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Lecture3 MI Nahid

A digital multimeter can precisely measure voltage, current, and resistance of both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) by converting all measurements other than DC voltage into equivalent DC voltage. It uses components like an attenuator, rectifier, filter, and analog-to-digital converter to measure AC voltage and a shunt resistor to measure current. To measure resistance, it determines the voltage across an externally connected resistor. A digital frequency meter uses a counter, clock, and gate to count the number of periods of an input signal over a set time to determine the signal's frequency.

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22 views13 pages

Lecture3 MI Nahid

A digital multimeter can precisely measure voltage, current, and resistance of both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) by converting all measurements other than DC voltage into equivalent DC voltage. It uses components like an attenuator, rectifier, filter, and analog-to-digital converter to measure AC voltage and a shunt resistor to measure current. To measure resistance, it determines the voltage across an externally connected resistor. A digital frequency meter uses a counter, clock, and gate to count the number of periods of an input signal over a set time to determine the signal's frequency.

Uploaded by

nahid5552000
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Digital Multimeter

Digital Multimeter

A digital multimeter is an electronic instrument


which can measure very precisely the dc and ac
voltage, current (dc and ac), and resistance.
All quantities other than dc voltage is first
converted into an equivalent dc voltage by
some device and then measured with the help
of digital voltmeter.
Block Diagram of Digital Voltmeter
Working Principle

For measurement of ac voltage, the input


voltage, is fed through a calibrated, compensated
attenuator, to a precision full-wave rectifier
circuit followed by a ripple reduction filter.
The resulting dc is fed to an Analog Digital
Converter (ADC) and the subsequent display
system. Many manufacturers provide the same
attenuator for both ac and dc measurements.
Digital Ammeter
A digital ammeter uses a shunt resistor to produce
a calibrated voltage proportional to the current
flowing. As shown in the diagram, to read the
current we must first convert the current to be
measured into a voltage by using a known
resistance RK. The voltage so developed is
calibrated to read the input current.
Digital Ohmmeter
For resistance measurement the digital
multimeter operates by measuring the voltage
across the externally connected resistance
Digital Frequency Meter
Block Diagram of Frequency Meter
Digital Frequency Meter

A frequency counter is a digital instrument


that can measure and display the frequency of
any periodic waveform.
It operates on the principle of gating the
unknown input signal into the counter for a
predetermined time.
Working Principle
For example, if the unknown input signal were
gated into the counter for exactly 1 second, the
number of counts allowed into the counter
would be precisely the frequency of the input
signal.
The term gated comes from the fact that an
AND or an OR gate is employed for allowing the
unknown input signal into the counter to be
accumulated.
Working Principle

It consist of a counter with its associated


display/decoder circuitry, clock oscillator, a
divider and an AND gate.
The counter is usually made up of cascaded
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) counters and the
display/decoder unit converts the BCD outputs
into a decimal display for easy monitoring.
Working Principle

▪ A GATE ENABLE signal of known time period is


generated with a clock oscillator and a divider circuit
and is applied to one leg of an AND gate.
▪ The unknown signal is applied to the other leg of the
AND gate and acts as the clock for the counter.
▪ The counter advances one count for each transition of
the unknown signal, and at the end of the known time
interval, the contents of the counter will be equal to
the number of periods of the unknown input signal
that have occurred during time interval, t.
Waveforms in a Frequency Meter

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