INPUT DATA

1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 100.110 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 339.30 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 1.200 m
Afflux 0.037 m Minimum Aflux Considered = 0.037 m
Freeboard = 1.250 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 1.61 m/sec

2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details are addopted from Standard Drawing = 18.75 m
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 30 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 103.100 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 101.150 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
3
Unit weight of wearing course = 25 kN/m
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 18.75 m
No. of Span = 4 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 20.290 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 81.200 m

=
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge 0.750 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 89.040 m
Total width (W) = 8.400 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = No
Width of Footpath = 0.000 m
Width of Kerb (bk) = 0.450 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc) = 0.000 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Crash Barrier (hc) = 0.000 m
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m2
Depth of Girder (Including Deck Slab) = 1.875 m
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 1.620 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.200 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.255 m
Camber in deck slab = 2 %
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)
3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 3 no
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 3 no
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 0.750 m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 0.900 m
Length of the middle part = 16.150 m
Spacing between C/C of Longituding Girder = 2.35 m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.25 m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.625 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.15 m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.325 m
Ht. of cross Girder = 1.220 m
Thickness of cross Girder = 0.300 m
2
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at mid portion = 3.622 m
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at support = 4.705 m2
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.213 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 1950 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 975 kN

4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Grade of Concrete(Substructure & Foundation) = 30 (M)
2
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ecm = 31000 N/mm
(From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Reinforcement
Grade of steel = 500 (Fe 500)
No of Abutment = 2 no
No of Pier = 3 no
FOR PIER
Type of Foundation = Pile foundation
Top of pilecap = 96 m
Maximum scour level = 92.632 m
Bottom of Foundation/Pile Cap at Pier Location = 94.200 m
Depth of Foundation at Pier from Lowest EGL = 0.840 m
Height of Pier = 4.760 m
Pier Shaft
Dia of Pier shaft = 2.000 m
Length of Pier (Straight Portion) at Top = 2.000 m
Length of Pier (Straight Portion) at Bottom = 2.000 m
Avg. Length of Pier (Straight Portion) = 2.000 m
Pier Cap
Length of Pier Cap = 7.200 m
Width of Pier cap top = 2.610 m
Ht of Rectangular portion of Pier Cap = 1.000 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion of Pier Cap = 0.800 m
 Pier Foundation
Foundation Shape (Rectangle/Tappered) = Rectangle
Total Width of Pier Foundation = 5.100 m
Width of Pier Foundation from face of Pier = 1.550 m
Length of Pier Foundation = 8.700 m
Thickness of Pier Foundation at Pier Face = 1.800 m
Thickness of Pier Foundation at Edge = 1.800 m
Area of Tappered Foundation = 0.000 m2
Area of Rectangular Foundation = 9.180 m2
C.G of Trapizoidal part of Foundation from foundation bottom = 0.000 m
C.G of Rectangular part of Foundation from foundaion bottom = 0.900 m
C.G of Foundation = 0.900 m
Allowable Base Pressure at Founding Lvl. = kN/m2

Pile and pile cap :-

Diameter of piles = = 1.200 m
Height of pile cap = = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = = 8.700 m
Width of pile cap = = 5.100 m
Length Pile= = 24.00 m
Vertical Capacity= 3500 KN Hor. Capacity = 370.00 Kn
5
DETAILS OF BEARING AND ARRESTER BLOCK
Bearing Type ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Abt ( Elastomeric/ Rocker/Roller/ Pot/Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Pier ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot PTFE/Pot-Pot/Rocker-Rocker ) = Pot cum PTFE
No. of Bearing at Abutment 3 no
No. of Bearing at Pier 6 no
SEISMIC ZONE
Seismic Zone = IV
Importance Factor = 1
Zone factor, Z = 2.4
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

Hydraulic Particulars & Height of Pier wall

At the proposed Bridge Site, the following data are available; FRL=103.1m
a) High Flood Level, HFL = 100.110 m
b) Lowest Bed Level, LBL = 95.040 m H.F.L.= 100.11m
Pier
At Pier Locations
Levels at pier locations Pile Cap
E.G.L. at Pier P1 = 95.040 m
Calculation of height of frame at Pier locations
The lowest E.G.L. at Pier = 95.040 m Pile
Placing bottom of pile cap at = 94.200 m
Top of pile cap level = 96.000 m
Top of Pier cap level = 100.760 m
Top of bearing level = 101.150 m
Hence, 101.15 - 96 = 5.150 m
Height of frame at Pier locations = 5.150 m
Height of Pier with cap = 4.760 m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
PERMANENT ACTIONS
Self Weight / Dead Load
Wt. of deck with girder = 1950 kN Weight of pier cap = 681.86 kN
Wt. of Footpath = 0.00 kN Weight of circular pier shaft = 232.48 kN
Live load on Footpath = 0.00 kN Total weight of pier = 232.48 kN
Wt. of Kerb = 0.00 kN Total weight of pile cap = 1996.65 kN
Dead Load from super-structure = 1950 kN

VARIABLE GRAVITY LOAD TREATED AS PERMANENT LOAD

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on pier = Wt. of crash barrirer = 256.67 kN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat
Surfacing or loading due to wearing coat on pier = 284.77 kN

VARIABLE ACTIONS
Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A

1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.

A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 19 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.75 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.182 Width of Footpath with crush barrier & kerb = 450 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m

114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 5.00

0.75 18.750 0.75

Rb Ra

0.85 1.8

eT 4.2
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 KN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0 m

Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.70
0.45 0.4 1.55
1.8 1.7 1.8

4.2 4.2
228
Maximum Reaction = 869.1 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 0.70 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0 m

B) Both Span Loaded

Case - 3: One Lane / both span loaded.
9.09 CG of load
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
10.5 1.1 3.2 1.2 2.8 3 3 3 9.8

0.75 19 0.77 0.77 19 0.75

Ra Rc
554
3.59 0.71
CG calculation of load:
Taking moment with respect to the left most load, CG of load = 9.09 m
With above consideration, x = 3.59 m
Similarly, we have y = 0.71 m

In order to get the maximum pier reaction, we have place the loads in such a manner so that
the CG of the load passes through the centre line of the pier.

9.09 CG of load
27 27 114 114 68 68 68 68
10.43 1.1 3.2 1.2 2.82 -0.1 3 3 9.8
3

0.75 18.750 0.77 0.77 18.75 0.75

Rb Ra Rc
554

Maximum reaction, RA = 257.7 kN

Similarly, max. reaction, RC = 245.4 kN
R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 503.1 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt pier, eL = 0.02 m

Case - 4: Two Lane / both span loaded.

R = Total Pier reaction = RA+RC = 1006.2 kN
And transverse eccentricity, eT = 0.70 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, eL = 0.02 m
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

CWLL Load on Pier

Load due to
Sl. Load due to Reaction eL eL eT ML MT
Live Load Case additional
No. main wheel (KN) (m) (m) (m) (KN-m) (KN-m)
wheel
1 2 3 4 5 6
(col 4 x col (col 4 x col
For Class-A Class A Class A
6) + (col 5 x 8) + (col 5 x
1 One lane / one span loaded 500 0 434.55 0.00 2.450 0.00 1064.64
2 Two lane / one span loaded 500 0 869.09 0.00 0.700 0.00 608.37
3 One lane / Both span loaded 554 0 503.09 0.02 2.450 9.48 1232.57
4 Two lane / Both span loaded 554 0 1006.18 0.02 0.700 18.95 704.32

Longitudinal forces
1 Calculation of Braking Forces
Caused by braking of vehicles ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2014, page-37)
Case - I Case - II

Class A - Class A -
one lane / Two Lane
Braking force line of action 1.2m
one span both span
loaded loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 554
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 111
c Each side Fh/2 kN = 50.0 55.4
d ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075
e Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.15 3.15
f Moment at bearing level kN-m = 315.00 349.02
g Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 16.80 18.61
h For moment at pier base, lever arm m = 5.15 5.15
i Longitudinal moment at pier base kN-m = 257.50 285.31

HYDRAULIC ACTIONS
Water current forces:
As the pier portion bellow Highest Flood Level shall be submerged in running water, pressure on
pier by water is calculated here.
On piers, perallel to the direction of water current , the intensity of pressure is calculated
by equation, P =52KV2 ……..( Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2014, page-34)
Where, V = velocity of the current at the point where the pressure
intensity is in meter per second.
K = A constant depending on shape of pier

Circular piers or piers with semicircular ends, K = 0.66 ……(Clause 210.2, IRC:6-2014, page-34)
Mean velocity of current, Vm = 1.60542278 m/s
Now, if maximum velocity = V
V2 = 2Vm2 ……..(Clause 210.3, IRC:6-2010, page-32)

Water current pressure at HFL level = 176.912 Kg/m2

= 1.77 kN/m2
Water current pressure at MSL level = 0
Calculation of water current force in transeverse direction

1.77 kN/m2 HFL =100.11 m

0.8 kN/m2
Top of pile cap = 96m

0.38 kN/m2 Bottom of pile cap = 94.2m

0 Maximum Scour Level = 92.6322699831349m

 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

Water current pressure diagram

Area of projection plane of pier shaft in transeverse direction = 8.22 sqm

Total force acting in transeverse direction = 10.559 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.055 m
Moment in transeverse direction at Pier bottom location = 21.699 kN-m

Calculation of water current force in longitudinal direction

For longitudinal direction, K = 0.66
Considering 20˚ variation of water current direction, pressure in longitudinal direction = 0.439 kN

Area of projection plane of pier in longitudinal direction = 8.22 m2

Total force acting in longitudinal direction = 3.61 kN
Distance of the line of force above top of pile cap = 2.055 m
Moment in longitudinal direction at Pier bottom location = 7.421 kN-m

Buoyancy at HFL condition

HFL =100.11 m

4.11 m

1.8 m

Water pressure in horizontal direction on structure will nullify each other

Water pressure at top of pile cap level = 41.1 kN/m2
Water pressure at bottom of pile cap level = 59.1 kN/m2
Excess pressure on bottom of cap = 18 kN/m2
So, total force on bottom of pile cap due to cap only, in upward direction = Net pressure x plan area
798.66 kN
Load on shaft only = 293.5 kN
Total load on bottom of pile cap = 1092.1 kN

Calculation of WIND LOAD

a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 38.044 m2
FT = 90 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 22.62 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 170.436 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 156 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec

c Wind force on Substructure:

Pier Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Horz. Comp.
Exposed area = 2.61 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 2.5 kN Transverse 155.93 90.49
structure
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 22.62
Exposed area = 7.2 m2
Transverse wind force = 7.0 kN Live load Transverse 0.00 0.00
Pier Shaft Longitudinal 0.00
i. Transverse wind force:
Sub structure
Exposed area = 12.0 m2 (pile cap)
Transverse 0.00 2.55

