1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Technologies

(SMMET 2022) June 24-25, 2022

Design and Analysis of Substrate Integrated Waveguide

Vivek Arya*, Tanuj Garg**

*(Department of ECE, FET, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, India
Email: icvhvivekmalik@gmail.com)
** (Department of ECE, FET, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, India
Email: tanujkgarg@rediffmail.com)

ABSTRACT
At microwave and higher frequencies, the need for highly efficient, low cost, high gain, easy to construct, and
compact antennas for communication applications has increased. Although, Substrate Integrated Waveguides
(SIW) technology is the emerging technology for radar and satellite applications. SIWs are widely employed as
interconnection in antennas particularly leaky wave antennas, high speed circuits, directional couplers, and
filters because they are having low loss properties of their typical metallic waveguides. A SIW with cylindrical
slots is suggested in this work, as well as its integration with a tapered microstrip transmission line.
Keywords - Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), cylindrical slots, waveguide, vias.

I. INTRODUCTION waveguide structure, and surface current propagates

across a broad cross-sectional area of the walls of
Microwave communication system development has
waveguide, that resulting in minimal conducting and
been accelerating in recent years. With the growing
insertion losses [8]. The SIW is also thought to be a
need for hand-held communication devices and the
promising contender for millimetre wave device
advancement of internet technology, new
development [9]. Tightly packed microstrip and strip
communication systems with high sensitivity and
line interconnects and systems will become obsolete
selectivity, small size, light weight, and low
as the circuit density and frequency of operation
insertion loss are becoming more important [1-3].
continue to rise [10].
The wavelength is very small at high frequencies
due to which microstrip devices are not efficiently In this paper, a SIW with circular vias was
work in high frequency applications. To address developed and analytically evaluated to study its
such issues waveguide devices are favoured at high various output quality factors. After theoretical
frequencies, as a result, a new idea called substrate study, various calculations of SIW are done with the
integrated waveguide (SIW) evolved. Although, help of Matlab software and the design is simulated
manufacturing of SIW is a challenging and tedious by using ANSYS HFSS software.
task. SIW is a variant of waveguide that bridges the
gap between dielectric-filled waveguides (DFW) and II. SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE
microstrip. Waveguides have outstanding
SIW's fundamental construction is a DFW that is
performance, but because to their huge volume and
converted into a substrate integrated waveguide
bulkiness, they are costly and difficult to synthesise.
(SIW) using vias on the waveguide's side walls. As a
Furthermore, integrating them with other planar
result, SIW structure may be thought of as a type of
circuits is difficult [4]. The SIW has been suggested
DFW, and DFW can be used as a starting point. Fig.
as a novel planar structure that is compatible with
1 shows a schematic for a rectangular waveguide.
existing planar structures. Several researchers have
The size b is unimportant in TE10 mode since it has
recently investigated and built SIW systems for a
no effect on the waveguide's cut-off frequency [9].
variety of applications, including radiated
As a result, depending on the substrate thickness,
RF/microwave components, leaky-wave antennas,
dielectric losses will be affected. The lesser the
duplexers, filters, transmission lines, oscillators, and
dielectric losses, the greater the thickness. The cutoff
couplers. These technologies resulted in the
frequency of arbitrary mode for a rectangular
development of new and innovative small-scale
waveguide may be calculated by using the formula
waveguides [5-7]. The distribution of electric field
below.
inside the waveguide fills the volume inside the

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 1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Technologies
(SMMET 2022) June 24-25, 2022

c  m   n 
2 2
Where  R is a dielectric constant and after finding
fc      (1)
2  a   b  the dimension ad for DFW, the set of design
equations for SIW can be computed as follows
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, m and n
are the mode numbers, and a and b are the
d2
waveguide dimensions. as  ad  (4)
0.95 p

where, d is the via’s diameter and p denote the

pitch (distance or space between the vias).

For the designing of SIW, there are two essential

conditions which are given below

g
d (5)
5

(a) and, p  2d (6)

where g is a guided wavelength and that can be

expressed as

2
g 
2
 R (2 f )2   
 
c2 a

where f denotes the resonance frequency, c

denotes the speed of an electromagnetic wave in free
(b)
space, and a denotes the width of waveguide. The
Figure 1: (a) 3D schematic of a rectangular SIW's fundamental mode is TE10 mode, and its
waveguide; (b) top view of a 2D analogous figure. dispersion properties are identical to those of a
corresponding rectangular waveguide of equivalent
The following calculation may be simplified for width [12].
TE10 mode as follows:
Let us suppose that W is the width between the
c SIW's two rows of metallic cylinders, d is the
fc  (2)
2a diameter of the metalized via hole, and p is the
distance between neighbouring via holes. The SIW's
For DFW structure with the same cut off frequency, comparable width is written as follows:
the dimension ad can be find as
d2 d2
Weff  W  1.08  0.1 (7)
a p W
ad  (3)
R
As a result, the SIW propagation constant may be
expressed as

Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad Page 836

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 1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Technologies
(SMMET 2022) June 24-25, 2022

 . The advantages of SIW structures over typical

  
 (W )   2    metallic waveguides include their high Q-factor and
 Weff  (8) high power-handling capabilities, as well as self-
  consistent electrical shielding [13].

The propagation constant  is defined entirely

by the width W of SIW for given d , p,  ,  and

Figure 2: The proposed structure of SIW

Figure 3: Plot between S-parameters and frequency

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 1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Technologies
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V. CONCLUSION
III. PROPOSED DESIGN A conclusion The influence of cylindrical vias
The proposed structure of SIW is shown in Fig. on electromagnetic wave propagation in SIW is
2. The whole microwave system was integrated on a investigated in this paper through design and
single substrate with no mechanical characteristics. analysis. For frequencies spanning from 10.44 GHz
A transmission line with a characteristic impedance to 20.24 GHz, and quality parameter like return
of 50Ω is linked to an integrated waveguide and losses were computed. It can be stated that the SIW
performs well for beam scanning in the frequency
tapered segment is utilized to convert the quasi-TEM
range of 10.44 GHz to 20.24 GHz.
mode of the microstrip line into the TE10 mode. The
suggested design's model has been optimized for the
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 1st International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Manufacturing & Energy Technologies
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Substrate Integrated Waveguide using Two Parallel

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