Heights & DistancesDISCLAIMER “The content provided herein are created and owned by various authors and licensed to Sorting Hat Technologies Private Limited (“Company”). The Company disclaims all rights and liabilities in relation to the content. The author of the content shall be solely responsible towards, without limitation, any claims, liabilities, damages or suits which may arise with respect to the same.”Heights & Distances “ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION (i) Angle of elevation: Let P be an object and OX be a horizontal line; an observer at 0 to perceive the object P has to elevate his eye from the direction OX to the direction OF. As such, we define 2xOP as the angle of elevation of P at 0. (ii) Angte of depression: Let P be an object and OX be a horizontal line; an observer at O to perceive the object P has to o depress his eye from the direction OX to the direction OF. As such, we define ZXOP as the Line of observation ‘Angle of Depression angle of depression of P at 0. (iii) Angular elevatio if PM is perpendicular to OX, then the angle XOP is also called the altitude or the angular elevation of MP at ©. Let NS and EW stand for lines in the north-south " and east-west directions respectively then the 50° acute angle which the line OA makes with NS is called the bearing of the point A from 0. The bearing of A may be indicated precisely, by ° giving the size of the angle and specifying whether it is measured from ON (or OS) and whether to east (or west). For example, in figure, OA is in the direction 30° east of north. Thus, the bearing is written as N 30° E. ‘To express one side of a right angled triangle in terms of other side: Let AB = h (hypotenuse) and let ZABC = 0. The iS side opposite to 0 is a perpendicular p and the remaining side is base b. P b=p(cota) p=b(tane) p=h(sine) b=h(cose)(a) If AD = BE, then x= yean(2=2) or ihe asin(a +A) Example : | When the Sun's altitude is 30° then the shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is 40 m longer than the shadow present when Sun’s altitude is 60°. Find the height of the tower. Sol, In figure, let length of tower = AB and length of tower's shadow = BC when the Sun’s altitude is 60°. Hence, the top of the tower has the angle of elevation from the tip of the shadow equal to 60. When the angle of elevation is 30°, the length of the shadow is BD. Now, let BC be x m and AB be h m. As, length of BD is 40 m than that of BC Therefore BD is equal to 40 + xm Now In apc, tango" = 48 Bc or Roh (1) x In AABD tango" = 98 8DSol. (2) vB +40 From (1), we have h= x73. From (1) and (2) (x¥3)J3 = x +40 2x = 40 So, h= 2043 [From (1)] :. height of tower = 20/3m. The angles of depression of the foot and the top of an 8 m tall tower from the top of amulti-storeyed building are 45° and 30°, respectively. Find the distance between the tower and the building as well as the height of the mu building. In the given fiure PC = multi storeged building AB = 8m tall tower To find PC and AC Observe that BD | PQ |] AC and AP is transersal line = ZQPA= ZPAC = 45° [-. alternate angle] = ZQPB = ZPED = 30° [.. alternate angle] In right APBD, we have PD . 1 Bp * tan30 = or BD = PDV3 In right APAC, we have fe = tan45' = — PC = AC Also, PC = CD + PD, therefore, CD + PD = AC. Since, BD = AC and AB = CD = 8m, we get PD+8=BD = PDJ3 This gives Po = 8 ese) 43 +1)m B-1 B+ 008-9 Hence, the height of the multi-storeyed building is {4(/3 +1) + 8}m = 4(3 +.V3)m So distance between the buildings = 4(3+/3)mQ. Sol. Sol. Ray from eye of the observer to the top of tower makes angle 60° at 200 meter away from foot of tower. Find height of tower. In figure ic Height of tower = BC and AB = 200 m in nase, tano = 8S AB BC A tan60" = e ‘200m Bc = V3= =~ sec=200/3m B= 500 v3 Hence, height of the tower is 200/3m, ‘The angle of elevation of top of building from point A on ground due south of building is « and from point B on ground due East of building is ). If AB = d, then building's height will be “ = ® 2 tan? c-tan?p fran? a+ tan®p d «) @) cot? a +cot”B © 0B = hcot B,0A = hoot, wef cot*B+cot?aSol. Observer standing on top of the 80 m high tower observers angle of depression of the top of the pole be 45° and that of bottom of pole is 60°. Find diff. between height of pole and