Transverse wind force = 12.4 kN Longitudinal 7.03

ii. Longitudinal Wind Force:
Exposed area = 12.0 m2 Substructure Transverse 12.41
0.00
Transverse wind force = 12.4 kN (pile shaft) Longitudinal 12.41
A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

Calculation of shear rating of support

Type of bearing at support = Pot cum PTFE

For a simply supported span sitting on identical elastomeric bearing at each end resting on unyielding supports,
Force at each end = Fh/2 + (Vr x Itc) ( Ref:IRC:6-2014,clause 211.5,where, Vr = shear rating ,Itc = movement
of deck above bearing other than that due to applied load )
Size Elastomeric Bearing (in cm)= = 40 x 30 x 14
No of girder = 3
No of bearing pad taking load = 3
ThickNess of neoprene that taking shear = 4.80 cm
Shear Modulus = 10 Kg/cm2
Shear Rating (Vr) = 7500 Kg/cm
Movement of deck (Itc) = = 0.500 cm ( Due to temperature and shrinkage )
40
0.6
14 0.4
40 14
30
0.4
0.6

Force on Pier in Non-Seismic case = (Fh/2 + Vr.Itc - Vr.Itc) Where Fh = Braking Force on Pier
Hence Force on Pier cap in Non-Seismic Condition
( Case I ) = 100/ 2 + (7500 x 0.5/100) - (7500 x 0.5/100) = 50 KN
( Case II ) = 110.8/ 2 + (7500 x 0.5/100) - (7500 x 0.5/100) = 55.4 KN

ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV
Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 7, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) = 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-54)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.3 /R Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? no
Value of R for sub-structure = 2.5
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)

Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)

A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 2206.67 KN
C.G. of Deck from girder bottom = 1.213 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah(Total Dead Load)= 264.80 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh = 264.80 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 102.36 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.21 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 321.07 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 17.12 KN
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.15 m
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 1363.72 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh = 264.80 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 102.36 m
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 5.15 m
Transeverse moment at pier base = 1363.72 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 176.53 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = = 397.20 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = = 397.20 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = = 335.41 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 1772.84 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 1772.84 KN-m
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 284.77 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.91 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 34.17 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support = 34.17 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 103.06 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.91 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 65.35 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 3.49 KN
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 7.06 m
Longitudinal moment at pier base = 241.34 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh = 34.17 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 103.06 m
Lever arm for moment at pier base = 7.06 m
Transeverse moment at pier base = 241.34 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 22.78 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = = 51.26 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = = 51.26 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = = 43.28 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 313.74 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 313.74 KN-m

C. Seismic on Pier Cap:

CG of the pier cap from top of pile cap = 4.26 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 81.82 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 100.26 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 348.55 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_cap = 81.82 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 100.26 m RL
Transeverse moment = 348.55 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 54.55 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = = 122.73 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = = 122.73 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = = 103.64 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 453.12 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 453.12 KN-m

D. Seismic on Pier :
CG of the pier from top of pile cap = 1.88 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pier = 27.90 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 97.88 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 52.45 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pier = 27.90 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 97.88 m RL
Transeverse moment = 52.45 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 18.60 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = = 41.85 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = = 41.85 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = = 35.34 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 68.19 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 68.19 KN-m
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

E. Seismic on Pile Cap :

CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = 0.90 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 239.60 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 95.10 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 215.64 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 239.60 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 95.10 m RL
Transeverse moment = 215.64 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 159.73 KN ………r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = = 359.40 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = = 359.40 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = = 303.49 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 280.33 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 280.33 KN-m

F. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)

(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)

Transverse
Sl. 20% Reaction Transverse Acting RL at Lever arm at vertical force
Live Load Case Ah moment at
No. (KN) seismic force (+1.20) Pier base component
pier vase
For Class-A Class A
1 One lane / one span loaded 86.91 0.07 5.82 104.30 8.30 48.33 3.88
2 Two lane / one span loaded 173.82 0.07 11.65 104.30 8.30 96.66 7.76
3 One lane / Both span loaded 100.62 0.07 6.74 104.30 8.30 55.95 4.49
4 Two lane / Both span loaded 201.24 0.07 13.48 104.30 8.30 111.91 8.99

G. Effects of liquefaction of soils

Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.

All the actions at pier base analised above are summarised bellow, loads are in KN
Sl.N
LOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
O
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 1950.00
ii Self weight of Pier Cap 681.86
iii Self weight of pier 232.48
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 256.67
ii Surfacing 284.77
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 434.55 0.00 1064.64
ii Two lane / one span loaded 869.09 0.00 608.37
iii One lane / Both span loaded 503.09 9.48 1232.57
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 1006.18 18.95 704.32
Braking Force
a For Class-A
i One lane / one span loaded 16.80 50.00 5.15 257.50
ii Two lane / one span loaded 18.61 55.40 5.15 285.31
iii One lane / Both span loaded 16.80 50.00 5.15 257.50
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 18.61 55.40 5.15 285.31
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 155.93 22.62 90.49 5.93 134.16 536.63
Wind load from sub-structure 0.00 14.96 19.44 2.38 35.60 46.26
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 335.41 397.20 397.20 5.15 1772.84 1772.84
on pier cap 103.64 122.73 122.73 5.15 453.12 453.12
on pier 35.34 41.85 41.85 1.88 68.19 68.19
On surfacing/ wearing coat 43.28 51.26 51.26 4.26 313.74 313.74
for Live load
For Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 3.88 5.82 8.30 48.33
Two lane / one span loaded 7.76 11.65 8.30 96.66
One lane / Both span loaded 4.49 6.74 8.30 55.95
Two lane / Both span loaded 8.99 13.48 8.30 111.91
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 3.61 10.56 7.42 21.70
Buoyant force on shaft 293.45
 A. LOAD CALCULATION & ANALYSIS FOR CIRCULAR PIER

Load combination at bottom of pile cap level

Sl.N
LOAD DESCRIPITION V HL HT LA ML MT
O
A PERMANENT LOADS
i Dead Load from super-structure 1950.00
iiSelf weight of Pier Cap 681.86
iiiSelf weight of pier 232.48
iv Self weight of pile cap 1996.65
VARIABLE GRAVITY TREATED AS PERMANENT
i SIDL except surfacing 256.67
ii Surfacing 284.77
B VARIABLE LOAD
Carriageway Live Load
a Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 434.55 0.00 1064.64
ii Two lane / one span loaded 869.09 0.00 608.37
One lane / Both span loaded 503.09 9.48 1232.57
iv Two lane / Both span loaded 1006.18 18.95 704.32
Braking Force
Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 16.80 50.00 1.80 90.00
Two lane / one span loaded 18.61 55.40 1.80 99.72
One lane / Both span loaded 16.80 50.00 1.80 90.00
Two lane / Both span loaded 18.61 55.40 1.80 99.72
THERMAL LOAD
i Temperature variation effect 0.00 6.95 0.00
WIND LOAD
Wind load from super-structure 155.93 90.49 7.73 699.52
Wind load from sub-structure 19.44 4.18 81.25
SEISMIC EFFECTS
on superstructure except surfacing 335.41 397.20 397.20 6.95 2760.54 2760.54
on pier cap 103.64 122.73 122.73 6.95 852.97 852.97
on pier 35.34 41.85 41.85 3.68 154.01 154.01
On surfacing/ wearing coat 43.28 51.26 51.26 6.06 310.62 310.62
on pile cap 303.49 359.40 359.40 1.80 646.92 646.92
for Live load
For Class-A
One lane / one span loaded 3.88 5.82 10.10 58.81
Two lane / one span loaded 7.76 11.65 10.10 117.62
One lane / Both span loaded 4.49 6.74 10.10 68.09
Two lane / Both span loaded 8.99 13.48 10.10 136.18
HYDRAULIC LOAD
Water current force on shaft 3.61 10.56 3.86 13.92 40.71
Water current force on pile cap 1.02 5.42 0.90 0.92 4.87
Buoyant force on pile cap -798.66
 B. LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2864.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 256.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 284.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 608.37 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/BS) LL2 1006.18 18.95 704.32 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 18.61 285.31 0.00 55.40 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/BS) LL2 18.61 285.31 0.00 55.40 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 517.68 2607.88 2607.88 613.04 613.04
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 7.76 0.00 96.66 0.00 11.65
Seismic Class A(2L/BS) LL2 8.99 0.00 111.91 0.00 13.48
Wind load 155.93 169.76 582.89 37.58 109.93
Water Current force 293.45 7.42 21.70 3.61 10.56

NON-SEISMIC CASE

(I) HFL / DRY CONDITION (II) HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND (III) ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-WL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
Loads FOS Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 Wind load 1.50 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 1.15 Water Current force 1.00
Water Current force 1.00

SEISMIC CASE

(I) HFL / DRY CONDITION (II) ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE

DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+Sis. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-
LL+WCF+DL SEISMIC seismic/Seismic)
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 0 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL Seismic 1
Seismic LL 1
DL Seismic 1
WCF 1

Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF 6330.20 335.53 934.25 67.32 10.56

HFL Condition
Non Seismic

2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WCF 6535.83 363.95 1078.19 67.32 10.56

3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 5239.04 262.06 896.03 59.98 175.46

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing-WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 4771.26 262.06 896.03 59.98 175.46

5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1 6036.75 328.11 912.55 63.71 0.00

DRY Condition
Non Seismic

6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2 6242.37 356.53 1056.49 63.71 0.00

7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL(Wind Leading) 5239.04 262.06 896.03 59.98 175.46

8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+ (-)WL (Wind Leading) 4771.26 262.06 896.03 59.98 175.46

9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5534.32 2672.37 2726.24 627.73 635.24

Condition
Seismic
HFL

10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+WCF+DL SEISMIC 5535.54 2672.37 2741.49 627.73 637.08

11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC 5240.86 2664.95 2704.55 624.12 624.68

Condition
Seismic
DRY

12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+DL SEISMIC 5242.09 2664.95 2719.79 624.12 626.52

No LL 13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL SEISMIC 5229.38 2607.88 2607.88 613.04 613.04

14 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic) 5005.15 7.42 21.70 3.61 10.56

dislodged
Span
 B. LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)

dislodged
Span 15 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL Seismic+WCF (Seismic) 5522.83 2615.31 2629.58 616.65 623.60
 C. PIER SHAFT DESIGN

Total Load on Pier (Ultimate Loads) (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Resultant
Load Case Vu MLu MTu
Moment
9 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 5534.32 2672.37 2726.24 3817.58564
2 Maximum vertical load case 6535.83 363.95 1078.19 1137.9567
4 Minimum vertical load case 4771.26 262.06 896.03 933.568267
14 1 Span dislodged case 5522.83 2615.31 2629.58 3708.71092

