Workbook Contents

NOTE: The calculations in th

Click on tabs at the bottom of the screen to access the following:

Tab 1. Contents (current tab)

Tab 2. User Inputs and Constants

Tab 3. CMAS - BOD Removal

Tab 4. CMAS - Nitrification (and BOD Removal)

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The calculations in these worksheets follow the steps used in Example 8-3 in:

Metcalf & Eddy/Aecom, Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Resource Recovery,

5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 20014.
Completely Mixed Activated Sludge Design Calculations - S.I. units
User Inputs

Instructions: Enter values in blue boxes. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes

User Inputs - Wastewater Parameters/Characteristics

Design ww Flow Rate, Qo = 22464 m3/d Prim. Effl. TSS, TSSo = 70

Prim. Effl. BOD, BODo = 140 mg/L Prim. Effl. VSS, VSSo = 60
sBOD, sBODo = 70 mg/L
Prim. Effl. TKN, TKNo = 35
Prim. Effl. COD, CODo = 300 mg/L TKN peak/ave factor , FS = 1.5
sCOD, sCODo = 132 mg/L Prim. Effl. NH4-N, NH4-No = 25
rbCOD, rbCODo = 80 mg/L Prim. Effl. Tot. Phos, TPo = 6

ratio, bCOD/BOD = 1.6 Prim. Effl. Alkalinity, Alko = 140

SRT for BOD Rem., SRT = 5 days Design MLSS,, XTSS = 2000
Aeration WW Temp., Tww = C
o
12 to 3000

User Inputs - Biological Kinetic Coefficients (See typical values at right)

1. For BOD Removal: Resid. biomass fract., fd = 0.15

Synth. Yield Coeff, Y = 0.45 g VSS/g bCOD Half Veloc. Coeff., Ks = 8
Temp coeff, q, for mm = 1.07 Max spec. grwth rate at 20oC, mm20 = 6
Temp coeff, q, for kd = 1.04 Endog. decay coeff. at 20oC, kd20 = 0.12

2. For Nitrification:

Synth. Yield Coeff, Yn = 0.15 g VSS/g NOx

Temp coeff, q, for mmn = 1.072 Max spec. grwth rate at 20oC, mmn20 = 0.9
Temp coeff, q, for kdn = 1.029 Endog. decay coeff. at 20oC, kdn20 = 0.17
Temp coeff, q, for Ksn = 1 Half Veloc. Coeff. At 20oC, Ksn = 0.5

Constants Used in the Calculations

Ratio of BOD5 to BODu, f = 0.67 BODu equiv. of VSS = 1.4 g BODu/g VSS

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S.I. units Activated Sludge Kinetic Coefficients for heterotrophic bacteria at 20 oC (for BOD removal)

Coefficient Unit Typical Value Range*

mm kg VSS/day/kg VSS 6.0 3.0 - 13.2

mg/L Ks mg/L bCOD 8.0 5.0 - 40.0

mg/L Y kg VSS/day/kg bCOD 0.45 0.30 - 0.50

mg/L kd kg VSS/day/kg VSS 0.12 0.06 - 0.20

mg/L fd dimensionless 0.15 0.08 - 0.20

mg/L * Range of values is from M&E 4th Ed
q values for temperature corrections
mg/L as CaCO3
for mm dimensionless 1.07 1.03 - 1.08

mg/L for kd dimensionless 1.04 1.03 - 1.08

mg/L for Ks dimensionless 1.00 1.00

From Table 8-14, Metcalf & Eddy/Aecom, Wastewater Engineering Treatment

and Resource Recovery, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 20014.

mg/L Activated Sludge Nitrification Kinetic Coefficients at 20oC

g VSS/d/g VSS
g VSS/d/g VSS Coefficient Unit Typical Value Range*

mmn kg VSS/day/kg VSS 0.90 0.2 - 0.90

g VSS/d/g VSS Kn mg/L NH4-N 0.50 0.50 - 1.0

g VSS/d/g VSS
mg/L Yn kg VSS/kg NH4-N 0.15 0.10 - 0.15

kdn kg VSS/day/kg VSS 0.17 0.05 - 0.15

g BODu/g VSS Ko mg/L 0.50 0.40 - 0.60
* Range of values is from M&E 4th Ed
q values for temperature corrections
for mmn dimensionless 1.072 1.06 - 1.123
for kdn dimensionless 1.029 1.03 - 1.08

for Kn dimensionless 1.000 1.03 - 1.123

From Table 8-14, Metcalf & Eddy/Aecom, Wastewater Engineering Treatment

and Resource Recovery, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 20014.
 20 oC (for BOD removal)

Range*

3.0 - 13.2

5.0 - 40.0

0.30 - 0.50

0.06 - 0.20

0.08 - 0.20
es is from M&E 4th Ed

1.03 - 1.08

1.03 - 1.08
1.00

ering Treatment

Range*

0.2 - 0.90

0.50 - 1.0

0.10 - 0.15

0.05 - 0.15
 0.40 - 0.60
es is from M&E 4th Ed

1.06 - 1.123
1.03 - 1.08

1.03 - 1.123

ering Treatment
Completely Mixed Activated Sludge BOD Removal Calculations - S.I. units

Instructions: Enter values in blue boxes. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes

User Inputs
Target effluent concentrations: Design SRT, SRTBOD = 5
BODe = 30 mg/L Design MLSS, = 3000
TSSe = 25 mg/L Waste/recycle A.S. conc. TSSw = 6500
Tank Freeboard = 0.5 m Liquid Depth in Tank = 5.0
Number of Aeration Tanks = 3.0 Tank L:W ratio = 1.0
(target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular)

Calculations - Reator design for BOD Removal

1. Calculate the Biomass Production Rate

mm at Tww = 3.5 g VSS/d/g VSS kd at Tww = 0.088

bCODo = 224 mg/L S= 0.7

Biomass Production Rate, PX,bio = 1672 kg VSS/day

2. Determine the Production Rate and Mass of VSS and TSS in the Aeration Basin

bpCOD/pCOD = 0.67 nbVSS = 20 mg/L

Aeration Tank VSS Production Rate, PX,VSS = 2122 kg VSS/day

Aeration Tank TSS Production Rate, PX,TSS = 2641 kg TSS/day

Mass of MLVSS = 10,608 kg VSS Mass of MLSS = 13,207

3. Calculate Aeration Tank Volume and dimensions, Detention Time, and MLVSS
(User Input needed in Blue Cells)

Req. Aeration Vol., Vaer = 4,402 m3 Click on green box and then on
Req. Vol. per tank, Vtank = 1,467 m3 arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular
Calculated Tank Width = 17.1 m Actual Tank Width: 17.5
Calculated Tank Length = 17.1 m Actual Tank Length: 17.5
Tank Wall Height = 5.5 m Actual Tank liquid Volume = 1531

Aeration Det'n time, t = 4.9 hr MLVSS, = 2410

 4. Calculate F/M and Volumetric BOD Loading

F/M = 0.30 g BOD/d/g MLVSS Vol. BOD Loading = 0.68

5. Calculate Sludge Recycle Rate and Sludge Wasting Rate

A.S. Recycle Rate, Qr = 18,806 m3/d Waste A.S. Rate, Qw = 338.9

5. Oxygen/Air Requirement and Blower Calculations

A. Simplified Estimates using "Rules of Thumb" shown at right

i) INPUTS (Values of "Rule of Thumb" Constants for the Calculations)

O2 needed per kg BOD = 1.30 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 4.4

O2 needed per kg NH4-N = 4.57 kg O2/kg NH4-N Normal Temperature = 0
SOTE as Function of Depth = 6.56% % per m depth Normal Pressure = 1.00

AOTE/SOTE = 0.33 Atmospheric Pressure = 1.014

Press. Drop across Diffuser = 0.030 bar Air Density at STP = 1.275
(from mfr/vendor) O2 Content in Air = 0.293

ii) Calculations

Press. at mid depth, PD = 1.2 bar

BOD Daily Loading = 103.0 kg/hr AOTE = 9.5%
Oxygen Requirement = 133.8 kg/hr Air Requirement = 4796
SOTE = 29% Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.5

B. More Detailed Estimates using Biological Kinetics and Diffuser Parameters

i) INPUTS

Std O2 Transf. Effic., SOTE = 29% Ratio of oxygen transfer rate in wastewater
(from diffuser mfr or vendor) to that in clean water, a = 0.65
Diffuser fouling factor, F = 0.90 Ratio of saturated D.O. in wastewater to that in
Sat'n DO at 20 C, 1 atm, Css =
o
9.08 mg/L clean water at same T & P, b = 0.95
D.O. conc. To be maintained for WW trtmt operation, CL = 2.0
ii) Calculations

Sat'n DO at Tww, 1 atm, Cs = 10.77 mg/L Press. at mid depth, PD = 1.2

Observed Yield, Yobs = 0.31 kg VSS/kg BOD5 O2 Utilization Rate = 127
Effl. Soluble BOD, sBODe = 10.9 mg/L Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr: 2978
Actual O2 Transfer Des. Air Flow Rate, m /hr:
3
2107
Efficiency, AOTE = 14.5% Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.5

