12.

Which of the following shows three basic types of functions used frequently for
image enhancement?
Select one:
a. Linear, exponential and inverse law
b. Power law, logarithmic and inverse law
c. Linear, logarithmic and power law
d. Linear, logarithmic and inverse law
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10. Image processing approaches operating directly on pixels of input image work
directly in ____________
Select one:
a. Transform domain
b. Spatial domain
c. None of the Mentioned
d. Inverse transformation
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8. Consider two regions A and B composed of foreground pixels. The ________ of these
two sets is the set of elements belonging to set A or set B or both.
Select one:
a. OR
b. XOR
c. AND
d. NOT
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6. Region of Interest (ROI) operations is commonly called as ___________
Select one:
a. Dilation
b. Shading correction
c.None of the Mentioned
d. Masking
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1. How is array operation carried out involving one or more images?
Select one:
a. row by row
b. column by column
c. array by array
d. pixel by pixel
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20. In contrast stretching, if r1≤r2 and s1≤s2 then which of the following is true?
Select one:
a. The transformation function is single valued and exponentially increasing
b. The transformation function is single valued and monotonically increasing
c. The transformation function is double valued and exponentially increasing
d. The transformation function is double valued and monotonically increasing
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11. Which of the following expression is used to denote spatial domain process?
Select one:
a. g(xy)=T[f(xy)]
b. f(x+y)=T[g(x+y)]
c. g(x,y)=T[f(x,y)]
d. g(x-y)=T[f(x-y)]
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7. If every element of a set A is also an element of a set B, then A is said to be a _________
of set B.
Select one:
a. Subset
b. Disjoint set
c. Complement set
d. Union
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14. What is the general form of representation of log transformation?
Select one:
a.
s=clog10(1*r)
b.
s=clog10(1/r)
c.
s=clog10(1-r)
d.
s=clog10(1+r)
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3. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation to a constant times as
input is the same as the output of operation due to original input multiplied by that
constant is called _________
Select one:
a. None of the Mentioned
b. homogeneity
c. additivity
d. heterogeneity
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21. In which type of slicing, highlighting a specific range of gray levels in an image often
is desired?
Select one:
a. Byte-level slicing
b. Contrast stretching
c. Bit-plane slicing
d. Gray-level slicing
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13. Which expression is obtained by performing the negative transformation on the
negative of an image with gray levels in the range[0,L-1] ?
Select one:
a. s=L-1-r
b. s=L-1+r
c. s=L+1+r
d. s=L+1-r
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19. In contrast stretching, if r1=r2, s1=0 and s2=L-1 then which of the following is true?
Select one:
a. The transformation becomes a override function that creates an octal image
b. The transformation becomes a thresholding function that creates an octal image
c. The transformation becomes a thresholding function that creates a binary image
d. The transformation becomes a thresholding function that do not create an octal image
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5. A commercial use of Image Subtraction is ___________
Select one:
a. MRI scan
b. None of the Mentioned
c. Mask mode radiography
d. CT scan
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 Question text
2. The property indicating that the output of a linear operation due to the sum of two
inputs is same as performing the operation on the inputs individually and then summing
the results is called ___________
Select one:
a. homogeneity
b. None of the Mentioned
c. additivity
d. heterogeneity
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22. Which of the following depicts the main functionality of the Bit-plane slicing?
Select one:
a. Highlighting the contribution made to total image appearance by specific pixels
b. Highlighting the contribution made to total image appearance by specific bits
c. Highlighting the contribution made to total image appearance by specific byte
d. Highlighting a specific range of gray levels in an image
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4. Enhancement of differences between images is based on the principle of ____________
Select one:
a. Subtraction
b. Homogeneity
c. None of the Mentioned
d. Additivity
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16. What is the name of process used to correct the power-law response phenomena?
Select one:
a. Gamma correction
b. Pie correction
c. Alpha correction
d. Beta correction
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9. Imaging systems having physical artefacts embedded in the imaging sensors produce
a set of points called __________
Select one:
a. Control Points
b. Tie Points
c. Reseau Marks
d. None of the Mentioned
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18. In contrast stretching, if r1=s1 and r2=s2 then which of the following is true?
Select one:
a. The transformation is a linear function that produces no changes in gray levels
b. The transformation is not a linear function that produces no changes in gray levels
c. The transformation is a linear function that produces changes in gray levels
d. The transformation is not a linear function that produces changes in gray levels
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15. What is the general form of representation of power transformation?
Select one:
a. s=rc
b. s=crγ
c. s=rcγ
d. c=srγ
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17. Which of the following transformation function requires much information to be
specified at the time of input?
Select one:
a. Power transformation
b. Log transformation
c. Linear transformation
d. Piece-wise transformation

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31. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is
Select one:
a.
CMOS
b.
None of the Mentioned
c.
Photodiode
d.
Microdensitometer
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45. How is radiance measured?
Select one:
a.
hertz
b.
armstrong
c.
watts
d.
lumens
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20. Assume that an image f(x, y) is sampled so that the result has M rows and N columns.
If the values of the coordinates at the origin are (x, y) = (0, 0), then the notation (0, 1) is
used to signify :
Select one:
a.
First sample along second row
b.
Second sample along second row
c.
First sample along first row
d.
Second sample along first row
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21. The resulting image of sampling and quantization is considered a matrix of real
numbers. By what name(s) the element of this matrix array is called __________
Select one:
a.
All of the mentioned
b.
Pixel or Pel
c.
Image element or Picture element
d.
None of the mentioned
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8. How is sampling accomplished when a sensing array is used for image acquisition?
Select one:
a.
The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image
direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b.
The number of sensors in the sensing array defines the limits of sampling in both
directions
c.
None of the mentioned
d.
The number of mechanical increments at which we activate the sensor to collect data
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25. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires
decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels. There are no
requirements on M and N, other than that M and N have to be positive integer. However,
the number of gray levels typically is
Select one:
a.
A Real power of 2 i.e. L = 2k
b.
An integer power of 2 i.e. L = 2k
c.
Two times the integer value i.e. L = 2k
d.
None of the mentioned
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37. The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called
Select one:
a.
Pixelation
b.
None of the Mentioned
c.
Acquisition
d.
Interpolation
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34. The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the
_____________
Select one:
a.
Spacial Domain
b.
Plane of Symmetry
c.
None of the Mentioned
d.
Coordinate Axes
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39. The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is
Select one:
a.
Single Pixel Operation
b.
Image Registration
c.
Geometric Spacial Transformation
d.
Neighbourhood Operations
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5. Validate the statement: “For a given image in one-dimension given by function f(x, y),
to sample the function we take equally spaced samples, superimposed on the function,
along a horizontal line. However, the sample values still span (vertically) a continuous
range of gray-level values. So, to convert the given function into a digital function, the
gray-level values must be divided into various discrete levels.”
Select one:
a.
No idea
b.
True
c.
False
d.
None of the mentioned
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30. In digital image of M rows and N columns and L discrete gray levels, calculate the bits
required to store a digitized image for M=N=32 and L=16.
Select one:
a.
4096
b.
512
c.
16384
d.
8192
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17. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
Select one:
a.
Contrast
b.
Brightness
c.
Saturation
d.
Noise
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19. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following
ways
Select one:
a.
pixels
b.
line pairs
c.
dots
d.
none of the Mentioned
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6. How is sampling been done when an image is generated by a single sensing element
combined with mechanical motion?
Select one:
a.
The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both
directions.
b.
The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data.
c.
The number of sensors in the strip defines the sampling limitations in one direction and
Mechanical motion in the other direction.
d.
None of the mentioned.
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35. The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an
image is ___________
Select one:
a.
Contrast
b.
Noise
c.
Saturation
d.
Brightness
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23. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process
may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central coordinates of
each grid being from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj),
with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is a digital image if (x, y) are integers
from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (that is, a real number from the
set R) to each distinct coordinate pair (x, y). What happens to the digital image if the gray
levels also are integers?
Select one:
a.
The Digital image then becomes a 1-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values
are integers
b.
The Digital image then becomes a 2-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values
are integers
c.
The gray level can never be integer
d.
None of the mentioned
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15. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate
pixel is assigned is ___________
Select one:
a.
bicubic interpolation
b.
nearest neighbour interpolation
c.
bilinear interpolation
d.
cubic interpolation
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43. Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light)
Select one:
a. frequency = wavelength / c
b. c = wavelength / frequency
c. c = wavelength * frequency
d. wavelength = c * frequency
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47. Which of the following is impractical to measure?
Select one:
a.
Frequency
b.
Brightness
c.
Luminance
d.
Radiance
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44. Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a
Select one:
a.
None of the mentioned
b.
tangential wave
c.
cosine wave
d.
sine wave
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36. _____________ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity
levels in smooth areas of a digital image.
Select one:
a.
Gaussian smooth
b.
Contouring
c.
False Contouring
d.
Interpolation
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3. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?
Select one:
a.
Digitizing the amplitude values
b.
None of the mentioned
c.
All of the mentioned
d.
Digitizing the coordinate values
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33. CAT in imaging stands for
Select one:
a.
Computerised Axial Tomography
b.
Computer Aided Telegraphy
c.
Computer Aided Tomography
d.
Computerised Axial Telegraphy
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50. Which of the following embodies the achromatic notion of intensity?
Select one:
a.
Frequency
b.
Radiance
c.
Brightness
d.
Luminance
Question 25

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48. Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called
Select one:
a.
Photon
b.
Electron
c.
Shell
d.
None of the mentioned
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46. Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans?
Select one:
a.
Radio waves
b.
Soft X-Rays
c.
Hard X-Rays
d.
Infrared Rays
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27. After digitization process a digital image with M rows and N columns have to be
positive and for the number, L, max gray levels i.e. an integer power of 2 for each pixel.
Then, the number b, of bits required to store a digitized image is:
Select one:
a.
b=M*N*L
b.
b=M*N*k
c.
b=L*N*k
d.
b=M*L*k
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9. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________
Select one:
a.
All of the mentioned
b.
None of the mentioned
c.
The number of samples
d.
The discrete gray levels
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49. What do you mean by achromatic light?
Select one:
a.
Monochromatic light
b.
Invisible light
c.
Infrared light
d.
Chromatic light
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32. A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition
Select one:
a.
Sensor strips
b.
A photodiode
c.
Sensor arrays
d.
CMOS
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2. To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the function in
__________
Select one:
a.
None of the mentioned
b.
All of the mentioned
c.
Amplitude`
d.
Coordinates
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11. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital
equivalent is called ______________
Select one:
a.
Rasterisation
b.
Sampling
c.
None of the Mentioned
d.
Quantisation
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16. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used
to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________
Select one:
a.
nearest neighbour interpolation
b.
cubic interpolation
c.
bilinear interpolation
d.
bicubic interpolation
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24. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires
decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels allowed for each
pixel. The value M and N have to be:
Select one:
a.
M and N have to be negative integer
b.
M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer
c.
M and N have to be positive integer
d.
M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer
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41. Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.
Select one:
a.
Gamma Rays
b.
Microwaves
c.
Radio Waves
d.
UV Rays
Question 36

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42. In the Visible spectrum the ______ colour has the maximum wavelength.
Select one:
a.
Blue
b.
Red
c.
Yellow
d.
Violet
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12. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of
____________
Select one:
a.
None of the Mentioned
b.
False Contours
c.
Pixillation
d.
Blurring
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38. Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication?
Select one:
a.
Masking
b.
Region of Interest operations
c.
Pixelation
d.
Shading Correction
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29. Validate the statement “When in an Image an appreciable number of pixels exhibit
high dynamic range, the image will have high contrast.”
Select one:
a.
False
b.
True
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28. An image whose gray-levels span a significant portion of gray scale have __________
dynamic range while an image with dull, washed out gray look have __________ dynamic
range.
Select one:
a.
Both have High dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale
b.
High and Low respectively
c.
Both have Low dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale
d.
Low and High respectively
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10. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.
Select one:
a.
sampling
b.
contour
c.
vertex
d.
random
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40. In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in
input and reference images.
Select one:
a.
Tie points
b.
Key-points
c.
Known points
d.
Réseau points
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7. How does sampling gets accomplished with a sensing strip being used for image
acquisition?
Select one:
a.
The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image
direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction
b.
The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both
directions
c.
None of the mentioned
d.
The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data
Question 44

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26. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires
decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels is an integer
power of 2 i.e. L = 2k, allowed for each pixel. If we assume that the discrete levels are
equally spaced and that they are integers then they are in the interval __________ and
Sometimes the range of values spanned by the gray scale is called the ________ of an
image.
Select one:
a.
[0, L – 1] and dynamic range respectively
b.
[0, L / 2] and dynamic range respectively
c.
[0, L / 2] and static range respectively
d.
[0, L – 1] and static range respectively
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1. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is
required?
Select one:
a.
Quantization
b.
Both Sampling and Quantization
c.
Sampling
d.
Neither Sampling nor Quantization
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13. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________
Select one:
a.
Intensity Resolution
b.
Contour
c.
Contrast
d.
Saturation
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22. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process
may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central coordinates of
each grid being from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj),
with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is said a digital image if:
Select one:
a.
(x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to
each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
b.
(x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to
each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
c.
(x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to
each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
d.
(x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to
each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)
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14. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
Select one:
a.
Sampling
b.
Filters
c.
None of the Mentioned
d.
Interpolation
Question 49

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4. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as
Select one:
a.
All of the mentioned
b.
Digitizing the amplitude values
c.
None of the mentioned
d.
Digitizing the coordinate values
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18. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by
Select one:
a.
Brightness
b.
Noise
c.
Contrast
d.
Saturation