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Lecture 7 Subnetting

This document discusses subnetting, which allows dividing a single IP address block into multiple logical networks. It explains that subnetting is done by borrowing host bits and designating them as network bits instead, which creates additional network IDs. The more host bits borrowed, the more subnets that can be defined, but it also reduces the number of host addresses available per subnet. It provides examples of how to create two, four, and eight subnets from a single IP address block through subnetting.

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44 views12 pages

Lecture 7 Subnetting

This document discusses subnetting, which allows dividing a single IP address block into multiple logical networks. It explains that subnetting is done by borrowing host bits and designating them as network bits instead, which creates additional network IDs. The more host bits borrowed, the more subnets that can be defined, but it also reduces the number of host addresses available per subnet. It provides examples of how to create two, four, and eight subnets from a single IP address block through subnetting.

Uploaded by

jasmhmyd205
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Subnetting

• Subnetting allows creating multiple logical networks


from a single address block.
• Because a router connects these networks, each
interface on a router must have a unique network ID.
• You create the subnets by reassigning one or more of
the host bits as network bits.
• This is done by extending the prefix to “borrow”
some of the bits from the host portion of the
address to create additional network bits.
• The more host bits borrowed, the more subnets that
can be defined.
• For each bit borrowed, you double the number of
subnetworks available.
Basic Subnetting
• For example, if you borrow 1 bit, you can define two
subnets. If you borrow 2 bits, you can have four
subnets.
• However, with each bit you borrow, you have fewer
host bits to define the host addresses in each subnet.
Therefore, there are fewer host addresses available
per subnet.
• Additionally, because you have two addresses for each
network—network address and broadcast
address—that cannot be assigned to hosts, the total
number of hosts in the entire network decreases.
Creating Two Subnets
Creating Two Subnets
• Router A in Figure 6-18 has two interfaces to
interconnect two networks.
• Given an address block of 192.168.1.0 /24, you
will create two subnets.
• You borrow 1 bit from the host portion by using a
subnet mask of 255.255.255.128, instead of the
original 255.255.255.0 mask.
• This makes the most significant bit in the last
octet a network bit instead of a host bit.
Creating Two Subnets
This bit is used to distinguish between the two
subnets. For one of the subnets, this bit is a 0, and
for the other subnet, this bit is a 1. The
information for these two subnets is shown in
Table 6-15.
Creating Four Subnets
Creating Four Subnets
Creating Eight Subnets
Subnetting: Dividing Networks into Right Sizes

• Step 1. Determine the total number of addresses.


• Step 2. Determine the number of networks and
the number of hosts in each network.
• Step 3. Partition the address block to create a
network of appropriate size for the largest subnet
network.
• Step 4. Create another partition of appropriate
size for the next largest network.
• Step 5. Continue to create partitions for each
subsequently smaller network until all subnets
have address blocks assigned.
Subnetting: Dividing Networks into Right Sizes
Subnetting: Dividing Networks into Right Sizes
Subnetting a Subnet

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