NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

College of Engineering
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE 413 – Principles of Stee Design

MODULE #4

Combined Axial Compression & Bending

MODULE#3 – Compression members 2

SAMPLE PROBLEM#1
The member shown in the Figure below is part of a braced frame. If A572 Grade 50 steel is used,
is this member adequate? Kx = Ky = 1.0. Use NSCP 2015 specifications & LRFD Design
Principle.

From NSCP Sec 508.1.1 the interaction equation must be less than the unity (1.0) to be considered
as adequate.

NSCP 508.1-1a

NSCP 508.1-1a

For LRFD Design Principle

For instructional use only

MODULE#3 – Compression members 3

Required Compressive Strength Pr (Pu for LRFD)

Pu=1.2 PD +1.6PL
Pu=1.2 (310) +1.6 (930)
Pu=1860 kN

Required Moment Strength Mr (Mu for LRFD)

The presence of the axial load produces secondary moments, and unless the axial load is relatively small, these
additional moments are called second-order moments & must be accounted for. NSCP permits use of moment
amplification method. Please refer to NSCP Sec 503.2.1.2

P-𝛿 Moments for column P-Δ moment for column in

in braced frame unbraced frame

The required Moment Strength (Mu), shall be determined as follows:

Mu=B1 Mnt + B2 Mlt NSCP 503.2-1a

Where:
Mnt = maximum moment assuming that no sidesway occurs, whether the frame is actually braced or not (the subscript
nt is for “no translation”).
=Mnt will be a factored load moment for LRFD and a service load moment for ASD.
Mlt = maximum moment caused by sidesway (the subscript lt is for “lateral translation”). This moment can be caused
by lateral loads or by unbalanced gravity loads.
=Mlt will be zero if the frame is actually braced. For LRFD, M lt will be a factored load moment, and for ASD, it
will be a service load moment.
B1 = amplification factor for the moments occurring in the member when it is braced against sidesway (P-𝛿 moments).
B2 = amplification factor for the moments resulting from sidesway (P-Δ moments).

In this case B2 will be zero since the column is braced against sidesway, so the ultimate mo:

Mu=B1 Mnt NSCP 503.2-1a

Mnt=1.2 MD +1.6ML
Mnt=1.2 (19) +1.6 (55)
Mnt= 110.8 kNm
For instructional use only
MODULE#3 – Compression members 4

Computing for Amplification factor to account for P-𝛿 moments

𝐶𝑚 NSCP 503.2-2
B1=
1−𝛼𝑃𝑟/𝑃𝑒1
Where:
Cm = reduction coefficient for amplification factor (B 1) & it is taken as follows
a. If there are no transverse loads acting on the member,
Cm=0.6-0.4 (M1/M2) NSCP 503.2-4
M1/M2 is a ratio of the bending moments at the ends of the member. M1 is the end
moment that is smaller in absolute value, M2 is the larger, and the ratio is positive
for members bent in reverse curvature and negative for single-curvature
Bending. Reverse curvature (a positive ratio) occurs when M1 and M2 are both
clockwise or both counterclockwise.
b. For transversely loaded members, Cm can be taken as 1.0

𝑃𝑒1=Elastic Critical Buckling Resistance

𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
=
(𝐾𝐿)2
Pr= Required Axial Compressive Strength (Pu for LRFD, Pa for ASD)
𝛼 = 1.00 for LRFD
= 1.60 for ASD

Cm= 0.6-0.4 (-98/110.8)

Cm = 0.9538 98KNm

𝜋2 𝐸𝐼
Pe1=(𝐾𝐿)2
𝜋2 (200000𝑀𝑝𝑎)(330.90𝑥106 )
Pe1= (1.0∗4300𝑚𝑚)2
Pe1=35229 KN 110.8KNm

0.9538
B1= 1860
1−1.0( )
35229
B1=1.00697 (It means that the moment will be amplified by 0.696%. In this case it’s not that substantial, however,
there will be some cases that the amplification factor will be significant.

