Scribd
Upload
30 views5 pages

Calculations For Lab 09

1) Students simulated circuits using Proteus software to analyze the operation of a potentiometer as a variable voltage source. 2) They varied the resistance of the potentiometer in the circuit and measured the output voltage, finding values such as 3.6V at low resistance and 5.99V at high resistance. 3) Calculations were performed to determine the percentage error between measured and calculated resistances of the potentiometer at different voltages. The maximum percentage error was 6.3%.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Tahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views5 pages

Calculations For Lab 09

1) Students simulated circuits using Proteus software to analyze the operation of a potentiometer as a variable voltage source. 2) They varied the resistance of the potentiometer in the circuit and measured the output voltage, finding values such as 3.6V at low resistance and 5.99V at high resistance. 3) Calculations were performed to determine the percentage error between measured and calculated resistances of the potentiometer at different voltages. The maximum percentage error was 6.3%.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Tahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Objectives

 Calculate the percentage error between Rmeasured and Rcalculated across the two terminals of
potentiometer at different voltages.

Simulation and Discussion (Individual)


 Muhammad Ali Tariq (ME-14 C) 410890:
Using the proteus software I designed a following circuit:

In this circuit, I connected a potentiometer’s (500kΩ) 1st and 3rd terminal with the positive
and negative ends of the battery as shown above. Then across the 1st and 2nd terminal, I
connected a voltmeter, with the help of which I varied the voltage between these 2 terminals
and calculated the resistance. I varied the voltage in regular intervals and calculated the value
of resistance
 Muhammad Abdullah Zafar Ghauri (ME-14(C) 405642):
Following circuit was
successfully simulated in Proteus 8 Demonstration Software in order to check the the
action of potentiometer as a variable voltage source
For the following circuit, a D.C Voltage Source was taken, being adjusted to 20V and
connected to a potentiometer, with internal resistance of 500 kΩ and hence connected
to an ammeter (digital one). It has been observed when we vary the resistance of
potentiometer, we get different readings for voltage flowing through the circuit.
Hence it can successfully be concluded that a potentiometer can be used as a variable
voltage source, which may be adjusted as per needs.

 Sufyan Ahmed (ME-14 C) 429599:


In this circuit I used a D.C. voltage source which was set to 20V, and coupled to an
ammeter by a potentiometer that had an internal resistance of 500 kΩ. It has been noted
that when we adjust the potentiometer's resistance, we first obtain a reading of 3.60V at a
lower resistance and subsequently obtain a voltage of 5.99V at a greater resistance.

 Muhammad Qasim Kamal (ME-14 C) 404663:

I perform the following simulation on the proteus software

In this circuit I took 20 V battery and a potentiometer of total resistance to be 500KΩ.


I also used ammeter and set it to measure the voltage, then I adjusted the resistance of
potentiometer so that the measured voltage across potentiometer is 2V.

Calculations

R
AB
Vo= R ×V
AC

Where, V is the voltage from the power supply (at our standard, we affix its value at 20V, a
DC power supply source.
RAC is the resistance of the potentiometer, considering it to be 500 kΩ
RAB is the resistance between the fixed and the movable terminal of potentiometer.
Theoretical Value−Experimental Value
Percentage Error= x 100
Experimental Value

Voltage (V) Measured Resistance Calculated Resistance Percentage


(kΩ) (kΩ) Error (%)
2 52.3 49 6.30
4 100.67 98 2.65
6 150.4 147 2.26
8 201 196 2.48
10 249.8 245 1.92
12 298.5 294 1.50
14 348 343 1.43
16 395.7 392 0.93
18 443.3 441 0.51
20 488.2 490 0.368

Lessons Learnt (Individual)


 Muhammad Ali Tariq (ME-14 C) 410890:
 In order to use ohmmeter to measure resistance, make sure the circuit is de-energized and
make sure that there is no other component or anything in parallel to the component you
want to measure resistance of and the ohmmeter.
 Ohmmeter supplies voltage to the resistance by itself and then it calculates the voltage
drop across the resistance and calculates the resistance according to the amount of voltage
drop across the resistor.
 Muhammad Abdullah Zafar Ghauri (ME-14(C) 405642):

 A rheostat is a device whose resistance can be varied as per accordance


 A rheostat is composed of three terminals, one is fixed one is maneuverable and the third
is the one with which the resistance throughout can be varied in accordance.
 Power delivered to a system shall be maximum when the value of load resistance matches
with that of internal resistance of battery.
 Considering the Thevenin Theorem concept, it can be stated that the delivered power
shall bear a maximum for the load resistance value connected in a circuit matches with
the Thevenin Resistance (which is calculated for a particular element in a circuit.
 While we plot a graph between power and resistance (where power is the maximum
delivered power) the shape of graph is parabolic.
 It is well-pertained that in making the graph we do observe the discrete values of power
which indicates that we are considering the average power not the instantaneous power,
which is almost impossible to be brought under deep consideration owing to lack of
precise instruments for the said experiment.
 Potentiometer can be used as a variable voltage source by varying of resistance value.
 In order to measure the voltage about the potentiometer, an ammeter is connected about 1 st
and 3rd pin (leg).

 Sufyan Ahmed (ME-14 C) 429599:


 A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an
adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as
a variable resistor or rheostat.
 The circuit should be completed using the middle portion of the potentiometer, unless
resistance cannot be varied.
 When the internal resistance (in this case the added resistor) and the load resistance are
equal, the maximum power given to the system occurs.
 Plotting a graph of power against resistance gives us a parabolic curve.

 Muhammad Qasim Kamal (ME-14 C) 404663:


 A rheostat is a variable resistor while potentiometer is the variable voltage source ,
although it is constructed from rheostat.
 Potentiometer has voltage source attached to a rheostat.
 Potentiometer has numerous applications in the real world. It is used vary voltage like
speed of fan is controlled by potentiometer.
 When we connect a resistor in parallel to the potentiometer then the voltage across
potentiometer will be changed.
 This change in voltage value is due to the parallel equivalent resistance. If parallel
equivalent resistance becomes too small then the voltage across potentiometer drops
because voltage remain same in parallel circuit.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy