Bato Institute of Science And Technology, Inc.

Dolho, Bato, Letyte

LIVING IN THE I.T. ERA

Name: ______________________________________________ Week 2: August 21-26, 2023

UNIT 2: History of Computer: Basic Computing • Remote Work: Allowing professionals to

work from home or anywhere with an
Period
internet connection.
At the end of this module, you are expected to: 4. Entertainment:
✓ Gain familiarity with the different discoveries • Streaming Services: Platforms like Netflix,
during the different periods. and Spotify for on-demand access to
✓ Learn about different inventions and discoveries movies, TV shows, music, and podcasts.
during the electro-mechanical age that lead to
the inventions of today’s technology. • Gaming: Computer games for
✓ Identify different technologies and their entertainment, social interaction, and
improvements during the different generations. competition.

Applications of ICT (Computers) in Our Daily Lives • Digital Art and Media: Graphic design,
animation, and video editing software.
ICT has become an integral part of modern society,
influencing almost every aspect of our routines. Here's a 5. Healthcare:
comprehensive breakdown of its applications: • Electronic Health Records (EHR): Storing
1. Communication and Social Networking: and managing patient information for
better medical care.
• Email: Sending and receiving messages
instantly across the globe. • Telemedicine: Remote consultations with
doctors via video calls.
• Social Media: Platforms like Facebook,
Instagram, and Twitter facilitate social • Medical Research: Computer
interaction and sharing of content. simulations, data analysis, and modeling
to advance medical science.
• Video Conferencing: Tools like Zoom, and
Skype allow remote face-to-face 6. Shopping and Commerce:
communication. • E-Commerce: Online shopping platforms
• Messaging Apps: WhatsApp and like Amazon, eBay, and various online
Messenger enable real-time chats, voice retailers.
calls, and video calls. • Online Payments: Secure transactions
2. Education: through platforms like PayPal, digital
wallets, and online banking.
• E-Learning: Online courses, tutorials, and
educational platforms for remote 7. Travel and Navigation:
learning. • GPS and Navigation: Finding routes,
• Digital Libraries: Access to vast amounts locations, and tracking using tools like
of information and resources online. Google Maps.

• Virtual Classrooms: Interactive sessions • Travel Planning: Booking flights, and

with teachers and peers through video accommodations, and creating
conferencing. itineraries online.

• Educational Software: Tools for learning 8. News and Information:

various subjects in an engaging manner. • Online News: Access to current events,
3. Work and Productivity: news articles, and blogs.

• Office Suites: Software like Microsoft • Information Retrieval: Search engines like
Office, Google Workspace for document Google for finding information on various
creation, spreadsheets, and topics.
presentations. 9. Personal Finance:
• Project Management: Tools like Trello, • Online Banking: Managing accounts,
Asana, and Slack for team collaboration transferring funds, and paying bills
and task management. digitally.

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 • Budgeting Software: Tracking expenses 5. First Generation Computers (1940s-1950s):
and managing personal finances. • ENIAC (1945): Designed by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly, ENIAC was
10. Home Automation:
one of the earliest general-purpose
• Smart Homes: Controlling lights, electronic digital computers.
appliances, and security systems • UNIVAC I (1951): Also, by Eckert and
remotely. Mauchly, UNIVAC I became the first
commercially produced computer.
• Voice Assistants: Devices like Amazon
6. Transistorized Computing (1950s-1960s):
Echo, and Google Home for voice-
• John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and
activated commands.
William Shockley (1947): Invented the
History of Computer: Basic Computing Periods transistor, a smaller, more reliable
The history of computers can be divided into replacement for vacuum tubes,
several basic computing periods, each enabling the development of smaller
characterized by significant technological and faster computers.
advancements and innovations. Here's an • IBM 7090 (1959): An early
overview of these periods along with some of the transistorized mainframe computer.
key inventors associated with them: 7. Integrated Circuit Era (1960s-1970s):
1. Pre-Modern Computing (Pre-19th Century): • Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce (1960):
• Blaise Pascal (1642): Created the Independently invented the
mechanical calculator, also known integrated circuit (microchip),
as the "Pascaline," capable of leading to miniaturization and
performing addition and subtraction. increased computing power.
• Charles Babbage (1822): Designed • IBM System/360 (1964): Introduced a
the "Difference Engine," an early family of compatible computers,
mechanical calculator, and revolutionizing computer
conceptualized the "Analytical architecture and making software
Engine," a mechanical general- more portable.
purpose computer. 8. Microprocessor Revolution (1970s-1980s):
2. Mechanical Computing (19th Century): • Intel 4004 (1971): The first
• Charles Babbage: Continued work commercially available
on the Analytical Engine, which had microprocessor, marking the
concepts of loops, conditional beginning of the microcomputer era.
branching, and memory. • Apple I and II (1976-1977): Developed
• Ada Lovelace (1843): Wrote the by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs,
world's first programming instructions these microcomputers helped
for the Analytical Engine, making her popularize personal computing.
the world's first programmer.
3. Electromechanical Computing (Late 19th to These periods and inventors represent just a
Early 20th Century): fraction of the rich history of computer
• Herman Hollerith (1880s): Invented development. Subsequent periods include
the punched card tabulating advancements in microcomputers, the rise of
machine, used for processing data in personal computing, the development of
the 1890 U.S. Census. His company graphical user interfaces, and the expansion of the
eventually became IBM. internet, leading to the modern digital age.
4. Early Electronic Computing (1930s-1940s):
• Konrad Zuse (1930s-1940s): Created Basic Computing Periods – Ages
the Z3, one of the first
electromechanical binary 1. Pre-20th Century: Early Concepts and
programmable computers. Mechanical Calculators
• Alan Turing (1936): Developed the • Ages: Ancient times to late 19th
concept of a theoretical computing century.
machine, now known as the Turing • Inventors/Contributors: Blaise Pascal
machine, which laid the foundation (Pascaline), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
for modern computing theory. (Stepped Reckoner), Charles
• Colossus (1944): Designed by Alan Babbage (Difference Engine), Ada
Turing and others, it was the world's Lovelace (first computer
first programmable digital computer programmer).
used for code-breaking during World 2. Early 20th Century: Mechanical and
War II. Electromechanical Computers
• Ages: 1920s to 1940s.

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 • Inventors/Contributors: Konrad Zuse
(Z3 - electromechanical computer),
Howard Aiken (Harvard Mark I - History of Computer: Generations of Computer
electromechanical), George Stibitz First Generation (1940s-1950s): Vacuum Tubes
(Complex Number Calculator - • Inventor: Konrad Zuse is often credited with
electromechanical). creating one of the earliest programmable
3. Mid-20th Century: First Generation computers, the Z3, in 1941.
Computers and Vacuum Tubes • Key Features: This generation used vacuum
• Ages: 1940s to early 1950s. tubes for electronic components. These
• Inventors/Contributors: John Presper computers were large, consumed a lot of
Eckert and John Mauchly (ENIAC - power, generated a significant amount of
electronic computer), Alan Turing heat, and were prone to frequent failures.
(Turing machine, theoretical Second Generation (1950s-1960s): Transistors
foundations), John von Neumann • Inventors: John Bardeen, Walter Brattain,
(von Neumann architecture). and William Shockley invented the transistor
4. Late 20th Century: Transistors and Integrated in 1947, which revolutionized computer
Circuits technology.
• Ages: 1950s to 1960s. • Key Features: Transistors replaced vacuum
• Inventors/Contributors: Jack Kilby tubes, leading to smaller, more reliable, and
and Robert Noyce (independent faster computers. As a result, computers
development of the integrated became more accessible and could be
circuit), IBM (IBM 360 series - early used for a wider range of applications.
mainframes), DEC (PDP-8 - Third Generation (1960s-1970s): Integrated Circuits
minicomputer), Grace Hopper (ICs)
(COBOL programming language). • Inventors: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce are
5. 1970s: Microprocessors and Personal credited with independently developing the
Computing integrated circuit in the late 1950s.
• Ages: 1970s. • Key Features: Integrated circuits allowed
• Inventors/Contributors: Intel (Intel multiple transistors and other components to
4004 - first microprocessor), Steve be fabricated on a single piece of
Jobs and Steve Wozniak (Apple I and semiconductor material. This led to further
II - personal computers), Gary Kildall miniaturization and improved performance.
(CP/M operating system), Xerox Fourth Generation (1970s-1980s): Microprocessors
PARC (Graphical User Interface • Inventor: Ted Hoff and his team at Intel
concepts). developed the first microprocessor, the Intel
6. 1980s: Rise of PC Industry and GUIs 4004, in 1971.
• Ages: 1980s. • Key Features: Microprocessors combined
• Inventors/Contributors: IBM (IBM PC - the CPU and other components on a single
popularizing the PC market), chip, making computers even smaller and
Microsoft (MS-DOS, Windows), Apple more powerful. This led to the rise of personal
(Macintosh with graphical user computers.
interface), Richard Stallman (GNU Fifth Generation (1980s-Present): AI and Beyond
Project, Free Software Foundation). • Inventors: This generation is characterized
7. 1990s: Internet and World Wide Web more by advancements in software and
• Ages: 1990s. artificial intelligence rather than specific
• Inventors/Contributors: Tim Berners- inventors.
Lee (invention of the World Wide • Key Features: The fifth generation focuses on
Web), Marc Andreessen (Mosaic web AI, natural language processing, and
browser), Linus Torvalds (Linux kernel), parallel processing. Computers have
Sergey Brin and Larry Page (Google become immensely powerful, enabling
search engine). complex tasks like speech recognition,
8. 2000s to Present: Mobile Computing and machine learning, and deep learning.
Cloud Services
• Ages: 2000s to present. REFERENCE:
• Inventors/Contributors: Apple (iPhone • https://www.livescience.com/20718-
and iOS), Google (Android OS), computer-history.html
Amazon (Amazon Web Services), • http://tinyurl.com/3k4m6x5f
Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook, social
media), Elon Musk (innovations in Prepared by:
electric vehicles, AI). Mary Jane Pagay – Cierva, LPT
Instructor

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