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cylindrical
rectangular
ns - S.I. units

days
mg/L
mg/L
m

rectangular)

g VSS/d/g VSS Equations used for the calculations: (note that conversion factors are needed in s
mg bCOD/L

mm at Tww = mm,20 qTww - 20

(Tww must be in oC for these calculations) kd at Tww = kd,20 qTww - 20

PX,bio = QY(So - S)/(1 + kdSRT) + fdkdQY(So - S)SRT/(1 + kdSRT)

S = Ks[1 + (kd)SRT]/[SRT(mm - kd) - 1

V = Mass of MLSS/MLSS

kg TSS Mass of MLVSS = (PX,VSS) SRT

PX,VSS = PX,bio + Q(nbVSS) PX,TSS = PX,VSS + Q(TSSo - VSSo)

rectangular
m
m
m3

mg/L detention time: t = V/Q

 F/M = QSo/XV

kg BOD/d/m3 Vol BOD loading = QSo/V

Qr = Qo(MLSS - TSSo)/(TSSw - MLSS)

m3/d Qw = [(V*MLSS/SRT) - QoTSSe]/(TSSw - TSSe)

Rules of Thumb for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements for Coarse or Fine Bubble Diffu
Source:
http://www.xylemwatersolutions.com/scs/sweden/sv-se/produkter/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san

m 1. The typical AOR/SOR (or AOTE/SOTE) is 0.50 for a coarse bubble aertion system.
C
o
2. The typical AOR/SOR (or AOTE/SOTE) is 0.33 for a fine bubble aertion system.
bar 3. The typical SOTE is 0.75% per foot (2.46%/m) of diffuser submergence for a coarse bubble system
bar 4. The typical SOTE is 2.0% per foot (6.56%/m) of diffuser submergence for a fine bubble system
kg/m3 5. Air weighs 1.275 kg/m3 (at 0oC and 1 bar) and contains 23% oxygen by weight, thus:
kg/m3 6. Air contains 0.2930 kg of oxygen/m3.
7. For biological treatment with SRT from 5 to 10 days, kg oxygen required /kg BOD removed
is typically in the range from 0.92 - 1.1 kg O2/kg BOD. Higher SRT results in a higher value
of kg O2 required/kg BOD removed.
8. The oxidation of 1 kg of ammonia nitrogen typically requires 4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.
Nm /hr3

bar

See derivation of equation for Saturated D.O. vs Tempreature at 1 atm below.

Oxygen demand = Ro = Q(So - S) - 1.42PX,bio + 4.33Q(NOx)

mg/L AOTE = SOTE*a*F*[(B*(PD/Pstd)*Cs -CL)/Css]q(Tww-20)

 Derivation of Equation for Saturation DO Concentration at WW Tempe
bar
kg/hr Sat'n DO
Nm3/hr T, oC mg/L Saturation DO Concentration vs Temperature (at 1 atm

Saturation D.O., mg/L

m3/hr 0 14.62 16
bar 1 14.22
2 13.83 14 f(x) = − 7.044E-05 x³ + 7.650E-03 x² − 4.006E-01 x + 1.460E+01
R² = 1.000E+00
3 13.46
4 13.11 12

5 12.77
10
6 12.45

7 12.14 8

8 11.84 6

9 11.56
4
10 11.29
11 11.03
2
12 10.78
13 10.54 0
14 10.3 0 5 10 15 20 25
Temperature, degrees C
15 10.08
16 9.87
17 9.66 Source for DO vs T data: USGS website at:
18 9.47
19 9.28 http://water.usgs.gov/software/DOTABLES/
20 9.09
21 8.92
22 8.74
23 8.58
24 8.42
25 8.26
26 8.11
27 7.97
28 7.83
29 7.69
30 7.56
31 7.43
32 7.30
33 7.18
34 7.06
35 6.95
factors are needed in some of the equations)

= kd,20 qTww - 20

TSSo - VSSo)
se or Fine Bubble Diffusers

nspumpar/documents/san3.pdf

a coarse bubble system

fine bubble system

BOD removed
n a higher value

atm below.
ion at WW Temperature:

Temperature (at 1 atm pressure)

006E-01 x + 1.460E+01

20 25 30 35 40
erature, degrees C
Completely Mixed Activated Sludge Nitrification Calculations - S.I. units

Instructions: Enter values in blue boxes. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes

User Inputs Design MLSS, = 3000 mg/L

Target effluent concentrations: Prim. Effl. TKN, TKNo = 35 mg/L
BODe = 15 mg/L Initial Estimate of NOx = 28.9 mg/L
TSSe = 15 mg/L Waste/recycle A.S. conc. TSSw = 6500.0 mg/L
NH4-Ne = 0.50 mg/L Liquid Depth in Tank = 5.0 m

Tank Freeboard = 0.5 m Tank L:W ratio = 1.0

Number of Aeration Tanks = 3.0 (target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular)

NOTE: An initial estimate is needed for NOx in cell H7 to start an iterative calculation of
NOx below. 80% of the primary effluent TKN is suggested for this initial estimate.

