Introduction Properties of EM Waves

● Origin ● Energy Density

● Displacement Current ● Intensity
● Maxwell’s Equations ● Radiation Pressure

EM Waves
EM Spectrum & Applications
● Radio Waves
EM Waves ● Microwaves
● IR Rays
● Visible Rays
● UV Rays
● X - Rays
● 𝛄 - Rays
 Origin

Source Type of field produced

1. Static Charge Electric Field Only

2. Charge moving at Both Electric and

constant velocity Magnetic Field

3. Current carrying wire Magnetic Field Only

4. Accelerated Charges EM Waves

 EM Waves
These are the Waves Which are
Produced by Accelerated Charges.
 Displacement Current
The Current produced by Changing Electric
Flux is called as Displacement Current.
 Displacement Current
The Current produced by Changing Electric
Flux is called as Displacement Current.
 C
R

V S
Faraday’s Law
A time varying Magnetic Field
produces Electric Field.
Maxwell’s Argument
A time varying Electric Field
produces Magnetic Field.
Modified Maxwell Ampere's Law
For an electromagnetic wave, the electric flux is
given by: ϕE = 5t2 + 4.
The value of displacement current ?

D
For an electromagnetic wave, the electric flux is
given by: ϕE = 5t2 + 4.
The value of displacement current ?

D
Maxwell’s
Equations
Maxwell’s Equations

1. Gauss’s Law in Electrostatics

 Gauss law
The Net Electric flux through any closed surface is equal to
1/ 𝛆0 times the Net Charge enclosed by that closed surface.
Maxwell’s Equations

2. Gauss’s Law in Magnetism

 Gauss’s Law in Magnetism
According to this Law MONOPOLES do Not Exist
Maxwell’s Equations

3. Faraday Law of EMI.

 Faraday Law of EMI.
A time varying Magnetic Field Produces Electric Field.

⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒ ⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
Maxwell’s Equations

4. Modified Maxwell’s -Ampere’s Law

Modified Maxwell’s -Ampere’s Law
A time varying Electric Field Produces Magnetic Field.
Maxwell Equations
Electromagnetic Waves
E

Propagation direction
EO

BO
B
 E

E = Eo sin (kx - ⍵t)

B = Bo sin (kx - ⍵t)

Electric field, Magnetic field and Direction of
Propagation All are Mutually Perpendicular.
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-2

In an electromagnetic wave, at an instant and

at a particular position, the electric field is along
the negative z axis and magnetic field is along
the positive x-axis. Then the direction of
propagation of electromagnetic wave is :

A negative y-axis

B at 45° angle from positive y-axis

C Positive y-axis

D Positive z-axis
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-2

In an electromagnetic wave, at an instant and

at a particular position, the electric field is along
the negative z axis and magnetic field is along
the positive x-axis. Then the direction of
propagation of electromagnetic wave is :

A negative y-axis

B at 45° angle from positive y-axis

C Positive y-axis

D Positive z-axis
 JEE Main 11th April 2023 S-2

A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 20

MHz propagates in free space along x-direction.
At a particular space and time,
What is at this point?

D
 JEE Main 11th April 2023 S-2

A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 20

MHz propagates in free space along x-direction.
At a particular space and time,
What is at this point?

D
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-2

The amplitude of magnetic field in an

electromagnetic wave propagating along y-axis
is 6.0 × 10-7 T. The maximum value of electric
field in the electromagnetic wave is

A 2 × 1015 Vm-1

B 2 × 1014 Vm-1

C 6.0 × 10-7 Vm-1

D 180 Vm-1
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-2

The amplitude of magnetic field in an

electromagnetic wave propagating along y-axis
is 6.0 × 10-7 T. The maximum value of electric
field in the electromagnetic wave is

A 2 × 1015 Vm-1

B 2 1×014 Vm-1

C 6.0 × 10-7 Vm-1

D 180 Vm-1
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-2

The electric field and magnetic field

components of an electromagnetic wave going
through vacuum is described by
Ex = E0 sin (kz - ⍵t)
By = B0 sin (kz - ⍵t). Then the correct relation
between E0 and B0 is given by

A kE0 = ⍵B0

B E0B0 = ⍵k

C ⍵E0 = kB0

D E0 = kB0
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-2

The electric field and magnetic field

components of an electromagnetic wave going
through vacuum is described by
Ex = E0 sin (kz - ⍵t)
By = B0 sin (kz - ⍵t). Then the correct relation
between E0 and B0 is given by

