Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes

Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 USD (Ultimate Strength Design)

LOADS & LOAD FACTORS

CHAPTER 2

• Dead Loads Gravity / Vertical Forces

• Live Loads
• Wind Loads Horizontal / Lateral Forces
• Earthquake Loads

Earthquake Load Wind Load

• For light structures, the design load is the wind load

• For heavy structures / high – storey buildings, the design load is the earthquake load

Unit weight of pure concrete = 145 pcf or 22.83 kN/m3

Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 pcf or 23.60 kN/m3 OR 24 kN/m3

LOAD FACTOR

Dead Load= 100 x 1.40 Live Load = 100 x 1.70

= 140 = 170

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 LOAD COMBINATION

1.40DL + 1.7 LL

U = required strength
= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L +1.7W)
= 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W

U = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E

f 1= 0.5 for normal buildings (for other live loads)

= 1.0 for floor in places of public assembly area, for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa,
and for garage live load

PD = 120 kN
PL = 60 kN

Find: Pu
Pu = 1.4 (120) + 1.7 (60)
= 270 kN

Find: MU (Design Factored Moment)

MU = 1.2 Pu = 1.2(270)
MU = 324 kN.m

OR:
MD = 1.2 PD = 1.2(120) = 144 kN.m
ML = 1.2 PL = 1.2(60) = 72 kN.m
MU = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
= 1.4(144) + 1.7(72)
MU = 324 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 Problem:

Find: Design Moment @ B

Dead Loads: @ ABC

DFBA = ¼ = 0.714285
¼ + 1/10
DFBC = 0.285715
FEMBC = WL2 = 30(10) 2 = 250 kN.m
12 12
13
Final Moment:
Due to Dead Load,
MB = 178.571 kN.m
Due to Live Load:
(Since WL = WD /3), MB = 178.571 / 3 = 59.524 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
DueAlberto
Engr. to Earthquake Load:
S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 MB = + 25

Load Case 1 :
1.40D + 1.7L MU = 1.4(178.571) + 1.7(59.324)
= 351.19 kN.m
Load Case 2: (f1 = 0.5) (PE )
MU = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E
MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) – 1.1(25)
MU = 240.95 kN.m

Load Case 3: (PE )

MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) + 1.1(25)
MU = 295.95 kN.m

∴ DESIGN MOMENT
MU = 351.19 kN.m

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

(Art. 409 – 4.2)
Φ = 0.90 (moment) = 0.75 (spiral columns)
= 0.85 (shear) = 0.70 (tied columns)
ex.
MCAP = 100 x 0.90
= 90 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday
SAMPLE5:00PROBLEM:
– 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 Analysis :
Given : b, d, As, f' c, fy
Find : Mu =φ Mn, φ =0.90 →for moment
= 0.85 →for shear
Mn =nominal moment capacity
Mu =φ Mn =ultimate moment cap.

Balanced Condition:

a = β1 c

c d 0.003 600
= →c = d= d
0.003 0.003 + (fy/Es ) 0.003 + (fy/Es ) 600 + fy
Asfy = ab × 0.85f' c
600
a = β1 c = β1 d
600 + fy
600 0.85f' c
As = β1 db ×
600 + fy fy

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
ρ=
b
As
bd
β0.85
=1
fy
f 'c
×
600
600 + fy

ρmin =
f' c
4fy
or =ρ
1.40
min
fy
=
As min
bd
; choose w/c ever is

ρmax =0.75 ρbal →

under reinforced

ρact =
As
bd
ρ bal =1 ( β 0.85
fy
f 'c
)(
600
600 + fy
)

β= 0.85 -
1
0.05
7
(f' c - 30)

Req' d ρ × vs. ρ
4
min
3

Pr ocedure :
1.) ρ
max (4.10.4.3)