Calculations - Reator design for BOD Removal and Nitrification

1. Calculate Design SRT

mmn at Tww = 0.51604 g VSS/d/g VSS Ksn at Tww = 0.50 mg/L
kdn at Tww = 0.14 g VSS/d/g VSS mn = 0.07 g VSS/d/g VSS

Theoretical SRT = 14.05 days Design SRT, SRT = 21.1 days

2. Calculate the Biomass Production Rate

mm at Tww = 3.5 g VSS/d/g VSS kd at Tww = 0.088 g VSS/d/g VSS

bCODo = 224 mg/L S= 0.3 mg bCOD/L

Biomass Production Rate, PX,bio = 1039 kg VSS/day

3. Determine the Amount of Nitrogen Oxidized to Nitrate

Calculated amount of nitrogen oxidized to nitrate, NOx = 28.9 mg/L

Difference between estimated and calculated values for NOx = 0.0000 mg/L
Goal Seek Result:
Amount of nitrogen oxidized to nitrate, NOx = 28.9 mg/L

NOTE: This is an iterative solution. You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the NOx value as
follows: Place the cursor on cell G31 and click on "goal seek" (in the "tools" menu of older versions
and under "Data What If Analysis" in newer versions of Excel). Enter values to "Set cell:" G31, "To
value:" 0, "By changing cell:" H7, and click on "OK". The calculated value of NOx will appear in cell
G33 and cell G31 should be zero if the process worked properly. Note that cell H7 needs an initial
estimate for NOx in order for the iterative solution to work properly.

4. Determine the Production Rate and Mass of VSS and TSS in the Aeration Basin

bpCOD/pCOD = 0.67 nbVSS = 20 mg/L

Aeration Tank VSS Production Rate, PX,VSS = 1489 kg VSS/day

Aeration Tank TSS Production Rate, PX,TSS = 1897 kg TSS/day

Mass of MLVSS = 31,374 kg VSS Mass of MLSS = 39,975 kg TSS

5. Calculate Aeration Tank Volume and dimensions, Detention Time, and MLVSS
(User Input needed in Blue Cells)

Req. Aeration Vol., Vaer = 13,325 m3 Click on green box and then on
Req. Vol. per tank, Vtank = 4,442 m3
arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular
Calculated Tank Width = 29.8 m Actual Tank Width: 30.0 m

Calculated Tank Length = 29.8 m Actual Tank Length: 30.0 m

Tank Wall Height = 5.5 m Actual Tank liquid Volume = 4500 m3

Aeration Det'n time, t = 14.4 hr MLVSS, = 2355 mg/L

6. Calculate F/M and Volumetric BOD Loading

F/M = 0.10 g BOD/d/g MLVSS Vol. BOD Loading = 0.24 kg BOD/d/m3

7. Calculate Sludge Recycle Rate and Sludge Wasting Rate

A.S. Recycle Rate, Qr = 18,806 m3/d Waste A.S. Rate, Qw = 244 m3/d

8. Oxygen/Air Requirement and Blower Calculations

A. Simplified Estimates using "Rules of Thumb" shown at right

i) INPUTS (Values of "Rule of Thumb" Constants for the Calculations)

O2 needed per kg BOD = 1.30 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 4.4 m

 O2 needed per kg NH4-N = 4.57 kg O2/kg NH4-N Normal Temperature = 0 o
C
SOTE as Function of Depth = 6.56% % per m depth Normal Pressure = 1.00 bar

AOTE/SOTE = 0.33 Atmospheric Pressure = 1.014 bar

Press. Drop across Diffuser = 0.030 bar Air Density at STP = 1.200 kg/m3
(from mfr/vendor) O2 Content in Air = 0.2770 kg/m3

ii) Calculations

Press. at mid depth, PD = 1.2 bar NH3-N Daily Loading = 22.9 kg/hr
BOD Daily Loading = 117.0 kg/hr AOTE = 9.5%
Oxygen Requirement = 256.9 kg/hr Air Requirement = 9737 Nm3/hr

