Wideband Power Sensor

Models 5012D, 5016D,

5017D, 5018D and 5019D

Operation Manual

©Copyright 2018 by Bird Electronic Corporation

Instruction Book Part Number 920-5012S Rev. L
Safety Precautions

The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to
any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this
publication. These precautions must be thoroughly understood and apply to all
phases of operation and maintenance.

WARNING
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating Personnel must at all times observe general
safety precautions. Do not replace components or make
adjustments to the inside of the test equipment with the
high voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always
remove power.

WARNING
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while
RF power is present.

WARNING
Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an
enclosure for the purpose of service or adjustment of
equipment except in the presence of someone who is
capable of rendering aid.

WARNING
Safety Earth Ground
An uniterruptible earth safety ground must be supplied
from the main power source to test instruments.
Grounding one conductor of a two conductor power cable
is not sufficient protection. Serious injury or death can
occur if this grounding is not properly supplied.

WARNING
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be
familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.

i
 Safety Precautions

Safety Symbols

WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in personal injury.

CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not
correctly performed, could result in damage to the
instrument.

Note: Calls attention to supplemental information.

Warning Statements

The following safety warnings appear in the text where there is danger to
operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis.

WARNING
Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from
the transmission line while RF power is being applied.
Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard.

On page 2.

WARNING
Do not interrupt the calibration.
On page 5

Caution Statements

The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here for
emphasis.

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Wideband Power Sensors

Safety Statements

USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY
THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY
PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA
POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE
SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM
HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT
BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS
EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT
ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE
L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN MODO
DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA
PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA.

iii
 Safety Precautions

SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE - TRAINED
PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO
NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO EXCLUSIVO
DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL
PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN NUR
FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL. ZUR VERMEIDUNG
GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SIND
WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM
SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ
AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR
PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS
EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE
FAIRE.
ASSISTENZA TECNICA
LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO PREVISTE
ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE OPPORTUNAMENTE
ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE
NON EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE
QUALIFICATI A FARLA.

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Wideband Power Sensors

About This Manual

This manual covers the operating and maintenance instructions for the
following models:

5012D 5016D
5017D 5017D-AV
5018D 5019D

Changes to this Manual

We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you discover
any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual, please send
your comments to our Solon, Ohio factory. This manual may be periodically
updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part number
and revision on the title page.

Literature Contents

Chapter Layout

Introduction — Describes the features of the Wideband Power Sensor and

Element Types.
Installation — Describes how to connect and install the Wideband Power
Sensor into the system that is being monitored.
Operation — Describes how to run and maintain the Wideband Power Sensor.
Specifications — Describes the basic information, settings, and ranges of the
Wideband Power Sensor.

v
 Table of Contents

Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Warning Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Caution Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Safety Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Changes to this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Literature Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Chapter Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Digital Power Meter (DPM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Virtual Power Meter (VPM) Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Bird RF Meter Android App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Zeroing Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5000-EX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5000-XT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Function Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Video Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Low Repetition Rate Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 4 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5012D Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . 15

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Wideband Power Sensors

Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5016D Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . 19
Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5017D/5017D-AV Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . 25
Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5018D Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . 29
Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5019D Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Sensor Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Match Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Peak Envelope Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Burst Average Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Crest Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . 34
Physical and Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

vii
Chapter 1 Introduction

Description

The Bird 5012D, 5016D, 5017D, 5017D-AV, 5018D, and 5019D Wideband Power
Sensors (WPS) are Thruline sensors that can measure average, peak, or burst
power, VSWR, crest factor, and Complementary Cumulative Distribution
Function (CCDF). They can be used with the Bird 5000-EX and 5000-XT Digital
Power Meters (DPM), Site Analyzer, SignalHawk, Bird Virtual Power Meter
(VPM) Software, and the Bird RF Meter Android App.
Note: Firmware upgrades extending the WPS’s capabilities may
be periodically released. For the latest firmware upgrade, contact
Bird Customer Service at (440) 248-1200 or visit our website at
http://www.birdrf.com

1
Chapter 2 Installation

Connections

:eN
to
5012D
5016D
5017D
5018D 5012A
5019D

USB &
Serial
USB

WARNING
Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment
from the transmission line while RF power is being applied.
Leaking RF energy is a potential health hazard.

