2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies – iCoMET 2020

A Review on Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in

Microgrids
Yameena Tahir, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Ali Irfan A. Khan
Ahmed Marine Engineering Technology Department in a joint
Electrical Engineering Department appointment with Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology Taxila Department, Texas A&M University
Taxila, Pakistan Texas, USA
faisal.nadeem@uettaxila.edu.pk
Farhan qamar
Telecommunication Engineering Department
University of Engineering & Technology Taxila
Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract— Energy storages have numerous benefits, for power networks [7]. Among other ES technologies Compressed
instance, improvement of generation and demand balance, power Air Energy Storage (CAES) and Pumped Hydro Energy
quality and intermittency of renewable resources. Presently, Storage (PHES) supports ES applications at large-scale [8]. The
available energy storage systems (ESS) are inadequate to achieve growth of PHES is rather challenging as they are dependent on
the desired applications on their own. Hybrid energy storage
environmental and geographical factors [9]. Flywheel ESSs are
systems (HESSs) are featured by the combination of two or more
energy storage technologies to accomplish the desired results. This based on electromechanical technology [10-12] and their
paper gives an overview of HESSs applications in microgrids stability is influenced by mechanical parts. Supercapacitors
(MGs). Initially, benefits and applications of hybridization have (SCs) are an example of electrostatic storages, with high level
been discussed. Then, a brief comparison of capacity sizing for of recyclability and power density [13]. Among direct electrical
HESSs is presented. The reviewed methodologies have significant energy storage systems, Superconducting magnetic energy
implication in defining HESS capacity in MGs, while considering storages (SMES) are used for current adaptation and
several constraints such as storage life span, cost and efficiency. optimization purposes [14].
Keywords—hybrid energy storage; energy storage systems;
capacity sizing; hybridization; microgrid
The major characteristics of ES technologies are energy
density (ED) and Power density (PD). Table. 2 demonstrates the
I. INTRODUCTION effect of these characteristics on different ESSs [15]. It is evident
from the table that, existing ES technologies lags capacity to
Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are generally employed meet energy and power density simultaneously. Because of
to meat energy demand and reduce emission of greenhouse limitations associated with storage technologies, two or more ES
gases. The intermittent nature of RES has an adverse effect on technologies are combined to enhance the performance of ESS
power generation, and it is challenging for the power system are termed as Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) [16,17].
operators to ensure regular and uninterrupted power supply for Suitable ES technologies with efficient control schemes are
the consumers. Renewable energy-based power generation is mixed for optimum and secure MG operation. The modeling of
increasing rapidly, as it is evident from the fact that, for year HESS in MG is dependent on four interlinked factors: type of
2017, amount of energy generated by these resources was 6191 ES technology, topology of power converter, control strategy
TWh [1]. Microgrid (MG) as a combination of Distributed and energy management.
Generation (DG) units and loads is planned to seek full
The review of the literature reveals that several papers have
advantages renewable energy resources that may be operated in reviewed HESS. A bulk of literature related to HESS deals with
grid connected or islanded mode. Energy Storage Systems Electrical Vehicle (EV) applications [18-22] while some studies
(ESSs) are installed in MGs to support RES integration for dealt with HESS in MGs [23,24] and renewable energy [25-27].
power quality improvement, frequency regulation & other However, it is hard to find any study that focuses on capacity
auxiliary operations [2]. sizing techniques and applications of hybridization ESS. This
Several Energy Storage (ES) technologies are employed in paper mainly focuses on the concept of hybridization, its
ESS for electrical energy storage [3-5]. Fig. 2. shows the benefits, capacity sizing techniques, and future trends of HESS.
significant ES technologies usually considered for MG The rest of the paper is as follows: In section II, applications and
applications. The efficiency, energy conversion phenomenon benefits of hybridization is discussed while section III presents
and classification of different electrical ES technologies are capacity sizing methods and their table of comparison. Section
discussed in [6]. Batteries are considered as most economical, IV briefly concludes the suitable sizing methods while future
competent and adequate mean of balancing and maintaining recommendations are discussed in section V.