ρ (4.10.6)
min

2.) ρ =
As
act
bd
3.) If ρ ρ →use As =ρ bd
ρ ρ → ρ ρ ρ ρ
act max max

use As =
max As = =
min act max  act 

ρ ρ → act
4
3
use As = As min act

Asfy
4.) a =
0.85f' cb
5.) φMu =0.90 ×Asfy(d -
a
2
)
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu ≤φ Mn →Mn ≥
φ
As = ρ bd
Asfy
a=
0.85f' c(b)
Mu a ρ bdfy
= Asfy(d - ) = ρ bdfy(d - )
φ 2 1.7f' cb
Mu ρ fy
= ρ bd 2 fy(1 - )
φ 1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2 =
φR
ρ fy
where R = ρ fy(1 - ) MPa
1.7f' c
M M
σ= → s=
s σ
Let :
Mu ρ fy fy
X= = ρ[1 - ] :m =
φbd 2 fy 1.7f' c 0.85 f ' c
ρm
X = ρ[1 - ]
2
m 2
ρ − ρ + x =0
2
m
1- 4× X
4
Req' d ρ =1 ±
m
2×
2
1 - 2mX
ρ =1 -
m
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu ≤ φ Mn →Mn ≥
φ
As = ρ bd
Asfy
a=
0.85f' c(b)
Mu a ρ bdfy
= Asfy(d - ) = ρ bdfy(d - )
φ 2 1.7f' cb
Mu ρ fy
= ρ bd 2 fy(1- )
φ 1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2 =
φR
ρ fy
where R = ρ fy(1 - ) MPa
1.7f' c 2
M M
σ= → s=
s σ
Let :
Mu ρ fy fy
X= 2
= ρ[1 - ] :m =
φbd fy 1.7f' c 0.85f ' c
ρm
X = ρ[1 - ]
2
m 2
ρ −ρ + x = 0
2
m
1- 4 × X
Req' d ρ =1 ± 4
m
2×
2
1 - 2mX
ρ =1 -
m
 As = ρbd

Procedure :
1.) ρmax , ρmin
2.) Choose ρ < ρmax
> ρmin
ρfy
3.) R = ρfy(1- )
1.7f' c
Mu
4.) Req' d bd 2 =
φR
choose b & d & h
Mu fy
5.) X = &m=
φbd fy
2 0.85f' c
1 - 2mX
6.) req' d ρ =1 -
m
7.) Req' d As = ρbd
As
n= →no. of bars
Ab

Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Stress – Strain Diagram Steel Stress – Strain Diagram

Cc kd
kd ≈ 1/3 d

a = β1 c (article 410.3.7.3)
β1 = 0.85 for f’c < 30 Mpa
β1 = 0.8 – 0.05 (f’c –30) for f’c > 30 Mpa
7
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
β1 ≥ 0.65
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 Steel: Єy = fy GRADE 40
Es Єy = 276 = 0.00138
200,000
ANALYSIS:
Given: b, d, As, f’c, fy
Find: Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity
Mu = øMo = Ultimate Moment Capacity

∑F = 0  Cc = Ts
0.85 f’c a b = As fy

∑M = 0 
Mn = Cc or Ts (d – a)
2

Maximum Steel Ratio, ρmax

Under – Reinforced

ρ < 0.75 ρbal

Balance Condition.

Cb = 0.003 d= 0.003 d Es
0.003 + Єy 0.003 + fy Es
Es

Cb = 600 d
600 + fy

Cb = β1 cb

Balance Condition
Strain

Note: Es
Reinforced Concrete = 200,( 000
Design RCDMPa
–1) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 ∑F = 0 => a = As fy Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 0.85 f’c h 2k6 – 2k7
 Req’d ρ < ρmin => 4 ρreq’d vs. ρmin whichever is
As = 0.85 f’c a b 3 lesser
fy
1) ρact = As , ρmax , ρmin
Asb = 0.85 f’c ab b bd
fy 2) If ρact > ρmax
= 0.85 f’c b (β1 600 d)  use : ρ = ρmax
fy 600 + fy As = ρmax bd
If pmax > ρact > ρpmin
ρbal = Asbal = β1 0.85 f’c 600  use : ρact = ρactual
bd fy 600 + fy As = Asactual
If p < ρmin
ρmax = 0.75ρb  use: ρ = (4/3) ρact
As = (3/4) Asactual
Maximum Steel Ratio, ρmin 3) a = Asfy
0.85 f’c b
ρmin = Asmin = √f’c or 1.4 whichever is 4) Mn = Asfy (d – a/2)
Bd 4fy fy greater Mu = øMn

Design

Given: f’c, fy
Mu factored Moment = øMn => Mn = Mu/ø

1) ρmax, ρmin

PART A: Design of Beam Section (b & d)

2) Choose ρ (based ρmax & ρmin)

 ρfy 
 R = ρfy1 − 
 1.7f ' c 

3) Req’d bd2 = Mu
φR
Choose b and d

PART B: Design of Main Reinforcements (As)

4) As 
a. X = Mu
ø bd2 fy

b. m = fy
0.85 fc’
1 − 1 − 2mX
c. Req’d ρ =
m
d. As = ρbd
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
  1 
 a  A s fy 
As
Mn = A s fy d −  = A s fy d − 2  let ρ = : A s = ρbd
 2  0.85f ' cb  bd
 
 
 ρbdfy 
Mn = ρbdfy d − 
 1.7f ' cb 
Mn  ρfy 
2
= ρfy1 − =R
bd  1.7f ' c 
Mu fy
let X = 2
and m =
φbd fy 0.85f ' c
 ρfy  ρ2 m
X = ρ
1 −  = ρ −
 2(0.85f ' c) 
 2
ρ2 m 1 ± 1 − 4(m / 2)X
ρ− −X = 0 :ρ=
2 2( m / 2)
 1 − 1 − 2mX 
: ρ = 
 m 

