BATO INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Dolho, Bato, Leyte

HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

GE ELECT 1 – LIVING IN THE I.T. ERA

MODULE 5. NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO):

1. Understand the history and development of network technology.

2. Define key terms associated with network technologies.

Introduction

This module provides an in-depth look at networking and communication technologies. Each section
includes explanations and real-world examples to help you understand these concepts thoroughly.

1. Brief History of the Internet

Overview:

• 1960s: ARPANET, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, was the first operational packet-
switching network and a precursor to the Internet.
o Example: ARPANET was used to connect research institutions like UCLA and Stanford
Research Institute for sharing information.
• 1970s: The TCP/IP protocol suite was developed, allowing different networks to communicate with
each other.
o Example: The introduction of TCP/IP allowed ARPANET to connect with other networks,
forming the early Internet.
• 1980s: The Domain Name System (DNS) was introduced to simplify Internet navigation.
o Example: Instead of typing numeric IP addresses, users could access websites using names
like www.example.com.
• 1990s: Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW), enabling users to browse websites
using web browsers.
o Example: The launch of the first web browser, Mosaic, in 1993, made it possible for the
general public to browse the Internet.
• 2000s-present: The Internet evolved with the rise of social media, mobile apps, and cloud
computing.
o Example: Platforms like Facebook (launched in 2004) and Google Drive (launched in 2012)
became integral to everyday life.

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2. The Internet and the WWW

Overview:

• The Internet: A global network that connects millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks.
o Example: The Internet connects various services like email, online shopping, and streaming.
• The World Wide Web (WWW): A system of interlinked hypertext documents that can be accessed
via the Internet.
o Example: Websites like www.wikipedia.org are accessed through the WWW, allowing users
to browse and edit articles.

Key Difference: The Internet is the infrastructure, while the WWW is a service that operates over the
Internet.

3. The Dot-Com Bubble

Overview:

The dot-com bubble was a period of excessive investment in Internet-based companies during the late 1990s
and early 2000s. This bubble burst in 2000, leading to significant losses.

Example:

• Pets.com: An online pet supply retailer that saw its stock price soar but eventually went bankrupt in
2000, illustrating the overvaluation of Internet startups.

4. Web 2.0

Overview:

Web 2.0 represents the shift from static web pages to interactive and collaborative web applications.

Examples:

• Social Media Platforms: Facebook and Twitter allow users to interact, share content, and build
online communities.
• Wikis: Wikipedia enables users to create, edit, and collaborate on articles collectively.
• Rich User Interfaces: Sites like Google Maps use AJAX to provide dynamic, real-time updates
without reloading the entire page.

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5. The Growth of High-Speed Internet

Overview:

High-speed Internet technologies have greatly improved connectivity and online experiences.

Examples:

• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Provides faster speeds than dial-up by using telephone lines to
transmit data.
o Example: ADSL allows users to browse the web and make phone calls simultaneously.
• Cable Broadband: Uses cable television infrastructure to provide high-speed Internet.
o Example: Comcast’s Xfinity service offers high-speed Internet over cable connections.
• Fiber-Optic Technology: Uses light signals to transmit data at extremely high speeds.
o Example: Google Fiber offers gigabit-speed Internet in select cities, enabling very fast data
transfers and streaming.

6. Wireless Networking

Overview:

Wireless technologies enable mobile and flexible connectivity.

Examples:

• Wi-Fi: Connects devices within a local area network (LAN) without cables.
o Example: Home Wi-Fi networks allow devices like laptops and smartphones to connect to the
Internet wirelessly.
• Mobile Network: Provides Internet and communication services over cellular networks.
o Example: 4G LTE and 5G networks offer high-speed mobile Internet access on smartphones.
• Bluetooth: Enables short-range wireless communication between devices.
o Example: Bluetooth headsets connect wirelessly to smartphones for hands-free calling.
• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Allows voice communication over the Internet.
o Example: Services like Skype and Zoom provide voice and video calls via the Internet.

7. Organizational Networking

Overview:

Different network structures support organizational operations.

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Examples:

• LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers within a single building or campus.
o Example: An office network where employees’ computers are interconnected to share
resources like printers and files.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects multiple LANs over large geographic areas.
o Example: A company with offices in different cities using a WAN to link their internal
networks.
• Client-Server Architecture: Servers provide resources or services to client devices.
o Example: A web server hosting a company’s website that clients (users) access via their web
browsers.
• Intranet: A private network accessible only to employees within an organization.
o Example: A corporate intranet used for internal communication and document sharing.
• Extranet: Allows external partners or clients limited access to an organization’s resources.
o Example: A supplier portal where vendors can access inventory levels and order statuses.

8. Cloud Computing

Overview:

Cloud computing offers on-demand access to computing resources over the Internet.

Examples:

• IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet.
o Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers virtual servers, storage, and networking
resources on-demand.
• PaaS (Platform as a Service): Provides a platform for developers to build and deploy applications.
o Example: Google App Engine allows developers to deploy web applications without
managing the underlying infrastructure.
• SaaS (Software as a Service): Delivers software applications over the Internet.
o Example: Microsoft Office 365 provides cloud-based access to Office applications like Word
and Excel.

Prepared by:

MARY JANE PAGAY-CIERVA, LPT, MSIT

Instructor

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