The temperature of the fluid flowing into the tank from the heat source. The inlet location for this hot-side fluid is
the node closest in temperature to the temperature of the hot-side flow.
2 Hot-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of fluid into the storage tank from the heat source. The hot-side fluid enters the storage tank in the
node closest in temperature to the temperature of the hot-side flow. An equal flowrate of fluid leaves the bottom
of the storage tank forreturn to the heat
source.
3 Cold-side temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20.0
The temperature of the replacement fluid flowing into the storage tank. The flow will enter the tank in the node
which is closest in temperature to the cold-side flow.
4 Cold-side flowrate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flowrate of replacement fluid flowing into the storage tank. The flow will enter the tank in the node which is
closest in temperature to this cold-side flow. An equal amount of fluid is assumed to flow from the top of the
tank to meet the load.
5 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.
6 Control signal for element Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.0
The control signal for the specified auxiliary heating element. The available power for the heating element will
be this input multiplied by the maximum power for the element. If an auxiliary heater is not desired for the
simulation, set this input to a constant of 0.0 or set the maximum power for the element to 0.0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
6-6 How many heating elements to be modeled in this tank? 2 2

OUTPUTS

4–691
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default

1 Temperature to heat source Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the bottom of the storage tank and returning to the heat source (the
bottom node temperature).
2 Flowrate to heat source Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank in the node closest in temperature and exiting at the bottom of
the storage tank to return to the heat source.
3 Temperature to load Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid flowing from the top of the storage tank to the load (the top node temperature).
4 Flowrate to load Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flowrate of fluid entering the tank at the node closest in temperature and leaving the tank at the top to
meet the load.
5 Thermal losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of thermal energy loss to the environment. Includes the vented energy if a boiling condition is
reached.
6 Energy rate to load Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is removed from the tank to supply the load. The energy rate to the load is calculated
by:
Qload = mdot,load * Cp * (Ttop - Treplace)
(See manual for further information on equation)
7 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The internal energy change of the tank relative to its initial condition. This output should not be integrated as it
is an energy quantity and not an energy rate.
8 Auxiliary heating rate Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average rate at which power was added to the tank by BOTH auxiliary heaters.
9 Element 1 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power supplied to the storage tank over the timestep by the first heating element specified in the
parameter list.
10 Element 2 power Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average power over the timestep supplied to the tank by the second auxiliary heater specified in the
parameter list.
11 Energy rate from heat source Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate of energy transfer from the heat source to the storage tank. The rate is calculated from:
Qin = mdot,source * Cp * (Thot - Ttosource)
(See manual for further information on equation)
12 Average tank temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average temperature of the fluid in the storage tank over the timestep.
13 Temperature of node 1+ Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Temperature of node 1+
The temperature of the specified node.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the top and bottom nodes, how many other nodes are
13-13 1 98
there?

DERIVATIVES
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial temperature of node Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The initial temperature of the specified node.

4–692
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many temperature levels (nodes) should be used in the
1-1 1 100
tank?

4–693
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.12.5. Variable Volume Tank

4.12.5.1. Variable Volume Tank

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 39

Proforma Thermal Storage\Variable Volume Tank\Type39.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Tank operation mode Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 2
The operation mode of the storage tank when a full condition is reched:
1 ---> Recirculate the fluid if the tank is full
2 ---> Divert the fluid stream if the tank is full
2 Overall tank volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 20.0
The overall volume of the storage tank.
3 Minimum fluid volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The minimum volume of fluid allowed in the storage tank before the load is modulated to maintain this
minimum volume.
4 Maximum fluid volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 18.0
The maximum volume of fluid allowed in the storage tank before the fluid stream is either recirculated or
diverted.
5 Tank circumference Length m real [0.0;+Inf] 15.0
The circumference of the storage tank.
6 Cross-sectional area Area m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The cross-sectional area of the variable volume storage tank.
7 Wetted loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 6.0
The loss coefficient of that part of the tank which is in contact with the fluid.
8 Dry loss coefficient Heat Transfer Coeff. kJ/hr.m^2.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.0
The heat transfer coeficient of that part of the tank which is not in contact with the fluid.
9 Fluid specific heat Specific Heat kJ/kg.K real [0.0;+Inf] 4.190
The specific heat of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
10 Fluid density Density kg/m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 1000.0
The density of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
11 Initial fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 22.0
The temperature of the fluid in the storage tank at the beginning of the simulation.
12 Initial fluid volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [0.0;+Inf] 5.0
The volume of the fluid in the storage tank at the beginning of the simulation.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inlet temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 25.0
The temperature of the fluid entering the storage tank.
2 Inlet flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 100.0
The flow rate of fluid entering the storage tank.

4–694
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

3 Flow rate to load Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 75.0

The flow rate required by the load which is to be met by the storage tank.
4 Environment temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 15.0
The temperature of the environment in which the storage tank is located.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Fluid temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the fluid contained in the storage tank.
2 Load flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid exiting the storage tank to meet the load. Note - this may be different than the desired load
flow rate due to minimum and maximum volume considerations.
3 Excess flow temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The temperature of the recirculated flow stream (mode 1) or the diverted flow stream (mode 2) if a maximum
volume condition is reached.
4 Excess flow rate Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The flow rate of fluid that is either recirculated (mode 1) or diverted (mode 2) due to a maximum volume
condition being reached.
5 Fluid volume Volumetric Flow Rate m^3 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The volume of fluid in the storage tank.
6 Enthalpy difference Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The difference in enthalpies of the outgoing and the incoming flow streams.
7 Environment losses Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The rate at which energy is transferred to the environment from the storage tank.
8 Internal energy change Energy kJ real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The change in internal energy of the tank relative to the beginning of the simulation. This term is an energy
quantity and not an energy rate and should not be integrated.
9 Level indicator Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The level indicator for the storage tank:
-1 ---> Tank fluid is at minimum level
0 ---> Tank fluid is somewhere between minimum and maximum levels
1 ---> Tank fluid is at maximum level

4–695
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13. Utility

4.13.1. Calling External Programs

4.13.1.1. COMIS

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 157

Proforma Utility\Calling External Programs\COMIS\Type157.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of Zones Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 1
2 Number of links w/schedules Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
3 CIF Seq. Num. of link with TRNSYS schedule Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
CIF Sequence Number of the link with TRNSYS defined schedule
4 Number of Source Schedules Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Source Schedule Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Source Schedule
Format: Pnr. Znr
Pnr: Number of the pollutant for which the TRNSYS defined source schedule is applied.
Znr: CIF sequence number of the first zone with TRNSYS defined pollutant source schedule.
6 Number of Sink Schedules Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
7 Sink Schedule Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sink Schedule
Format: Pnr.Znr
Pnr : Number of the pollutant for which the TRNSYS defined sink schedule is applied.
Znr : CIF sequence number of the first zone with TRNSYS defined pollutant sink schedule.
8 Number of Outputs Dimensionless - real [0;+Inf] 0
9 Output Indices for output Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output Indicator
Format: OI1.OI2 Pairs
Output Indicator
Format= OI1:OI2
OI1>0 Fma Coupling flow from zone OI1 to zone OI2 [kg/h]
OI1=-1 Inf Infiltration into zone OI2 [ach/hr]
OI1=-2 VIn Ventilation supply into zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1=-3 Exf Exfiltration from Zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1=-4 VOut Ventilation exhaust from zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1<-10 C Concentration of pollutant nr. (-OI1-10) in zone OI2
(See manual for examples.)
10 Logical unit for Comis input file Dimensionless - real [15;99] 40
11 Logical unit for comis output file Dimensionless - real [15;99] 41

Cycles

4–696
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

3-3 Number of links w/schedules 1 50
5-5 Number of Source Schedules 1 50
7-7 Number of Sink Schedules 1 50
9-9 Number of Outputs 1 50

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Wind Speed Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 2
2 Wind Direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Comis requires N=0°, E=90°,…
(see User manual http://www-epb.lbl.gov/comis/composite.pdf)
3 Ambient Temp. Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20
4 Absolute Humidity any any real [0;+Inf] 0.005
5 Abs. Ambient Pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 98800
6 Amb. Conc. Pollutant 1 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
7 Amb. Conc. Pollutant 2 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
8 Amb. Conc. Pollutant 3 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
9 Amb. Conc. Pollutant 4 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
10 Amb. Conc. Pollutant 5 any any real [0;+Inf] 0
11 Air Temp. in Zone Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 20
12 'Actual Factor' for links with schedules Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
'Actual Factor' for links with schedules [-]
13 'Actual Factor' for source with schedule* Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
'Actual Factor' for the pollutant sources with schedules [-]
14 'Actual Factor' for sinks with schedules Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
'Actual Factor' for the pollutant sinks with schedules [-]

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of Zones 1 50
12-12 Number of links w/schedules 1 50
13-13 Number of Source Schedules 1 50
14-14 Number of Sink Schedules 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output (from parameters) Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output : according to the corresponding OI1.OI2 pair
Format:
OI1>0 Fma Coupling flow from zone OI1 to zone OI2 [kg/h]
OI1=-1 Inf Infiltration into Zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1=-2 VIn Ventilation supply into zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1=-3 Exf Exfiltration from zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1=-4 VOut Ventilation exhaust from zone OI2 [ach/h]
OI1<-10 C Concentration of pollutant nr. (-OI1-10) in zone OI2
(See manual for examples.)

