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Weight Volume Relationship Equations 1

This document discusses relationships between weight, volume, moisture content, and density for soils. It defines key terms like dry unit weight, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and moisture content. Equations are provided to relate these terms and calculate weights, volumes, densities, and moisture content for both saturated and unsaturated soil samples. Total volume is the sum of solid volume and void volume, which includes water and air volumes. Weight relationships factor in weights of solids and water.

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Earl Zedrick Diaz
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155 views3 pages

Weight Volume Relationship Equations 1

This document discusses relationships between weight, volume, moisture content, and density for soils. It defines key terms like dry unit weight, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and moisture content. Equations are provided to relate these terms and calculate weights, volumes, densities, and moisture content for both saturated and unsaturated soil samples. Total volume is the sum of solid volume and void volume, which includes water and air volumes. Weight relationships factor in weights of solids and water.

Uploaded by

Earl Zedrick Diaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEIGHT – VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS Dry Unit Weight weight per unit volume of soil,

excluding water .
Ws
γd =
V
- Relationship of unit weight, dry unit weight, and
moisture content can be given as:
γ W s (1+ w)
γd = 𝛾=
1+ w V
Sometimes it is convenient to express soil densities in
terms of mass densities (ρ). The SI unit of mass density
is kilograms cubic meter (kg/m3 ).
M Ms
𝜌= ρd =
Total Volume of a given soil sample can be expressed as: V V
V =V s +V v =V s +V w +V a Note:
Where: ρw = 1000 kg/m3
V s = volume of soil solids N kN
γ w =9810 3 or 9.81
V v = volume of voids m m
3

V w = volume of water in the voids


V a = volume of air in the void PHASE RELATIONSHIPS
V v =V a +V w ; V =V s +V w +V a;
V =V s +V v
Total Weight of the sample:
W =W s +W w
Where:
W s = weight of soil solids
W w = weight of water
VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS
Void Ratio (e) is defined as the ratio of the volume of
voids to the volume of solids.
Vv n If the volume of the soil solids is one, then the volume
𝑒= 𝑒= of voids is numerically equal to the void ratio, e. The
Vs 1−n
Porosity (n) is defined as the ratio of the volume of weights of soil solids and water can be given as:
voids to the total volume, or Gs
W s= W w =w W s=w Gs γ w
V e γw
𝑛= v 𝑛= Where:
V 1+ e
Degree of Saturation (S) is defined as the ratio of the Gs = specific gravity of soil solids
volume of water to the volume of voids. It is commonly w = moisture content
expressed as a percentage. γ w = unit weight of water
Vw W W s +W w Gs γ w +w G s γ w ( 1+w ) Gs γ w
S= 𝛾= = = =
Vv V V 1+e 1+e
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP Gs +Se
or 𝛾 = × γw
Moisture Content (w) is also referred to as water 1+e
content and is defined as the ratio of the weight of G γ Gs γ w
water to the weight of solids in a given volume of soil: γ d = Ws = s w or e= −1
V 1+e γd
Ww
w= Because the weight of water for the soil element under
Ws consideration is wGsγw, the volume occupied by water
Unit weight (γ) is the weight of soil per unit volume. is:
W W w w Gs γw
𝛾= V w= = =w Gs
V γw γw
Hence, from the definition of degree of saturation:
V w w Gs
S= = or Se=w Gs
Vv e

Where: Mw = mass of water


Since the mass of soil in the element is equal to Gsρw,
the mass of water:

Density:

SATURATED SOIL SAMPLE

TOTAL VOLUME EQUAL TO ONE

If the soil sample is saturated—that is, the void spaces


are completely filled with water—the relationship for
saturated unit weight (γ sat ) can be derived in a similar
manner:
W W s+ W w Gs γ w + e γ w (Gs + e)γ w
γ sat = = = =
V V 1+ e 1+ e
With S = 1; e= wG s
If V is equal to 1, then Vv is equal to n, so 𝑉𝑠 = 1 – 𝑛. The
( 1+ w ) Gs ρw Gs ρw weight of soil solids (Ws) and the weight of water (Ww)
𝜌= ρd = can then be expressed as follows:
1+ e 1+ e
(Gs + e)ρ w
ρ sat =
1+e
MASS – VOLUME RELATIONSHIP So, the dry unit weight equals:

The moist unit weight equals:

For saturated sample:

The moisture content of a saturated soil sample can be


expressed as:

Moisture content:

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