978-1-7281-4970-7/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Fig. 1. Classification of energy storages

TABLE I. ESS TECHNOLOGY FEATURES improvement. Frequency regulation is segregated in two parts:
one in off-grid systems [38,39] and the other in off-grid systems
Reference ESS technology Examples Challenges [40,41]. The large penetration of renewable energy-based DG
characteristics
units in power system has negative impact on system inertia, that
[28] Low power FCs and Power control can affect the system frequency which may lead to blackouts.
density& High batteries due to slow Improvement of DC bus voltage is one of the significant
energy density dynamic problems of MGs. In [42,43] battery/SC HESS is proposed for
response fast voltage restoration of dc bus optimal power sharing between
battery and SC in an isolated system. In few researches, grid-
[29] High power SCs & Lower the connected system, battery/SC are presented for regulation of dc
demand flywheels lifespan of ESS bus [44,45]. Furthermore, HESS has an ability to deal with
unbalanced and Nonlinear load situations. A combination of
battery/SC is reported in [46] for performance enhancement of
II. CONCEPT OF HYBRIDIZATION MG in case of unbalanced load. The outcome of the research
demonstrates that application of HESS results in accurate and
There are various technical issues associated with RESs and fast voltage regulation in case of unbalanced load.
MGs such as poor power quality, frequency and DC bus voltage
instability, unbalanced load, and short storage lifespan [30]. B. Microgrid Stability
These issues may be resolved by utilizing HESS. Recently, The stability of Microgrid is commonly categorized as rotor
various studies have discussed positive impacts of HESS on angle stability, frequency stability and voltage stability. ESSs
RESs and MGs [31-33]. In general, HESS comprises of High- have an ability to address transient stability problems in MG
Power Storage (HPS) that consumes or supply peak power and applications [47,50]. A SMES/battery-based HESS is proposed
High Energy Storage (HES) that fulfil the energy demand for in [49] for transient performance enhancement of PV DG based
long term [34,35]. HESSs have numerous advantages for smart MG in case of different faults. Results demonstrates that HESS
grids such as improvement of system efficiency, increase in ESS has better performance for timely handling of faults. Moreover,
lifetime and cost reduction [36]. Since, there are various ES HESSs have a capability of fast power injection for initial few
technologies with dissimilar properties, many ES combinations cycles of the fault. Therefore, it is evident that ES devices
are possible. Various combinations of ES technologies for enhances the stability margin of MG.
different applications are illustrated in Fig. 4 [18]. It is observed
that Hybrid energy storage technologies such as FC-Battery, C. RES intermittence improvement
Battery-Flywheel, Battery-SC and Battery-SMES HESS are HESS combination of battery-SC is used for the
frequently applied for RESs [3,8,10,37]. Selection of appropriate improvement in the solar and wind power fluctuations [51]. The
HESS combinations depends on the variety of items, including RES intermittency is a major problem in its applications, but
storages hybridization targets, storage costs, geo-location, and advanced forecasting techniques have presented a solution to
storage space availability. this problem [52]. SC-flywheel hybrid network is used for the
enhancement of the power fluctuations at wind farms [53]. A
A. Power Quality Enhancement model of non-linear convexity had been presented in previous
HESSs are employed to address several power qualities researches that integrates energy storage deprivation cost and
issues that includes frequency management, improvement in intermittent generation of RES [54].
system stability, harmonic compensation and dc bus voltage

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Fig. 2. Theoretically possible HESS combinations

III. CAPACITY SIZING OF HESS give a comparison among the performance features of various
HESS. The theory was proposed in [57,58] for the designing of
The most critical aspect associated with HESS applications is HES technology. Until now, sizing of HESS and its
evaluation of suitable storage capacity. Numerous methods optimization are the major considerations under this ragone
have been discussed for sizing of ESSs. In [55], authors have plot. In [59], HESS sizing has been studied taking in account
reviewed various methods for battery sizing and their the SoC and fuzzy-based control. A general mathematical
applications for RESs. ES capacity sizing methodologies ARE model has been introduced for the computation of ragone plot
classified into Analytical Methods (AM), Search-Based for random energy storage technologies. The ragone plot curve
Methods (SBM), Statistical Methods (SM), Ragone plot is given by the following equation:
method (RPM), and Pinch analysis method (PAM).
A. Capacity Sizing Methodologies E(P) = Pt∞(P) (2)
Analytical method is the most frequently used technique for In the event of an ESS comprising only kinetic energy, the
HESS capacity sizing. The basic operating principle of HESS power can be demonstrated by a force equal to -P/Q°. The
specifically dependent on the following equation: equation for kinetic energy for t(=t∞(P)) for the ragone plot
PHESS = PDG - PLoad (1) method is given in (3):