A kE0 = ⍵B0

B E0B0 = ⍵k

C ⍵E0 = kB0

D E0 = kB0
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-1

If represent electric field and

propagation vectors of the EM waves in vacuum,
then magnetic field vector is given by : (⍵ -
angular frequency)

D
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-1

If represent electric field and

propagation vectors of the EM waves in vacuum,
then magnetic field vector is given by : (⍵ -
angular frequency)

D
 JEE Main 25th June 2022 S-2

The electromagnetic wave travel in a medium at

a speed of 2.0 × 108 m/s. The relative
permeability of the medium is 1.0. The relative
permittivity of the medium will be:

A 2.25

B 4.25

C 6.25

D 8.25
 JEE Main 25th June 2022 S-2

The electromagnetic wave travel in a medium at

a speed of 2.0 × 108 m/s. The relative
permeability of the medium is 1.0. The relative
permittivity of the medium will be:

A 2.25

B 4.25

C 6.25

D 8.25
Important Parameters of
EM Waves
Energy Density
 Energy Density

μE = μB
Hence In EM Wave Energy is Equally
Shared by Electric & Magnetic Field
 Intensity
Intensity is defined as
Energy passing per
Second per Unit Area.
 Intensity

Intensity is defined as
Energy passing per
Second per Unit Area .
Radiation Pressure
E M Wave

θ θ
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-1

For the plane electromagnetic wave given by

E = Eo sin (𝜔t - kx) and B = Bo sin(𝜔t - kx) , the
ratio of average electric energy density to
average magnetic energy density is

A 2

B 1/2

C 1

D 4
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-1

For the plane electromagnetic wave given by

E = Eo sin (𝜔t - kx) and B = Bo sin(𝜔t - kx) , the
ratio of average electric energy density to
average magnetic energy density is

A 2

B 1/2

C 1

D 4
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2

The energy density associated with electric field

E and magnetic field B of an electromagnetic
wave in free space is given by (𝜀0 - permittivity
of free space, 𝜇0 - permeability of free space)

D
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2

The energy density associated with electric field

E and magnetic field B of an electromagnetic
wave in free space is given by (𝜀0 - permittivity
of free space, 𝜇0 - permeability of free space)

D
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1

The energy of an electromagnetic wave

contained in a small volume oscillates with

A double the frequency of the wave

B the frequency of the wave

C zero frequency

D half the frequency of the wave

 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1

The energy of an electromagnetic wave

contained in a small volume oscillates with

A double the frequency of the wave

B the frequency of the wave

C zero frequency

D half the frequency of the wave

 JEE Main 17th March 2021 S-1

The electric field intensity produced by the

radiation coming from a 100 W bulb at a
distance of 3 m is E. The electric field intensity
produced by the radiation coming from 60W at

the same distance is . Where the value of x =

 JEE Main 17th March 2021 S-1

The electric field intensity produced by the

radiation coming from a 100 W bulb at a
distance of 3 m is E. The electric field intensity
produced by the radiation coming from 60W at

the same distance is . Where the value of x =

Answer: 3
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
EM Spectrum
 JEE Main 26th June 2022 S-2

Which is the correct ascending order of

wavelengths?

A 𝜆visible < 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆microwave

B 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆visible < 𝜆microwave

C 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆visible< 𝜆microwave

D 𝜆microwave < 𝜆visible < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆X-ray

 JEE Main 26th June 2022 S-2

Which is the correct ascending order of

wavelengths?

A 𝜆visible < 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆microwave

B 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆visible < 𝜆microwave

C 𝜆X-ray < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆visible< 𝜆microwave

D 𝜆microwave < 𝜆visible < 𝜆gamma-ray < 𝜆X-ray

Applications
of EM Waves
 EM spectrum
RADIO WAVES

Radio waves are produced by the accelerated motion of charges in

conducting wires.
● They are used in radio and television communication systems.
 EM spectrum
RADIO WAVES
Frequency Range: 500 kHz to about 1000 MHz.
 EM spectrum
MICROWAVES
Microwaves are produced by special vacuum tubes (called klystrons,
magnetrons and Gunn diodes).
● Due to their short wavelengths, they are suitable for the radar
systems used in aircraft navigation
 EM spectrum
MICROWAVES
Frequency Range: 109 Hz to 1012 Hz
 EM spectrum
IR WAVES
 EM spectrum
IR WAVES
Frequency Range: 1012 Hz to 1014 Hz
 EM spectrum
Visible Rays
It is the most familiar form of electromagnetic waves. It is the part of
the spectrum that is detected by the human eye.
 EM spectrum
Visible Rays
Frequency Range: 4 × 1014 Hz to about 7 × 1014 Hz
 EM spectrum
UV Rays
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is produced by
special lamps and very hot bodies.
The sun is an important source of
ultraviolet light.

