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Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation - Part 2 (Lecture)

This document provides an overview of an ECE 103 course on communications. It outlines topics on amplitude modulation techniques that will be covered, including single-sideband and double-sideband. Concepts discussed include modulation index, overmodulation, sideband frequencies, and power calculations for AM signals. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate modulation index, sideband frequencies, total power, and power in sidebands for various AM signal scenarios.

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Kyle Ivan Casindac
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39 views20 pages

Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation - Part 2 (Lecture)

This document provides an overview of an ECE 103 course on communications. It outlines topics on amplitude modulation techniques that will be covered, including single-sideband and double-sideband. Concepts discussed include modulation index, overmodulation, sideband frequencies, and power calculations for AM signals. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate modulation index, sideband frequencies, total power, and power in sidebands for various AM signal scenarios.

Uploaded by

Kyle Ivan Casindac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 103: Communications 1

III. AMPLITUDE MODULATION PART 2

1st Semester, A.Y 2022-2023


Engr. Lovely Mae Dagsa, MSME
Department of Electronics Engineering
College of Engineering and Geosciences
TOPIC OUTLINE

Introduction to Modulation

Amplitude Modulation

Single-Sideband Techniques

Double-Sideband Techniques

ECE 103: Principles of Communication Systems


OBJECTIVES

• Solve the modulation index and percentage modulation


of AM signal

• Understand overmodulation

• Understand the concept of power in AM signal

• Solve Sideband frequencies


Introduction

• A carrier signal is modulated only in amplitude value


• The required bandwidth is 2B, where B is the bandwidth of the
modulating signal
• Since on both sides of the carrier freq. fc, the spectrum is
identical, we can discard one half, thus requiring a smaller
bandwidth for transmission.
AM Concepts

• Envelopes of a signal are the boundary within which the signal is contained.
Envelopes contain some information of signals, though it is an imaginary curve, for
example, demodulating amplitude modulated (AM) signals by them
AM Concepts
AM Concepts
AM Concepts

• Modulator A circuit that changes a lower-frequency baseband or intelligence signal to a higher-


frequency signal is usually

• Detector or Modulator a circuit used to recover the original intelligence signal from an AM wave.
Modulation Index and Percentage
of Modulation

Modulation Index (m)

Percent of Modulation Multiplying the modulation index by 100


Overmodulation and Distortion

• The Modulation Index should be a number between 0 and 1.

The ideal condition for AM is when Vm = Vc, or m = 1,


which gives 100 percent modulation. This results in the
greatest output power at the transmitter and the
greatest output voltage at the receiver, with no
distortion.
Percentage of Modulation
The peak value of the modulating signal Vm is one-half the
difference of the peak and trough values:
Example 1
Suppose that on an AM signal, the 𝑉max(𝑝−𝑝) value read from the oscilloscope
screen is 5.9 divisions and 𝑉min(𝑝−𝑝) is 1.2 divisions.

(a) What is the Modulation Index?


(b) Calculate 𝑉𝑐 , 𝑉𝑚 and m if the vertical scale is 2 V per division. (Hint: Sketch
the signal).
Sidebands Calculations

• Side Frequencies or Sidebands - occur in the frequency spectrum directly above and directly
below the carrier frequency. More specifically, the sidebands occur at frequencies that are
the sum and difference of the carrier and modulating frequencies.

Example 2:
Assume that a 400-Hz tone modulates a 300-kHz carrier. The upper and lower
sideband are:
Sidebands Calculations
Sidebands Calculations
Example 3

A standard AM broadcast station is allowed to transmit modulating frequencies up to 5 kHz.


If the AM station is transmitting on a frequency of 980 kHz, compute the maximum and
minimum upper and lower sidebands and the total bandwidth occupied by the AM station.
AM Power 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝐿𝑆𝐵 + 𝑃𝑈𝑆𝐵

Total Power in AM signal when the carrier power and the percentage
modulation are known:

𝑚2
𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐶 (1 + )
2
Example 4

An AM transmitter has a carrier power of 30W. The percentage of modulation is 85


percent. Calculate (a) the total power and (b) the power in one sideband.
Example 5

An antenna has an impedance of 40 Ω. An unmodulated AM signal produces a


current of 4.8 A. The modulation is 90 percent. Calculate (a) the carrier power, (b)
the total power, and (c) the sideband power.
ECE 103: Communications 1

Next Lecture Video:


• Single-Sideband Techniques
• Double-Sideband Techniques

1st Semester, A.Y 2022-2023


Engr. Lovely Mae Dagsa, MSME
Department of Electronics Engineering
College of Engineering and Geosciences

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