Digital Power Meter (DPM)

To connect the WPS to the Digital Power Meter, use the serial cable provided.
Connect the male end of the cable to the DPM and the female end to the WPS.
A separate power supply for the WPS is not required when using a DPM.
Note: Connect the WPS to the RF line so that the arrow on the
sensor points towards the load.

2
 Installation

Virtual Power Meter (VPM) Software

There are two ways to connect the WPS to a PC running the Virtual Power
Meter Software:
 FOR USE WITH OLDER VPM1 SOFTWARE ONLY: To connect using the
serial port, first connect a 12V DC power supply to the WPS. Once the
STATUS LED turns on and begins blinking, use the serial cable provided
and connect the female end of the cable to the computer and the male
end to the WPS. The WPS must be powered up before connecting to
the PC.
 FOR USE WITH ALL VERSIONS OF VPM SOFTWARE: To connect using
the USB port, connect the USB cable to the computer and to the WPS.
A separate power supply is not required when using the USB port.
Note: When using the optional serial to USB adapter, connect the
WPS serial port to the adapter’s serial port, and the adapter’s USB
connector to the PC.

Bird RF Meter Android App

An On-The-Go (OTG) cable must be connected to the Android device. A USB

cable is connected from the OTG Cable to the WPS.

3
Chapter 3 Operation

Zeroing Sensor

5000-EX

Over time, the sensor’s “zero value” (reading with no applied RF power) can
drift due to environmental factors (temperature, humidity, etc.) This can make
the readings performed by this sensor less accurate by the drift value. If the drift
would be a significant error, re zero the sensor.
1. Ensure the sensor has reached a stable operating temperature.
2. Ensure no RF power is applied to the sensor.
3. Press “Zero” to begin Calibration.
Note: Calibration will take about 40 seconds. Do not interrupt the
calibration! A bar on the screen will display calibration progress.
4. Do one of the following:
 If the calibration is successful, “Cal Pass” or “Calibration
Complete” will be displayed.
a. Press any key to return to normal operation.
 If calibration fails, “Cal Fail” will be displayed.
a. Press a key to return to normal operation,
b. Ensure that the WPS is properly connected, and the RF is off.
c. Rezero. Go back to Step 3.

4
 Operation

5000-XT

1. Make sure the sensor has reached a stable operating temperature.

2. Make sure no RF power is applied to the sensor.
3. Press and hold “0” for two seconds to begin zero calibration.
WARNING
Do not interrupt the calibration.

Note: “Zero/Cal” will be displayed and calibration will begin.

Note: Zeroing the sensor takes 60 seconds. The bar graph will dis-
play calibration progress.
Note: When complete, “PASS” should be displayed.
4. Press Enter to return to normal operation when zeroing is complete.
Note: If “FAIL” is displayed, make sure no RF power is applied to
the sensor and perform the procedure again.

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Wideband Power Sensors

Function Descriptions

Figure 1 Average and Peak Envelope Power - Square Wave Signal

Average Power

Average power is a measure of the equivalent “heating” power of a signal, as

measured with a calorimeter. It measures the total RF power in the system, and
does not depend on number of carriers or modulation scheme. The WPS is a
broadband sensor that measures power across its entire frequency range. Its
diodes operate in their ‘square law’ region so that the detector output is directly
proportional to the average power, without any additional error correction.
Average power is the most important measurement of any transmission system
since the average power is normally specified on the operating license. It is also
valuable as a maintenance tool, showing overall system health, and for
calibration.

VSWR

VSWR measures the relation between forward and reflected average power.
The Bird Wideband Power Sensor calculates the VSWR from the Forward and
Reflected Average Power measurements. Rho and Return Loss are also the
same measurement, but in different units:
Rho

Rho    = PR  PF

VSWR

1+
VSWR = ------------
1–
Return Loss (dB)

ReturnLoss  dB  = 10 log  P R  P F 

6
 Operation

The health of the feedline and antenna systems can be monitored using VSWR
measurement under full power operating conditions. High VSWR is an indicator
of feed line damage, overtightened cable or feed line clamps, or antenna
changes/damage due to weather conditions, icing, or structural damage to the
tower.

Video Filter

Figure 2 Video Filter Settings, 300 kHz Signal

Except for average power and VSWR measurements, all WPS measurements
rely on a variable video filter to improve accuracy. This filter can be set to either
4.5 kHz, 400 kHz, or full bandwidth. It should be as narrow as possible while still
being larger than the demodulated signal bandwidth (video bandwidth).
Narrowing the filter limits the noise contribution caused by interfering signals.
Listed below are some common modulation schemes and the appropriate video
filter.

