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Circular Motion

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15 views26 pages

Circular Motion

Uploaded by

malonesdave4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Uniform Circular Motion

Circular Motion
• If a particle moves in a plane, such that its distance from a fix point
remains the constant, then its motion is circular motion with
respect to that point.
• This point is the center and the distance of particle from it is the
radius.

r
c
Rotational Motion
Angular Displacement
When object rotates about some axis, it rotates about its center-each point in
the object follows circular arc.
The rotation angle is the amount of rotation and is analogous to linear distance.
We define the rotation angle Δθ to be the ratio of the arc length to the radius of
curvature:

∆𝑠 2𝜋𝑟
∆𝜃 = = = 2π
𝑟 𝑟
Angular Velocity
➢Rate change of an angular displacement.
∆𝜃
𝜔=
∆𝑡
where
∆𝜃=angular rotation
∆𝑡= time interval
Angular Velocity
Angular velocity ω is analogous to linear velocity v.

∆𝑠 𝑟∆𝜃
𝑣= = = 𝑟𝜔
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

We can also call this linear speed v of a point


on the rim the tangential speed.
Angular Acceleration
-rate change in angular velocity.
∆𝜔 ∆𝑣
𝛼= =
∆𝑡 𝑟∆𝑡
𝜔𝑓
∆𝜔
𝐶 𝜔𝑜
Linear Kinematics and Rotational Kinematics
Quantity Linear / Angular
Tangential
distance (arc length) x rθ
tangential velocity v rω
tangential acceleration a ∆𝜔
∆𝑡
displacement x=vt θ=ωt
average velocity v = v + v0 ω = ω + ω0
2 2
kinematics eqn. #1 v = v0 + at ω = ω0 + αt
kinematics eqn. #2 x = v0t + ½ at2 θ = ω0t + ½ αt2
kinematics eqn. #3 v2 = v02 + 2ax ω2 = ω02 + 2αθ
Uniform Circular Motion
Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object traveling at a
constant (uniform) speed on a circular path

Let T (Period) be the time it takes for the object to


travel once around the circle.
2𝜋𝑟
𝑣=
𝑇
Tangential Velocity

𝑜
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 90
𝑜
𝛼 + 𝜃 = 90
𝛽=𝜃

a) For an object (•) in uniform circular motion, the velocity has different directions at different places on the circle.

(b) The velocity vector has been removed from point P, shifted parallel to itself, and redrawn with its tail at point O
Centripetal Acceleration

(a) The directions of the velocity vector at times t and t0 differ by the angle .
(b) When the object moves along the circle from O to P, the radius r traces
out the same angle . Here, the sector COP has been rotated clockwise by 90o
relative to its orientation
Centripetal Acceleration

Magnitude: The centripetal acceleration of


an object moving with a speed v on a circular
path of radius r has a magnitude ac given by
𝑣2 𝑟𝜔 2
𝑎𝑐 = = = 𝑟𝜔2
𝑟 𝑟
Direction: The centripetal acceleration vector
always points toward the center of the circle and
continually changes direction as the object
moves.
Centripetal Force
Recall’s Newton’s Second Law
When a net external force acts on an object of mass m, the acceleration that results
is directly proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is inversely
proportional to the mass. The direction of the acceleration is the same as the
direction of the net force.
σ 𝐹Ԧ
𝑎Ԧ =
𝑚
෍ 𝐹Ԧ = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ
Centripetal Force
➢Thus, in uniform circular motion there must be a
net force to produce the centripetal acceleration.
➢The centripetal force is the name given to the net
force required to keep an object moving on a
circular path.
➢The direction of the centripetal force always points
toward center of the circle and continually changes
direction as the object moves

𝑣2
𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚
𝑟
Conceptual Examples
Rounding Flat Curve
Rounding a Banked Curve
Conical Pendulum
Motion in a Vertical Circle

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