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Uniform Circular Motion - Lec

(1) Uniform circular motion is motion at a constant speed in a circular path. The direction of the velocity vector changes constantly even though the speed is constant. (2) Centripetal acceleration points toward the center of the circle and has a magnitude of v^2/r, where v is the speed and r is the radius of the circular path. (3) In vertical circular motion, the speed and normal force vary throughout the circular path while the centripetal force comes from the net force of gravity and the normal force.

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21 views18 pages

Uniform Circular Motion - Lec

(1) Uniform circular motion is motion at a constant speed in a circular path. The direction of the velocity vector changes constantly even though the speed is constant. (2) Centripetal acceleration points toward the center of the circle and has a magnitude of v^2/r, where v is the speed and r is the radius of the circular path. (3) In vertical circular motion, the speed and normal force vary throughout the circular path while the centripetal force comes from the net force of gravity and the normal force.

Uploaded by

rezaewewqewqe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Uniform Circular

Motion
Uniform Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion is the


motion of an object traveling at a
constant (uniform) speed on a
circular path. r
Uniform circular motion emphasizes that
1. The speed, or the magnitude of the velocity
vector, is constant.
2. Direction of the vector is not constant.
3. Change in direction, means acceleration
4. “Centripetal acceleration” , it points toward
the center of the circle.

3
Centripetal Acceleration

Magnitude ac of the centripetal acceleration


depends on the speed v of the object and the
radius r of the circular path. ac=v2/r
∆v in velocity divided by the elapsed time ∆t
or a= ∆v / ∆t
Sector of the circle COP.

∆t is very small, the arc


length OP is approximately
a straight line whose length
is the distance v ∆t
traveled by the object.

5
COP is an isosceles triangle. Both triangles
have equal apex angles θ .
∆v v∆t
=
v r
∆v / ∆t
ac=v2/r
The direction is toward the center of the circle.

6
We can also express the centripetal
acceleration in terms of the period T, the
time for one revolution:

In terms of the period,


Net force, acceleration, and velocity in
uniform circular motion.
Uniform circular motion, like all
other motion of a particle, is
governed by Newton’s second
law. To make the particle
accelerate toward the center of
the circle, the net force on the
particle must always be directed
toward the center. The
magnitude of the acceleration is
constant, so the magnitude of
the net force must also be
constant. If the inward net force
stops acting, the particle flies off
in a straight line tangent to the
circle.
Vertical Circular Motion

Usually, the speed varies in this stunt.


“non-uniform”
2 2
(1) F − mg =
mv1 mv
(3) FN 3 + mg =
3
N1
r r
=FC1 =FC3

mv22 mv42
(2) FN 2 = (4) FN 4 =
r r
=FC2 =FC4
The magnitude of the normal force changes, because
the speed changes and the weight does not have the
same effect at every point.
The weight is tangent to the circle at points 2
and 4 and has no component pointing toward
the center. If the speed at each of the four
places is known, along with the mass and
radius, the normal forces can be determined.

They must have at least a minimum speed at the


top of the circle to remain on the track. v3 is a
minimum when FN3 is zero. v3 = rg

Weight mg provides all the centripetal force. The


rider experiences an apparent weightlessness.

13
A child of mass m rides on a Ferris wheel as shown in
Figure. The child moves in a vertical circle of radius 10.0 m
at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s. Determine the force exerted
by the seat on the child at the bottom and at the top of the
ride.
An object is traveling at constant speed around a
circular path. What happens to the centripetal
acceleration of the object if the speed is doubled?
A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same.
B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of
2.
C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of
4.
D) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor
of one-half.
E) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor
of one-fourth.
Figure shows two identical stones attached to cords that are in circles on a
frictionless tabletop at the same speed. The radius of the larger circle is twice
that of the smaller circle. How is the tension T1 in the longer cord related to
the tension T2 in the shorter cord?

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