Video Filter Modulation Type

4.5 kHz CW Burst (Burst width > 150 μs), Voice Band
AM, FM, Phase Modulation, Tetra
400 kHz CW Burst (b.w. > 3 μs), GSM, 50 kHz AM,
DQPSK
Full Bandwidth CW Burst (b.w. > 200 ns), CDMA, WCDMA,
DQPSK, DAB/DVB-T

Peak Envelope Power

Peak power measurements detect amplitude changes as a signal modulates the

carrier envelope. The WPS operates in an asynchronous cycle: 300 ms of
waveform sampling followed by a 50 ms reset period. The peak power is then
displayed and the cycle repeats. The display therefore updates about three
times per second.

7
Wideband Power Sensors

Transmitter overdrive can be detected with peak measurements. Common

problems are overshoot at the beginning of burst packets, amplitude
modulation, and excessive transients. These damage system components with
excessive peak power and also cause data degradation, increasing the Bit Error
Rate. For TDMA applications, Peak and Burst Power measurements are used to
detect overshoot in single time slots. Other time slots must be turned off for this
test.

Burst Average Power

Figure 3 Burst Average Power

Burst width (BW) is the duration of a pulse. Period (P) is the time from the start
of one pulse to the start of the next pulse. Duty cycle (D) is the percentage of
time that the transmitter is on. To calculate the duty cycle simply divide the
burst width by the period (D = BW / P). Low duty cycles mean that the burst
width is much less than the period; a large amount of dead time surrounds each
burst. For low duty cycles, the burst average power will be much larger than the
average power.
After peak power is measured, a threshold of ½ the peak is set. The sampled
power crosses that threshold at the beginning and end of each burst. The time
between crossings is used to calculate the duty cycle. Burst Average Power is
calculated by dividing the Average Power by the Duty Cycle.
Burst power measurements provide accurate, stable measurements in bursting
applications such as TDMA and radar. Accurately measuring the output signal
strength is essential for optimizing radar coverage patterns. Actual transmitted
power in a single time slot can be deter-mined in TDMA. The other time slots
must be off during this test.

8
 Operation

Crest Factor

Figure 4 Crest Factor - 10 dB CDMA Signal - 100 W Peak - 10 W Ave

Crest factor (CF) is the ratio of the peak and average powers, in dB. The WPS
calculates the Crest Factor from the Forward Peak and Average Power
measurements.
Crest factor is becoming one of the most important measurements as
communication systems move into the digital age. For CDMA and similar
modulation types the CF may reach 10 dB. If the crest factor is too large, the
transmitter will not be able to handle the peak powers and amplitude distortion
will occur. Crest factor can also detect overdrive and overshoot problems.
Knowing the CF allows end-users to more accurately set base station power and
lower operating costs.

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Figure 5 CCDF - 100 W Signal - 80 W Threshold - 20% CCDF

CCDF measures the amount of time the power is above a threshold.

Equivalently, it is the probability that any single measurement will be above the
threshold. The WPS samples the power over a 300 ms window and compares it
to a user-specified threshold, in Watts. The time above the threshold relative to
the total time is the CCDF.

9
Wideband Power Sensors

CCDF measurements are most useful for pseudo-random signals, such as

WCDMA, where a high CCDF means that the transmitter is being overdriven.
CCDF can also detect amplitude distortion within an envelope caused by
unwanted modulating signals. In TDMA systems, CCDF indicates the health of
power amplifier stages and their ability to sustain rated power over an
appropriate time frame. As a trouble-shooting aid, CCDF allows tracking of
trends such as amplifier overdrive (which can cause dropped calls and high bit
error rates).

