25th March 2024

CIRCULAR MOTION Monday

G Why do objects move on a circular

path
Whenever resultant force on an is perpendicular
object
to its and the
velocity force continuously remains
constant and to the then the
perpendicular velocity
will be circular
path

v
A force
U
n 190 being
V perpendicular will
9oz continuously change
if the direction of
n
 V
u the object
7 f F giving
it a
circular
Ur
path
This force is called
if
as
centripetal force
A it is directed
r s Cv toward the
centre

Terms related to circular motion

with
uniform
a
and
circular motion constant radius angular
speed B

T Are AB
D En
Oradiu

A E
Angular displacement
Angle subtended at the centre of
the circle by the line of radius
for an

object moving around the of the

circumference
circle
symbol O SIunit radian
represent rad
radian
Definition of

Aoc length radius

Joadian

r
21
2rad
I
Definition of radian
Angle at the centre of a sector
will be radian the arc
one when
length
is equal to the radius

arc
length
must be
in Arc α
radians length angle in
radians

9 Use
definition of radian to show that arc
radius Angle in radians
length
Arc Angle in radians
length
efin.it annof or I oadian
 S O

5 00

Arc
length radius
Angle in rad

G radians to show that

Use
definition of angle in
a circle one revolution 27rad
complete

Arclength Angle
h
r 1rad definition of ocdian

for complete 278 0

circle
 Or 278 1

10 258

0 20 27

Angle in a
complete circle 27 radian

of
Angular speed Angular velocity

time DE
IDO

A
 change of angle angular velocity
unit time
per
Angular velocity is rate of change of angular
displacement

is
Symbol for angular velocity w

DO rad
W Unit dad s
It second

Angular speed or
angular velocity is rate of
change of angular displacement
Q
An is in a
object moving
circle as shown The

The frequency of the object

object is and its time
is
fT
period
a Show that w

for one revolution

DO 27rad
time DE T

W
 Since if
We 2 2 2 2
141 7 We
forage

Enample
The moon rotates about its own anis
with time period
of 27.2
days Find angular
a

speed of the moon

At T 272 24 6 60

1 2 07 10 toad s
227 24
4
Linear speed in a circular motion 26th March 2024

Tuesday
Distance covered in one
evolution D 2 6
circumference
time taken for one revolution
V time period T
If
V 2 0
f
V
2x̅of
Relation b w V and W

W 2 V
271
 V
12

V w 8

trample An object moves n'revolutions

minute in
per
orbit
while moving a circular
frequency of revolution f
a State f in terms of n

time revolution of n

1 f
f
60s
f
n

n 8 p.m revolutions minute

per
b An was about its own
object rotating 2000
anis the object makes revolutions

per minute
find time period of the
rotation
605 2000
1s T

003 seconds

I find angular speed of the object

2 209.4rad s

9 A CD player plays a CD disk with

Diameter'D with an o.p.me of n seu min
ai Time period of rotation of CD disk T
state T in terms of N and D

gen time NT 60

N 60 T 61
1 T N

i disk
Angular speed of terms w

and D
state w in
of N

If
W
If
W
If
b Linear the at the
speed of point edge of
disk v1 and another on the
disk
was
point
linear
has a
speed 43
V in D
1 State terms
of and N

V 2 T
115T
6 w 08 1 W

x̅N

1 what is the shortest distance of the

point
with
speed V13 from the centre of the
disk in terms of D U
N

Angular speed is same

from any distance u

 to n'in terms D
find of
V OW nw

v
I
w

20 DW

U
W

u
Dependence of V'and omega on
multiple
factors
1 Radius of rotation keeping T constant

B Effect on w

No
A effect
A B C
2 w is independen
on the radius

of totation It
only
on time
depends period
TA TB TC T
V
Effect on

da dbsdc
 de dB da

VC VB JUA

On a
rotating disk all the points have same
Linear speed increases we
angular speed as
towards the the disk
move
edge of from
the centre

WA WB WC

VA CU VC
 C
G 27th March 2024
B Wednesday

ha CAB re
A.MB.sc
RB

Fig 1 shows rotatic

a disc A B and C are
at distances the
points different from
centre As the disc rotates