Cycles

4–697
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

1-1 Number of Outputs 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Name of comis input file Logical unit for Comis input file
Name of Comis Output file Logical unit for comis output file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\comv-trn3.for

4–698
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.2. CONTAM

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 97

Proforma Utility\Calling External Programs\CONTAM\Type97.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 CONTAM building model input file (*.air) Dimensionless - integer [40;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Temperature of zone Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Ambient Temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Barometric Pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Wind Speed Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Wind Direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
N=0°, E = 90°
(see user manual http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/CONTAM/)

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many zones are modeled in CONTAM ? 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many outputs provided by CONTAM ? 1 100

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
CONTAM building model input file (*.air) CONTAM building model input file (*.air)
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type97.for

4–699
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.3. EES - Call EES EveryTime

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 66

Proforma Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\Call EES EveryTime\Type66a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
This parameter specifies how the EES model will be called. If set to 1, the EES model will be called at every
time step and at every iteration. If set to 2, the first input is a control signal. The first input will not be sent to
EES. Please refer to parameter 2 for information on the various ways that outputs can be treated in Input mode
2.
2 not used Dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
This parameter is only used in Input mode 2 (parameter 1 set to 2). In Input mode 2, the first input is not sent to
EES but is a control signal. When that control signal is set to 0, the EES model will not be called. This
parameter determines how outputs will be treated when the EES model is not called.
1: outputs are set to 0 if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
2: outputs are set to predefined (parameter) values if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3: output values are held from the previous time step if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3 Allowable wait Time s real [0;+Inf] 0
The allowable amount of time that TRNSYS will allow EES before deciding that EES is non responsive. (Not
implemented yet)
4 Number of ouputs Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of outputs that EES will be returning

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many INPUTS does the EES model require? 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of ouputs 1 50

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS 2 2 Labels are required (Do not Edit) 2
Where is EES located?
Where is the EES file to be run located?

4–700
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.4. EES - First Input is a Control Signal - Hold Last

Calculated Values when OFF

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 66

Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Hold Last Calculated Values when
Proforma
OFF\Type66d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter specifies how the EES model will be called. If set to 1, the EES model will be called at every
time step and at every iteration. If set to 2, the first input is a control signal. The first input will not be sent to
EES. Please refer to parameter 2 for information on the various ways that outputs can be treated in Input mode
2.
2 Output mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] 0
This parameter is only used in Input mode 2 (parameter 1 set to 2). In Input mode 2, the first input is not sent to
EES but is a control signal. When that control signal is set to 0, the EES model will not be called. This
parameter determines how outputs will be treated when the EES model is not called.
1: outputs are set to 0 if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
2: outputs are set to predefined (parameter) values if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3: output values are held from the previous time step if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3 Allowable wait Time s real [0;+Inf] 0
The allowable amount of time that TRNSYS will allow EES before deciding that EES is non responsive. (Not
implemented yet)
4 Number of ouputs Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of outputs that EES will be returning

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Control signal Dimensionless - real [0;1] 0
If this input is set to 0, the EES model will not be called at the current time step. The output mode (parameter 2)
determines how the outputs normally generated by EES will be treated when the EES model is not called.
2 Input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-2 How many INPUTS does the EES model require? 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of ouputs 1 50

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS 2 2 Labels are required (Do not Edit) 2

4–701
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where is EES located?

Where is the EES file to be run located?

4–702
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.5. EES - First Input is a Control Signal - Set Outputs to

Predefined Values when OFF

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 66

Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Set Outputs to Predefined Values

Proforma
when OFF\Type66c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter specifies how the EES model will be called. If set to 1, the EES model will be called at every
time step and at every iteration. If set to 2, the first input is a control signal. The first input will not be sent to
EES. Please refer to parameter 2 for information on the various ways that outputs can be treated in Input mode
2.
2 Output mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter is only used in Input mode 2 (parameter 1 set to 2). In Input mode 2, the first input is not sent to
EES but is a control signal. When that control signal is set to 0, the EES model will not be called. This
parameter determines how outputs will be treated when the EES model is not called.
1: outputs are set to 0 if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
2: outputs are set to predefined (parameter) values if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3: output values are held from the previous time step if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3 Allowable wait Time s real [0;+Inf] 0
The allowable amount of time that TRNSYS will allow EES before deciding that EES is non responsive. (Not
implemented yet)
4 Number of ouputs Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of outputs that EES will be returning
5 Value when OFF for output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The predefined value of each output when the EES model is not called.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-5 Number of ouputs 1 100

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-2 How many INPUTS does the EES model require? 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles

4–703
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

1-1 Number of ouputs 1 50

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS 2 2 Labels are required (Do not edit) 2
Where is EES located?
Where is the EES file to be run located?

4–704
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.6. EES - First Input is a Control Signal - Set Outputs to

Zero when OFF

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 66

Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Set Outputs to Zero when

Proforma
OFF\Type66b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
This parameter specifies how the EES model will be called. If set to 1, the EES model will be called at every
time step and at every iteration. If set to 2, the first input is a control signal. The first input will not be sent to
EES. Please refer to parameter 2 for information on the various ways that outputs can be treated in Input mode
2.
2 Output mode Dimensionless - real [1;1] 0
This parameter is only used in Input mode 2 (parameter 1 set to 2). In Input mode 2, the first input is not sent to
EES but is a control signal. When that control signal is set to 0, the EES model will not be called. This
parameter determines how outputs will be treated when the EES model is not called.
1: outputs are set to 0 if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
2: outputs are set to predefined (parameter) values if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3: output values are held from the previous time step if Input Mode is 2 and the first input is 0
3 Allowable wait Time s real [0;+Inf] 0
The allowable amount of time that TRNSYS will allow EES before deciding that EES is non responsive. (Not
implemented yet)
4 Number of ouputs Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of outputs that EES will be returning

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-2 How many INPUTS does the EES model require? 1 50

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of ouputs 1 50

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS 2 2 Labels are required (Do not edit) 2

4–705
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Where is EES located?

Where is the EES file to be run located?

4–706
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.7. Excel

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 62

Proforma Utility\Calling External Programs\Excel\Type62.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
Not implemented yet
2 Nb of inputs Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 0
Number of inputs.
Please define the corresponding names in the excel workbook
(Input1 to InputN)
3 Nb of outputs Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 0
Number of outputs.
Please define the corresponding names in the excel workbook
(Output1 to OutputN)
4 Show Excel Dimensionless - boolean [0;1] 0
Set this parameter to 1 if you want excel to be visible during the simulation.
If this parameter is set to 0, excel will run hidden in the background

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Input sent to Excel. The total number of inputs is set by parameter 1

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb of inputs 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output from Excel. The total number of outputs is set by parameter 2

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Nb of outputs 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Always 1 (do not edit) 1
Excel file name ".\Examples\Data Files\Type62-CallingExcel.xls"

4–707
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.1.8. Matlab

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 155

Proforma Utility\Calling External Programs\Matlab\Type155.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
Not implemented yet
2 Number of inputs Dimensionless - integer [1;200] 0
Number of inputs sent to Matlab
3 Number of outputs Dimensionless - integer [1;200] 0
Number of outputs from Matlab
4 Calling Mode Dimensionless - integer [0;10] 0
This parameter describes the iterative behavior of this component. Currently, the values 0 and 10 are defined.
0: Standard Iterative component (called at each call of each time step)
10: Non-iterative component called at the end of each time step, after integrators and printers - This is suitable
for a controller that calculates its outputs for one time step based on the converged ("measured") values of
previous time step
5 Keep Matlab open after simulation Dimensionless - boolean [0;1] 0
If this parameter is 1 for at least one unit of Type 155 in the simulation, the Matlab engine will not be closed
when TRNSYS exits. This can be useful for further data analysis or debugging purposes.
Please note that the Matlab instance launched by TRNSYS will exit by itself after a certain time, so you should
save your session and re-open it in another Matlab instance if you want to keep working on the data

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 input any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
input sent to Matlab. the total number of inputs is set by parameter 2 (nInputs)

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of inputs 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 output any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
output from Matlab. The total number of outputs is set by parameter 3

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of outputs 1 100

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
LABELS Set to 1 (do NOT edit) 1
m-file name (relative or absolute path) ".\Examples\Data Files\Type155_CallingMatlab.m"