Low Repetition Rate Waveforms

Many of today's channel access methods involve the use of low repetition
frequency time division-multiple access (TDMA) techniques. Examples of these
relatively new TDMA formats include Digital Mobile Radio (DMR), and TETRA
systems. The DMR format uses an approach where two discrete time slots
provide access to a single 25 kHz communication channel, providing the
equivalent of 12.S kHz channel bandwidth for the system. The modulation
techniques used within these systems vary, from relatively benign forms of
frequency shift keying, to more complex quadrature formats such as
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK).When measuring the power output of
transmitters using the DMR format, the base station transmitters will normally
transmit with both time slots active, even if there is no traffic on one of the time
slots. Under these conditions, it is a simple matter to measure the average
power of this continuous waveform. When measuring the output power of
subscriber units however, normal operation is to use only one time slot,
approximately 30 ms in duration, followed by approximately 30 ms at zero
power in the interval where the other time slot would normally be located. The
remaining waveform resembles a 30 ms burst, occurring at a 17 Hz repetition
rate. Since the measurement of average power under this condition would
result in an unstable reading, the correct measurement would be that of burst
average power. When making this measurement, the sensor will measure the
duty cycle of the signal, as well as the average power, and compute the burst
average power of the waveform based upon these parameters.

Figure 6 Low Rep Waveform

10
 Operation

Customer Service

Any maintenance or service procedure beyond the scope of those in this

chapter should be referred to a qualified service center.
If the unit needs to be returned for any reason, request an Return Material
Authorization (RMA) through the Bird Technologies website. All instruments
returned must be shipped prepaid and to the attention of the RMA number.
Bird Service Center
30303 Aurora Road
Cleveland (Solon), Ohio 44139-2794
Fax: (440) 248-5426
E-mail: bsc@birdrf.com
For the location of the Sales Office nearest you, visit our Web site at:
http://www.birdrf.com

11
Chapter 4 Specifications

5012D Specifications

Sensor Characteristics

Frequency Range 350 MHz to 4 GHz

RF Power Range 0.15 W to 150 W average, 4W to 400
W peak
Maximum Power See Figure 8 on page 14.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max:
0.35 – 1 GHz 0.05 dB
1 – 4 GHz 0.1 dB
Input VSWR, Max:
0.35 – 2.5 GHz 1.05
2.5 – 4 GHz 1.10
Directivity, Min:
0.35 – 3 GHz 30 dB
3 – 4 GHz 28 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface:
DPM Male DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud, no
parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC Serial Port Female DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud,
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC USB Port USB 1.1 interface
Power Supply:
DPM From host instrument via cable
USB Port Less than one low-power USB load
DC Connector 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA
Data Logging In VPM Software

12
 Specifications

Average Power

RF Power Range 0.15 – 150 W

Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB
Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading ± 0.05 W)1
1 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

Match Measurement

Measurement Range:
Return Loss 0 to 23 dB
Rho () 0.07 to 0.999
VSWR 1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min .5 W
Measurement Uncert. See Figure 7 on page 13.

Figure 7 5012D Match Measure Uncertainty

Measurement Uncertainty

2 Above
3GHz+
Uncertainty(dB)

Above
0 3GHz-
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Below
3GHz+
-2
Below
3GHz-

-4

-6
Return Loss

13
Wideband Power Sensors

Peak Envelope Power

RF Power Range 4.0 – 400 W1

Measurement Uncert.:
burst width > 200 μs ± (7% of reading + 0.2 W)2
1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs ± (10% of reading + 0.4 W)2
burst width < 1 μs ± (15% of reading + 0.4 W)2
burst width < 0.5 μs ± (20% of reading + 0.4 W)2
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
1 Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 8 on page 14.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)

Figure 8 5012D Max. Peak Power

10000
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3
Power (Watts)

1000

100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)

Burst Average Power

Power Range 2 W to 150 W average

Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms
Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB peak / average ratio)
Duty Cycle (D)1 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period)
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 50/D mW)2
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

14
 Specifications

Crest Factor

RF Power Range 0.15 to 150 W average, 4 W

minimum peak
Measurement Uncert. Linear sum of peak and average
power uncertainty

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Measurement Range1 0.1 to 100%

Measurement Uncert. ± 2%
Threshold Level Range 2 to 400 W peak
Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2%
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)

Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
and Vibration
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm)
Nominal
Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.55 kg)
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use; EMC
Requirements
Test Spec (for radiated immunity): EN
61000-4-3—Testing and measurement
techniques - 10V/meter

15
Wideband Power Sensors

Figure 9 5012D WPS




 


 




  