Section Check at Pier Base

Diameter of Pier Shaft, D = 2.00 m = 2000 mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 50 mm
fck of concrete = 30 N/mm2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm2
d= 1.863 m
Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm
Spacing = 113 mm
No. of bars provided = 52 Nos.
Percentage of stee, p = 0.813
So, p/fck = 0.027
d'/D = 0.031
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.054

From SP 16, chart 59, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.05
So, Mu1 = 12000 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.318 SAFE

Provide distribution reinforcement 12 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c

 D. PIER CAP DESIGN

No. of bearings = 3 Nos.

a
ac

hc
a= 2.6 m
Here, ac = 1.35 m
hc = 1.8 m
Now, ac/hc = 0.75
Design is to be done as corbel

Loads on the cap

Sl No. Vertical Load MT Load Factor ULS Load Factor SLS
Dead Load 650.000 0.000 1.350 1.000
SIDL 85.556 0.000 1.350 1.000
Surfacing 94.922 0.000 1.750 1.000
C/W LL 289.698 704.32 1.500 1.000

Spacing between bearings = 2.35 m

So, force due to Transeverse moment at outer girder = 149.856 KN

Calculation of self weight:

Projected part of pier cap, a = 2.6 m
Height, hc = 1.8 m
Width = 2.61 m
Self weight of projected portion = 220.545 KN

Load summary: (ULS)

Design Design
Load Case Vertical Force Lever Arm
Shear Moment
Dead Load 650.000 1.35 877.50 1184.625
SIDL 85.556 1.35 115.50083 155.926
Surfacing 94.922 1.35 166.113 224.253
Self Wt. 220.545 1.3 297.73575 387.056
C/W LL 439.554 1.35 659.332 890.098
Total 2116.18 2841.958
 D. PIER CAP DESIGN

Load summary: (SLS)

Design Design
Load Case Vertical Force Lever Arm
Shear Moment
Dead Load 650.000 1.35 650.00 877.500
SIDL 85.556 1.35 85.556 115.501
Surfacing 94.922 1.35 94.922 128.145
Self Wt. 220.545 1.3 220.545 286.709
C/WLL 439.554 1.35 439.554 593.398
Total 1490.58 2001.252

Design of pier cap in flexure

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 2.61 m

Section is checked for ULS

Design moment = 2841.96 KN-m
Width of section = 2.61 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418

Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.

20 Nos in two layers(10 nos, each layers)
Total reinforcement provided = 9817 mm2
Clear cover = 50 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1737.5 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 151.50 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.040 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 792.3 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, OK, Proceed
 D. PIER CAP DESIGN

CG of compressive force = 63.026 mm from most compressed surface

Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
7147.44 OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PIER CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)

Design Shear Force = 2116.182 KN

The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d

Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.339
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 9817 mm2
bw = Width of section = 2610 mm
d= 1737.5 mm
r1 = 0.0022
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 1255.39 KN

Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.2632
So, VRd.c minimum = 1193.418 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 1255.39 KN
< Design Shear, Shear Reinforcement Required

Provide shear reinforcement 16 mm 4 legged stirrups.

@ 150 mm c/c
Shear resistance with vertical stirrups is smaller of the followings:

(Eq. 10.7, IRC:112-2011, page-90) ……….1

and

(Eq. 10.8, IRC:112-2011, page-90)………..2

 D. PIER CAP DESIGN

Asw = cross-sectional area of shear reinforcement s = spacing of the stirrups

fywd = yield strength of shear reinforcement = 0.8fywk = 347.826 Mpa
ѵ1 = strength reduction factor = 0.6 for f ck <= 80M pa
z = lever arm = 0.9hc = 1.62 m
acw = co-efficient taking account of the state of stress = 1 where, scp = 0
fcd = 13.40 Mpa
Now for cotU = 1
Resistance from from Eq.1 3021.2 KN
Resistance from from Eq.2 16997.364 KN
Governing resistance, 3021.2 KN OK, Shear Reinforcement is sufficient

Serviceability limit state check

Stress level check:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 2.61 m

Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 2001.25 KN-m
Width of section = 2.61 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.333
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Total reinforcement provided = 9817 mm2

Effective depth "d" = 1737.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 315.93
CG of compressive force = 105.311 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 124.89 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 1226.12 KN
Stress in concrete = 7.762 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
 D. PIER CAP DESIGN

Crack width check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(εsm-εcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing
εsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
εcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now, (Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

Where, σsc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 124.89 Mpa

αe = Es/Ecm = 6.452
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.9 Mpa (IRC:112-2011, Cl.12.3.3 pg-124)
ρr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings

Where, A = level of steel centroid

x
2=0 B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
d h ε1,ε2 = greater and lesser tensile strain

A
So, hc.eff = 156.25 mm
hc.eff Ac.eff = 156250 mm2
1 B

Now. ρr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0628319

kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 50 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 237.641 mm
And, εsm-εcm = 0.000462294
Minimum value of εsm - εcm = 0.0003747
So, governing value of εsm - εcm = 0.0004623
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(εsm-εcm) = 0.110 mm
Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
Crack width within permissible limit
 D. LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER PILE CAP (Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 4860.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 256.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 284.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 608.37 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/BS) LL2 1006.18 18.95 704.32 0.00 0.00
Braking Class A(2L/1S) LL1 18.61 99.72 0 55.40 0
Braking Class A(2L/BS) LL2 18.61 99.72 0 55.40 0
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 9.70 0.00 117.62 0.00 11.65
Seismic Class A(2L/BS) LL2 11.24 1.00 136.18 1.00 13.48
Dead Load Seismic 1026.46 4725.07 4725.07 972.44 972.44
Wind load 155.93 0.00 780.77 0.00 109.93
Water Current force 4.64 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98
Buoyant force -798.66 0 0 0 0