4–708
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2. Data Readers

4.13.2.1. Generic Data Files - Expert Mode - Free Format

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Expert Mode\Free Format\Type9e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;6] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader. The different values (Modes 1 to 6) are explained
hereunder:
1: The first line in the data file is the simulation start time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous
values for ALL variables (including the ones that are given as average values over the time step in the rest of
the data file)
2: The first line in the data file is the simulation start time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or
averaged values over one timestep according to the options set for each variables
3. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first time step of the simulation. No initial values are provided
in the file.
4: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous values for ALL variables (including
the ones that are given as average values over the time step in the rest of the data file)
5: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or averaged values over one
timestep according to the options set for each variables
6. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first timestep in a year. If the simulation does not start at the
beginning of the year, lines are skipped in the data file. No initial values are provided in the file
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor

4–709
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0

This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)
or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Free format mode Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
The value -1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in free format mode. The
values should be separated by blanks (spaces, tabs) or commas (","). Do not change ths parameter, use
another proforma if you want to read a file according to a specified format statement.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output 1 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
nth value read from data file (if at least n values are read).
M M M M M M M
10 Output 10 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
nth value read from data file (if at least n values are read).
M M M M M M M
98 Output 98 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time at which the values were last read from the data file. This output is intended to be hooked up to the
radiation processor (Type 16).
100 Time of next read Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is intended to be hooked up to
the radiation processor (Type16).
101 Value at next timestep of Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value at the next timestep of the listed output.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please Select The Input File For Type 9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–710
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.2. Generic Data Files - Expert Mode - Specified Format

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Expert Mode\Specified Format\Type9g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;6] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader. The different values (Modes 1 to 6) are explained
hereunder:
1: The first line in the data file is the simulation start time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous
values for ALL variables (including the ones that are given as average values over the time step in the rest of
the data file)
2: The first line in the data file is the simulation start time. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or
averaged values over one timestep according to the options set for each variables
3. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first time step of the simulation. No initial values are provided
in the file.
4: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous values for ALL variables (including
the ones that are given as average values over the time step in the rest of the data file)
5: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped
accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or averaged values over one
timestep according to the options set for each variables
6. The first line in the data file corresponds to the first timestep in a year. If the simulation does not start at the
beginning of the year, lines are skipped in the data file. No initial values are provided in the file
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc. Note that in Formatted
read "the nth column" means the nth value read using the specified format.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)

4–711
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Specified format mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -1
The value of 1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in the input file using the
format string specified in "Special Cards". Do not change this parameter, use another proforma if you want to
read a file in free format mode.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output 1 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
nth value read from data file (if at least n values are read).
M M M M M M M
98 Output 98 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time at which the values were last read from the data file. This output is intended to be hooked up to the
radiation processor (Type 16).
100 Time of next read Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The time at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is intended to be hooked up to
the radiation processor (Type16).
101 Value at next timestep of Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value at the next timestep of the listed output.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
FORMAT Format Statement to read the input file (1X,F6.2)

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please select the input file for Type 9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–712
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.3. Generic Data Files - First Line is Simulation Start - Free

Format
Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\First Line is Simulation Start\Free Format\Type9a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader to 2: the first line in the data file is the simulation start time.
Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or averaged values over one timestep according to the options
set for each variables
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not? Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)
or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Free format mode Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
The value -1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in free format mode. The
values should be separated by blanks (spaces, tabs) or commas (","). Do not change ths parameter, use
another proforma if you want to read a file according to a specified format statement.

Cycles

4–713
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please select the input file for Type 9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–714
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.4. Generic Data Files - First Line is Simulation Start -

Specified Format
Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\First Line is Simulation Start\Specified Format\Type9b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-10;10] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader to 2: the first line in the data file is the simulation start time.
Initial conditions are provided as instantaneous or averaged values over one timestep according to the options
set for each variable
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc. Note that in Formatted
read "the nth column" means the nth value read using the specified format.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)
or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Specified format mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -1
The value of 1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in the input file using the
format string specified in "Special Cards". Do not change this parameter, use another proforma if you want to
read a file in free format mode.

4–715
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
FORMAT Format Statement to read the input file (1X,F6.2)

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please select the input file for Type9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–716
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.5. Generic Data Files - Skip Lines to Start - Free Format

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Skip Lines to Start\Free Format\Type9c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-10;10] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader to 5: The first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If
the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as
instantaneous or averaged values over one timestep according to the options set for each variables
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of
the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)
or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Free format mode Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
The value -1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in free format mode. The
values should be separated by blanks (spaces, tabs) or commas (","). Do not change ths parameter, use
another proforma if you want to read a file according to a specified format statement.

Cycles

4–717
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please select the input file for Type 9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–718
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.6. Generic Data Files - Skip Lines to Start - Specified

Format

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 9

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Skip Lines to Start\Specified Format\Type9d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] 2
This parameter sets the mode of the data reader to 5: the first line in the data file corresponds to time = 0. If
the simulation start is not 0, lines are skipped accordingly in the data file. Initial conditions are provided as
instantaneous or averaged values over one timestep according to the options set for each variable
2 Header Lines to Skip Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
Number of header lines to skip in the data file (e.g. Variable names, units, or additional information not used
by TRNSYS)
3 No. of values to read Dimensionless - integer [1;98] 2
This parameter specifies how many values are to be read from each line of the data file. Note that even if
some values are used, the component must read all values up to the last one which is used. E.g. if only the
1st, 2nd and 6th values are desired, this parameter should be equal to 6.
4 Time interval of data Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
Time interval used to record the data in the file (e.g. hourly = 1.0, daily = 24.0).
The data time interval must be an integer multiplier of the simulation timestep. E.g. if the simulation timestep is
15 minutes, the data time interval could be 15 min, 30 min, 1h, etc.
5 Interpolate or not Dimensionless - integer [-1;1] 1
This parameter indicates whether the values for the nth variable in the data file are to be interpolated (1) or not
(-1). Parameter 5 is for the first column, Parameter 9 is for the second column, etc. Note that in Formatted
read "the nth column" means the nth value read using the specified format.
Radiation values should NOT be interpolated - this is the function of the radiation processor.
6 Multiplication factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 1.0
Multiplication factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 6 is for the first column, Parameter 10 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
7 Addition factor Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Addition factor for the nth variable (column). Parameter 7 is for the first column, Parameter 11 is for the
second column, etc.
Output(n) = Value(n) * multiplication factor + addition factor
8 Average or instantaneous value Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter indicates whether the nth variable (column) is an average value over the data time interval (0)
or an instantaneous value (1). Note that printed results from previous TRNSYS simulations are average values
over the time step.
Parameter 8 is for the first column, Parameter 12 is for the second column, etc.
9 Logical unit for input file Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 14
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio.
10 Specified format mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -1
The value of 1 for this parameter indicates that the data reader should read data in the input file using the
format string specified in "Special Cards". Do not change this parameter, use another proforma if you want to
read a file in free format mode.

4–719
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-8 No. of values to read 1 98

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
101-101 No. of values to read 1 98

SPECIAL CARDS
Name Question Answer
FORMAT Format Statement to read the input file (1X,F6.2)

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Input file name "Please select the input file for Type 9" Logical unit for input file
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type9.for

4–720
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.7. Standard Weather Files - EnergyPlus - Simulation Start

is first line

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\EnergyPlus\Simulation Start is first line\Type89e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Global horizontal illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Direct normal illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–721
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

15 Zenith luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

16 Total sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Opaque sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Atmospheric pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Horizontal visibility Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Ceiling height Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Precipitable water any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Aerosol optical depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Snow depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Days since last snowfall Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Extraterrestrial beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Infrared radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
27 Output 27 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

M M M M M M M
98 Output 98 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
103 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
104 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
105 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
106 Humidity ratio at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio at the next timestep.
107 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.
108 Wind direction at next timestep Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The wind direction at the next timestep.
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Percent relative humidity at next
110 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
timestep

4–722
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Diffuse horizontal radiation at next
111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Direct normal illuminance at next
113 Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Days since last snowfall at next
124 Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Extraterrestrial beam radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Infrared radiation on horiz. at next
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the EnergyPlus weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–723
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.8. Standard Weather Files - EnergyPlus - Skip N Lines

before starting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\EnergyPlus\Skip N Lines before starting\Type89f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-3;-3] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

4–724
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

15 Zenith luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

M M M M M M M
99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
103 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
104 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
105 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
106 Humidity ratio at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio at the next timestep.
107 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.
108 Wind direction at next timestep Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The wind direction at the next timestep.
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Percent relative humidity at next
110 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
timestep
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.

4–725
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Diffuse horizontal radiation at next

111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Direct normal illuminance at next
113 Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Days since last snowfall at next
124 Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Extraterrestrial beam radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Infrared radiation on horiz. at next
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the EnergyPlus weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–726
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.9. Standard Weather Files - IWEC - Simulation Start is

first line

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\IWEC\Simulation Start is first line\Type89g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [4;4] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

4–727
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

15 Zenith luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Total sky cover dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Opaque sky cover dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Atmospheric pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Horizontal visibility Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Ceiling height Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Precipitable water any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Aerosol optical depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Snow depth Length cm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Days since last snowfall Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Extraterrestrial beam radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
26 Extraterrestrial direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The direct normal radiation for the location latitude in absence of the atmosphere.
27 Infrared radiation - not in data file Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
28 Sky condition dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sky condition is described by four numbers which correspond to ascending layers of
the atmosphere.
0 = clear
1 = thin scattered clouds
2. = opaque scattered clouds
3 = thin broken clouds
4 = opaque broken clouds
5 = thin overcast
6 = opaque overcast
7 = obscuration
8 = partial obscuration
an output of 0000 indicates that all four layers are clear
an output of 1000 indicates that there are thin, scattered clouds low but that above them, it is clear.
29 Output 29 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–728
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.

