Today’s lesson is about

NUMBER SYSTEMS
AND
EXPONENTS

REVISION
BE RATIONAL
Rational number

𝑝
,𝑞 ≠ 0 Integers
𝑞

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NEW NUMBERS!

If not rational, then what?

Irrational numbers

p
Cannot be expressed as ,
q
Where pand qare integers and q ≠ 0

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 RATIONAL NUMBERS AS
DECIMALS
We can express the following rational numbers in the decimal form.

1 = 0.5 (Decimal Representation)

2

1/9 = 0.111…
(Decimal Representation)

7/30 = 0.2333…
(Decimal Representation)
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TYPES OF DECIMAL
FORM
What do you notice in the following decimal representations?

1 1 7
1 = 0.5 2 = 0.111… 3 = 0.2333…
2 9 30

Terminating Decimal Non-terminating Decimals

(Decimal that ends and
(Decimals that do not end)
has finite digits)

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IRRATIONAL DECIMALS

Repeating Non-repeating

RATIONAL
Terminating x

RATIONAL
Non-terminating IRRATIONAL

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS ⇔ non terminating, non repeating decimals.

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 The table shows the portion of some common materials that are
recycled. Write them in descending order.

The LCM of the denominators 11, 8,5 and 4 is 440

5 ( 5x40 ) 200
= =
11 (11x40 ) 440
5 ( 5x55 ) 275
Materials Recycled
= =
Paper 5 8 ( 8x55 ) 440
11

5 2 ( 2x88 ) 176
Aluminum cans = =
8 5 ( 5x88 ) 440
3 ( 3x110 ) 330
2
Glass
5 = =
3 4 ( 4x110 ) 440
Scrap
4
Now, 330 > 275 > 200 > 176
3 5 5 2
Hence,    
4 8 11 5
 Scrap > Aluminium cans > Paper > Glass. 7
 Which of the following options shows that integers are not
closed under division?

A 44
2
Integers are not closed under division, which
B 55
6 means that the division of any two integers is not

C 86 always an integer (1, 2, 3 etc.)

(-2)
55
D 48 = 9.16666
6
3

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 Calculate and check whether the statement is true or false.
The sum of (2 3 + 6 2) + ( 3 + 2)is a rational number.

Sum of 2 3 + 6 2 and 3 + 2 is

(2 3 + 6 2) + ( 3 + 2)
2 3+6 2 + 3+ 2
= ( 2 + 1) 3 + ( 6 + 1) 2
=3 3+7 2

Hence, the sum of 2 3 + 6 2 and 3 + 2 is not a rational number.

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 RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NUMBERS - SUMMARY

Real number

Rational Irrational

Non terminating Terminating Non terminating,

recurring decimals. decimals Non recurring.

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DO YOU REMEMBER ?

Real Numbers

Numbers
Integers
Numbers
Whole numbers
Natural Numbers

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 Real Numbers

Real numbers are a collection of rational numbers and irrational

numbers, that can be represented on a number line.

Representing an Irrational
Operations on Real Numbers
Number on number line

Rationalizing Denominator
Find the conjugate of denominator
and Multiply both denominator and
numerator.

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WHAT DID WE LEARN SO FAR…

ADDING LIKE TERMS ADDING UNLIKE TERMS

Examples: Examples:
(Cannot be
1 1 simplified.)

Like terms Unlike terms

(Cannot be simplified.)
2 2

Like terms Unlike terms

What does the addition of two irrational numbers represent? 13

WHAT ARE RADICALS?

RADICAL
A Radical is an expression that involves a root, usually a square root or
cube root.

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PARTS OF A RADICAL

RADICAL
A Radical is an expression that involves a root, usually a square root or
cube root.

Example:

RADICAND DEGREE
The number whose root needs to The number of times a radicand is
be found. multiplied to itself.
Radicand
If the number is missing, it’s
assumed to be a square root.
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 1 1 1 1
The value of + + + is _____.
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 4+ 5

1 1 1 1
+ + +
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 4+ 5
1 1− 2 1 2− 3 1 3− 4 1 4− 5
= . + . + . + .
1+ 2 1− 2 2+ 3 2− 3 3+ 4 3− 4 4+ 5 4− 5
1− 2 2− 3 3− 4 4− 5
= + + +
1− 2 2−3 3−4 4−5
1− 2 2− 3 3− 4 4− 5
= + + +
−1 −1 −1 −1
= −1 + 2 − 2+ 3− 3+ 4− 4+ 5
= −1 + 5
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 2+ 3
Rationalize the denominator of and select the correct option.
2− 3

2+ 3 2+ 3 2+ 3
= X
2− 3 2− 3 2+ 3

( 2 + 3)
2
4+3+ 4 3
= =
( 2) − ( 3 ) 4−3
2 2

7+4 3
= =7+4 3
1
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MAKE A CHOICE

Which law would you like to learn next?

Law of Exponents

Product law Negative

Quotient law Exponent law

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Laws of exponent Expression

Product law 2 4  23 = 2 4 + 3 = 2 7

Quotient law 24  23 = 24−3 = 21

Negative exponent law 2−4 =

1
24

Zero exponent law 20 = 1

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  3
− 4 
Simplify  2 and select the correct option
(256)

1
= (2 )
8  8 
-
3
-
-(4 2 )
256)  1
8× - 
 8
-
3 =2
2
=(28 )-(4 )
=2-1
3
(2)(- )

=(28 ) -(2 2 ) 1
=
8 -(2-3 )
2
=(2 )

20
Simplify:

21
TRY IT ON YOUR OWN

Simplify:

22
 −2
Find: 30 × 125 3 − 5−3

−2
30 × 125 3 − 5−3
−2
=1 3
× (5 ) 3−5−3 By using Zero Exponent Law: a0 = 1
= 5(−2) − 5−3
1 1 By using Negative Exponents Law
= 2 − 3
5 5 −m
1
1 1 a = m
= − a
25 125
5−1 −2
4
= Answer: 30× 125 3 − 5−3 =
125 125
4
=
125 23
 Solve : ((−3) 2 )8  (−3)5

Given : ((−3) 2 )8  (−3)5

By using power law, we get.

= (−3)16  (−3)5

By using quotient law, we get,

= (−3)16−5
= (−3)11

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 −2
Find: 64 3

1
Law of Exponents: Negative Exponents Law: a−m = m
a
−2
On comparing L.H.S of the law with (64) , 3

−m −2
a = (64) 3
we get
2
a= 64 and m =
3
−2
1
∴ (64) 3 = 2
(64)3

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