It shows that the working of HESS basically relies upon the

PL  Rl 2 
output power of DGs and load utilization. In (1), Ei ( P ) = t ∞ P = ln  1 +   (3)
PHESS Net power of hybrid storages 2R  p 
In the broad case of hybrid energy storage devices, the load is a
PDG Output power of DGs
more complex, comprising of reactive components, to keep the
active power constant.
PLoad Load power

Further,
PHESS > 0 Charging

PHESS < 0 Discharging

HESS delivers power to the load through the process of

discharging when PLoad > PDG and HESS get charged when PDG
> PLoad.In few cases, statistical method has more adaptability
than analytical method to find out the HESS capacity in few
areas. One of the above-mentioned topologies is given in [56].
Nevertheless, a controller has been suggested to control the
power output of each HESS. Search-based methodology are
further categorized into heuristic method (HM) & mathematical
optimization method (MOM). They are basically used due to
the non-linearity functions in the sizing issues. Pinch analysis
technique deals with the regulation of minimum energy units in
a heat exchanger system. Ragone theory method is utilized to Fig. 3. Simplified circuit associated with ragone plot method

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 TABLE II. HESS SIZING METHODOLOGIES
Sizing References Microgrid configuration Objective Factors
technique Function
Type Mode Energy Operation Initial Lifespan Replacement Others
Sources Cost
AM [61] AC Grid- Hydro and Smoothening The capacity of storage is determined under the power curve.
connected thermal of wind
plant power
WT
AM [62] AC Islanded Diesel Maximum The HESS capacity is proposed by examining the variations in the supply
FC lifespan & demand
PV
WT
AM [63] AC Grid- PV Minimum ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ Price of Market
connected cost
SBM [64] AC/DC Islanded Diesel Minimum ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ Restoration
cost of
PV whole ship
SM [65] AC Islanded PV Maximum The HESS capacity is found through maximum storage & delivering of
economic power.
WT benefits
SM [66] AC Islanded PV Extension in The HESS capacity is determined using net profile of power.
lifespan of
MT battery
FC
WT
SBM [67] -- Islanded -- Minimum ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
operating
cost
SBM [68] -- -- -- Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
installation
cost
SBM [69] Hybrid -- -- Maximum ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
EV battery
lifespan
AM [70] Pulse -- -- Minimum ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
load Investment
cost
PAM [71] AC/DC Islanded -- Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
annual cost
RPM [72] AC Grid- WT Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
connected cycle cost
AM [73] AC Grid- PV Minimum The net profile of power is used to determine only the SC capacity
connected total cost
AM [74] AC Grid- WT Minimum ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ Frequency
connected system cost fluctuation
SBM [75] AC Grid- PV Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ Dependability
connected operating &
WT installation
cost
SBM [76] AC Grid- PV Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Greenhouse gas
connected overall cost discharge
WT

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 AM [77] DC Grid- PV Maximum The HESS capacity is determined through optimal efficiency units.
connected efficiency
SBM [78] DC Islanded PV Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ Consumption of
annual cost fuel
WT
Diesel
AM [79] DC Grid- PV Minimum ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
connected cost
Diesel
AM [80] DC Grid- PV Minimum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
connected net cost