106 Humidity ratio at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio at the next timestep.
107 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.
108 Wind direction at next timestep Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The wind direction at the next timestep.
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
110 Percent relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Diffuse horizontal radiation at next
111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
113 Direct normal illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
124 Days since last snowfall at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Extraterrestrial beam radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Infrared radiation on horiz. at next
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep - not available
Extraterrestrial direct normal at next
127 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
128 Sky condition at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the IWEC weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–729
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.10. Standard Weather Files - IWEC - Skip N Lines before

starting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\IWEC\Skip N Lines before starting\Type89h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-4;-4] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Global horizontal illuminanace Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Direct normal illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–730
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–731
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.

106 Humidity ratio at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio at the next timestep.
107 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.
108 Wind direction at next timestep Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The wind direction at the next timestep.
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
110 Percent relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.
111 Diffuse horizontal radiation at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
113 Direct normal illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
124 Days since last snowfall at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Extraterrestrial beam radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
Infrared radiation on horiz. at next timestep
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
- not available
Extraterrestrial direct normal at next
127 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
128 Sky condition at next timestep dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the IWEC weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–732
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.11. Standard Weather Files - Standard Tmy - Simulation

Start is first line

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Standard Tmy\Simulation Start is first line\Type89i.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [5;5] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;999] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

4–733
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

15 Zenith luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Total sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Opaque sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Atmospheric pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Horizontal visibility Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Ceiling height Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Precipitable water any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Aerosol optical depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Snow depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Days since last snowfall Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Extraterrestrial horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The amount ot solar radiation in absence of the atmosphere incident on a horizontal surface.
26 Extraterrestrial direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The amount of solar radiation in absense of the atmosphere incident on a plane perpendicular to beam solar
radiation.
27 Horizontal infrared radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The amount of infrared radiation incident per unit area on a horizontal surface.
28 Output 28 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–734
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
110 Percent relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Diffuse horizontal radiation at next
111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
113 Direct normal illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
124 Days since last snowfall at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Extraterrestrial horizontal radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
The amount ot solar radiation in absence of the atmosphere incident on a horizontal surface at the next
timestep
Extraterrestrial direct normal radiation at
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
next timestep
The amount of solar radiation in absense of the atmosphere incident on a plane perpendicular to beam solar
radiation at the next time step.
Horizontal infrared radiation at next
127 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
The amount of infrared radiation incident per unit area on a horizontal surface at the next timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TMY weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–735
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.12. Standard Weather Files - Standard Tmy - Skip N Lines

before starting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Standard Tmy\Skip N Lines before starting\Type89j.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-5;-5] -1
Mode = -2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the program should skip into the data file corresponding to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;999] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Global horizontal illuminanace Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Direct normal illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–736
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–737
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
110 Percent relative humidity at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Diffuse horizontal radiation at next
111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
113 Direct normal illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
118 Atmospheric pressure at next timestep Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
122 Aerosol optical depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
124 Days since last snowfall at next timestep Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Extraterrestrial horizontal radiation at next
125 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
The amount ot solar radiation in absence of the atmosphere incident on a horizontal surface at the next time
step.
Extraterrestrial direct normal radiation at
126 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
next timestep
The amount of solar radiation in absense of the atmosphere incident on a plane perpendicular to beam solar
radiation at the next time step.
Horizontal infrared radiation at next
127 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
The amount of infrared radiation incident per unit area on a horizontal surface at the next timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TMY weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–738
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.13. Standard Weather Files - Tmy2 - Simulation Start is

first line

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Tmy2\Simulation Start is first line\Type89b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] -1
Mode = 2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Global horizontal illuminance Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Direct normal illuminance Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–739
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

15 Zenith luminance Luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
16 Total sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
17 Opaque sky cover any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
18 Atmospheric pressure Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
19 Horizontal visibility Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Ceiling height Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Precipitable water any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Aerosol optical depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Snow depth any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
24 Days since last snowfall Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
25 Output 25 not used Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–740
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Diffuse horizontal radiation at next

111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Direct normal illuminance at next
113 Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure at next
118 Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Aerosol optical depth at next
122 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Days since last snowfall at next
124 Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TMY2 weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–741
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.14. Standard Weather Files - Tmy2 - Skip N Lines before

starting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Tmy2\Skip N Lines before starting\Type89d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-2;-2] -1
Mode = -2 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY2 weather
file and that the program should skip into the data file corresponding to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Global horizontal illuminanace Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Direct normal illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–742
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

14 Diffuse illuminance on horizontal Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–743
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Diffuse horizontal radiation at next

111 Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
112 Global illuminance at next timestep Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Direct normal illuminance at next
113 Illuminance Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
114 Diffuse illuminance at next timestep Illuminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
115 Zenith luminance at next timestep Luminance Luminance real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
116 Total sky cover at the next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
117 Opaque sky cover at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure at next
118 Pressure atm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
119 Horizontal visibility at Length km real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
120 Ceiling height at next timestep Length m real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
121 Precipitable water at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Aerosol optical depth at next
122 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep
123 Snow depth at next timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Days since last snowfall at next
124 Time day real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
timestep

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TMY2 weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–744
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.15. Standard Weather Files - Trnsys Tmy - Simulation Start

is first line

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Trnsys Tmy\Simulation Start is first line\Type89a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -1
Mode = 1 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY weather file
and that the first line in the data file corresponds to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Output 11 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

M M M M M M M
98 Output 98 not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–745
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0

The time at which the last values were read from the data file. This output is to be used strictly with the TYPE
16 radiation processor Input 19.
100 Time of next read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
Thetime at which the next values will be read from the data file. This output is to be strictly used with the
radiation processor Input 20.
101 Month at next timestep Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year at the next timestep.
102 Hour at next timestep Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year at the next timestep.
103 Direct normal at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Direct normal solar radiation at the next timestep. Used with the radiation smoothing option in the radiation
processor component.
104 Global horiz. at next timestep Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0;+Inf] 0
Global horizontal surface radiation at the next timestep. Used with the smoothing option in he radiation
processor.
105 Dry bulb at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature at the next timestep.
106 Humidity ratio at next timestep Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio at the next timestep.
107 Wind velocity at next timestep Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The wind velocity at the next timestep.
108 Wind direction at next timestep Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The wind direction at the next timestep.
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
109 Dew point at next timestep Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air at the next timestep.
Percent relative humidity at next
110 Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0
timestep
The percent relative humidity of the ambient air at the next timestep.

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TRNSYS TMY weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–746
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.2.16. Standard Weather Files - Trnsys Tmy - Skip N Lines

before starting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 89

Proforma Utility\Data Readers\Standard Weather Files\Trnsys Tmy\Skip N Lines before starting\Type89c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [-1;-1] -1
Mode = -1 specifies to the general data reader component that the file to be read is a TRNSYS TMY weather
file and that the program should skip into the data file corresponding to the simulation start time.
This parameter should not be changed!
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [10;30] 13
The logical unit through which the data reader will read the TMY weather file.

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Month Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The month of the year. (Not interpolated for timesteps less than 1 hour)
2 Hour Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year. (Interpolated at timesteps less than 1 hour)
3 Direct normal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The direct normal solar radiation integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at timesteps less than 1
hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
4 Global horizontal radiation Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The global solar radiation on a horizontal surface integrated over the previous hour. (Not interpolated at
timesteps less than one hour - use radiation processor to interpolate solar radiation)
5 Dry bulb temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dry bulb (ambient) temperature. (Interpolated at timestep less than one hour)
6 Humidity ratio Dimensionless - real [0.0;0.5] 0
The absolute humidity ratio of the ambient air. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
7 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The velocity of the wind. (Interpolated at timesteps of less than one hour)
8 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [0.0;360.0] 0
The direction from which the wind originates. (Interpolated for timesteps of less than one hour)
0 = North
90 = East
180 = South
270 = West
9 Dew point temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The dew point temperature of the ambient air.
10 Percent relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 0
The relative humidity of the ambient air (percentage).
11 Output 11 not used dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

M M M M M M M
98 Output 98 not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–747
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

99 Time of last read Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Which file contains the TRNSYS TMY weather information? Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type89.for

4–748
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.3. Forcing Function Sequencers