NON-SEISMIC CASE

(I) HFL / DRY CONDITION (II) HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND (III) ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-WL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
Loads FOS Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 Wind load 1.50 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 1.15 Water Current force 1.00
Water Current force 1.00

SEISMIC CASE

(I) HFL / DRY CONDITION (II) ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE

DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+Sis. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-
LL+WCF+DL SEISMIC seismic/Seismic)
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 0 Water Current force 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL Seismic 1
Seismic LL 1
DL Seismic 1
WCF 1

Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF 8736.86 129.52 958.13 68.35 15.98
Condition

2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WCF 8942.48 157.95 1102.07 68.35 15.98

Non
HFL

3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 7645.70 14.84 1216.73 4.64 180.87

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing-WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 7177.92 14.84 1216.73 4.64 180.87
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1 8732.22 114.68 912.55 63.71 0.00
Condition

6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2 8937.85 143.10 1056.49 63.71 0.00

Non
DRY

7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL(Wind Leading) 7645.70 14.84 1216.73 4.64 180.87

8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+ (-)WL (Wind Leading) 7177.92 14.84 1216.73 4.64 180.87
Conditio Condition

9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+WCF+DL Seismic 7436.48 35.79 299.38 16.72 41.10

Seismic
HFL

10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+WCF+DL Seismic 7425.24 34.79 163.20 15.72 27.62

11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+Sis. LL1+DL SEISMIC 7431.84 20.94 253.80 12.08 25.13

DRY

12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+Sis. LL2+DL SEISMIC 7420.60 19.94 117.62 11.08 11.65

No LL 13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL SEISMIC 7416.88 0.00 117.62 0.00 11.65
dislodge

14 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic) 7411.81 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98

Span

15 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+DL Seismic+WCF (Seismic) 7421.52 14.84 163.20 4.64 27.62

 E. CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
3.6
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m
C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 3 nos.
Edge Clearance = 0.15 m 3.6
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 8.7 m
Pier dimension in longitudinal direction = 2 m
Pier dimension in transeverse direction = 2 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Height of earth above pile cap = 0 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.7 m

Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)

Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 5633.42 14.84 826.35 4.64 125.91
Considering Wind
Vmax 2 6427.4 0.00 1389.13 0.00 109.93
MLmax 3 6503.96 4739.91 4770.65 977.07 988.41 Consudering
Vmax 4 7297.98 4725.07 4725.07 972.44 972.44 Seismic
MLmax 5 5477.49 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98
Normal Case
Vmax 6 6271.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 span dislodged
MLmax 7 3633.40 14.844 45.580 4.636 15.975
(Non-seismic)
1 span dislodged
MLmax 8 7421.52 14.844 163.203 4.636 27.621
(Seismic)

Check for pile capacity

Traffic Direction
Total no. of pile = 6
PILE CAP
Pile No. Trans. Long. 1.8 3.6
xi yi A xi2 yi2 6 1
1 1.80 3.60 3.24 12.96 -1.8 3.6
2 1.80 0.00 3.24 0.00
3 1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.96
4 -1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.96 1.8 0
5 -1.80 0.00 3.24 0.00 5 2 8.7
6 -1.80 3.60 3.24 12.96 -1.8 0

-1.8 -3.6
4 3
3
ZL = 10.8 M 1.8 -3.6
ZT = 14.4 M3 5.1
 E. CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
3.6
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.5 KN-m/KN
Moment in pile
Load
due to horizontal
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT H/N force
1 938.90 1.37 57.385 20.999 73.495
2 1071.24 0.00 96.468 18.322 64.127
3 1083.99 438.88 331.295 231.639 810.736
4 1216.33 437.51 328.130 229.206 802.221
5 912.92 1.37 3.165 2.772 9.703
6 1045.25 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
7 605.57 1.37 3.165 2.772 9.703
8 1236.92 1.37 11.334 4.668 16.338

Vertical Loads on piles Now

Load Pile marks 1,3,4,6 Pile marks 2,5 Vmax = 1981.966 KN
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin Coresponding moment = 802.22 KN-M
1 997.66 880.14 940.28 937.53 Load case no. = 4
2 1167.71 974.77 1071.24 1071.24 Mmax = 810.736 KN-M
3 1854.17 -313.82 1522.87 645.11 Coresponding Vmin = -313.817 KN
4 1981.97 -450.69 1653.84 778.82 Load case no. = 3
5 917.46 908.38 914.29 911.54 Maximum horizontal force = 2.772 KN (non seismic)
6 1045.25 1045.25 1045.25 1045.25 From geotechnical investigation report
7 610.11 601.03 606.94 604.19 For pile length 24.00 m from bottom of pile cap
8 1249.63 1224.21 1238.29 1235.55 Vertical capacity = 3500 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 370.00 KN OK
 F. DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Load
LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu
comb SL
2 MLmax 8942.48 157.948 1102.07 68.346 15.975
2 Vmax 8942.48 157.948 1102.07 68.346 15.975
4 Vmin 7177.92 14.84 1216.73 4.64 180.87
15 1 span dislodged 7421.52 14.84 163.20 4.64 27.62
No. of piles = 6