B. Contrasting various sizing techniques HESS sizing methods are discussed as they are rarely
Studies on different capacity sizing techniques have been discussed in the previous researches. A comprehensive
discussed in the Table II. The main objective functions for comparison among various capacity sizing techniques is
various HESS sizing methods include lifespan, life-cycle cost, done showing their benefits, applications & limitations. One
installation cost, economic benefits and efficiency. The storage of the major constraints in determining the HESS sizing is
lifespan is an essential factor in defining the electrochemical the lifespan of ESS technologies. A proper analysis has to
and chemical properties of ESSs. For determining HESS be done in case of each capacity sizing method to
capacity in MGs, the reviewed technologies will be of great demonstrate the better technique. However, SBM is mostly
implications considering various factors such as storage life used as this method takes account of the non-linear objective
span, initial cost, life cycle cost and efficiency is simultaneously functions.
resolved by different HESS sizing methods.
V. FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
The pros and cons of different sizing techniques are
analyzed in Table III. The utilization of different HESS capacity Defining the HESS capacity in MG, several factors such that
sizing methods relies upon the loading parameters and various the depth of charge (DoD), state of charge (SoC),
dynamic features of HESS. Relying on the significance of above greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption can be
factors, the proper technique is used. instantaneously resolved by multi-objective procedures.
The above discussed objective functions are recommended
TABLE III. PROS & CONS OF DIFFERENT SIZING METHODS for the forthcoming researches.
Sizing Advantages Disadvantages
Practically, a MG provides different kinds of loads
technique consisting unbalanced, non-linear and loads etc. With these
AM Simple and straight-forward More computational loads, there will be no appropriate dynamic response to the
capacity loads thereby reducing the lifespan of the storage
SM Synthetic statistics can be Least sensitive to technologies. The applications of HESS in such conditions
provoked variations
SBM MOM Availability of softwares Difficult to converge to enhance the lifespan by providing suitable dynamic
Minimum number of steps for non-linear response can be studied in future trends.
HM Legitimate computation programs
capacity and time Avoid arduous REFERENCES
derivations
[1] International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA “Renewable energy
RAM Flexible, less burden tools for Few parameters are not highlights”, available online at https://www.irena.org/-
computation optimized such as WT, /media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Jul/IRENA_Renewable_
PV slope angle & area energy_highlights_July_2019.pdf?la=en&hash=3E4B4B3C37F33D00A
RPM Defined for all ESS Dynamic analysis of DE0C456C4159DB5C6696E18, July 2019.
Prediction of cost HESS cannot be [2] L.W. Chong, Y.W. Wong, R.K. Rajkumar, R.K. Rajkumar, D. Isa,
represented “Hybrid energy storage systems and control strategies for stand-alone
renewable energy power systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy
IV. CONCLUSION Reviews, vol. 66, pp. 174–189, 2016.
[3] T.M.I. Mahlia, T.J. Saktisahdan, A. Jannifar, M.H. Hasan, H.S.C.
This paper introduces the latest researches of HESS Matseelar, “A review of available methods and development on energy
application in MGs and renewable systems. A brief storage technology update,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
discussion about the concept of hybridization is introduced vol. 33, pp. 532–545, 2014.
[4] H. Zhang, J. Baeyens, G. Cáceres, J. Degrève, Y. Lv, “Thermal energy
and comparison among various HESS storage sizing storage: recent developments and practical aspects,” Prog. Energy
methodologies have been presented. The significant benefits Combust. Sci., vol. 53, pp. 1–40, 2016.
of hybridization involve power quality improvement, [5] E. Chemali, M. Preindl, P. Malysz, A. Emadi, “Electrochemical and
