1 George bought an item that cost fif-

teen cents. He gave the clerk a one-

2 Two dice are rolled and the product 3 Atwo-digit
7 is written at the right end of a
of the two numbers that appear is number, thereby increasing
dollar bill and received nine coins back. calculated. What is the expected value of the value of the number by 700. Find the
What are the possible combinations of a roll? original two-digit number:
coins that he received?

4 John drove from home to his friend

Jerry's house and averaged 40 kph. 5 In how many ways can seven basket-
ball players of different heights line
6 A parallelogram has consecutive
sides with lengths 9 and 7 and diago-
7 1Howandmany natural numbers between
1000 can be expressed in the
Then he returned home and averaged up in a single row so that no player is nals of integral lengths. How long are form X" where x and n are natural num-
50 kph for the entire round trip. What standing between two people taller these diagonals? berswithn> 1?
was his average speed for the return trip? than herself?

8 shuffled
An ordinary deck of playing cards is
and the top card set aside 9 What prime number is a divisor of
every four-digit palindt·ome? 10 Sam and Sue's mother is pregnant.
Sam says, "If it's a girl, I'll have
11 Inwater
a !-em rain, how many liters of
fall on an 80-by-150-deci-
without anyone's knowing its face value. twice as many sisters as brothers:' Sue meter lor?
What is the probability that the next card says, "If it's a boy, I'll have as many broth-
is a king? et·s as sisters." How many children does
Sam and Sue's mother presently have?
j - I I

12 ofWould you be comfortable if one

the temperature readings, Cel-
13 scribed
What is the radius of the in-
circle in a 3-4-5 triangle?
114 you
How many isosceles triangles can 115 Assuming a random choice from
make on this x 4 geoboard'? 0000 to 9999. what is the proba-
-1
sius or Fahrenheit, was twice the other? bility that the last four digits of a tete-
• • • • I sequence?
phone nwnber are in strictly increasing

·~
I • • • •
3
I

I .,
• • • •
16 What is the sum of the kth row? 17 1\vo concentric circles are such
that a chord of the l arger~ 36 em 18 exist?
How many four-digit palindromes
19 scribed
What is the radius of the circum-
circle in a 3-4-5 triangle?
long, is trisected by the smaller. The sum
1 of the radii of the two circles is also
2 + 3 36 em. Find the length of the radius of
4 + 5 + 6 the larger circle.
7 + 8 + 9 + 10

20 How many segments have end-

21 Six horses eat six bales of hay 22 Express the number 96 as the 23 An equilateral triangle has as

D
points that are vertices of a in six hours. At the same rate, difference of two squares in four many centimeters in its perim-
given cube? how long will three bales of hay last different ways. eter as square centimeters in its area.
three horses? What is the length of a side of the

~
triangle?

~~-,·- J~
24 Find all possible sets of four
consecutive integers such that 25 What is the area of the pen-
tagon pictured in the problem
26 How long is AC? A
27 Express the number 90 as the
sum of two or more consecutive
the sum of the cubes of the smallest three for 26 December? integers in five different ways.
is the cube of the fourth.

28 The area of a rectangular field

is 42 000 m2• Julie finds that by
29 Since 36 = 52and 36 = 9;/ , 30 What is the largest three-digit
prime each of whose digits is a 31
taking a diagonal path instead of walking 36 is both a square number and prime? A multiple of eleven r be,
halfway around the field, she walks 120 m a triangular number: Find the next num- Not odd, but even you see;
less. How long is the diagonal? ber that is both square and triangular. My digits (a pair),
When multiplied there,

r--------J Make a cube and a square out of me.

Determine the number.
 Answers to Calendar
1 1
This months problems 1 2, 4 7, 9 - 13, 15- 16, 18 20, 22 23 •. and 25 30 2(3 + 4 + 5)r = 2(3 + 4),
were supplied by Steven St. Martin, Thomas Jefferson H1gh School, 6r = 6,
Bloomington, MN 55431; problems 14 and 3~ were supp~ied b~ Gary G.
Hendron, problem-page editor of the Bulletm of the M1ssour1 CouncJI
r = 1.
of Teachers of Mathematics; and problems 17, 21, and 24 are selected
from NYSML-ARML contests 1973- 1985, edited by Harry D. Ruderman
(1987) and published by Mu Alpha Theta, 601 Elm Avenue, Room 423,
Norman, O K 73019.

r::i\ Thirty-nine: thirty squares,

\..!_)six cubes that arc not
squares. two fifth powers, and one
Fifty· seventh powe r, for a total of thirty·
Cent nine.
Pieces Quarters Dimes !Nickels Pennies
I 3 5
3 I 5
One-hundred-twenty-four
2 7 isosceles triangles can be
made.
I 4 4
8 I @ Every combination of four
distinct digits yields one
strictly increasing sequence. A
~ 12±. The sum of the prod· total of 111 C4 digit choices arc possi·
\.=:; ucls in a 6 x 6 multipli- ble. so
cation matrix is 441. Since each is
IOC.a = 0.021.
eq ually likely, the expected value 10 000
is 441/36. or 12.25. ® See Q).
@ The hth row contains h num·
® See September 1988. "Th e
Wonder and Creativity in
'Looking Back' at Problem Solu·
® 11 bers, the first being one
more than the (h - l)st triangular
number and the last being the kth
tions," by Stanley F. Taback.

