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Coal is formed from dead plant matter that is buried underground over millions of years. The plants are subjected to heat and pressure, which causes them to harden into coal. There are different types of coal ranked based on their carbon and volatile matter content, from lignite to anthracite. Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are formed from the remains of ancient organisms buried underground. Oil and gas are formed from the decomposition of organisms like algae and plankton under high heat and pressure deep underground over 60 million years. The type of fossil fuel formed depends on the composition of the organic matter and the depth and temperature conditions.

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Francesca Yanzon
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19 views2 pages

Energy

Coal is formed from dead plant matter that is buried underground over millions of years. The plants are subjected to heat and pressure, which causes them to harden into coal. There are different types of coal ranked based on their carbon and volatile matter content, from lignite to anthracite. Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are formed from the remains of ancient organisms buried underground. Oil and gas are formed from the decomposition of organisms like algae and plankton under high heat and pressure deep underground over 60 million years. The type of fossil fuel formed depends on the composition of the organic matter and the depth and temperature conditions.

Uploaded by

Francesca Yanzon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Energy How is coal formed?

Source of Energy - Coals were formed form ferns, plants and


trees which hardened due to pressure and
 coal
heat
 wind
 oil 1) Dead plant matter
 natural gas 2) peat
 solar 3) Lignite
 hydrothermal 4) Sub-bituminous Coal
 geothermal 5) Bituminous Coal
 biomass 6) Anthracite

What are fossil fuels? Bituminization

- Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural - is the formation of coal from plant
processes such as anaerobic material by the processes of diagenesis
decomposition of buried dead (the physical and chemical changes
organisms. occurring during the conversion of
- The age of the organisms and their sediment to sedimentary rock) and
resulting fossil fuels is typically millions metamorphism
of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 1) Before the dinosaurs, many pant
million years plants died in swamps
Formation of the different types of Fossil 2) Over millions of years, the plants
Fuels depends on the combination of the were buried under water and dirt.
following: 3) Heat and pressure turned the
dead plants into coal
 Temperature
 Organic Matter Different Types of Coal ranked according
 Time to their carbon and volatile matter
 Pressure Condition content.

Types of Fossil Fuels Anthracite

Petroleum - is 86 to 98% pure carbon and 8 to 3%


volatile matter. It is an excellent fuel
- naturally occurring, yellowish-black that is still used to heat homes
liquid found in geological formations
beneath the Earth's surface Bituminous Coal

Coal - contains 70 to 86% carbon and 46 to


31% volatile matter: It is used to make
- is a combustible black or brownish- coke, used in metallurgy.
black sedimentary rock
Sub-Bituminous Coal
Natural Gas
- coal is 70 to 76% carbon and 53 to
- colorless highly flammable gaseous 42% volatile matter. It is burned in
hydrocarbon consisting primarily of industrial boilers
methane and ethane
Lignite - If the organic debris is composed
mostly of animal origin, it will produce
- is 65 to 70% carbon and 63 to: 53%
more oil than gas
volatile matter. It is a low-grade fuel
with a high moisture content that is
used in industrial boilers With an estimated average sedimentation
of 50 meters every million years, it takes
Peat
60 million years for dead animals to
- consists of partially decomposed become liquid hydrocarbons. It is hardly
vegetation Technically speaking, it isn't surprising therefore, that oil is classified as
coal. It has a carbon content of less a non-renewable energy source.
than 60% and is composed entirely of
volatile matter.

How was oil formed?

- Oil was formed from small organisms


like planktons and algae, were
pressure cause the organic matter to
decompose.

How was gas formed?

- Gas was formed from small organisms


like planktons and algae, which was
subjected to greater pressure and heat
causing the organic matter to
decompose!

How oil and gas formed

- At a depth of 2,000 meters, when the


temperature reaches 100°C, kerogen
starts to release hydrocarbons
- Between 2,000 and 3,800 meters, it
turns into oil. This depth interval is
known as the oil window
- When the source rock sinks further, to
between 3,800 and 5,000 meters,
production of liquid hydrocarbons
peaks
- The proportion of liquids and gas
generated in this way depends on the
type of source rock.
- If it is composed mainly of plant
debris, the source rock will produce
mostly gas.

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