UV radiations can be focussed into very

narrow beams for high precision
applications such as LASIK (Laser Assisted
in situ keratomileusis) eye surgery.
 EM spectrum
UV Rays
Frequency Range: 1015 Hz to 1017 Hz
 EM spectrum
X Rays
One common way to generate X-rays is to bombard a metal
target by high energy electrons.
 EM spectrum
X Rays
● X-rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and as a
treatment for certain forms of cancer

Note: X-rays damage or destroy living tissues and organisms,

care must be taken to avoid unnecessary or over exposure.
 EM spectrum
X Rays
Frequency Range: 1018 Hz to 1020 Hz
 EM spectrum
Gamma Rays
This high frequency radiation is produced in nuclear reactions
and also emitted by radioactive nuclei.
 EM spectrum
Gamma Rays
They are used in medicine to destroy cancer cells.
 EM spectrum
Gamma Rays
Frequency Range: 1018 Hz to 1022 Hz
 RADIO WAVES MICROWAVES IR WAVES

★ Used in radio & ★ Used in RADAR ★ Used in

Television systems for PHYSIOTHERAPY
communication AIRCRAFT
★ Responsible for
navigation
Greenhouse Effect
★ IR LEDs used in
CARS to improve
visibility in Foggy
Days
 UV RAYS X-RAYS 𝛄 -RAYS

★ Used in LASIK ★ Diagnostic Tool ★ Produced in

Eye surgery in Medicine Nuclear Reactions
★ Used in ★ Used in ★ Used to destroy
Sterilizing treatment of CANCER CELLS
Surgical certain forms of
Instrument CANCER
★ Used in Water ★ Study Crystal
purification Structure
 JEE Main 31th Jan 2023 S-2

Math List - I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the option given
below:

List I List II A A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

A. Microwaves I. Physiotherapy
B A-V, B-I, C-II, D-III
B. UV rays II. Treatment of cancer

C. Infrared rays III. Lasik eye surgery

C A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
D. X-rays IV. Aircraft Navigation

D A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

 JEE Main 31th Jan 2023 S-2

Math List - I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the option given
below:

List I List II A A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

A. Microwaves I. Physiotherapy
B A-V, B-I, C-II, D-III
B. UV rays II. Treatment of cancer

C. Infrared rays III. Lasik eye surgery

C A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
D. X-rays IV. Aircraft Navigation

D A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

 JEE Main 15th April 2023 S-1

Match List I with List II of Electromagnetic waves with

corresponding wavelength range :
List I List II
(A) Microwave (I) 400 nm to 1 nm
(B) Ultraviolet (II) 1 nm to 10-3 nm
(C) X-Ray (III) 1 mm to 700 nm
(D) Infra-rad (IV) 0.1 m to 1 mm
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

B (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

C (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

 JEE Main 15th April 2023 S-1

Match List I with List II of Electromagnetic waves with

corresponding wavelength range :
List I List II
(A) Microwave (I) 400 nm to 1 nm
(B) Ultraviolet (II) 1 nm to 10-3 nm
(C) X-Ray (III) 1 mm to 700 nm
(D) Infra-rad (IV) 0.1 m to 1 mm
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

B (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

C (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

D (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

 JEE Main 27th June 2022 S-1

Math List - I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the option given
below:

List I List II A (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

A. Ultraviolet rays I. Study crystal

structure B (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

B. Microwaves II. Greenhouse effect

C (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
C. Infrared waves III. Sterilizing surgical
instrument

D. X-rays IV. Radar system D (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
 JEE Main 27th June 2022 S-1

Math List - I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the option given
below:

List I List II A (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

A. Ultraviolet rays I. Study crystal

structure B (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

B. Microwaves II. Greenhouse effect

C (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
C. Infrared waves III. Sterilizing surgical
instrument

D. X-rays IV. Radar system D (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)