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
Example1
Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam section shown. Use f’c = 35 MPa and GR. 60 bars.
 Solution :
 0.05   0.05 
1.) β 1 = 0.85 − (f ' c − 30)  = 0.85 − (35 − 30) 
 7   7 
β 1 = 0.81429
 0.85f ' c   600 
ρ max = 0.75ρ Bal = 0.75β 1   
 fy   600 + fy 
 0.85x 35   600 
ρ max = (0.75)(0.81429)  
 414   600 + 414 
ρ max = 0.031890
 f' c 35 
 ρ min = = = 0.0035725
 4fy 4x414  ∴ (higher value) ρ min = 0.0038164
 1.4 1.4 
 ρ min = = = 0.0038164 
 fy 414 
As π
ρ act = : As = (282 )(4) = 2463.01 mm 2
bd 4
 2463.01 
ρ ct =   = 0.013031
 300x630 

2.) ρ max > ρ act > ρ min

ρ = ρ act = 0.013031
As = Asact

Asfy 2463.01x414
3.) a = = = 114.25
0.85f' cb 0.85x 35x 300

a
4.) Mu = φ Mn = φ Asfy(d − )
2
 114.25  -6
Mu = 0.9(2463.01)(414) 630 −  (1 × 10 )
 2 
Mu = 525.74 kN - m

Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c = 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use ρ = 0.015, d = 2b and
h = d + (d b /2 + d bs + 50)
where : d bs = stirrup bar diameter = 12mm ; d b = 32mmφ
PD = 70 kN PL = 50 kN
WD = 20kN/m WL = 15kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
Solution :
1.) .85 − (.05 / 7) ×(35 − 30) = 0.81429
ρmax = (.75)(0.81429)[(.85 ×35) / 414][600/(600 + 414)] = 0.031890
ρmin = f' c /4fy
= 35 /4(414) or 1.4/fy
=.0035725 or .0038164 ∴ρmin = .0038164
ρact = As/bd ; As = π / 4( 28 )(4)
2

As = 2463.01 mm 2
ρct = 2463.01/(300 ×630) = 0.013031

2.) ρmax > ρact > ρmin

ρ = ρact = 0.013031
As = As act

3.) a = Asfy/(0.85f' c)
= 2463.01(414)/[0.85(35)(300)
=114.25

4.) Mu = 0.9(2463.01)(414)[630 - (114025/2)](1 ×10 -6 )

Mu = 5250.54 kN/m

Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c = 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use ρ = 0.015, d = 2b and
h = d + (d b /2 + d bs + 50)
where : d bs = stirrup bar diameter =12mm ; d b = 32mmφ
PD = 70 kN PL = 50 kN
WD = 20kN/m WL =15kN/m
 Pu = 1.4(70) + 1.7(50)
= 183kN
Wu = 1.4(20) + 1.7(15)
= 53.5kN/m

WuL2 (53.5)(102 )
M max = Pu(1.5)(2) + Pu(0.5)(3) + = 183(1.5)(2) + 183(0.50)(3) +
8 8
M max = 1492.25 kNm
 0.85f' c  600   0.85x21  600 
ρbal = β1   = 0.85  
 fy  600 + fy   276  600 + 276 
ρbal = 0.037653
ρmax = 0.75ρbal = 0.75(0.037653)
ρmax = 0.028246
  f' c   21  
ρmin =  =
 
 = 0.0041509

  4fy   4x 276  
∴ ρmin = 0.0050746
 
ρ =  1.4  =  1.4  = 0.0050746 
 min  fy   276  
 ρfy   0.015x276 
R = ρfy1 −  = (0.015)(276)1 - 
 1.7f ' c   1.7x21 
R = 3659900 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7
 Re q ' d bd 2 = Mu/φ R
d = 2b :
1492.25 x 106
b(2b) 2 =
0.90 x 3.65990
4b = 453.03 ×106
3

b = 483.84 mm ∴say 500mm round to nearest 50

Mu/φR bd 2
d= =
500 500
453.03 ×106
d=
500
d =951.87 mm
h =951.9 +[(32/2) +12 +50]
h =951.9 + 78
h =1029.9 mm say 1100 mm round to nearest 100
d act =1100 - 78
d act =1022 mm

4.) Req' d As
Mu 1492.25x106
a. X = =
φbd 2fy 0.9 x 500 x (1022) 2 x 276
X =0.0115
fy 276
b. m = =
0.85f' c 0.85x 21
m =15.462
Req' d ρ:
1 - 1 - 2mX 1 − 1 −( 2 x15.462 x 0.0115)
ρ= =
m 15.462
ρ = 0.012760
As =ρbd
=0.012756(500)(1022)_
As =6518.316 mm 2
As 6518.316
n= =
Ab ( π/4)(32) 2
n =8.10 say 9 pcs. 32 mmφ bars (round up)