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16
 Specifications

5016D Specifications

Sensor Characteristics

Frequency Range 350 MHz to 4 GHz

RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W Average, 1W to 60 W
peak
Maximum Power See Figure 11 on page 19.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max:
0.35 – 1 GHz 0.05 dB
1 – 4 GHz 0.1 dB
Input VSWR, Max:
0.35 – 2.5 GHz 1.05
2.5 – 4 GHz 1.10
Directivity, Min:
0.35 – 3 GHz 30 dB
3 – 4 GHz 28 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface:
DPM Male DB-9, RS-232, 9600 Baud, no
parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC Serial Port Female DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud,
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC USB Port USB 1.1 interface
Power Supply:
DPM From host instrument via cable
USB Port less than one low-power USB load
DC Connector 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA
Data Logging In VPM software

Average Power

RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W
Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB
Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 8 mW)1
1 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

17
Wideband Power Sensors

Match Measurement

Measurement Range:
Return Loss 0 to 23 dB
Rho () 007 to 0.999
VSWR 1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min 0.1 W
Measurement Uncert. See Figure 10 on page 18.

Figure 10 Match Measure Uncertainty

Measurement Uncertainty

2 Above
3GHz+
Uncertainty(dB)

Above
0 3GHz-
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Below
3GHz+
-2
Below
3GHz-

-4

-6
Return Loss

Peak Envelope Power

RF Power Range 1.0 W – 60 W1

Measurement Uncert.:
burst width > 200 μs ± (7% of reading + 0.05 W)2
1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs ± (10% of reading + 0.1 W)2
burst width < 1 μs ± (15% of reading + 0.1 W)2
burst width < 0.5 μs ± (20% of reading + 0.1 W)2
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
1 Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 11 on page 19.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)

18
 Specifications

Figure 11 Max. Peak Power

Maximum Power, N Connector

10000
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3

Power (Watts)

1000

100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)

Burst Average Power

Power Range 1.0 W – 25 W average

Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms
Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB peak/average ratio)
Duty Cycle (D)1 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period)
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 8/D W)2
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

Crest Factor

RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W average

Measurement Uncert. Linear sum of peak and average
power uncertainty

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Measurement Range1 0.1 – 100%

Measurement Uncert. ± 2%
Threshold Level Range 25 mW to 60 W
Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2%
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.

19
Wideband Power Sensors

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)

Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
and Vibration
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33
mm)
Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.55 kg)
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use; EMC
Requirements
Test Spec (for radiated immunity): EN
61000-4-3—Testing and measurement
techniques - 10V/meter

20
 Specifications

Figure 12 5016D WPS




 


 




  

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21
Wideband Power Sensors

5017D/5017D-AV Specifications

Sensor Characteristics

Frequency Range
5017D 25 MHz to 1 GHz
5017D–AV 100 MHz to 1.3 GHz
RF Power Range 1 500 mW to 500 W average, 13.3W to
1300 W peak 1
Maximum Power See Figure 14 on page 24.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max:
5017D: 25 – 50 MHz 0.05 dB

5017D–AV:
100 – 1000 MHz 0.05 dB
1000 – 1300 MHz 0.1 dB
Input VSWR, Max:
5017D: 25 – 1000 MHz 1.05

5017D–AV: 100 – 1300 MHz 1.05

Directivity, Min:
5017D:
25 – 50 MHz 29 dB
51 – 1000 MHz 30 dB

5017D-AV:
100 – 1300 MHz 30 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface:
DPM Male DB-9, RS-232, 9600 Baud, no
parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC Serial Port Female DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud,
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC USB Port USB 1.1 interface
Power Supply:
DPM From host instrument via cable
USB Port less than one low-power USB load
DC Connector 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA
Data Logging In VPM software
1 Derate maximum average power rating from 500W at 300MHz to
100W at 1GHz using a straight line on a log-log scale.

22
 Specifications

Average Power

RF Power Range1 500 mW – 500 W 1

Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB
Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 166 mW)2
1 Derate maximum average power rating from 500W at 300MHz to 100W
at 1GHz using a straight line on a log-log scale
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

Match Measurement

Measurement Range:
Return Loss 0 to 23 dB
Rho () 0.07 to 1.0
VSWR 1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min 0.05 W
Measurement Uncert. See Figure 13 on page 23.

