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Camel Intro 2

This document provides an overview and history of CAMEL, a software program for calculating air conditioning loads. Some key points: - CAMEL was originally developed in the 1970s by the Commonwealth Department of Works in Australia and has been distributed and supported by ACADS-BSG since 1981. - It is based on the Carrier air conditioning method for calculating cooling loads and has been updated over the years with PC and Windows versions. - The program uses a database of information on building materials, construction details, occupancy types, and HVAC systems to calculate cooling and heating loads. - Calculations consider factors like solar and transmission gains, internal loads, fresh air requirements, and storage effects

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Inventor Solidworks
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928 views34 pages

Camel Intro 2

This document provides an overview and history of CAMEL, a software program for calculating air conditioning loads. Some key points: - CAMEL was originally developed in the 1970s by the Commonwealth Department of Works in Australia and has been distributed and supported by ACADS-BSG since 1981. - It is based on the Carrier air conditioning method for calculating cooling loads and has been updated over the years with PC and Windows versions. - The program uses a database of information on building materials, construction details, occupancy types, and HVAC systems to calculate cooling and heating loads. - Calculations consider factors like solar and transmission gains, internal loads, fresh air requirements, and storage effects

Uploaded by

Inventor Solidworks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAMEL

Air Conditioning Load Calculations


ACADS-BSG
Building Services Software
Disclaimer
The information or advice contained in this document is intended
for use only by persons who have had adequate technical training
in the field to which the User Guide relates. The document has
been compiled as an aid only and the information or advice should
be verified before it is put to use by any person. The user should
also establish the applicability of the information or advice in
relation to any specific circumstances. While the information or
advice is believed to be correct ACADS-BSG, its officers,
employees and agents disclaim responsibility for any inaccuracies
contained within the document including those due to any
negligence in the preparation and publication of the said document.
History
• Calculation Program – Camel
• Developed by Commonwealth Dept. of Works mid
1970’s (Murray Mason & Tom Hamilton) – punch cards
• Based on Carrier Air Conditioning Method
• Distributed and supported by ACADS-BSG from 1981
- magnetic tape and punch cards
• PC versions developed by ACADS-BSG 1989
• Data Entry Camlin (DOS) developed by ACADS-BSG
• Windows versions from 1995
Data Base
Air Conditioning Cooling Load
THE CARRIER METHOD of Heat Load Estimation
Solar Glass :
Area x Peak Solar Gain x Correction Factors x Storage Load
Factor x Shade Factor

Solar & Transmission Gains – Walls & Roof :


Area x U Value x Effective Temp. Diff f (Absorption Coefficient)

Other Transmission Gains :


Glass – Area x U Value x ∆ T
Internal Partitions – Area x U Value x ∆ T

Internal Loads :
People – Number x Watts/person [sensible +latent]
Lights – kW x Storage Factor
Equipment Load – Sensible and Latent

Fresh Air :
Air Quantity x Specific Heat x ∆ T and Latent
Storage
Light, Medium Heavy
16 Hour Operation
12 Hour Operation
Storage Mass (kg/m2)
Mass per unit area of floor in kg/m2.
Used to determine storage load factors. (Refer Table 6, p.26 of
DA9). A value must be entered if glass or lighting loads exist.

The storage mass is determined by summing the total


mass of the external walls and roofs in the zone and the
total mass of any partitions, floors, and ceilings adjacent
to conditioned or unconditioned spaces.
If any partitions, floors or ceilings are adjacent to
conditioned spaces or if the floor is carpeted, use half the
mass for those areas.
For more details see the notes under Table 10 in DA9.
Building Rotation

Fig 3-20B Site Plan with Building Rotation Angle of –24°


OVERHANG

Fig 3-50B Overhang Dimensions


Fig 3-50C Reveal Dimensions
Camel and BEAVER Walls and Roofs

U = 1 / RT
RT = ho + RA + RB …+ hi
Return Air Room
The basic air systems modelled by CAMEL are :
• Constant volume single zone heating and cooling
• RCHP Reverse Cycle Heat Pump
• VRF Variable Refrigerant Volume
• Constant volume face and bypass
• Constant volume cooling with zone reheat
• Variable air volume
• Variable air volume with reheat
• Evaporative cooling
• Fresh Air Pre-conditioners
Air Conditioning System

Supply Air = Return Air + Outside Air


O/A Direct to room
May be
preconditioned

Supply Air = Return Air


Preconditioner
Temperature
Controlled

Fresh to Exhaust Air


Heat Exchanger

Temp Controller +
Heat Exchanger

Humidity Control
Unit

Humidity Control
Unit + Heat Exch.
Preconditioner
O/A

O/A
SPILL AIR
Carrier Reference Glass
6mm Plate Glass plus Venetian Blind
Other Glass – Shading Coefficient
Shading Coefficient = Solar Heat Gain - Actual Glass
Solar Heat Gain - Reference Glass
Example:-
Solar Heat Gain to Space
Reference Glass 0.88 R
6 mm Plate Glass 0.83 R

Shading Coefficient = Actual Glass = 0.83 = 0.94


Reference Glass 0.88

Shading Coefficient = ( τ + 0.4 α ) / 0.88


Fig 2-190C C,P or A Options for COOL and HEAT Flag and Value
C - Constant Temperature on other side
P - Proportion of room to ambient difference
A - Added (or subtracted) from ambient
Heat Gain from People
Psychrometrics
Carrier Air Quantity = Effective Room Sensible Heat .
1.2 (1 - Bypass factor) (Room temp - ADP)
CAMEL Air Quantity = (Adjusted Room Sensible Heat) .
1.2 (Room temp - Leaving apparatus temp)
where: Adjusted Room Sensible Heat = Room Sensible Heat + Supply Duct Sensible Heat Gains

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