4.13.3.1. Unique Days and Holidays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 41

Proforma Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Unique Days and Holidays\Type41d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of profiles for each day dimensionless - integer [1;20] 0
2 Input set for day 1 dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
3 Input set for day 2 dimensionless - real [2;2] 0
4 Input set for day 3 dimensionless - integer [3;3] 0
5 Input set for day 4 dimensionless - integer [4;4] 0
6 Input set for day 5 dimensionless - integer [5;5] 0
7 Input set for day 6 dimensionless - integer [6;6] 0
8 Input set for day 7 dimensionless - integer [7;7] 0
9 Number of nonstandard days dimensionless - integer [1;365] 0
10 Input set for nonstandard days dimensionless - real [8;8] 0
11 Day of year for nonstandard day dimensionless - integer [1;365] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of nonstandard days 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 First day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Second day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Third day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Fourth day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Fifth day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Sixth day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Seventh day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Nonstandard day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
2-2 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
3-3 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
4-4 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
5-5 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

4–749
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

6-6 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

7-7 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
8-8 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Forcing function output for current day any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

4–750
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.3.2. Unique Days of the Week

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 41

Proforma Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Unique Days of the Week\Type41c.tmf

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Forcing function output for current day any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

4–751
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.3.3. Weekdays and Weekends

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 41

Proforma Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Weekdays and Weekends\Type41a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of profiles for each day dimensionless - integer [1;20] 0
2 Input set for day 1 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
3 Input set for day 2 dimensionless - real [1;2] 0
4 Input set for day 3 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
5 Input set for day 4 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
6 Input set for day 5 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
7 Input set for day 6 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
8 Input set for day 7 dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weekday input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Weekend input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
2-2 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Forcing function output for current day any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

4–752
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.3.4. Weekdays Weekends and Holidays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 41

Proforma Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Weekdays Weekends and Holidays\Type41b.tmf

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
11-11 Number of nonstandard days 1 100

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Weekday input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Weekend input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Nonstandard day input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
2-2 Number of profiles for each day 1 100
3-3 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Forcing function output for current day any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of profiles for each day 1 100

4–753
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4. Forcing Functions

4.13.4.1. General
Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\General\Type14h.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of function any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of the function at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Value at point any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The value of the function at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 100
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average value of function any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous value of function over the timestep any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the function at the end of the timestep.

4–754
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.2. Internal Gains

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Internal Gains\Type14c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The internal gains at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Internal gains at point Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The internal gains at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average internal gains Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the internal gain function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous internal gains Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the internal gain function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–755
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.3. Lighting

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Lighting\Type14d.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of lighting Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of lighting at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Lighting at point Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The value of lighting at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average lighting Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the lighting function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous lighting Power kJ/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the lighting function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–756
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.4. Occupancy
Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Occupancy\Type14a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial number of people Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 0
The number of people at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Occupancy at point Dimensionless - integer [0;+Inf] 2
The number of occupants at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average number of occupants Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average number of occupants over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous number of occupants Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the occupancy function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–757
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.5. Relative Humidity

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Relative Humidity\Type14f.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of relative humidity Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 5.0
The value of the relative humidity function at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Relative humidity at point Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 50.0
The value of the relative humidity function at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average relative humidity Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the relative humidity function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous relative humidity Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the relative humidity function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–758
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.6. Temperature

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Temperature\Type14e.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature at the initial value of time for the forcing function.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Temperature at point Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 10.0
The temperature at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the temperature function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the temperature function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–759
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.7. Water Draw

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Water Draw\Type14b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of function Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The water draw at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0.0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Water draw at point Flow Rate kg/hr real [0.0;+Inf] 0.0
The water draw at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average water draw Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the water draw function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous water draw Flow Rate kg/hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the water draw function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–760
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.4.8. Wind Speed

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 14

Proforma Utility\Forcing Functions\Wind Speed\Type14g.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Initial value of time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The initial value of time for the function. If the cycle is to repeat, this initial value of time must be set to 0.0.
2 Initial value of wind speed Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 5.0
The value of the wind speed function at the initial value of time.
3 Time at point Time hr real [0;+Inf] 1.0
The value of time at the specified data point.
4 Wind speed at point Dimensionless - real [0.0;100.0] 50.0
The value of the wind speed function at the specified data point.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
Besides the initial point, how many points make up the forcing
3-4 1 50
function?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Average wind speed Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the wind speed function over the timestep.
2 Instantaneous wind speed Dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The instantaneous value of the wind speed function occurring at the end of the timestep.

4–761
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.5. Holiday Calculator

4.13.5.1. American Holidays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 95

Proforma Utility\Holiday Calculator\American Holidays\Type95a.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [0;0] 0
2 Year any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Initial simulation start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Daylight savings time flag dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hour of day Time hr integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Hour of year Time hr integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Day of year Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Day of week Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Month any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Date Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Year2 any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Weekend Flag Dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Holiday flag dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–762
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.5.2. American plus user defined holidays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 95

Proforma Utility\Holiday Calculator\American plus user defined holidays\Type95b.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode dimensionless - integer [1;1] 0
2 Year any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Initial simulation start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Daylight savings time flag dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
5 Month of holiday any any integer [1;12] 0
6 Date of holiday Time day integer [1;31] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-6 How many holidays would you like to create? 1 18

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hour of day Time hr integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Hour of year Time hr integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Day of year Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Day of week Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Month any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Date Time day integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Year2 any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Weekend Flag dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Holiday flag dimensionless - integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–763
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.5.3. User Defined Holidays

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 95

Proforma Utility\Holiday Calculator\User Defined Holidays\Type95c.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] 0
2 Year any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Initial simulation start time Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
4 Daylight savings time flag Dimensionless - integer [1;2] 0
5 Month of holiday any any integer [1;12] 0
6 Date of holiday Time day integer [1;31] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
5-6 How many holidays would you like to define? 1 18

4–764
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.6. Input Value Recall

4.13.6.1. Input Value Recall

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 93

Proforma Utility\Input Value Recall\Type93.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Number of inputs to be stored Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 0
NOTE: The maximum value of inputs to be stored is 10. In addition, the product of the number of inputs to store
and the number of time steps to store must be less than or equal to 1000
2 Number of timesteps to be stored Dimensionless - integer [1;500] 0
NOTE: The maximum value of time steps to be stored is 500. In addition, the product of the number of inputs to
store and the number of time steps to store must be less than or equal to 1000

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input value any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of inputs to be stored 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Inp-Step any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The outputs are the recalled values of NI inputs for NT time steps, where NI is parameter 1 and NT is
parameter 2.
InpStep-j-k means "Input j, value at time step (current-k+1)
Examples:
InpStep-2-1 is the value of Input 2 at current time step
InputSequence-10-5 is the value of Input 10 4 time steps before the current one

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 Number of inputs to be stored 1 100
1-1 Number of timesteps to be stored 1 100

4–765
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.7. Integrators

4.13.7.1. Periodic Integrator

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 55

Proforma Utility\Integrators\Periodic Integrator\Type55.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Integrate or sum input Dimensionless - integer [-10;10] 1
This parameter indicates to the periodic integrator component whether this input should integrated with respect
to time or summed over the period of interest. If the input is to be integrated set this parameter equal to the
input number. If the input is to be summed instead, set this parameter to the negative of the input number. For
example, if the first input is to be summed over the time period and the second input is to be integrated with
respect to time, parameter 1 should be set to -1 and parameter 8 should be set to 2.
2 Relative starting hour for input Time hr real [-1;+Inf] 1.0
The relative starting hour of the period for the specified input (referenced to midnight).
For example, if the simulation start time is set to 1, and this parameter is set to 8, the periodic summary for this
input will begin at 8:00 am, not 9:00 am.
Example: The first input is to be investigated between 8 am and 10 am every day with monthly results expected
for March and April.
Answer: the value of this parameter should be 8
3 Duration for input Time hr real [-1.0;+Inf] 1.0
The length of time for which the specified input is to be evaluated after the relative starting hour is reached. By
specifying a value of -1 for this parameter, the summary period will run from the starting hour to the end of the
month.
Example: The first input is to be investigated between 8 am and 10 am every day with results expected for
March and April.
Answer: the value of this parameter should be 2
4 Cycle repeat time for input Time hr real [-1;+Inf] 24.0
The number of hours between the start of consecutive summary periods for the specified input. Specifying a
value of -1 indicates to the component that the cycles should repeat monthly.
Example: The first input is to be evaluated between 8 am and 10 am every day with monthly results expected
for March and April.
Answer: the value of this parameter should be 24
5 Reset time for input Time hr real [-1;+Inf] -1
The time interval over which the specified input is to be investigated before the outputs are reset to zero.
Specifing a value of -1 for this parameter indicates that the outputs are to be reset at the end of each month.
Example: An input is to be investigated between 8 am and 10 am every day with results expected for March
and April
Answer: the value of this parameter should be -1 (monthly reset)
6 Absolute starting hour for input Time hr real [0;+Inf] 0
The absolute starting hour for the periodic summary. This feature allows the periodic integrator to skip times at
which no information is desired for this input. For example, an input is to be investigated only in December of an
annual simulation. By setting this parameter to the first hour in December, significant calculation time is saved.
Be careful to have the absolute starting time less than the first hour of the year for which this input is to be
investigated.
7 Absolute stopping hour for input Time hr real [0;+Inf] 8760
The absolute stopping hour for the specified input. This parameter allows the periodic integrator routine to skip
times when no summary information is desired for this input. For example, periodic information is only desired

4–766
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

for January of an annual simulation. By setting this parameter to the last hour of January, significant calculation
time can be saved. Be sure to set this parameter greater than the last hour for which summary information is
desired.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be investigated with this
1-7 1 10
component?