SOTE = 29% Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.5 bar

B. More Detailed Estimates using Biological Kinetics and Diffuser Parameters

i) INPUTS

Std O2 Transf. Effic., SOTE = 29% Ratio of oxygen transfer rate in wastewater
(from diffuser mfr or vendor) to that in clean water, a = 0.65
Diffuser fouling factor, F = 0.90 Ratio of saturated D.O. in wastewater to that in
Sat'n DO at 20 C, 1 atm, Css =
o
9.08 mg/L clean water at same T & P, b = 0.95
D.O. conc. To be maintained for WW trtmt operation, CL = 2.0 mg/L

ii) Calculations

Sat'n DO at Tww, 1 atm, Cs = 10.77 mg/L Press. at mid depth, PD = 1.2 bar
Observed Yield, Yobs = 0.16 kg VSS/kg BOD5 O2 Utilization Rate = 309 kg/hr
Effl. Soluble BOD, sBODe = 3.8 mg/L Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr: 7724 Nm3/hr

Actual O2 Transfer Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr: 5464 m3/hr

Efficiency, AOTE = 14.5% Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.5 bar

9. Calculate Alkalinity Requirement

Alk. used for nitrification = 206.7 mg/L as CaCO3 Resid. Alk. to maintain: 80 mg/L as CaCO3
(User Entered Value)

Alkalinity needed = 146.7 mg/L as CaCO3 Alkalinity needed = 3295 kg/day as CaCO3

Sodium bicarbonate needed per day to maintain alkalinity = 5,536 kg/day NaHCO3
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cylindrical
rectangular
 Equations used for the calculations: (note that conversion factors are needed in some of the equations)
S/d/g VSS

mnm at Tww = mnm,20 qTww - 20 Kn at Tww = Kn,20 qTww - 20

kdn at Tww = kdn,20 qTww - 20 (Tww must be in oC for these calculations)

S/d/g VSS
COD/L mn = [ mnmN/(Kn + N) ] [ DO/(Ko + DO) ] Theroetical SRT = 1/mn

Design SRT = (FS)(Theoretical SRT) FS = TKN peak/TKNaverage

PX,bio = QY(So - S)/(1 + kdSRT) + fdkdQY(So - S)SRT/(1 + kdSRT) + QYn(NOx)/(1 + kdnSRT)

S = Ks[1 + (kd)SRT]/[SRT(mm - kd) - 1

NOx = TKN - Ne - 0.12PX,bio/Q

PX,VSS = PX,bio + Q(nbVSS) PX,TSS = PX,VSS + Q(TSSo - VSSo)

 V = Mass of MLSS/MLSS

Mass of MLVSS = (PX,VSS) SRT

Mass of MLSS = (PX,TSS) SRT

detention time: t = V/Q

F/M = QSo/XV

Vol BOD loading = QSo/V

OD/d/m3

Qr = Qo(MLSS - TSSo)/(TSSw - MLSS)

Qw = [(V*MLSS/SRT) - QoTSSe]/(TSSw - TSSe)

Rules of Thumb for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements for Coarse or Fine Bubble Diffusers
Source:
http://www.xylemwatersolutions.com/scs/sweden/sv-se/produkter/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san3.pdf
 1. The typical AOR/SOR (or AOTE/SOTE) is 0.50 for a coarse bubble aertion system.
2. The typical AOR/SOR (or AOTE/SOTE) is 0.33 for a fine bubble aertion system.
3. The typical SOTE is 0.75% per foot (2.46%/m) of diffuser submergence for a coarse bubble system
4. The typical SOTE is 2.0% per foot (6.56%/m) of diffuser submergence for a fine bubble system
5. 1 SCF of air weighs 0.075 lb/ft3 (1.20 kg/m3) and contains 23% oxygen by weight, thus:
6. Air contains 0.0173 lbm of oxygen per SCF (0.2770 kg oxygen/SCM)
7. For biological treatment with SRT from 5 to 10 days, kg oxygen required /kg BOD removed
is typically in the range from 0.92 - 1.1 kg O2/kg BOD. Higher SRT results in a higher value
of kg O2 required/kg BOD removed.
8. The oxidation of 1 kg of ammonia nitrogen typically requires 4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.

See derivation of equation for Saturated D.O. vs Tempreature at 1 atm on Worksheet 3.

Oxygen demand = Ro = Q(So - S) - 1.42PX,bio + 4.33Q(NOx)

AOTE = SOTE*a*F*[(B*(PD/Pstd)*Cs -CL)/Css]q(Tww-20)

Alkalinity to be added = Influent Alk - Alk used + Alk residual desired

Alkalinity used for nitrification = (7.14 g CaCO3/g NH3-N) NOx

Alk needed as sodium bicarbonate = Alk needed as CaCO3(84/50)

as CaCO3

y as CaCO3
e equations)

SRT)