CHAPTER 6 Height and Distance Introduction Exercises Single Correct Answer Type Answers Key 6.1-6.4 6.1 62 6.2 6.3INTRODUCTION We have studied about trigonometric ratios and their applications in solving triangles involved in different cases. These ratios are also useful to solve problems regarding heights and distances around us in real life. This is why scholars around the world have been studying trigonometry for ages. It is not possible to measure every distance using measuring tape, for instance, altitude of an aeroplane at a certain time, distance of a ship from a light house, height of a hill (distance between its foot and summit), distance between two celestial objects etc.. To measure such distances, scientists developed the method of trigonometric ratios. When dealing with heights and depths, we have to measure two types of angles (above and below the observer's eye-level). The instruments called theodolite and sextant are used to measure these angles and then the method of solution of triangles is used to find the required height or distance. ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION ANGLE OF ELEVATION If the object is above the observer's eye-level, the angle between the horizontal line and the line of sight (line from the observer's eye to the object) is called the angle of elevation of the object. Here, the horizontal line is taken in the same vertical plane as that of the observer and the object. object 4 Observers eye In the figure, ovis the angle of elevation. Horizontal ANGLE OF DEPRESSION If the object is below the observer's eye-level, then the angle between the horizontal and the observer's line of sight is called the angle of depression. Here, the horizontal line is taken in the same vertical plane as that of the observer and the object. Observer's eye 8 "a, Horizontal object In the figure, Bis the angle of depression,6.2 Trigonometry ll Exercises I Sees U a lll The tops of two poles of height 20 m and 14 m are connected by a wire. If the wire makes an angle 30° with the horizontal, then the length of the wire is (@) 8m Q) 12m 3) 10m 4) 3m The angle of elevation of the top of an unfinished tower at a point distant 120 m from its base is 45°. If the elevation of the proposed top at the same point is to be 60°, the tower must be raised to a height () 12003 +1)m Q2) 12003-1)m (3) 12013 m (4) 120m 3. A tower of height b subtends an angle at a point O on the ground level through the foot of the tower and at a distance 4 from the foot of the tower. A pole mounted on the top of the tower also subtends an equal angle at O. The height of the pole is a) {S =) QB) if 4. A ladder rests against a wall making an angle a with the horizontal. The foot of the ladder is pulled away from the wall through a distance, so that it slides a distance y down the wall making an angle B with the horizontal. The correct relation is, () y=xtan @) x=ytan a+B a+B 2 2 (3) x=y tan(oc+ B) (4) y= sxtan(or+ By 5, Two flagstafis stand on a horizontal plane. A and B are two points on the line joining their feet and between them. The angles of elevation of the tops of the flagstaffs as seen from A are 30° and 60° and as seen from B are 60° and 45°. If AB is 30 m, then the distance between the flagstaffs is (1) 304 153 2) 45+ 1503 (3) 60—15x3 (4) 60+ 15\3 A snake observesan eagle perching on the top ofa pole 20m high. Its elevation from snake’s eye is 45° before it flies offhorizontally straight away from the snake and after one second the elevation of the eagle reduces to 30°. The speed of the eagle is (1) 1464 mis 2) 17.71 mis (3) 12mis (4) None of these 7. For a man, the angle of elevation of the