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.
The input to be evaluated over the period specified by parameters:
1+(i-1)*7 through 7+(i-1)*7.
Make sure to integrate a rate and sum a quantity!

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be investigated with this
1-1 1 10
component?

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Integral of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The integral of the specified input with respect to time over the period specified by the parameter list.
2 Count of input any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The number of times the specified input was evaluated over the period specified by the parameter list.
3 Mean value of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The average value of the specified input over the time period.
Mean = Sum of Input/Count
4 Standard deviation of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sample standard deviation for the specified input over the time period. The lower the standard deviation,
the closer the inputs are grouped around the mean.
SSD = ((Sum of (Input - Mean)^2)/(Count-1))^0.5
5 Variance of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The variance of the specified input over the time period. The lower the variance, the closer the inputs are
grouped around the mean.
Variance = Sample Standard Deviation ^ 2
6 Sum of squares of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The sum of squares of the specified input over the time period. The sum of squares of an input is a measure of
how closely the inputs are grouped around the mean. The lower the SSQ, the closer the inputs are grouped
around the mean.
SSQ = Sum of (Inputs - Mean)^2
7 Minimum value of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The minimum value of the specified input occurring in the specified time period.
8 Time of minimum for input Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The hour of the year during which the minimum value of the specified input occurred in the time period.
9 Maximum value of input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The maximum value of the specified input occurring in the time period.
10 Time of maximum for input Time s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–767
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

The hour of the year at which the maximum value of the specified input occurred during the time period.

Cycles
Variable Associated
Interactive Question Min Max
Indices parameter
How many inputs are to be investigated with this
1-10 1 10
component?

4–768
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.7.2. Quantity Integrator

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 24

Proforma Utility\Integrators\Quantity Integrator\Type24.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Integration period Time hr real [-12;+Inf] 8760.0
The time interval over which the inputs are to be investigated. Theoutputs are reset to zero after each reset time
interval. If thereset time is set to a negative value, then units of months are assumed (if the reset time is set to -
2, then the reset time will be two months...)
2 Relative or absolute start time Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
This parameter controls whether the integration intervals are relative or absolute
0: integrate at time intervals relative to the simulation start time
1: integrate at absolute time intervals
For example, if the simulation start time is 0.5, the simulation time step is 0.25 and the integration interval (or
reset time) is 1: If this parameter is set to 0, reset will occur at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc. If this parameter is set to 1,
reset will occur at 1, 2, 3, etc.

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input to be integrated any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
Leave the initial value at zero unless you wish to add a constant to the integration results.
The constant added will be the initial value.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs should be integrated? 1 100

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Result of integration any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The result of the integration of the corresponding input. Output 1will be the result of the integration of Input 1
with respect to time.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs should be integrated? 1 100

4–769
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.8. Parameter replacement

4.13.8.1. Parameter replacement

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 70

Proforma Utility\Parameter replacement\Type70.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit number of file containing parameters any any integer [10;30] 0
2 Number of consecutive parameters to be replaced any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 The unit number in the deck to which the parameters belong any any integer [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many units' PARAMETERS are to be replaced? 1 50

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
File containing PARAMETERS to be replaced Logical unit number of file containing parameters
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type70.for

4–770
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.9. Unit Conversion Routine

4.13.9.1. Unit Conversion Routine

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 57

Proforma Utility\Unit Conversion Routine\Type57.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Table Nb. for input Dimensionless - integer [1;25] 1
The table number corresponding to the dimension of the specified input. Refer to section 4.1.12 of Volume 1 -
TRNSYS Reference Manual for more details.
Temperature=1; Length=2; Area=3; Volume=4; Specific Volume=5; Velocity=6; Mass=7; Density=8; Force=9;
Pressure=10; Energy=11; Power=12; Specific Energy=13 (h,u); Specific Heat=14; Flowrate=15; Volumetric
Flowrate=16; Flux=17; Thermal Conductivity=18; Heat Transfer Coeff.=19; Dynamic Viscosity=20; Kinematic
Viscosity=21
Misc.=22
2 ID number from table for input Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 1
The number corresponding to the units of the specified inputs from the table specified in the previous
parameter. See table in section 4.1.12 of Volume 1 - TRNSYS Reference manual for more details.
3 ID number from table for output Dimensionless - integer [1;10] 2
The identification number corresponding to the desired output units from the table specified two parameters
previous.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-3 How many inputs are to have their units converted ? 1 20

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Input any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0.0
The specified input that it to have its units converted according to parameters:
3*(i-1) + 1
3*(i-1) + 2
3*(i-1) + 3
For example, input number 3 will be converted to a new unit system based on parameters 10,11, and 12.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
1-1 How many inputs are to have their units converted ? 1 20

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Output any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Output i is equal to input i after the unit conversion process.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

4–771
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

1-1 How many inputs are to have their units converted ? 1 20

4–772
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.13.10. Utility Rate Schedule Processors

4.13.10.1. Utility Rate Schedule Processors

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 96

Proforma Utility\Utility Rate Schedule Processors\Type96.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Logical unit for rate schedule input file Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
2 Logical unit for text output Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
3 Logical unit for spreadsheet output Dimensionless - integer [10;+Inf] 0
4 Switch to observe off-peak weekend rates Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
5 Switch to observe off-peak holiday rates dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
6 Maximum excess power Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Hour of the day Time hr real [0;24] 0
2 Hour of the year Time hr real [0;8760] 0
3 Month any any real [0;12] 0
4 Year any any real [0;+Inf] 0
5 Building load Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Flag indicating weekend Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
7 Flag indicating holiday Dimensionless - integer [0;1] 0
8 Parallel generation Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Useage rate any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
2 Monthly demand rate any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
3 Net load Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
4 Power purchased from utility Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
5 Power sold to utility Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
6 Instantaneous value of power purchased any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
7 Instantaneous value of power sold any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
8 Instantaneous savings from parallel generation any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
9 Instantaneous parallel fraction dimensionless - real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
10 Total instantaneous losses Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
11 Instantaneous value of load any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
12 Cumulative utility bill any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
13 Useful parallel generation Power W real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–773
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Where is the utility rate schedule input file .\Examples\Data Files\Type96- Logical unit for rate
located? UtilityRateScheduler.dat schedule input file
Where should the text based utility bill
UtilityBill.txt Logical unit for text output
output file be created?
Where should the spreadsheet utility bill Logical unit for
UtilityBill.dat
output file be created? spreadsheet output
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type96.for

4–774
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.14. Weather Data Reading and Processing

4.14.1. Standard Format

4.14.1.1. German TRY

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 109

Proforma Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\German TRY\Type109-TRY.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Data Reader Mode Dimensionless - integer [3;3] -2
The mode of the weather data reader 109 : The value 3 means that Type 109 will read a Standard weather file
in the German TRY format
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
3 Sky model for diffuse radiation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 0
This parameter selects the sky model used to calculate diffuse radiation on tilted surfaces.
1: Isotropic sky model
2: Hay and Davies model
3: Reindl model
4: Perez model
Note: The Perez model is usually considered to be the best available model
4 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1.0
This parameter is used to indicate that the surfaces on which the tilted surface radiation is calculated are
tracking the sun.
1: Fixed surface
2: Single axis tracking, vertical axis (fixed slope, variable azimuth)
3: Single-axis tracking, axis is in the plane of the surface
4: Two-axis tracking

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ground reflectance Dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located.Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 forground covered by snow.
2 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [0;+Inf] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positivewhen tilted in the direction of the azimuth. 0 =
Horizontal90 = Vertical facing toward azimuthRefer to the abstract for details on slope specification for
trackingsurfaces.
3 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian andthe projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontalplane.0 = Facing equater90 = Facing west180 = Facing north270 = Facing eastRefer to the

4–775
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

abstract for deatils on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient temperature
2 relative humidity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient relative humidity
3 wind velocity Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
wind speed
4 wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
N=0°, E=90°, etc.
5 Atmospheric pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure
6 userdefined data 2 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 userdefined data 3 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 userdefined data 4 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 beam radiation on horitonzal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 sky diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 ground reflected diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 angle of incidence on horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 slope of horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 total radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
19 beam radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 sky diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 ground reflected diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–776
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

22 angle of incidence for tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 slope of tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
18-23 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Weather data file .\Examples\Data Files\Type109-German-TRY-Format.try Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type109.f90