Mu=B1 Mnt
Mu=(1.00697)(110.8KNm)
Mu=111.57 KNm

Available Compressive Strength Pc (𝝓Pn for LRFD)

Governing Slenderness ratio:

KL / r = KL / √𝐼/𝐴 ; K = 1.0
= 1.0(4300) / 62.992
= 68.26 < 200 (ok) : refer to NSCp2015 Sec. 505.2

For instructional use only

MODULE#3 – Compression members 5

Critical Slenderness ratio:

Cc = 4.71 √𝐸/𝐹𝑦
= 4.71 √200000/345
= 113.40

For KL/r ≤ Cc *** Since KL / r = 96.620 < Cc = 133.755 ***

𝑭𝒚⁄
Fcr = [𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑭𝒆 ]Fy …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 2

Elastic critical buckling stress:

𝝅²𝑬
Fe = 𝑲𝑳 ……………Eq. 505.3 – 4
( ⁄𝒓)²
𝜋²(200000)
=
(68.26)²
= 423.6075

345⁄
Fcr = [0.658 423.6075 ] (345)
= 245.34 Mpa

Nominal Compressive strength.

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3
Pn = Fcr Ag …………….. Eq. 505.3 – 1
= 245.34 (14064.49)
= 3450.58 KN

Ultimate design strength of the column.

Refer to NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.1

Design Compressive Strength ΦPn: LRFD

Φ Pn ; Φ = 0.90
Φ Pn = 0.90 (3450.58)
Φ Pn = 3105.52 KN

For instructional use only

MODULE#3 – Compression members 6

Available Moment Strength Mc (𝝓Mn for LRFD)

Lb = 4300mm

Width – Thickness ratio of W14x74:

*** Unstiffened – elements
𝑏𝑓
Flange: λf = = 6.41
2𝑡𝑓
*** Stiffened – elements
The web is compact for all hot rolled member in steel section table for Fy≤ 65𝑘𝑠𝑖

Limiting Width – Thickness ratio:

Refer to NSCP 2015 Table 502.4.1

𝑬
Flange: λrf = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖√𝑭𝒚 =9.15 > 6.41 ∴ 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕
Web: ∴ 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕

Since Flange & Web are compact, refer to NSCP Section 506.2.

The nominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states
of yielding (plastic moment) and lateral-torsional buckling.

Yielding

Mn = Mp = FyZx = (345 Mpa)(2064770mm3)

Mn = 712.345 KNm

Lateral Torsional Buckling

Determining Lp & Lr
𝐸
Lp =1.76ry√𝐹𝑦

=1.76(62.992)√200000/345
=2670 mm

𝐸 𝐽𝑐 2
Lr =1.95rts0.7𝐹𝑦 √𝑆 √1 + √1 + 6.76 (0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 )
𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝐸 𝐽𝑐

200000 (1.61𝑥106 ) ∗ (1.0) 0.7(345) 1835351.168 (340.36)

= 1.95(71.628) √ √1 + √1 + 6.76 ( )
0.7(345) 1835351.168 (340.36) 200000 (1.61𝑥106 ) ∗ (1.0)

= 𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟎𝒎

For instructional use only

MODULE#3 – Compression members 7

Since Lp<Lb < Lr , the nominal moment strength is

𝑳𝒃 − 𝑳𝒑
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪𝒃 [𝑴𝒑 − (𝑴𝒑 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚 𝑺𝒙 ) ( )]
𝑳𝒓 − 𝑳𝒑
Use Cb= 1.06

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿 𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )]
𝐿 𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
4300 − 2670
= 1.0 [712.345 𝑥106 − (712.345 𝑥106 − 0.7(345)1835351.168) ( )]
9430 − 2670
= 𝟔𝟒𝟔. 𝟗𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵𝒎𝒎

The Design Moment Strength is

Φ𝑀𝑛 = 0.90(𝟔𝟒𝟔. 𝟗𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑁𝑚𝑚)

Φ𝑀𝑛 = 𝟓𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵𝒎𝒎

Summary
Pu =1860 KN
Mu =111.57 KNm
ΦPn = 3105.52 KN
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 582.27 𝐾𝑁𝑚

Since
𝑃𝑢 1860
= = 0.60 > 𝟎. 𝟐
Φ𝑃𝑛 3105.52

The interaction equation will be used is

𝑃𝑢 8 𝑀𝑢
+ ( ) NSCP 508.1-1a
Φ𝑃𝑛 9 Φ𝑀𝑛

1860 8 111.57
+ ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝟗 < 𝟏. 𝟎 ∴ SAFE!
3105.52 9 582.27

For instructional use only

MODULE#3 – Compression members 8

REFERENCES:

• STEEL DESIGN 5th edition. W.T. Segui

• STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN 5th edition. J.C. McCormac
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 5th edition.
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 6th edition.
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 7th edition.

For instructional use only