highest point of a tower situated west to him is 60°. On walking 240 metres to north, the angle of elevation reduces to 30°. The height of the tower is () 503m (3) 60¥6 m (2) 30V6 m (4) 60m 8. A flagstaff stands in the centre of a rectangular field whose diagonal is 120 m. It subtends angles of 15° and 45° at the midpoints of the sides of the field. The height of the flagstaff is (1) 20m (2) 309243 m (3) 30¥2-V3 m (4) 40m 9, ABisavvertical pole resting at the end A on the level ground, Pis.a point on the level ground such that AP = 34B and C is the midpoint of 4B. If AC and CB subtend angles cand B, respectively, at P, then the value of tan B is () 18/19 2) 3/19) 6 (4) 13 10, From the bottom of a pole of height h, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is and the pole subtends angle Bat the top of the tower. The height of the tower is cy Bete 8) =e cou(o.= B)= cota tan(o— B)- tana @) 20a) (4) None of these ‘cot(a— B)—cota 11. A tower subtends an angle o at a point on the same level as the foot of the tower. At a second point, b meters above the first, the angle of depression of the foot of the tower is, B. The height of the tower is (1) bcot atan B (2) btan otan B (3) btan acot B (4) beot acot B 12, Aman standing on a level plane observes the elevation of the top of a pole to be @. He then walks a distance equal to double the height of the pole and then finds that the elevation is now 20, The value of cot @ is () +1 Q) 2-3 (3) 2-1 (4) 243 13. A 5 mhigh pole stands on a building of height 25 m. The pole and the building subtend equal angles at an antenna placed at a height of 30 m. The distance of the antenna from the top of the pole is 2 sv3 w off a> 3 o sf 14, A vertical tower stands on a declivity which is inclined at 15° to the horizontal. From the foot of the tower, a man ascends the declivity for 80 feet and then finds that the tower subtends an angle of 30°. The height of the tower is (1) 40 (6 +12) (2) 20 (6-12) (3) 406-12) (4) 80(N6~ 2) 15. The length of the shadow of a pole inclined at 10° to the vertical towards the sun is 2.05 metres, when the elevation of the sun is 38°, The length of the pole is (4) 56Height and Distance 6.3, 2.05sin 42° 2.05cos 38° O =e 2 38 0s 42 Gy 205sin38° (4) None of these sind? 16, A tower subtends angles @, 20, and 3, respectively, at points 4, B and Call lying on a horizontal line through the foot ofthe tower, Then 22 = BC aw (2) 1+2cos2 17. A harbour lies in a direction 60° south-west from a fort and at a distance 30 km from it. A ship sets out from the harbour at noon and sails due east at 10 km/hour. The ship will be 70 km from the fort at () 7pm. (2) 8 @) Spm. (4) 10pm 18. A tower AB leans towards west making an angle crwith the vertical. The angular elevation of B, the topmost point of the tower, is , as observed from a point C due east of A ata distance d from A. Ifthe angular elevation of B from a point D at a distance 2d due east of Cis 7, then (1) 2 tan o=2 cot B—cot (3) 2+cos3.a@ (a Sm2a (2) 2tan @=3 cot B—cot sin (3) tan a= cot B—cot y (4) none of these Answers Key EXERCISES Single Correct Answer Type LQ) 22 #34 40 54) 6() 78) &@G) 9%) 10) 1G) 124 =13.G) 146) 15.) 16. (2) 17. 2) -18 Q)li Chapter 6 BE il Single Correct Answer Type 1.2) Let AO and CD be the towers. A ° 6m 40" tg 14m [14m 30° e D ° In triangle ABC, AC = 6 cosec 30° = 12 m 2. (2). Let OA be the unfinished tower and itis to be raised to point B. Also, let C be the point of observation. Inthe figure, I a ; =tan 60°= 3 4 A+x= 1203 F Aes => 1204+x= 12005 c 120m => x= 120(3-1)m 3. (4) Let AB be the tower and PB be the pote. From fa, a= and tan 2a = 2** 2tana__ pth ~una a “9 2ba__ p+b a 4. (2) Let AB be the wall, P be the initial position and Q be the final position of the foot of the ladder on the ground, In the figure, PB= OC=1 Intriangle BAP, PA =1.cos a, AB =I sin or Intriangle C4Q, Q4 = cos B, AC= I sin B Now, y= BC = AB~ AC=1 (sin or— sin B) and x=PQ=AQ—AP=1 (cos cos a) (Length of ladder) SI ‘in a — sin B cos B= cose _ tan 25 Peo) 2sin( <2) sin SF) cel) a+B + ral 5.