tower. Let height of tower = MN & height of pole = LP =h We can observe ZNPQ = 45° & ZNLM = 60° N Let PQ =x=LM In APQN 80-h NQ tanase = 5 at — 312 80-h 5 y2g0-n Ai) * 2 x In ALMN h h 80° NM A tan 60° = —— [3 = — an in B=" L x 0 xe KI ©. Difference between height of tower & pole is 80. va Avertical tower consists of two parts, the upper part being two third of the whole. At a point on the horizontal plane through the base of the tower and at a distance of 20 meters from it, the upper part of the tower subtends an angle 80 -h=x= (From (i) & (ii). whose tangent is > The possible heights of the tower are (A) 20 mand 203m (C) 16 m and 48 m (£) 20 mand 60 m (D) None of theseSol. Sol. «@) Heota =a z FH vtana and 4 tang HH. 1_g 73d tan(p-a)-1- 9-5 SE ae Ho 4H arte ad?” 3d = HP adn + 3d? = H? -80H+3(400) = 0 = H= 20 or 60 m. ‘Two cars on either side of tower of unknown height are being observe. At the moment from top of tower cars are making angle of depression equal to 60° & 45° and distance between them at that time is 20055"), then find the height of the tower. Let A&B are two cars on either side of the tower CD. We can find, ZCBD = 45° and ZCAD = 60° 200(V3 +1) ae In ABDC, 2D = 90° co 0 = Bp 7 tanas = 2.15cp-e0 A) =D Again, in AADC, 2D = 90° co o _, CD co s “=== tan60® > —s I> = AD onli aD an V3 z ii) Given, AB= + Gi) giveove0+ ep. a8 co[ | 3 V3+1 (B41 f, 200(/3 +1) = 200 =co ABS m ( V3 UB \ v3 On comparing, we get cb = 200 Hence, the height of tower is 200 m. | An observer from some height observes angle of depression of car moving toward him at different times. At time t1 angle of depression be 30°. After driving for three minutes angle of depression increases by 30°, Find the time that car will take to reach the free. A) 4 min. @as (1.5 mi (©) 2 min. Sol. © d=heot 30° -heot60° and time = 3 min, Speed = Meotao" soto") per minute h Total distance travelled = hcot 60° in heot60°x3 1.5 minute. = = Wieot 30° - cor 60%) ¢ | Abuilding is standing on a horizontal plane. A vertical flagstaff of height h is mounted on top of it. From a point on the plane, the angle of elevation of the top and bottom of the flagstaff is [} and a. Show that the height of the building tana is htana tanp-tana D. Sol. Let the height of the building BC be x and CD be the flagstaff. Let CD = h. Ih Let @ be the given point on the plane. In SABC, right angled at B, we have BC x tana = BC 2B ‘ Ea = tana = 7 ays ) yIn AABD, right angled at 8, we have 8D, whtx hex tang = 35 = tanp = 9 y= (2) From (1) and (2), we get x hex x J hy x yt > tana tanB tana tang tanB nof i 4 J at =x —— tanB “(tana tanp. h__ x(tang - tana) tanB tanatanB __htanaxtanp htana x=_htanaxtanB __, , = _htana_ Tanp(tanf- tana) tanp-tana Hence, height of the building = hana _ Tanp - tana oO Length of shadow of pole is observed when elevation of light source is 38°. Length shadow of a pole is 2.05 meters when pole is inclined at 10° vertically towards light source. The length of the tower is 2.05 sin 38° (2.05 sin 42° 2.05 cos 38° ——_——: © —__—— ————— (D) None of these sin42” ‘sin 38° cos 42° Sol “ Pp sin38* _ sin(2sP0) 2g T 2.05 l = Sin(180° ~ 38° - 90° - 10°) _ | _ 2.05sin36° 10° 2.05 singe? A St05m 0Q. Sol. LetaverticaltowerABhaveitsendAonthelevel ground.LetC bethe mi andP bea point on the ground such that AP = 2AB. if “BPC =(5, thentan{iis equalto 1 6 We @, In given figure Let AB=h &AP=2h Let CPA =a In ABP. i=tanatanp 2 In AAPC AP oh 4 from (i) & (ii) te tanp A ~ tanB 4 1+4tanB 1 a-tanp 2 ot + 2 2+ BtanB = 4 - tanB Stang = 2 =tanp = 2 9 An observer in a boat finds that the angle of elevation of the top of cli 1 2 (ot os 3 a nl oc Iva a x P m0) and that of a tower standing on the top of a cliff is 60°. If the height of the tower is 60 meters, then the height of the cliff i: (a) 30 m (8) 60/3 m (©) 20/3 m (0) None of theseSol w (60 + h)cot 60° = heot 30° Le a From a pole x meter above the ground angle of elevation & depression of top & foot of tower be 6 & 6 respectively. Show that height of tower is x(1 + tané cot). Let k be the height of pale & x + h be the height Pp of tower let distance between tower & pole be k. In ARTQ h is r =h* tang RT k=xcotp i) x| x Now in PRT PT tand = ar % 4 tan@ Ba k=h cote (ii) from (i) & = x cot tand So height t of tower is x+h=x+xcotptand = x(1 + cote tano) 10.