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Maths Report... Abinanthan 2529

The document is a certificate for a student named Abinanthan V for their practical work in mathematics laboratory during the academic year 2023-2024. It includes an acknowledgement section thanking various teachers and administrators for their support and guidance during the project. The index lists two activities - the first aims to verify that a given relation R between lines in a plane is an equivalence relation, and the second aims to demonstrate a function that is not one-to-one but is onto.

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38 views9 pages

Maths Report... Abinanthan 2529

The document is a certificate for a student named Abinanthan V for their practical work in mathematics laboratory during the academic year 2023-2024. It includes an acknowledgement section thanking various teachers and administrators for their support and guidance during the project. The index lists two activities - the first aims to verify that a given relation R between lines in a plane is an equivalence relation, and the second aims to demonstrate a function that is not one-to-one but is onto.

Uploaded by

nareanstudies2529
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA

MANGADU
Academic session:2023-24

MATHEMATICS
Submitted by
NAME : Abinanthan . V
CLASS : XII A
ROLL NUMBER :

1
VELAMMAL EDUCATIONAL TRUST

VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA
MANGADU

Name : Abinanthan . V Batch no:


Class : XII A Regd . No:

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by
Mr .ABINANTHAN in the Math laboratory during the year
2023-2024

Teacher-in-charge
Submitted for the practical examination in
at held on

PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXAMINERS EXTERNAL EXAMINERS

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have
bestowed the blessings and heart pledged support upon me , I take this
opportunity to express my gratitude to all, who have been instrumental
in the successful completion of this project.

Primarily, I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary, The


correspondent, shri M.V.M. VEL MOHAN, The principal,

Ms. SHAMSUNNISA BEGUM, and the senior secondary Sr.Head


Miss ,SUDARKODI providing the best of facilities and

environment to bring out innovation and spirit of inquiry trough this


venture.

I am deeply indebited to my teacher Mr.A.ABDULLA SHERIFF, without


whose constructive feedback, this project would not have been
successful. The valuable advice and suggestions for corrections ,
modifications and improvements did enhance the quality of the task.

I would also like to thank my parents, friends and all the members who
contributed to this project was vital for the success of the project.
I am grateful for their constant support and help.

3
INDEX

ACTIVITY CONTENT PAGE


NUMBER NUMBER

To verify that the relation R in


1. the setL of all lines in a plane,
defined by R = {( l, m) : l || m} is
an equivalenc erelation.

To demonstrate a function
2. which isnot one-one but is
onto.

4
ACTIVITY-1

OBJECTIVE:

To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by R = {( l, m) : l || m} is an
equivalenc erelation.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:

 A piece of plywood.
 Some pieces ofwire (8).
 Plywood.
 Nails.
 White paper.
 Glue.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
Take a piece of plywood of convenient size and paste a white paper
on it. Fix the wires randomly on the plywood with the help of nails
such that some of them are parallel, some are perpendicular to
each other and some are inclined as shown in Fig. 2.

5
Fig.2
DEMONSTRATION:

1. Let the wires represent the lines l1, l2, ..., l8.
2. l1 is perpendicular to each of the lines l2, l3, l4 (see Fig. 2).
3. l6 is perpendicular to l7.
4. l2 is parallel to l3, l3 is parallel to l4 and l5 is parallel to l8.

5. (l2, l3), (l3, l4), (l5, l8),  R

OBSERVATION:
1. In Fig. 2, every line is parallel to itself. So the relation R = {( l, m) : l || m}
Is reflexive relation.
2. In Fig. 2, observe that l2 ǁl3 . and l3 || l2.

So, (l2, l3) ∈ R →(l3, l2) R.


Similarly, l3 || l4. Is l4 || l3.
So, (l3, l4) R→ (l4, l3)  R.
and (l5, l8) R→ (l8, l5)  R.

The relation R is symmetric relation.

6
3. In Fig. 2, observe that l2 || l3 and l3 || l4 and l2||l4.
So, (l2, l3) R and (l3, l4)  R (l2, l4) R.

Similarly, l3 || l4 and l4 || l2. Is l3|| l2.

So, (l3, l4) R, (l4, l2) R → (l3, l2) R.


Thus, the relation R is transitive relation.

Hence, the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. So, R is an


equivalence relation.

7
ACTIVITY-2

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate a function which is not one-one but is onto.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Cardboard.
 Nails.
 Strings.
 Adhesive.
 Plastic strips.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:

1.Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the cardboard and fix three
nailson it as shown in the Fig.3.1. Name the nails on the strip as 1, 2 and 3.
2.Paste another strip on the right hand side of the cardboard and fix two nails
inthe plastic strip as shown in Fig.3.2. Name the nails on the strip as a and b.
3.Join nails on the left strip to the nails on the right strip as shown in Fig. 3.3

8
DEMONSTRATION:

1.Take the set X = {1, 2, 3}


2.Take the set Y = {a, b}
3.Join (correspondence) elements of X to the elements of Y as shown in Fig. 3.3

OBSERVATION:

1. The image of the element 1 of X in Y is a


The image of the element 2 of X in Y is b
The image of the element 3 of X in Y is b
So, Fig. 3.3 represents a element 2
2.Every element in X has a n o t u n i q u e image in Y. So, the function is
not one-one.
3.The pre-image of each element of Y in X does not exist.So,
the function is not onto.

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