storage lifespan enhancement, stability of MG and electrostatic energy storage and management systems for electric drive
vehicles: state-of-the Art review and future trends,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel.
balancing of unbalanced loads etc. Battery/SC combination Top. Power Electron., vol. 4, pp. 1117–1134, 2016.
is the most used HESS technology. FC/SC, battery/flywheel [6] A. Cansiz, “4.14 electromechanical energy conversion”, Compr. Energy
and battery/SMES are not that much common. Various Syst., pp. 598–635, 2018.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 [7] G.J. May, A. Davidson, B. Monahov, “Lead batteries for utility energy [31] R.K. Sharma, S. Mishra, “Dynamic power management and control of
storage: a review,” Journal Energy Storage, vol. 15, pp. 145–157, 2018. PV PEM fuel cell based standalone AC/DC microgrid using hybrid energy
[8] G. Venkataramani, P. Parankusam, V. Ramalingam, J. Wang, “A review storage,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2017
on compressed air energy storage – A pathway for smart grid and [32] T. Alnejaili, S. Drid, D. Mehdi, L. Chrifi-Alaoui, R. Belarbi, A.
polygeneration,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 62, pp. Hamdouni, “Dynamic control and advanced load management of a stand-
895–907, 2016. alone hybri d renewable power system for remote housing,” Energy
[9] S. Rehman, L.M. Al-Hadhrami, M.M. Alam, “Pumped hydro energy Convers. Manage.,vol. 105, pp. 377–392, 2015.
storage system: a technological review,” Renewable and Sustainable
[33] G. Wang, M. Ciobotaru, V.G. Agelidis, “Power smoothing of large solar
Energy Reviews, vol. 44, pp. 586–598, 2015.
PV plant using hybrid energy storage,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol.
[10] G.S.M. Mousavi, F. Faraji, A. Majazi, K. Al-Haddad, “A comprehensive
5, pp. 834–842, 2014.
review of Flywheel Energy Storage System technology,” Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 67, pp. 477–490, 2017. [34] Y.Y. Chia, L.H. Lee, N. Shafiabady, D. Isa, “A load predictive energy
[11] A.A.K. Arani, H. Karami, G.B. Gharehpetian, M.S.A. Hejazi, “Review of management system for supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage s
flywheel energy storage systems structures and applications in power ystem in solar application using the Support Vector Machine,” Appl.
systems and microgrids,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Energy, vol. 137, pp. 588–602, 2015.
vol. 69, pp. 9–18, 2017. [35] J. Li, Y. Liu, S. Wang, J. Shi, L. Ren, K. Gong, et al., “Design and
[12] M. Ghanaatian, S. Lotfifard, “Control of flywheel energy storage systems advanced control strategies of a hybrid energy storage system for the grid
in presence of uncertainties,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2018. integration of wind power generations,” IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 9
[13] L. Zhang, X. Hu, Z. Wang, F. Sun, D.G. Dorrell, A review of ,pp. 89–98, 2015.
supercapacitor modeling, estimation, and applications: a [36] A.J. Pimm, S.D. Garvey, “The economics of hybrid energy storage plant,”
control/management perspective, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Int. J. Environ. Stud., pp. 1–9, 2014.
Reviews, vol. 81, pp. 1868–1878, 2018.
[14] A. Colmenar-Santos, E.-L. Molina-Ibáñez, E. Rosales-Asensio, J.-J. [37] W. Jing, C. Hung Lai, S.H.W. Wong, M.L.D. Wong, “Battery-
Blanes-Peiró, “Legislative and economic aspects for the inclusion of supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone DC m
energy reserve by a superconducting magnetic energy storage: application icrogrids: a review,” IET Renew Power Gener., vol. 11, pp. 461–469,
to the case of the Spanish electrical system,” Renewable and Sustainable 2017.
Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2455–2470, 2018. [38] J. Li, R. Xiong, Q. Yang, F. Liang, M. Zhang, W. Yuan, “Design/test of
[15] A. Etxeberria, I. Vechiu, H. Camblong, J.M. Vinassa, H. Camblong, a hybrid energy storage system for primary frequency control using a
“Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy sources integration dynamic droop method in an isolated microgrid power system,” Appl.
in microgrids: a review,” 2010 Conf. Proc. IPEC, IEEE, pp. 532–537, Energy, vol. 201, pp. 257–269, 2017.
2010. [39] P.S. Indu, M.V. Jayan, “Frequency regulation of an isolated hybrid power
[16] R. Hemmati, H. Saboori, “Emergence of hybrid energy storage systems in system with superconducting magnetic energy storage,” 2015 Int. Conf.
renewable energy and transport applications – a review,” Renewable and Power, Instrumentation, Control Comput., IEEE , pp. 1–6, 2015.
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 65, pp. 11–23, 2016.
[40] S. TAMURA, “Economic analysis of hybrid battery energy storage
[17] T. Zimmermann, P. Keil, M. Hofmann, M.F. Horsche, S. Pichlmaier, A.
systems applied to frequency control in power system”, Electr. Eng.
Jossen, “Review of system topologies for hybrid electrical energy storage
Japan , vol. 195 ,pp. 24–31, 2016.
systems,” Journal Energy Storage, vol. 9, pp. 78–90, 2016.
[18] E. Chemali, M. Preindl, P. Malysz, A. Emadi, “Electrochemical and [41] Feng Guo, R. Sharma, “Hybrid energy storage systems integrating battery
electrostatic energy storage and management systems for electric drive and ultracapacitor for the PJM frequency regulation market,” IEEE
vehicles: state-of-theArt review and future trends,” IEEE Journal Emerg. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet., IEEE, pp. 1–4, 2016.
Sel. Top. Power Electron.,vol. 4 , pp. 1117–1134, 2016. [42] U. Manandhar, N.R. Tummuru, S. Kumar, A. Ukil, G.H. Beng, K.
[19] T. Zimmermann, P. Keil, M. Hofmann, M.F. Horsche, S. Pichlmaier, A. Chaudhari, “Validation of faster joint control strategy for battery and
Jossen, “Review of system topologies for hybrid electrical energy storage supercapacitor based energy storage system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
systems,” Journal Energy Storage ,vol. 8 , pp. 78–90, 2016. 2017.
[20] L. Kouchachvili, W. Yaïci, E. Entchev, “Hybrid battery/supercapacitor [43] S.K. Kollimalla, M.K. Mishra, N.L. Narasamma, “Design and analysis of
energy storage system for the electric vehicles,” Journal Power Sources novel control strategy for battery and supercapacitor storage system”,
,vol. 374 , pp. 237–248, 2018. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 5, pp. 1137–1144, 2014.
[21] M.A. Hannan, M.M. Hoque, A. Mohamed, A. Ayob, “Review of energy
storage systems for electric vehicle applications: issues and challenges [44] N.R. Tummuru, M.K. Mishra, S. Srinivas, “Dynamic energy management
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 69 , pp. 771–789, 2017. of renewable grid integrated hybrid energy storage system,” IEEE Trans.
[22] R. Hemmati, H. Saboori, “Emergence of hybrid energy storage systems in Ind. Electron , vol. 62 ,pp. 7728–7737, 2015.
renewable energy and transport applications – a review,” Renewable and [45] U. Manandhar, A. Ukil, G.H. Beng, N.R. Tummuru, S.K. Kollimalla, B.
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 65, pp. 11–23, 2016. Wang, et al., “Energy management and control for grid con nected hybrid
[23] A. Etxeberria, I. Vechiu, H. Camblong, J.M. Vinassa, H. Camblong, energy storage system under different operating modes,” IEEE Trans.
“Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy sources integration Smart Grid, 2017.
in microgrids: a review,” 2010 Conf. Proc. IPEC, IEEE, pp. 532–537, [46] S. Hajiaghasi, A. Salemnia, M. Hamzeh, “Hybrid energy storage for
2010. microgrid performance improvement under unbalanced load conditions,”
[24] W. Jing, C. Hung Lai, S.H.W. Wong, M.L.D. Wong, “Battery- Iran Energy Assoc. , vol. 2, pp. 32–38, 2018.
supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone DC [47] A. Cansiz, C. Faydaci, M.T. Qureshi, O. Usta, D.T. McGuiness,
microgrids: a review,” IET Renew. Power Gener. ,vol. 11, pp. 461–469, “Integration of a SMES–battery-based hybrid energy storage system into
2017. microgrids,” J. Supercond. Nov. Magn., pp. 1–9, 2017.
[25] L.W. Chong, Y.W. Wong, R.K. Rajkumar, R.K. Rajkumar, D. Isa,
“Hybrid energy storage systems and control strategies for stand-alone [48] L. Yang, N. Tai, C. Fan, “Regulation and stabilization by ice storage air-