(4) Let x and y be the heights of the lagstaffs at P and Q, respectively. Then AP=x cot 60°= Rey 33, AQ=y cot 30$.128 Trigonometry 6.) 7.0) AB = BP-AP=x— B = 303= 05-1 = xe 15G+9) Similarly, 30= or y= 18 PQ=BP+BQ= x+ 5 (3+) +15 = (60+ 153) m Let DB be the pole and the snake be at point 0. Then ZBOD = 45° and BD = 20 metres. Now, the eagle flies horizontally and reaches at point M in 1 second. 8 M oy 45° ° ‘Then ZMON = 30°, where MN L ON Now, BD = MN = 20 metres From triangle BOD, OD = 20 metres Again from AMO? MY ___20 tan 30°= 2 (ON ~ 20+ DN DN = 2093 — 1) = 20 x 0.732 = 14.64 metres Speed of eagle Pistnee 5 ou = a = 14.64 mis Let OA be the tower of height 4. Also, let B and Cbe the initial and final positions, respectively, of the man, A h aca 3h In triangle 4OB, OB = h cot 60° =: In triangle AOC, OC = h cot 30° = Now in triangle OBC, 08? + BC = 08 +240) =F Bane = p= e407 => b= 60%6m 8.3) 9.@) 10.(1) Let OP be the flagstaff of height “standing at the centre O of the rectangular field ABCD subtending angles 15° and 45° at E and F, respectively. RB In triangle POE, Of In triangle POF, OF = EF= {P+ 2+ arr inf 3 Triangles ACB and FEB are similar. So, AC=2EF => 120= ani2+V3) 30 onf2— V5 y2+v3 On the basis of the given information, following diagram is obtained. = h a é d a Intriangle ABC, d= H cot a In triangle AED, d=(EH—h) cot (cB) = Hoot @=(H— hi) cot (ee B)11.) 12.(4) 13.(3) hncot (a ~ B) cot (a= B) cot Let 4B be the tower of height h, D be the point x m away from Band C be another point b m above D. A In triangle ABD, tana oo ) In triangle BCE, x= boot B e From (1) and (2), we get A= bran cot B Let AB be the pole of height h, Also, let D and C be the initial and final positions of the man. A A Azo pet Lie Seema Intriangle ABC, x= hoot 26 “ In triangle ABD, A= (Qh+s) tan @ Put the value of fom (1) into (2), we get - (+ z ‘an tan?@—4 tan 8+ 1=0 => tanO=243 tan @=2+.3 tan 0=(2-3) = O18 Let AB be the pole standing on the building BC and O be the position of the antenna. (Rejected as otherwise 20= 150°) ots fi Yom 3 Pn 14.) 15.(3) 16.(2) Solutions $.129 In triangle 048, tan a (1) Intriangle OAC, 0 tan 2or 2) From (1) and (2), tan 2a 6 tan = 3-3tn?a=1 = me 3 From (1), x= 5 cot or b Let BC be the declivity and BA be the tower. Using sine rule in AABC, we get BC___AB sin75°sin30° 80sin 30° © sin73* 28 a Let PO be the tower and OS be its shadow. ae => 4B ' 10° 5 205m 0 In triangle SOP, using sine rule, I 2.05 sin3&° — sin(ZSPO) ZSPO = 180° ~ 38° 90° 10° = 42° 2.05sin38° in 42° ay So, from (1), = Let PM be the tower. A BC) OM Given 2BAP = a, ZCBP = 2ocand ZMCP =3 a (ZAPB= ZPBC— ZBAP =2a~ a= a Similarly, ZBPC = a > BP=AB By sine formula in triangle BCP, we have$.130 Trigonometry BC BP Applying cosine formula in AOAB, we get Sin (BPC) ~ sin (ZBCP) cos 69° = OF +48? 08" , « 204-AB Sin a sin (180° ~3a) 1 _ 90045? 4900 5 27 2xa0xx 5 AB sin 3a _3sin ee dsin? = 2-30 400020 BC sina sina S =3-4 sin? o AB=80 km =2(1 cos 2a) Speed of ship = 10 knvhr +2.cos 2a 2 Time=8 hr 17. 2) Let be the position of the harbour and O be the fort. OA =30, 18. (2) Observe the following figure. OB=10, Let AB =x. Using m-n theorem in triangle ABD, we have (d+ 2d) cot B=d cot y— 2d cot (90 + a) 3d cot B=d cot 7 +2dtan a 3 cot B= cot 7+2 tan a = =