I compare angular displacements of A B and C

OA 0 0
 Angular displacement
in independent of
radius

c
ii
compare
time period of rotation A B and
C

TA T Tc same time
period

Ii Compare angular speed of A B and C

WA WB Wc Qa Op 0
 TA TB TC T

WA WB We

Conclusion

disc
If multiple
then all
points
them have
on a
single rotating
of same angular
speed

v What is the relation between distance covered

Arclength A B and C with their
by
distances from centre radii of orbits

he 7dB 71A
de do da
V the linear B and C
Compare speed of A

Linear speed 2
Y

constant

linear speed α badius

Ac 1A

Vc Up VA
 IV and
2
Dependence of w on time
period keeping badius of orbit constant

i i n e e

seriod T period I period 25 period.IT period 4T

V v
w̅
w 3W
12 4
v 14
v
yY
 v
v
3V V 2
v V12

Change Effect on angularspeed Effect on

dingy
W 2X
Time period double T 21
oadius of revolution
half T
will become half
unchanged

Radius double no
effect I will become
time period constant double

w
r double half will be
T double unchanged
chgfwtyiekemotien cl B VB U

sad
79000
A

VA V

fig 1

In
figt
shown
an
with
object is
moving
in the
V
circle
a
uniform speed
a
Speed is uniform why is the velocity changing
to direction
Velocity is
changing due changing
In to B change
moving from A ofV velocity
is in terms
DV find AU
of
V VB
Leed
in
A
DV Up VA U V

Head to tail Method

ummmm
 Vfinal Vinitial V
Lg
790 VB VA U
VA V

VA

BL
DV CVJ Ñ
VA V DV
DV.fr 2T
DV V 1.41 V
V

n
 A
20m s

2
2 fig

2
An object is
moving
in the circle of fig
with speed 20ms find change in
velocity
in A
moving from to B
U VA 20m s DV V U

V
20m

24m
 DV
V 20M

a
20m15

DV I v2 v2

120 28 28
2011 ms

n
g 28th March 2024
Thursday

fig 1

An object in a circle as shown in

moving and
fig 1 Speed of light lows it moves
from
A to B in 0.5 seconds

A to B
a
find change of velocity from
U
DV V
1
10m s 10m51 20ms
 A to B 0.5 seconds
1 Time taken to move
from in

find distance covered from A to 13

2 find displacement
distance speed time
10ms 0 5
5 metres

change of displacement
D 20
TO JM
0 1 59

D 26 211.59 3.19
 Acceleration in a circular motion

In circular motion acceleration is

a
always
directed towards the centre of code and
hence to the
perpendicular circumference

Uniform acceleration
Acceleration
of constant
magnitude and direction In a circular motion
to acceleration its direction
changes
continuously thats why it is
nonuniform
9 What is condition to a V Can
apply
to
we
apply
a V
find acceleration in
a circular motion
a condition is that there should be uniform
VI
acceleration so it can't be applied on
circular motion as in circular motion
acceleration is non due to
uniform
continuously changing direction

a v

Q How will calculate acceleration at one

you
instantaneous acceleration
point
in a
uniform
circular motion

Steps
we the time to be
assume negligible
 calculated over time interval
Average
the
a
negligible
represents instantaneous value

calculated over
davenag a
instantaneous
a
negligible
time
B
Q
distance
3
Chord
Ad

A to in distance
An
object moves
from B a
 s time Dt
taking
a which of the following is correct

speed 1 average velocity

At

speed average velocity

A
e

State condition and ad almost

for s to be

equal r

s
 Dd

70

des

then
If Dt negligible

s ad

Arc length Length of

chord

Saad
VB V
B
 β VB
a
r
Dd f
nA

VA V
7

1 in circle
Fig shows an
object moving a

in a c w dejection with speed U'throughout

Represent change of displacement D8 from

A to
B
2 Also the velocity V at A and B
represent
 for the motion A to B Draw a vector
from
head tail method to
triangle using represent
DV
change of velocity
Head to tail method