renewable energy power systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy conditioning”, Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 21, pp. 543–570, 2019.
Reviews, vol. 66 , pp. 174–189, 2016. [49] L. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Li, G. Li, J. Yang, X. Liu, et al., “SMES-battery
[26] T. Bocklisch, “Hybrid energy storage approach for renewable energy energy storage system for the stabilization of a photovoltaic-based
applications,” Journal. Energy Storage ,vol. 8, pp. 311–319, 2016. microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 28, pp. 1–7, 2018.
[27] S. Ahmad Hamidi, D.M. Ionel, A. Nasiri, [50] H. Alafnan, M. Zhang, W. Yuan, J. Zhu, J. Li, M. Elshiekh, et al.,
“Modeling and management of batteries and ultracapacitors for renewable “Stability improvement of DC power systems in an all-electric ship using
energy support in electric power systems–an overview,” Electr. Power hybrid SMES/Battery,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, vol. 28, pp.1–6,
Components Syst. ,vol. 43 , pp. 1434–1452, 2015. 2018.
[28] Salman Hajiaghasia, Ahmad Salemniaa, Mohsen Hamzeh, “Hybrid [51] N. Mendis, K.M. Muttaqi, S. Perera, “Management of low- and high-
energy storage system for microgrids applications: A review,” Journal of frequency power components in demand-generation fluctuations of a
Energy Storage, vol. 21, pp. 543-570, 2019. DFIG-Based winddominated RAPS system using hybrid energy storage,”
[29] A. Etxeberria, I. Vechiu, H. Camblong, J.M. Vinassa, H. Camblong, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 50 , pp. 2258–2268, 2014.
“Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy sources integration [52] Manzoor Ellahi, Ghulam Abbas, Irfan Khan, Paul Mario Koola, Mashood
in microgrids: a review,” 2010 Conf. Proc. IPEC, IEEE, pp. 532–537, Nasir, Ali Raza, Umar Farooq, “Recent Approaches of Forecasting and
2010. Optimal Economic Dispatch to Overcome Intermittency of Wind and
[30] V.A. Boicea, “Energy storage technologies: the past and the present,” Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: A Review,” Energies,12,vol. 4329, pp.1-30,
Proc. IEEE, vol. 102, pp. 1777–1794, 2014. 2019.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 [53] Hansang Lee, ByoungYoon Shin, Sangchul Han, Seyong Jung, Byungjun microgrid,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. , vol. 54 , pp. 516–524,
Park, Gilsoo Jang, “Compensation for the power fluctuation of the large 2014.
scale wind farm using hybrid energy storage applications,” IEEE Trans. [67] Y. Ghiassi-Farrokhfal, C. Rosenberg, S. Keshav, M.-B. Adjaho, “Joint
Appl. Supercond. , vol. 22, 2012. optimal design and operation of hybrid energy storage systems,” IEEE J.
[54] Vikram Bhattacharjee, Irfan Khan, “A non-linear convex cost model for Sel. Areas Commun. vol. 34, pp. 639–650, 2016.
economic dispatch in microgrids,” Applied Energy 222,pp.637-648, 2018. [68] T. Zhou, W. Sun, “Optimization of battery–Supercapacitor hybrid energy
storage station in Wind/Solar generation system,” IEEE Trans. Sustain.
[55] Y. Yang, S. Bremner, C. Menictas, M. Kay, “Battery energy storage
Energy, vol. 5, pp. 408–415, 2014.
system size determination in renewable energy systems: a review,”
[69] M. Masih-Tehrani, M.-R. Ha’iri-Yazdi, V. Esfahanian, A. Safaei,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 91, pp.109–125, 2018.
“Optimum sizing and optimum energy management of a hybrid energy
[56] A. Abbassi, M.A. Dami, M. Jemli, “A statistical approach for hybrid storage system for lithium battery life improvement,” Journal. Power
energy storage system sizing based on capacity distributions in an Sources, vol. 244 ,pp. 2–10, 2013.
autonomous PV/Wind power generation system,” Renewable and [70] S. Günther, A. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach, “Theoretical
Sustainable Energy Reviews , vol. 103, pp. 81–93, 2017. dimensioning and sizing limits of hybrid energy storage systems,” Appl.
[57] Y. Zhang, X. Tang, Z. Qi, Z. Liu, “The Ragone plots guided sizing of Energy, vol. 210 ,pp. 127–137, 2018.