4–777
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.14.1.2. German VDI

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 109

Proforma Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\German VDI\Type109-VDI.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Data Reader Mode Dimensionless - integer [900;999] -2
The mode of the weather data reader 109 : Mode 9xy corresponds to data for the German VDI 2078 standard.
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
3 Sky model for diffuse radiation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 0
This parameter selects the sky model used to calculate diffuse radiation on tilted surfaces.
1: Isotropic sky model
2: Hay and Davies model
3: Reindl model
4: Perez model
Note: The Perez model is usually considered to be the best available model
4 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1.0
This parameter is used to indicate that the surfaces on which the tilted surface radiation is calculated are
tracking the sun.
1: Fixed surface
2: Single axis tracking, vertical axis (fixed slope, variable azimuth)
3: Single-axis tracking, axis is in the plane of the surface
4: Two-axis tracking

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–778
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ambient temperature
2 relative humidity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient relative humidity
3 wind velocity Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
wind speed
4 wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
N=0°, E=90°, etc.
5 Atmospheric pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure
6 userdefined data 2 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 userdefined data 3 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 userdefined data 4 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 beam radiation on horitonzal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 sky diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 ground reflected diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 angle of incidence on horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 slope of horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 total radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
19 beam radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 sky diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 ground reflected diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 angle of incidence for tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 slope of tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
18-23 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter

4–779
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Weather data file .\Examples\Data Files\Type109-German-VDI-Data-VDI2078.wet Logical unit

Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type109.f90

4–780
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.14.1.3. Japan

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 109

Proforma Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\Japan\Type109-AMeDAS.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Data Reader Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -2
The mode of the weather data reader 109 : The value 2 means that Type 109 will read a Standard weather file
in a format understood by TRNSYS
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
3 Sky model for diffuse radiation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 0
This parameter selects the sky model used to calculate diffuse radiation on tilted surfaces.
1: Isotropic sky model
2: Hay and Davies model
3: Reindl model
4: Perez model
Note: The Perez model is usually considered to be the best available model
4 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1.0
This parameter is used to indicate that the surfaces on which the tilted surface radiation is calculated are
tracking the sun.
1: Fixed surface
2: Single axis tracking, vertical axis (fixed slope, variable azimuth)
3: Single-axis tracking, axis is in the plane of the surface
4: Two-axis tracking

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–781
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ambient temperature
2 Relative humidity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient relative humidity
3 Wind velocity Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
wind speed
4 Wind direction Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
N=0°, E=90°, etc.
5 Atmosphric radiation Flux W/m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure
6 Hourly precipitation Length mm real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 Sunshine duration Time hr real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 Not used any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 Extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 Solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 Solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 Total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 Beam radiation on horitonzal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 Sky diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 Ground reflected diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 Angle of incidence on horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 Slope of horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 Total radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
19 Beam radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 Sky diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 Ground reflected diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 Angle of incidence for tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 Slope of tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
18-23 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter

4–782
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Weather data file .\Examples\Weather Data\Tokyo.109 Logical unit

Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type109.f90

4–783
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.14.1.4. TMY2

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 109

Proforma Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\TMY2\Type109-TMY2.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Data Reader Mode Dimensionless - integer [2;2] -2
The mode of the weather data reader 109 : The value 2 means that Type 109 will read a Standard weather file
in the TMY2 format
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
3 Sky model for diffuse radiation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 0
This parameter selects the sky model used to calculate diffuse radiation on tilted surfaces.
1: Isotropic sky model
2: Hay and Davies model
3: Reindl model
4: Perez model
Note: The Perez model is usually considered to be the best available model
4 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1.0
This parameter is used to indicate that the surfaces on which the tilted surface radiation is calculated are
tracking the sun.
1: Fixed surface
2: Single axis tracking, vertical axis (fixed slope, variable azimuth)
3: Single-axis tracking, axis is in the plane of the surface
4: Two-axis tracking

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

4–784
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

ambient temperature
2 relative humidity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient relative humidity
3 wind velocity Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
wind speed
4 wind direction Direction (Angle) Degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
N=0°, E=90°, etc.
5 Atmospheric pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure
6 userdefined data 2 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 userdefined data 3 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 userdefined data 4 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 beam radiation on horitonzal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 sky diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 ground reflected diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 angle of incidence on horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 slope of horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 total radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
19 beam radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 sky diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 ground reflected diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 angle of incidence for tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 slope of tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
18-23 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter

4–785
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

Weather data file .\Weather\US-TMY2\US-WI-Madison-14837.tm2 Logical unit

Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type109.f90

4–786
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

4.14.2. User Format

4.14.2.1. User Format

Icon TRNSYS Model Type 109

Proforma Weather Data Reading and Processing\User Format\Type109-User.tmf

PARAMETERS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Data Reader Mode Dimensionless - integer [1;1] -2
The mode of the weather data reader 109 : The value 1 means that Type 109 will read a weather file in Type
109's user format (see manual for details)
2 Logical unit Dimensionless - integer [30;999] 0
This parameter sets the Fortran Logical Unit (File reference number) of the output file. It is used internally by
TRNSYS to refer to the file. This parameter will automatically be assigned to a unique value by the TRNSYS
Studio
3 Sky model for diffuse radiation Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 0
This parameter selects the sky model used to calculate diffuse radiation on tilted surfaces.
1: Isotropic sky model
2: Hay and Davies model
3: Reindl model
4: Perez model
Note: The Perez model is usually considered to be the best available model
4 Tracking mode Dimensionless - integer [1;4] 1.0
This parameter is used to indicate that the surfaces on which the tilted surface radiation is calculated are
tracking the sun.
1: Fixed surface
2: Single axis tracking, vertical axis (fixed slope, variable azimuth)
3: Single-axis tracking, axis is in the plane of the surface
4: Two-axis tracking

INPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ground reflectance dimensionless - real [0.0;1.0] 0.2
The reflectance of the ground above which the surface is located.Typical values are 0.2 for ground not covered
by snow and 0.7 forground covered by snow.
2 Slope of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [0;+Inf] 0.0
The slope of the surface or tracking axis. The slope is positive when tilted in the direction of the azimuth. 0 =
Horizontal, 90 = Vertical facing toward azimuth. Refer to the abstract for details on slope specification for
tracking surfaces.
3 Azimuth of surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0.0
The solar azimuth angle is the angle between the local meridian and the projection of the line of sight of the sun
onto the horizontalplane. 0 = Facing equator, 90 = Facing west, 180 = Facing north, 270 = Facing east. Refer to
the manual for details on the azimuth parameter for tracking surfaces.

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max
2-3 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

4–787
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

OUTPUTS
Name Dimension Unit Type Range Default
1 Ambient temperature Temperature C real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient temperature
2 relative humidity any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
ambient relative humidity
3 wind velocity Velocity m/s real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
wind speed
4 wind direction Direction(Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
The user must make sure that the convention is in accord with the components using this information.
5 Atmospheric pressure Pressure Pa real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Atmospheric pressure
6 userdefined data 2 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 5).
7 userdefined data 3 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 6).
8 userdefined data 4 any any real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eigth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 7)
9 extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Ninth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 8).
10 solar zenith angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Tenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 9).
11 solar azimuth angle Direction (Angle) degrees real [-360;+360] 0
Eleventh value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 10).
12 total radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Twelfth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 11).
13 beam radiation on horitonzal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Thirteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 12).
14 sky diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fourteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 13).
15 ground reflected diffuse radiation on horizontal Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Fifteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 14).
16 angle of incidence on horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Sixteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 15).
17 slope of horizontal surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Seventeenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 > 16).
18 total radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
Eighteenth value read from data file (if PAR 2 = 18).
19 beam radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
20 sky diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
21 ground reflected diffuse radiation on tilted surface Flux kJ/hr.m^2 real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
22 angle of incidence for tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0
23 slope of tilted surface Direction (Angle) degrees real [-Inf;+Inf] 0

Cycles
Variable Indices Associated parameter Interactive Question Min Max

4–788
TRNSYS 16 – Input - Output - Parameter Reference

18-23 How many surfaces are to be evaluated by This Type 109? 1 16

EXTERNAL FILES
Question File Associated parameter
Weather data file .\Examples\Data Files\Type109-UserFormat.109 Logical unit
Source file .\SourceCode\Types\Type109.f90