Q DV FV

DV U A V 2
U
RLC Vp
UB V
AV 1 41 V

I show that change of velocity DV can be

as
given Dd
 Direction of'DV change of displacement
fffs
1st 2024
April
DV Dt Monday
average
d ᵗ At
ang If negligible
then red

distance disple
even

a
instantaneous
in

Enample
 An is in a
object moving
circle shown with a
speed
locon s Time period is 0.5 seconds

a The speed is constant

Why
the object
is accelerating
The object is
accelerating
because of change
of direction

ii calculate the radius the circle

of
2T 1 10 152 0.5 7 96
VII
a 10 m
2 7
bi find avg acceleration at
given instant
any
a
1 4
1
1 1 20ms
 2nd
Leetalcclerations April 2024

Tuesday
Acceleration perpendicular to motion
or that keeps an
object on a
velocity
circular
path

i
V

Basically it is instantaneous acceleration moving

in circle and it
given by
a is

speed
radius
 Catheter is
centripetal force force
needed towards the centre circle
to keep
ofon a
a circular
an
object moving
it is perpendicular to the motion and
path
is by mass
given speeds
radius

Enample 1

Weasoner
fig 1 shows a
pendulum oscillating The rope or

the thread is inentensible

bob
a
Why is the path of pendulum an
arc
of a circle

Since the inentensible so the

is distance
rope
of the pendulum 606 from point A is
same the motion thats
always during
the the 606 is
why path of
circle
pendulum
an arc
of a

6 A student states that there are three

the bob which
forces on
pendulum are
tension in the
rope weight and the
that
centripetal force keeps the pendulum
 I
606 the circular out the
mistake
on
made
path point
the student correct it
by

Mistake
Centripetal force is not an individual
force itself but it is resultant other
of
forces present
Correction
There are two forces tension and
air resistance
weight only ignoring
Resultant of tension and is the
weight
centripetal force
Writing an
equation of centripetal force in
terms available
forces

all
the forces the
Identify acting on

object moving in the circle

f 3

fu coso
ft fad
f I
too

L fu
fu since
forces must be either the line of
along
 g
radius or must be the
they along
line of tangent If not then they
must be resolved the radius and
the
along
tangent
Ignore the the
forces along tangent

of forces sum of
Centripetal force sum
towards the
forces
away
centoe the
fromcentre

tcentripetal F1 fucose fa

ft fucoso f2
my
 y
Enample 1

2 shows in circle in
Fig an
object
moving a

horizontal plane forces ft and fs are acting

the f2 is
along horizontal plane acting
the anis
vertically
along y
a In terms of f 1 f 2 and fs write an

equation of centripetal force

 centripetal force Fs

b Give a reason to
ignore ft
It not contribute to the
will
centripetal force
ft is always at the tangent to circle
It will not have the radio
any component along
as it is perpendicular to the radius

i Give a reason to f2
ignore
The circular is in the
path horizontal plane
Fa is vertical so it is perpendicular to the
plane of the circle Any
force
that is

perpendicular to the plane of circle will not

contribute to the
centripetal force
Example 3rd 2024
April
u since these Wednesday
T is
no no vertical motion of acceleration
Tcosd so Tcosd
mg
99 Tsino

mg
fig 1 shows conical that moves in
a
pendulum
a circular motion instead of oscillating
The conical moves in
given pendulum horizontal
circle

a all the forces on shown

Represent
in
a
pendulum
fig 1 Ignoring air resistance
6 Write an
equation of centripetal force in
terms of T an d

is ignored the circular motion is

mg
in the
as

horizontal plane
Fc Tsino

i The length of the

rope is it and the rope is
inextensible The mass
of the object is m

V Sta
speed of the object in the circle is
in
an

terms
equation of
V I
centripetal
and 0
force
of m

Icoso
I
 I

dsino

Fc
If
ur Isind

Fc M

Isino
ii State v terms I and 0
in
of g
Fc Tsino

Fc
TITO
Tsino
The
Y 1
no
 gtano.es
gtandxdsinI V

Q
F u
1050 30
I 100cm

L o

figz
Q fig 2 shows a conical pendulum in which the
bob moves in a
horizontal circle Length of
 z
the rope is 100cm and the rope is inentensible