fA'\ 661 kph. }d/40 ~ }d/r =

@ 5. Let g be the number of
girls and let b be the number
triangular number. Thus. the sum
IS
of boys. Then
\.::!) k(k + 1)]
d/ 50. so r = 66.6 kph.
g + 1 = 2b. -k [(ll
-- - l)k
-+ 1 + - --
2 2 2

® 64. The second tallest

player must be adjacent to
the tallest player (either s ide). The
and
b + 1 = g.

b = 2 and g = 3.
-
k(h 1
2
+ 1)

third tAllest person must be adja-

cent (either side) to the first two, Hence, she has five children.
and so on. Thus, the players can
line up in 26 = 64 different ways if
left to right is considered different
@ 1200
1
from the same order right to left. 80 · 150 · - = 1200
10

~
® 14, 8. In any parallelogram,
the sum of the squares of
the four sides equals the sum of the
~
No. Two pairs arc possible.
C = 160 . F = 320 and C =
- 24.6 , F = - 12.3 . Those are not
squares of the two diagonals. comfortable temperatures.
2(9 2 + 7 2) = c 2 + d 2 ; c1 + d 1 = 260.
The integral pairs wh ose squares ~ l. The area of the triangle
total 260 are (16, 2) and (14, 8). The ~ is one-half the perimeter
triangular inequality rules out (16, times the rndius and also one-half
2). the product of the two legs. that is. (Continued on page 737)

The Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher is now considering sets of problems submitted by individuals.
classes of prospective teachers. and mathematics clubs for publication in the calendar during the 1991 92
academic year. Please write to the editorial coordinator. 1906 Association Drive. R eston . VA 22091. for guide·
lines.
Two other sources of problems in calendar form are available from NCTM: "Calendars for the Calculating" (a
set of nine monthly calendars that originally appeared from September 1983 to May 1984; order number 344,
$5.75 and "A Year of Mathematics" (one annual calendar that originally appeared in September 1982: order
number 311. $2.50; set of five, $5.00). Individual members receive a 20-percent discount off these prices.

740 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mathematics Teacher

 Answers to Calendar- Continued from page 740
R2 182 = r 2 - 6 2
- (x-1) 3 + x 3 + (x+ 1) 3 = (x+2) 3 • AC =
-7.
2
R - r 2 = 288 3x 3 + 6x = x 3 + 6x 2 + 12x + 8,
(R + r)(R - r) - 288 x 3 - 3x2 - 3x - 4 = 0,
We are given that R +r - 36, so (x - 4)(x 2 + x + 1) = 0. 90 = 29 + 30 + 31
= 21 + 22 + 23 + 24
R - r =8 The only real solution is x = 4. The
only set of four consecutive in- - 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20
and
tegers is {3, 4, 5, 6}. - 6 + 7 + ... + 14
R= 22.
- 2 + 3 + ... + 13.
~ 90. Ninety two.digit in· Q The region can be separated
\!...9'tegers occur- 10, 11, 12, ... , \9 into seven equilateral tri-
99: thus 1001, 1111, 1221, .. . , 9999. angu lar regions, each wi th a (!erim·
eter of 3. Thus, the area is 7 fif4.
~ 2.5. The midp~i~L of the hy-
\!...9'potenuse 1s equ1d1stant from
A
the three vertices, and the center
of the circumscribed circle.

® 3Cz = 6~~~ = 28 ~ 290. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 : a + b =

~ ?· .one horse eats one bale
~c + 120; ab = 42 000. Com·
'E.Y m s1x hours.
bining the first and third equa·
tions. we have a 2 + 2ab + b 2 -
96 = 12 (8) c 2 +84 000. or a +b = , c 1 +84 000.
= (10 + 2)(10 - 2) SubsLituting in the second equa-
= 100 - 4 tion, we flnd
96 = 16 (6)
= (11 + 5)(11 - 5) c + 120 = jc 2 + 84 000,
= 121-25 c2 + 240c + 14 400 = c2 + 84 000,
96 = 24 (4) 240c = 69 600,
= (14 + 10)( 14 - 10) c = 290.
= 196 - 100 A
96 = 48 (2)
= (25 + 23)(25 - 23) 49 5
1225 = 352 = ( 0)
= 625 529 2

~ T.et s be the length of a side.

'E:3J Then
@ n3
s2 3
3s=-' -,
4
or
s = 4fi em. ~ The number is 88. (Source:
~ John Gregory and Dnle
Q Let x - 1, x. x + I , und x +2 Seymour. I'm a Number Game.
\E.Y represent the four consecu- (Mountain View, Calif.: Creative
tive integers. Then Publications, 1978)

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D~ember1988 -------------------------------------------------------------- 737