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Independent and Dependent Events

The document discusses independent and dependent events. Independent events are not affected by other events, while dependent events are affected by other events. The probability of independent events is calculated by multiplying the probabilities of each individual event. Dependent event probabilities change based on prior outcomes and are calculated using conditional probabilities. Examples are provided to illustrate independent events using marbles drawn with replacement from a bag, and dependent events using apples drawn without replacement from a box.

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67 views2 pages

Independent and Dependent Events

The document discusses independent and dependent events. Independent events are not affected by other events, while dependent events are affected by other events. The probability of independent events is calculated by multiplying the probabilities of each individual event. Dependent event probabilities change based on prior outcomes and are calculated using conditional probabilities. Examples are provided to illustrate independent events using marbles drawn with replacement from a bag, and dependent events using apples drawn without replacement from a box.

Uploaded by

khodrbadr5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Independent And Dependent Events

A bag consist of 8 red marbles, 7 blue marbles, 6 green marbles, and 4 yellow marbles.
What is the probability of selecting (A) a red marble? (B) a blue marble on the first try and
then a green marble on the second try with replacement? (C) a yellow marble on the first
try and then a red marble on the second try without replacement? (D) two blue marbles
with replacement? € two green marbles without replacement? Find the mean median
mode and range of these numbers
Independent events Dependent events
• Independent events are events that • Dependent events are events that are
are not affected by the occurrence of affected by the occurrence of other
other events. events.
• The formula for the Independent • The formula for the Dependent Events
Events is, is,
P(A and B) = P(A)×P(B) P(B and A) = P(A)×P(B after A)
• Examples of Independent Events are, • Examples of Dependent Events are,
➢ Tossing one coin was not affected by ➢ The probability of finding a red ball
the tossing of other coins from a box of 4 red balls and 3 green
➢ Raining for a day and getting six in dice balls changes if we take out two balls
are independent events. from the box.
Note: if we replace the marbles in the bag each time, then the chances do not change
and the events are independent:
• With Replacement: the events are Independent (the chances don’t change)
• Without Replacement: the events are Dependent (the chances change)

Examples :
John has to select two students from a class of 10 girls and 15 boys. What is the probability
that both students chosen are boys?
Total number of students = 10 + 15 =25
Probability of choosing the first boy
15
𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 1) =
25
14
𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 2) =
24
𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝑜𝑦 2) = 𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 2)
15 14 7
𝑃 (𝐵𝑜𝑦 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝑜𝑦 2) = ( )× ( )=
25 24 20
7
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑠 𝑖𝑠
20
In a shipment of 20 apples, 3 are rotten. 3 apples are randomly selected. What is the
probability that all three are rotten if the first and second are not replaced?
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 20
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 3
3
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 =
20
2
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 =
19
1
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 =
18
3 2 1
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 = 𝑃(3 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛) = ( × × )
20 19 18
6 1
= =
6840 1140
1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑠,
1140

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