hybrid storage system for taming the wind power,” Int. J. Electr. Power [71] A.S. Jacob, R. Banerjee, P.C. Ghosh, “Sizing of hybrid energy storage
Energy Syst. vol. 65,pp.246–253, 2015. system for a PV based microgrid through design space approach,” Appl.
[58] M.A. Tankari, M.B. Camara, B. Dakyo, G. Lefebvre, “Use of Energy , vol. 212, pp. 640–653, 2018.
ultracapacitors and batteries for efficient energy management in wind– [72] Y. Zhang, X. Tang, Z. Qi, Z. Liu, “The Ragone plots guided sizing of
diesel hybrid system,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 4,pp. 414–424, hybrid storage system for taming the wind power,” Int. J. Electr. Power
2013. Energy Syst., vol. 65 ,pp. 246–253, 2015.
[73] D.B.W. Abeywardana, B. Hredzak, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades,
[59] J. Cao, W. Du, H. Wang, M. McCulloch, “Optimal sizing and control “Supercapacitor sizing method for energy-controlled filter-based hybrid
strategies for hybrid storage system as limited by grid frequency energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 32 ,pp. 1626–
deviations,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2018. 1637, 2017.
[60] Thomas Christen, Martin W. Carlen,” Theory of Ragone plots,” Journal [74] J. Cao, W. Du, H. Wang, M. McCulloch, “Optimal sizing and control
of Power Sources, vol. 91,pp. 210–216, 2000. strategies for hybrid storage system as limited by grid frequency
[61] P. Zhao, J. Wang, Y. Dai, “Capacity allocation of a hybrid energy storage deviations,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. ,2018.
system for power system peak shaving at high wind power penetration [75] X. Feng, J. Gu, X. Guan, “Optimal allocation of hybrid energy storage for
level,” Renew. Energy, vol. 75, pp. 541–549, 2015. microgrids based on multi-attribute utility theory,” J. Mod. Power Syst.
[62] I. San Martín, A. Ursúa, P. Sanchis, “Integration of fuel cells and Clean Energy, vol. 6, pp. 107–117, 2018.
supercapacitors in electrical microgrids: Analysis, modelling and [76] U. Akram, M. Khalid, S. Shafiq, “An Innovative Hybrid Wind-Solar and
experimental validation,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, pp. 11655– BatterySupercapacitor Microgrid System—Development and
11671, 2013. Optimization,” IEEE Access, vol. 5 ,pp. 25897–25912, 2017.
[63] G. Wang, M. Ciobotaru, V.G. Agelidis, “Optimal capacity design for [77] S. Bae, S.U. Jeon, J.-W. Park, “A study on optimal sizing and control for
hybrid energy storage system supporting dispatch of large-scale hybrid energy storage system with SMES and battery,” IFAC-Papers
photovoltaic power plant”, Journal Energy Storage, vol. 3, pp. 25–35, OnLine ,vol. 48 ,pp. 507–511, 2015.
2015. [78] A. Maleki, F. Pourfayaz, “Sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/diesel
[64] S. Wen, H. Lan, D.C. Yu, Q. Fu, Y.-Y. Hong, L. Yu, et al., “Optimal sizing system with battery and fuel cell storage devices by harmony search
of hybrid energy storage sub-systems in PV/diesel ship power system algorithm,” Journal Energy Storage , vol. 2,pp. 30–42, 2015.
using frequency analysis,” Energy, vol.140, pp. 198–208, 2017. [79] M. Minutillo, A. Lubrano Lavadera, E. Jannelli, “Assessment of design
[65] A. Abbassi, M.A. Dami, M. Jemli, “A statistical approach for hybrid and operating parameters for a small compressed air energy storage
energy storage system sizing based on capacity distributions in an system integrated with a stand-alone renewable power plant,” J. Energy
autonomous PV/Wind power generation system,” Renew. Energy 103, pp. Storage, vol. 4 ,pp. 135–144, 2015.
81–93, 2017. [80] F. Homayouni, R. Roshandel, A.A. Hamidi, “Sizing and performance
[66] H. Jia, Y. Mu, Y. Qi, “A statistical model to determine the capacity of analysis of standalone hybrid photovoltaic/battery/hydrogen storage
battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in autonomous technology power generation systems based on the energy hub concept”,
Int. J. Green Energy, vol. 14,pp. 121–134, 2017.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Kwame Nkrumah Univ of Science and Technology. Downloaded on February 21,2023 at 17:34:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.