0.8 ML 0.8 0.75

0.75
C 6 1
C

3.6
A A
MT
1.414 5 2 2 8.7
B 0.293
B
1.713 2.6
4 3
1.931 D 0.75
D

1.414 1.713 0.131

1.55 5.1

1.713 1.931

1.8

Transverse direction 1.2

Load
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT
2 1490.41 14.62 76.532
2 1490.41 14.62 76.532
4 1196.32 1.37 84.495
15 1236.92 1.37 11.334
 F. DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Loads on piles
Load Moment in
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 Pile 6
Case each piles
2 1581.57 1505.04 1428.506 1399.257 1475.789 1552.32 40.943
2 1581.57 1505.04 1428.506 1399.257 1475.789 1552.32 40.943
4 1282.19 1197.69 1113.199 1110.451 1194.946 1279.44 105.543
15 1249.63 1238.29 1226.960 1224.211 1235.545 1246.88 16.338

Considering case 2
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1581.571 3.688 5832.547
2 Pile 2 1505.039 0.8 1204.031
3 Pile 3 1428.506 3.688 5268.072
4 Self Wt. -606.825 0.775 -470.289
Total 11834.36
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile cap
As the piles in longitudinal direction are within the effective depth of pile (d= 1712.5 mm) so these piles will not
contribute in shear force but piles in transverse direction are beyond the distance 'd' so we shall check the shear
force in this direction.
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN
For Shear
Sl. No. Force due to Total Force
at D-D
1 Pile 3 1428.506 1428.506
2 Pile 6 1552.322 1552.322
3 Self Wt. -443.050 -234.781
Total 2746.047
Design of pile cap in flexure
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for ULS

Design moment = 1360.27 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
 F. DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418

Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.
125 mm c/c
Total reinforcement provided = 3927 mm2
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 158.17 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.038 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 780.9 mm
So, Section is Under Reinforced, OK
CG of compressive force = 65.799 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
2811.557 kN OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)

Design Shear Force = 315.638 KN
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3927 mm2
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0023
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0 So,VRd.c = 484.05 KN
Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263892
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.915 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 484.05 KN OK, Safe in Shear

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR PIER SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a Basic Control
Perimeter u1
2d

b
Reduced Control
Perimeter

Face of loaded Pier Shaft

area
 F. DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from pier shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 6535.83 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 363.95 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.056 m
Corresponding transeverse design moment, MTu = 1078.19 KN-m
Transeverse eccentricity, et = 0.165 m

As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b

a= 8.7 m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face =

b= 2.4 m 0.2 m
2 2
Now, b = 1+1.8√((el/a) +(et/b) ) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.124 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 17.4 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from pier shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 7475.4252 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.282 Mpa

Punching shear check at face of pier shaft

a= 2m
b= 2m
Now, b = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.157 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 10.280 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from pier shaft
VEd = 6535.83 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.429 Mpa
 F. DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter

Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd
where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 0.2 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 4.519 Mpa
1/3
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck ) .2d/a
where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.165
So, nRd = 20.254 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 3.631 Mpa OK, Safe at Reduced Control Perimeter

Punching shear resistance at face

Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp
Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.183 nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.183 Mpa OK

Punching shear check for pile reaction

a
Reduced
control
Basic perimeter
control
perimeter Reduced control perimeter for corner piles =
= P.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 2.599 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd

2d Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter =

14.323 KN

Vertical
Reduced Control Shear
Pile No. Force Status
perimeter at distance a stress
VEd.red
1 1567.25 2.599 0.3521 OK
2 1490.72 2.599 0.3349 OK
3 1414.18 2.599 0.3177 OK

Vertical Reduced Control Shear

Pile No. Status
Force perimeter at pile face stress
1 1581.57 2.826 0.3268 OK
2 1505.04 2.826 0.3110 OK
3 1428.51 2.826 0.2952 OK
 I. DESIGN OF PILES

Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

fck of concrete = 35 N/mm2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm2
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 75 mm
Loads on Piles
Moment in
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 Pile 6
Load Case each piles KN-
kN kN kN kN kN kN
m
2 1581.57 1505.04 1428.51 1399.26 1475.79 1552.32 40.943
2 1581.57 1505.04 1428.51 1399.26 1475.79 1552.32 40.943
4 1282.19 1197.69 1113.20 1110.45 1194.95 1279.44 105.543
15 1249.63 1238.29 1226.96 1224.21 1235.55 1246.88 16.338

d
Diameter of bars provided = 20 mm
No. of bars provided = 25 Nos.
Percentage of stee, p = 0.694
So, p/fck = 0.020
d'/D = 0.071
Now for case 1, Pile No. 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.031

From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.046
So, Mu1 = 2782.08 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.038 SAFE

Continue all bars upto end of pile

Provide distribution reinforcement 10 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
The long flexible pile is treated as a cantilever fixed at some depth below the ground level.