What is the
a value
of circumference of the
circle

sin a
In
sin 30

I 50 cm

2 an
2 x̅ 50cm
314 cm
I find the speed of the bob

Tsino
my
Tcoso mg
5
50
F fesino

stand
 g.r.to

V 9.81x50XI
2xtan3 V1 68 m s

AT
0
1
2 90000
Long
A pendulum bob of mass
200g is released
A
from point A
What will be the
It moves
at
from to B

the
tension
the K E
point during
motion
if of the 606 while
passino length of
is 20 Joules Given that
inextensible rope is 10.0cm

K E Fe T mg
IMV T
20
21 1200
10
3
V2 MY mg

20 v2

U
2005
14 V
14mF
 1

m T
tiny

t 0.219.81 T
144T
T 402 04 N
C
4th
4 April 2024
Thursday
B D

1
Position
Positigy
fig
1 DO A
 in tied
fig 2
to
shows
ineutensible rope
a stone
ofand mass

revolved in
an
being a

vertical circle as shown Air resistance is

ignored Two on the stone arethe
tension
forces
the and the
in
rope weight of the
stone

a Write an
equation for the centripetal force
in terms
of Tension T
weight mg and
and at 1
angle α
position

59
 Yng

mgsina
Yignored

Fc T cost
mg
6 In terms of mg T and 0 write an
equation
for centripetal fooce at 2
position
Cos 90 01 Sind
Sin 90 0 Cost

70
0
ugly
m9É
 g

fc T
mg sino
c The stone is whirled or revolved with a

constant
speed such that tension will
to
vary
point point
Ta tension at A

Tc tension at C
point
TB tension at B

TD tension at D

I Represent TA TB Tc TO on
fig 2
 VTC
JB

ATA Ving

ing
11 In terms of Ta TB Tc or To and write
mg
an
equation for
1
Centripetal force at Point A

Fc TA mg
centripetal force at D
point

mg is ignored as it is
perpendicular
to radius

Fc TD

Centripetal force at B

Fc at TB
Fior
v

mg
 Centripetal force at C

fc It mg lut
at c Tgv

Iii The stone has mass The

m
rope is
inentensible The stone is revolving with
a constant V1 the
speed Compare
at A B C and D
centripetal force
Fc
Mf constant
 Fc at A B D

Iv Compare TA TB Tc and TD Support your

answer
using equations of TA.TB.TL and TD
in terms
of my e and
g
Point Tension
to TA mg
A
mutting
Is tong TA

C ng

D Fc TB
TB
Fc mgtic of
mg To L TD
 CMI
Iv ing
u cafting
To 5T CTA

I Use the answer

of previous parts to predict
a
position where

1 has chances slack

Rope max
of becoming

At C as Tc is minimum

2 chances of
Maximum
rope being broken
At point A as TA is maximum
 P 5th 2024
April
Friday

centre

G A stone is tied to and is whirled in

rope
circle Length of the rope is 200 can

Mark P the circle at which

point on
a

the has manimum chances of being slack

rope
The
rope has man chances of being slack
at a
point where tension is
minimum
 1
Tension is minimum at the highest point
i find minimum speed needed for the
to become slack
tope not
I 0

mgr ta IT Titing
MI mg 70
V

T1
EI mg
of Ng
V
5
79.81
5 g
V
4.45ms Fga
v
In
 g

iii what will be the effect on the minimum

calculated the
speed in II
if length
of the rope is made doubled Answer
qualitatively
Umin
fr
Vmin α Fas g is constant

times
1min will become
doubled
if
length of rope is
Umin
V
for
he
rope
to not
become
 become
Slack

F length
y
y

vegf
vaf
u

6 Mass of the stone is 300g find the minimum

speed at which the will break
rope
that the rope breaks if tension enceeds
given
50 N
The has
rope maximum chances of breaking at
the lowest where the tension
point is
maximum

tension 50N
rtmax
Fc Tman mg
750
ting Tman
mfting
viii Tg

50 0 3 9.81
 F 7 81

8thApril 2024
4 1 on Monday

A bucket water is whirled

partially filled 200cm
with
in a circle of radius The water
may