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DC Regulated Power Supply

A DC regulated power supply is needed to convert alternating current (AC) voltage from a wall outlet into stable direct current (DC) voltage that electronic circuits can use. It contains a transformer to step down the AC voltage, a rectifier to convert it to pulsating DC, and a filter to produce smooth DC. An unregulated power supply's output voltage can vary with changes in load or input voltage. A voltage regulator is added to maintain a constant voltage even with variations. Common types of regulators include zener diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, and switch mode power supplies.

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231 views2 pages

DC Regulated Power Supply

A DC regulated power supply is needed to convert alternating current (AC) voltage from a wall outlet into stable direct current (DC) voltage that electronic circuits can use. It contains a transformer to step down the AC voltage, a rectifier to convert it to pulsating DC, and a filter to produce smooth DC. An unregulated power supply's output voltage can vary with changes in load or input voltage. A voltage regulator is added to maintain a constant voltage even with variations. Common types of regulators include zener diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, and switch mode power supplies.

Uploaded by

sean ballocanag
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 1F

DC Regulated Power Supply

Why do we need a DC Regulated Power Supply?

Everywhere in the world, the electric energy available in houses and industries is in the form of
alternating voltage. The AC supply has a voltage rating of 230 V or 120 V (rms) at a frequency of 50 Hz
or 60 Hz. Nowadays, almost all equipment used in homes and industries include electronic circuits. These
circuits use semiconductor components and devices that require stable dc voltage for their operation.
Batteries cannot be used because they are costly and inconvenient to use so it is just practical to convert
the available AC voltage of mains into DC voltage and can be used for operation of electronic circuits.
The equipment which converts AC voltage into pure and stable DC voltage is called a DC regulated power
supply.

What is the function of a transformer?

The main purpose of a transformer in a dc regulated power supply is to provide electrical


isolation in between AC main supply and secondary output voltage (AC input current and DC
output current). Because of this property, it makes a DC regulated power supply as a
shockproof. The types of the transformer according to use are:

1. step-up transformer
2. step down transformer
3. isolation transformer

The transformer used in DC regulated power supply is generally a step-down transformer which
provides less secondary output voltage. The secondary output voltage in return is then easier for
conversion in dc voltage as well as obtaining the required level of DC voltage.

The transformer primary winding is connected to AC mains and the secondary winding is
connected to the rectifier circuit for conversion in DC voltage.The required voltage level can be selected
depending on the needed DC output voltage. Generally, 9 V, 12 V, 15 V or 18 V with 500 mA, 750 mA,
1 A or 1.5 A transformers are used for the construction of a laboratory purpose DC regulated power
supply as per requirements.
Why are Filter Circuits necessary?

The rectified output voltage that went through a filter circuit is similar to the voltage from that
of a battery. The rectifiers alone cannot provide a ripple free DC voltage but rather provide a pulsating
DC voltage. This means that the output voltage after rectification consists AC voltage variations.
Therefore to produce a pure steady dc voltage level, filter circuits are necessary in a DC regulated
power supply.

What is a Filter Circuit?

The circuit used for filtering the AC voltage variations from rectifier output voltage of rectifier
and produces smooth and pure DC voltage is called a FILTER. The filter circuit blocks the AC
components and passes only the DC components towards the load.

The commonly used filter circuits are:

1. capacitor input filter


2. inductor filter
3. LC filter
4. CLC filter or π filter
5. RC filter

Voltage Regulator

The power supply that consists transformer, rectifier and filter circuit is called an unregulated or
unstabilized power supply. It provides a sufficient steady DC output voltage but the output voltage across
the load resistor may change due to changes in the load current and line voltage, thus an unregulated
power supply cannot provide a constant or stable output voltage. It means it has poor voltage stabilization
or regulation and most of all electronic circuit components require constant operating voltage.

In order to maintain a constant voltage across the load even when there are variations on the AC
supply voltage or in the load current or both, voltage regulation is necessary. The commonly used types
of voltage regulators are:

1. zener diode voltage regulator


2. transistorized series voltage regulator
3. IC voltage regulators
4. SMPS (switch mode power supply)

A zener diode voltage regulator is a basic type of voltage regulator that can provide a stable output
voltage. They come with limited voltage and power ratings so it has a fixed output voltage and load
current.

The transistorized voltage regulator can provide a good stability and its output voltage can be
varied. It is a discrete type of regulator that generates heat. To remove the generated heat, it requires
heavier sinks or fan that makes it bulky.

Among the various types of IC voltage regulators, the 3-pin IC voltage regulator is the most
common. They are easy to use and with low cost.

With the SMPS, regulation is done by the switching of a transistor at a very high rate in order for
it to consume no power. They are mainly used in many analog as well as digital applications and mostly
included in laptops and computers.

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