4–789

01 - Introduction To Trnsys
No ratings yet
01 - Introduction To Trnsys
18 pages
02 SimulationStudio
No ratings yet
02 SimulationStudio
127 pages
Type 56 05-MultizoneBuilding
No ratings yet
Type 56 05-MultizoneBuilding
229 pages
Trnsys Tutorial
100% (6)
Trnsys Tutorial
79 pages
Tesslibs 17: Controls Component Library Mathematical Reference
No ratings yet
Tesslibs 17: Controls Component Library Mathematical Reference
36 pages
00 Trnsys18 MainMenu
No ratings yet
00 Trnsys18 MainMenu
1 page
Attachment 0
No ratings yet
Attachment 0
74 pages
04-MathematicalReference TRNSYS
No ratings yet
04-MathematicalReference TRNSYS
474 pages
TRNSYS 17 Volume 4 Mathematical Reference PDF
0% (1)
TRNSYS 17 Volume 4 Mathematical Reference PDF
486 pages
Recitation 4 PDF
No ratings yet
Recitation 4 PDF
16 pages
Trnsys16 Installationguide
No ratings yet
Trnsys16 Installationguide
6 pages
04-MathematicalReference
No ratings yet
04-MathematicalReference
705 pages
Thermochemistry
No ratings yet
Thermochemistry
48 pages
ProgrammersGuide PDF
No ratings yet
ProgrammersGuide PDF
187 pages
01 GettingStarted
No ratings yet
01 GettingStarted
9 pages
06 MultizoneBuilding PDF
No ratings yet
06 MultizoneBuilding PDF
213 pages
Solar Refrigeration
100% (1)
Solar Refrigeration
31 pages
13 Unit 9-Thermodynamics-2020
No ratings yet
13 Unit 9-Thermodynamics-2020
71 pages
Departure Functions
No ratings yet
Departure Functions
38 pages
Component Library Trnsys
No ratings yet
Component Library Trnsys
90 pages
Chapter 14
No ratings yet
Chapter 14
14 pages
09 Tutorials
No ratings yet
09 Tutorials
220 pages
Trnsys Updates
No ratings yet
Trnsys Updates
36 pages
MI_FISAC
No ratings yet
MI_FISAC
16 pages
Air cooled heat exchanger design report
No ratings yet
Air cooled heat exchanger design report
49 pages
02 SimulationStudio PDF
No ratings yet
02 SimulationStudio PDF
126 pages
TessComponentLibraries_v2x
No ratings yet
TessComponentLibraries_v2x
32 pages
Instruction Trnsys 16 Exercises 2007
No ratings yet
Instruction Trnsys 16 Exercises 2007
12 pages
Heat Index Presentation
No ratings yet
Heat Index Presentation
16 pages
06 TRNEdit
No ratings yet
06 TRNEdit
95 pages
Component Library Overview
No ratings yet
Component Library Overview
90 pages
T17Updates PDF
No ratings yet
T17Updates PDF
17 pages
03 ComponentLibraryOverview译文
No ratings yet
03 ComponentLibraryOverview译文
173 pages
Trnsys17 Installationguide
No ratings yet
Trnsys17 Installationguide
7 pages
08 ProgrammersGuide
No ratings yet
08 ProgrammersGuide
121 pages
Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes - Material and Energy Balances, Second Edition PDF
100% (2)
Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes - Material and Energy Balances, Second Edition PDF
1 page
10 Examples
No ratings yet
10 Examples
57 pages
01 GettingStarted
No ratings yet
01 GettingStarted
87 pages
05 MathematicalReference PDF
No ratings yet
05 MathematicalReference PDF
484 pages
TRNSYS Course
No ratings yet
TRNSYS Course
2 pages
01 GettingStarted
No ratings yet
01 GettingStarted
80 pages
Energy Saving Analysis and Thermal Performance
No ratings yet
Energy Saving Analysis and Thermal Performance
19 pages
Copy of Ol_Ig Chemical Energetics Notes 2025
No ratings yet
Copy of Ol_Ig Chemical Energetics Notes 2025
20 pages
01 GettingStarted PDF
No ratings yet
01 GettingStarted PDF
80 pages
03 ComponentLibraryOverview PDF
No ratings yet
03 ComponentLibraryOverview PDF
101 pages
11-07-21 - JR - Iit - Star Co-Sc (Model-A) - Jee Adv - 2015 (P-I) - Wat-10 - QP
No ratings yet
11-07-21 - JR - Iit - Star Co-Sc (Model-A) - Jee Adv - 2015 (P-I) - Wat-10 - QP
20 pages
Introduction to TRNSYS
No ratings yet
Introduction to TRNSYS
25 pages
04 MathematicalReference
No ratings yet
04 MathematicalReference
474 pages
05 MultizoneBuilding
No ratings yet
05 MultizoneBuilding
227 pages
Tesslibs 17: Applications Library Mathematical Reference
No ratings yet
Tesslibs 17: Applications Library Mathematical Reference
41 pages
07 Vaja - TRNSYS-Getting - Started
No ratings yet
07 Vaja - TRNSYS-Getting - Started
32 pages
CRET Class 01 - 10 - 2013
No ratings yet
CRET Class 01 - 10 - 2013
15 pages
Mapa de Eficiencia Del Compresor LP PDF
No ratings yet
Mapa de Eficiencia Del Compresor LP PDF
3 pages
00 Trnsys16 MainMenu
No ratings yet
00 Trnsys16 MainMenu
1 page
coupling_TRNSYS_MOO1
No ratings yet
coupling_TRNSYS_MOO1
31 pages
TRNSYS Damper
No ratings yet
TRNSYS Damper
8 pages
Coek - Info - Modeling and Simulation of Solar Water Heater A TR
No ratings yet
Coek - Info - Modeling and Simulation of Solar Water Heater A TR
18 pages
Transport of Heat by Conduction Conduction and Convection
No ratings yet
Transport of Heat by Conduction Conduction and Convection
11 pages
05 MultizoneBuilding PDF
No ratings yet
05 MultizoneBuilding PDF
230 pages
01-GettingStarted
No ratings yet
01-GettingStarted
9 pages
Temperature Calibration Depths of Immersion
No ratings yet
Temperature Calibration Depths of Immersion
7 pages
trnsys18-installationguide
No ratings yet
trnsys18-installationguide
7 pages
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS-III (1) 1st Slide
No ratings yet
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS-III (1) 1st Slide
41 pages
Black-Box Modeling of Redidential HVAC System and Comparison of Gray Box and Black Box Modeling Methods
No ratings yet
Black-Box Modeling of Redidential HVAC System and Comparison of Gray Box and Black Box Modeling Methods
29 pages
VRV X Catalogue
No ratings yet
VRV X Catalogue
54 pages
(Florian Scheck (Auth.) ) Statistical Theory of Hea (B-Ok - Xyz) PDF
100% (3)
(Florian Scheck (Auth.) ) Statistical Theory of Hea (B-Ok - Xyz) PDF
240 pages
05 MultizoneBuilding
No ratings yet
05 MultizoneBuilding
230 pages
Conduction
No ratings yet
Conduction
34 pages
Artigo - 1865 - Rodolf Clausius - Nascimento Da Entropia
No ratings yet
Artigo - 1865 - Rodolf Clausius - Nascimento Da Entropia
3 pages
Mid Term BMMH 3533 Question
No ratings yet
Mid Term BMMH 3533 Question
4 pages
P P W V: MEEN 310-Thermodynamics II Exam 1 Equation Sheet
No ratings yet
P P W V: MEEN 310-Thermodynamics II Exam 1 Equation Sheet
5 pages
ArmaGelDT - TDS - EN-Dual Temp
No ratings yet
ArmaGelDT - TDS - EN-Dual Temp
4 pages
Physics SS 1 Questions
No ratings yet
Physics SS 1 Questions
4 pages
Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering UNIT V Presentation PDF
No ratings yet
Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering UNIT V Presentation PDF
70 pages
ME211 HW6 Solution
No ratings yet
ME211 HW6 Solution
7 pages
Bimetal Thermometers ASHCROFT 50EI
No ratings yet
Bimetal Thermometers ASHCROFT 50EI
1 page
A2-TESSLibs
No ratings yet
A2-TESSLibs
2 pages
Vapour Absorption System Notes
100% (1)
Vapour Absorption System Notes
12 pages
MEHB323 Tutorial Assignment 5 (Transient) PDF
No ratings yet
MEHB323 Tutorial Assignment 5 (Transient) PDF
2 pages
A3 Hima 1
No ratings yet
A3 Hima 1
1 page
Wind Resource Assessment: A Practical Guide to Developing a Wind Project
From Everand
Wind Resource Assessment: A Practical Guide to Developing a Wind Project
Michael Brower
5/5 (1)
Flow and Heat Exchange in Engineering
From Everand
Flow and Heat Exchange in Engineering
Jaideep Devgan
No ratings yet
Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing
From Everand
Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing
Mohamed Najim
No ratings yet
Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, Specification Development
From Everand
Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, Specification Development
Christian Lalanne
No ratings yet
Practices for Interim Storage of Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel
From Everand
Practices for Interim Storage of Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel
IAEA
No ratings yet
Stack Computers: The New Wave
From Everand
Stack Computers: The New Wave
Philip Koopman
No ratings yet
Post-irradiation Examination Techniques for Research Reactor Fuels
From Everand
Post-irradiation Examination Techniques for Research Reactor Fuels
IAEA
No ratings yet
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development
From Everand
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development
Moe Toghraei
4/5 (4)
Turbine Thermal Appraisal: A Spreadsheet Approach
From Everand
Turbine Thermal Appraisal: A Spreadsheet Approach
Ernesto Novillo
No ratings yet
Bulk Material Handling: Practical Guidance for Mechanical Engineers
From Everand
Bulk Material Handling: Practical Guidance for Mechanical Engineers
Michael Rivkin Ph.D.
5/5 (1)

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.