Figure 13 Match Measure Uncertainty

4

2
Uncertainty(dB)

0
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25

-2

-4

-6
Return Loss

23
Wideband Power Sensors

Peak Envelope Power

RF Power Range 13.3 – 1300 W1

Measurement Uncert.:
burst width > 200 μs ± (7% of reading + 0.7 W)2
1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs ± (10% of reading + 1.4 W)2
burst width < 1 μs ± (15% of reading + 1.4 W)2
burst width < 0.5 μs ± (20% of reading + 1.4 W)2
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
1 Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 14 on page 24.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)

Figure 14 Max. Peak Power

10000
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3
Power (Watts)

1000

100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)

Burst Average Power

Power Range 13 – 500 W average

Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms
Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio)
Duty Cycle (D)1 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period)
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 50/D mW)2
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

24
 Specifications

Crest Factor

RF Power Range 500 mW to 500 W average, 13.3W

minimum peak
Measurement Linear sum of peak and average power
Uncert. uncertainty

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Measurement Range1 0.1 – 100%

Measurement Uncert. ± 2%
Threshold Level Range 13.0 W to 1300 W peak
Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2%
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)

Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock and MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
Vibration
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm)
Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.55 kg)
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use; EMC
Requirements
Test Spec (for radiated immunity): EN
61000-4-3—Testing and measurement
techniques - 10V/meter

25
Wideband Power Sensors

Figure 15 5017D WPS




 


 




  

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26
 Specifications

5018D Specifications

Sensor Characteristics

Frequency Range 150 MHz to 4.0 GHz

RF Power Range 100 mW to 25 W average,
60 W peak
Maximum Power See Figure 17 on page 29.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max:
150 – 1000 MHz 0.05 dB
1000 – 4000 MHz 0.01 dB
Input VSWR, Max:
150 – 2500 MHz 1.05
2500 – 4000 MHz 1.10
Directivity, Min:
150 – 3000 MHz 30 dB
3000 – 4000 MHz 28 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface:
DPM Male DB-9, RS-232, 9600 Baud, no
parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC Serial Port Female DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud,
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC USB Port USB 1.1 interface
Power Supply:
DPM From host instrument via cable
USB Port less than one low-power USB load
DC Connector 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA
Data Logging In VPM software

Average Power

RF Power Range 25 mW – 25 W
Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB
Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 0.008 mW)1
1 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

27
Wideband Power Sensors

Match Measurement

Measurement Range:
Return Loss 0 to 23 dB
Rho () 0.07 to 1.0
VSWR 1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min 0.1 W
Measurement Uncert. See Figure 16 on page 28.

Figure 16 Match Measure Uncertainty

Measurement Uncertainty

2 Above
3GHz+
Uncertainty(dB)

Above
0 3GHz-
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Below
3GHz+
-2
Below
3GHz-

-4

-6
Return Loss

Peak Envelope Power

RF Power Range 4 – 60 W1
Measurement Uncert.:
burst width > 200 μs ± (7% of reading + 0.05 W)2
1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs ± (10% of reading + 0.1 W)2
burst width < 1 μs ± (15% of reading + 0.1 W)2
burst width < 0.5 μs ± (20% of reading + 0.1 W)2
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
1 Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 17 on page 29.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)

28
 Specifications

Figure 17 Max. Peak Power

10000
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3

Power (Watts)

1000

100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)

Burst Average Power

Power Range 25 mW – 25 W average

Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms
Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio)
Duty Cycle (D)1 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period)
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 0.008/D W)2
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

Crest Factor

RF Power Range 25 mW to 25 W
Measurement Uncert. Linear sum of peak and average
power uncertainty

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Measurement Range1 0.1 – 100%

Measurement Uncert. ± 2%
Threshold Level Range 25 mW to 60 W
Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2%
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.

29
Wideband Power Sensors

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)

Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock and MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
Vibration
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm)
Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.55 kg)
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use; EMC
Requirements
Test Spec (for radiated immunity): EN
61000-4-3—Testing and measurement
techniques - 10V/meter

30
 Specifications

Figure 18 5018D WPS




 


 




  

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31
Wideband Power Sensors

5019D Specifications

Sensor Characteristics

Frequency Range 25 MHz to 1.0 GHz

RF Power Range 100 mW to 100 W average,
2.6 to 260 W peak
Maximum Power See Figure 20 on page 34.
Impedance, Nominal 50 ohms
Insertion Loss, Max:
25 – 1000 MHz 0.05 dB
Input VSWR, Max:
25 – 1000 MHz 1.05
Directivity, Min:
25 – 100 MHz 28 dB
100 – 1000 MHz 30 dB
RF Connectors N Female
Interface:
DPM Male DB-9, RS-232, 9600 Baud, no
parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC Serial Port Female DB-9, EIA-232, 9600 Baud,
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
PC USB Port USB 1.1 interface
Power Supply:
DPM From host instrument via cable
USB Port less than one low-power USB load
DC Connector 7 – 18 Vdc, < 100 mA
Data Logging In VPM software