The depth of fixity of pile is determined using plots given IS:2911 2014
Where
T = (E I / K 1 ) 1/5
E = Young's modulus of the pile in kg/m2
I = Moment of inertia of the pile in cm4
K1 are the constants given in table 2 & 3 of IS:2911
 I. DESIGN OF PILES

Fck = 30 Mpa Pile dia = 120 cm

2 4
E= 2.74E+05 kg/cm I= 10178760 cm
3
K1 = 0.525 kg/cm

T= 351 cm

L1 = 0 m
L1/T = 0.00
For Fixed Head Piles in Preloaded Clays, from Fig.2 of Append.C
Lf/T = 2.2
Lf = 5.14 m

The fixed end moment of the eq. Cantilever = Q(L1+Lf)*0.5*m for fixed head pile

Q = lateral load = 0.28 T m = reduction factor = 0.85

M= 0.61 Tm

Allowable deflection of pile = 1.13E-03 cm

= 0.011 mm < 12mm at pile tip
 G. LOAD COMBINATION FOR PIER PILE CAP (Servicebility Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 4860.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 256.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 284.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 608.37 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/BS) LL2 1006.18 18.95 704.32 0.00 0.00
Braking Class A(2L/1S) LL1 18.61 99.72 0 55.40 0
Braking Class A(2L/BS) LL2 18.61 99.72 0 55.40 0
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 9.70 0.00 117.62 0.00 11.65
Seismic Class A(2L/BS) LL2 11.24 1.00 136.18 1.00 13.48
Dead Load Seismic 1026.46 4725.1 4725.07 972.44 972.44
Wind load 155.93 0.00 780.77 0.00 109.93
Water Current force 4.64 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98
Buoyant force -798.66 0 0 0 0

NON-SEISMIC CASE

(I) HFL / DRY CONDITION (II) HFL / DRY CONDITION WIND (III) ONE SPAN DISLODGED CASE
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+/-WL+WCF DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF
Loads FOS Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.00 Dead Load 1.00 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1.00 Surfacing 1.00 Surfacing 1.00
LL 1.00 Wind load 1.00 Water Current force 1.00
Braking LL 0.75 Water Current force 1.00
Water Current force 1.00

Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1+WCF 6290.11 89.63 653.95 46.19 15.98
Condition

2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2+WCF 6427.20 108.58 749.90 46.19 15.98

Non
HFL

3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 5562.99 14.84 826.35 4.64 125.91

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing-WL+WCF (Wind Leading) 5251.13 14.84 826.35 4.64 125.91
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Braking LL1 6285.48 74.79 608.37 41.55 0.00
Condition

6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Braking LL2 6422.56 93.74 704.32 41.55 0.00

Non
DRY

7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WL(Wind Leading) 5562.99 14.84 826.35 4.64 125.91

8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+ (-)WL (Wind Leading) 5251.13 14.84 826.35 4.64 125.91
dislodged
Span

9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+WCF (Non-seismic) 5407.06 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98

 H. CHECK PILE CAP (SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE)

SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu

2 MLmax 6427.196 108.58 749.90 46.186 15.975
2 Vmax 6427.20 108.58 749.90 46.19 15.98
4 Vmin 5251.130 14.84 826.35 4.636 125.907
9 1 span dislodged 5407.06 14.84 45.58 4.64 15.98
No. of Piles = 6

ML 0.75
0.8 0.8

0.75
C 4 1 C
3.6
A A
MT
1.414 5 2
8.7
B B
1.713

1.931 6 2 3
D 3 D

5.1
1.55

1.8

Transverse direction 1.2

Load
Case V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT
2 1071.20 10.05 52.077
2 1071.20 10.05 52.077
4 875.19 1.37 57.385
9 901.18 1.37 3.165

Vertical Loads on piles

Load
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 Pile 6
Case
2 1133.33 1081.25 1029.18 1113.22 1061.15 1009.07
2 1133.33 1081.25 1029.18 1113.22 1061.15 1009.07
4 933.95 876.56 819.18 931.20 873.81 816.43
9 905.72 902.55 899.39 902.97 899.80 896.64
 H. CHECK PILE CAP (SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE)

Considering case 2
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 3 1029.177 3.688 3795.42
2 Pile 6 1009.069 0.8 807.25
3 Self Wt. -606.825 0.775 -470.29
Total 4132.38

Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile cap

As the piles in longitudinal direction are within the effective depth of pile (d= 1712.5 mm) so these piles will not contribute
in shear force but piles in transverse direction are beyond the distance 'd' so we shall check the shear force in this
direction.
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN
For Shear at
Sl. No. Force due to Total Force
D-D
1 Pile 3 1029.177 1029.177
2 Pile 6 1009.069 1009.069
3 Self Wt. -443.050 -234.781
Total 1803.464

Stress level check:

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 474.99 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1.0 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.333333
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Total reinforcement provided = 3927 mm2

Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 319.545
CG of compressive force = 106.515 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 75.31 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 295.76 KN
Stress in concrete = 1.851 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
 H. CHECK PILE CAP (SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE)

Crack Width Check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now,

(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 75.31 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.4516129
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.9 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings

Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0 x B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
d h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain

hc.eff

1 B

So, hc.eff = 218.75 mm

Ac.eff = 218750 mm2
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.01795196
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5

Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 491.743 mm
And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -7.40563E-05
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.00022594
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000226

So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.111 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
Crack Width Within Permissible Limit
 J. Summarised Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
PIER SHAFT
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 25525 mm2
Concrete area, Ac = 3141592.654 mm2
Now, 0.002Ac = 6283.185 mm2 < Steel provided, OK Cl-16.2.2(3); IRC:112-2011
0.1NED/fyd = 1503.24 mm2 < Steel provided, OK Cl-16.2.2(3); IRC:112-2011
and 0.04Ac = 125663.7 mm2 > Steel provided, OK Cl-16.2.2(4); IRC:112-2011

Horizontal Reinforcement provide 12 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 792 mm2

Vertical reinforcement provided =

25 mm dia @ 113 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.

PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Steel in 1m strip = 3927 mm2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm2 OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
16 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
Provide side face reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face

PIER CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 20 nos in two layers
Provide 4 legged vertical stirrup of 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

PILE
Main reinforcement provided 20 mm dia. 25 Nos.
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided 10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c