E = 4.7 40 = 29.725 GPa

1 1 3  L  1  wL3  L  1  1 3  L 
IC = = 17.067
(400)(800)3QUIZ 4: x109 ∴
mm
δ
ULTIMATE
4
= wL   +  DESIGN
STRENGTH   −(USD)
 wL  
12 1
 
3 2 4  6  
5 2  2  3 
1 1 1  wL4 11wL4
200 N/mm (8000) 4
mm 4 δ1 =  3 F+R
(8000) −  FR (3000= )
1. Given f’c = 40 MPa & grade 9
− 60 bars  6 120 912= πEI 120 EI
120determine
a.)
Reinforced * 29 .725 *the
Concrete 17Design
.067 *positive
max. 10
( RCD 3 and
*–29 .725 *17.moments.
1 )negative 067
3
*10 (50) * 83 Strength Design (USD)
Ultimate
2
FR L 4
b.) determine
Monday 5:00 – 9:00the/ Thursday 2
req’d bd 6:00 for a –steelδ =
9:00ratio
2 of 0.01 Lecture Notes
Engr.c.)Alberto
determine the req’d
S. Cañete R = 417175ofN28 mm θ3EI
-FProfessor
number based on b=400 mm for analysis 2k6 – 2k7
assume1 b=400 mm and h= 800 mm F L COMPATIBILITY
M neg = ( 200)(8) 2 − 417.18 * 8 = 3337 δ3 = R
.4 kN - m
3 AE δ1 − δ 2 = δ 3
 953.79
c.) d = *1000 = 1544.2 mm
400
MU 3337.4 *106
x= = = 0.0093907
φbd 2 fy 0.9 * 400(1544.2) 2 * 414
414
M= = 12.176
0.85 * 40
1 − 1 − 2(12.176)(0.0093907)
Req' d ρ = = 0.0099994
12.176
Point of zero shear, 0.from
05 fixed support
β1 = 0.85 − ( 40 − 30) = 0.77857
1 7 ) − 417.18 = 382.82 kN
VL = (200)(800
2 0.85 * 40 600
ρmax = 0.75 * 0.77857 * * = 0.028376
200 414 600 * 414
w( x) = x
40 8
ρmin
1 = = 0.0038192
1  200  ← governs!
w( x )4**x414
= VL ⇒  x = 382.82 kN ⇒ x = 5.5340 m
2

2 1.4 2 8 
= = 0.0033816
2
M pos =414(5.534)(382.82) = 1412.4 kN - m < 3337.4 kN - m
∴ρmin =30.0038192
Since req' d ρ ∴ <ρMmax = 3337.4
max ⇒ AS = ρ kN
bd- m
> ρmin = 0.0099994 * 400 *1544.2
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) 4 Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
 0.01 *=414  mm
Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday6176.4
b. R = 0.01 * 414 1 -  =–39:00
6:00 .8879 MPa Lecture Notes
 1 .7 * 40
6176- .Professor
4 
Engr. Alberto S.
n= Cañete = 10.03 say
6 10 or 11 bars 2k6 – 2k7
Req' d. bd 2 =π *U(28
M 3337.4 *10
= )2 = 953.79 *106 mm3
4φR 0.9 * 3.8879
2.) Determine the maximum live load WL that the beam can carry based on the capacity of the
beam section @ B shown below. Use WD = 10 kN/m, f’c = 28 MPa, and grade 40 bars.
 1  (1.7 WL ) 7.5   (1.4 WD )7.5 
VC = +  = 2.125WL + 52.5
3  2   2 
1  2.5  1
MB = (0.51WL )(2.5)  + (1.4 * 10) + ( 2.125WL + 52.5)2.5
2

2  3  2
M B = 175 + 5.8438WL

0.85 * 28 600
ρmax = 0.75 * 0.85 * * = 0.037653
276 600 * 276
28 1.4
ρmin = = 0.0047930 or = 0.0050725 ⇒ ρmin = 0.0050725
4 * 276 276
( 25) 2 * 4
d = 650 + * 80 = 704.05 mm
(25) 2 * 4 + (20) 2 * 3

AS =
π
4
[4 * 25 2
]
+ 3 * 202 = 2905.97 = 2906 mm 2

2906 < ρmax

ρ= = 0.010319
400 * 704.05 > ρmin
2906 * 276
a= = 84.250 mm
0.85 * 28 * 400
 84.250  −6
φMn = 0.9 * 2906 * 276 704.05 -  * 10 = 477.81 kN - m = 175 + 5.8438WL
 2 
WL = 51.817 kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD – 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 – 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 – 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Cañete - Professor 2k6 – 2k7