Average Power

RF Power Range 100 mW – 100 W

Peak/Average Ratio, Max 12 dB
Measurement Uncert. ± (4% of reading + 166 mW)1
1 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

32
 Specifications

Match Measurement

Measurement Range:
Return Loss 0 to 23 dB
Rho () 0.07 to 1.0
VSWR 1.15 to 99.9
Forward Power, Min 0.3 W
Measurement Uncert. See Figure 19 on page 33.

Figure 19 Match Measure Uncertainty

4

2
Uncertainty(dB)

0
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25

-2

-4

-6
Return Loss

Peak Envelope Power

RF Power Range 2.6 – 260 W1

Measurement Uncert.:
burst width > 200 μs ± (7% of reading + 0.7 W)2
1 μs < b.w. < 200 μs ± (10% of reading + 1.4 W)2
burst width < 1 μs ± (15% of reading + 1.4 W)2
burst width < 0.5 μs ± (20% of reading + 1.4 W)2
Minimum Pulse Width: 400 ns
1 Max. power depends on frequency and system VSWR.
See Figure 20 on page 34.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%
For D < 0.1 add 0.1 W
For period > 0.1s add (1.5% + 0.15 W)

33
Wideband Power Sensors

Figure 20 Max. Peak Power

10000
VSWR=1
VSWR=1.5
VSWR=3

Power (Watts)

1000

100
0.1 1 10
Frequency (GHz)

Burst Average Power

Power Range 2.6 – 100 W average

Burst Width 1 μs – 5 ms
Repetition Rate, Min 5 Hz (with 12 dB Peak/Avg ratio)
Duty Cycle (D)1 0.02 to 1 (D = Burst Width / Period)
Measurement Uncert. ± (6% of reading + 166/D mW)2
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.
2 Above 35 °C or below 15 °C add 3%

Crest Factor

RF Power Range 100 mW to 100 W average, 2.6 W

minimum peak
Measurement Linear sum of peak and average power
Uncert. uncertainty

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

Measurement Range1 0.1 – 100%

Measurement Uncert. ± 2%
Threshold Level Range 2.6 W to 260 W peak
Level Set Accuracy As peak power uncert. + 2%
1 Duty Cycle and CCDF read out dependent on display
method.

34
 Specifications

Physical and Environmental Specifications

Temp, Operating –10 to +50 °C (+14 to +122 °F)

Temp, Storage –40 to +80 °C (–40 to +176 °F)
Mechanical Shock and MIL-PRF-28800F class 3
Vibration
Humidity, Max 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude, Max 15,000 ft. (4,500 m)
Dimensions, Nominal 4.75” x 4.6” x 1.3” (121 x 117 x 33 mm)
Weight, Max 1.2 lb. (0.55 kg)
EMC EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
European Standard: EN 61326—
Electrical Equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use; EMC
Requirements
Test Spec (for radiated immunity): EN
61000-4-3—Testing and measurement
techniques - 10V/meter

35
Wideband Power Sensors

Figure 21 5019D WPS




 


 

 

  

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36
Specifications

37
 Limited Warranty
All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise
specified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications,
drawings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these
warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof
which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made for
any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or repairs, or
any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by Seller.
If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or
not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller
shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they are
located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transportation-
charges prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved to be
other than as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and from
Seller’s plant, will be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will be made
for amounts so expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of these
warranties shall be deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writing within
ten (10) days from the date of discovery of the defect.
The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which
have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered
defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs or
alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts
thereof furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or to
Buyer’s specifications. Routine (regularly required) calibration is not covered
under this limited warranty. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the
failure of tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and
parts manufactured by others except to the extent of the original
manufacturer’s warranty to Seller.
The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise terms
thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu of all other
remedies including claims for special or consequential damages. SELLER NEITHER
MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, WHETHER
EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME
FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE FOREGOING.

38