LIQUID INDUSTRIAL WASTE ARCHIVED

C o n t e n t s G14 / V M1 & A S1

New Zealand Building Code

Handbook
Third Edition
Prepared by the Department of Building and Housing

This Compliance Document is prepared by the Department of Building

and Housing. The Department of Building and Housing is a Government
Department established under the State Sector Act 1988.

Enquiries about the content of this document should be directed to:

Department of Building and Housing

PO Box 10-729, Wellington.
Telephone 0800 242 243
Fax 04 494 0290
Email: info@dbh.govt.nz

Sales enquiries should be directed to:

Customer Services,
Victoria University Book Centre
PO Box 12-337, Wellington, New Zealand
Telephone 0800 370 370, (04) 463 5511
Fax (04) 463 5510
Email: dbh@vicbooks.co.nz
www.vicbooks.co.nz

ISBN 0-477-01606-5

© Department of Building and Housing 2007

This Compliance Document is protected by Crown copyright, unless indicated otherwise.

The Department of Building and Housing administers the copyright in this document.
You may use and reproduce this document for your personal use or for the purposes
of your business provided you reproduce the document accurately and not in an
inappropriate or misleading context. You may not distribute this document to others
or reproduce it for sale or profit.

The Department of Building and Housing owns or has licences to use all images and
trademarks in this document. You must not use or reproduce images and trademarks
featured in this document for any purpose (except as part of an accurate reproduction
of this document) unless you first obtain the written permission of the Department
of Building and Housing.
 ARCHIVED
Handbook: Document History

Date Alterations

First published July 1992

Third edition 25 May 2007

Note: Page numbers relate to the document at the time of Amendment and may not match page numbers in current document.

Document Status
The most recent version of this document, as detailed in the Document History, is approved by the Chief Executive
of the Department of Building and Housing. It is effective from 25 May 2007 and supersedes all previous versions
of this document.
People using this document should check for amendments on a regular basis. The Department of Building
and Housing may amend any part of any document at any time. Up-to-date versions of documents are available
from www.dbh.govt.nz
Preface ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Preface
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 BUILDING CONTROL fRAMEWORK

1.1 This preface provides an introduction The regulation and performance of buildings
to building controls in New Zealand. This sits under the following three-part framework.
section shows the relationship between the • The Building Act, which contains the
New Zealand Building Code (the Building Code) provisions for regulating building work.
and various other Provisions that ensure buildings
• The various Building Regulations, which
in New Zealand are safe and healthy to use.
contain prescribed forms, list specified
1.2 The preface provides a convenient user systems, define ‘change the use’ and
reference. However, legal interpretation must ‘moderate earthquake’, and set out the
be based on the actual wording of the Building rate of levy and fees for determinations.
Act 2004 (the Building Act), and amendments
• The Building Code, contained in Schedule 1
and respective Building Regulations.
of the Building Regulations 1992, which sets
performance standards all new building work
must meet, and covers aspects such as
stability, fire safety, access, moisture, safety
of users, services and facilities, and energy
efficiency.
The pyramid below illustrates the legislation
that forms the building control framework
governed by the Building Act.

Building Act 2004

Building Regulations

The New Zealand Building Code

Objective Functional requirement Performance

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 NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK ARCHIVED Preface

2.1 The Building Act 2004 • to ensure buildings are designed,

constructed and able to be used in ways
The Building Act provides the mandatory
that promote sustainable development.
framework for the building control system
to be followed when undertaking building 2.1.2 Principles
work in New Zealand. It applies to all:
The Building Act does not contain an equivalent
• buildings including Crown buildings, except to section 47 of the Building Act 1991 (the
those which may be exempt for reasons of former Act), which contained guidance on how
national security a territorial authority should exercise its powers.
• components in a building, including Under section 4 of the Building Act (section 6
plumbing, electrical and mechanical under the former Act), principles to be applied
installations. in performing functions or duties, or exercising
The Building Act should be read taking into powers under the Building Act, now have
account the changes under the Building greater importance. Section 4 should be taken
Amendment Act 2005 and any subsequent into account when performing functions, duties
amendments (copies are on www.legislation. or exercising powers relating to the granting
govt.nz). of waivers or modifications of the Building
Code, and the adoption and review of policies
2.1.1 Purpose on dangerous, earthquake-prone or insanitary
The Building Act aims to improve control of and buildings.
encourage better practices in building design The Building Act re-states many of the
and construction to provide greater assurance principles outlined in the former Act, and makes
to consumers. explicit some of the implied principles of that
This means: legislation (for example, that innovation is
important). However, some significant new
• more clarity on the standards we expect
concepts have been introduced, including a
buildings to meet
particular focus on the household unit, as well
• more guidance on how these standards as considering the whole-of-life costs of
can be met building work.
• more certainty that capable people are The following is a summary of the Building
undertaking building design, construction Act principles.
and inspection
• Household units have an important role
• more scrutiny in the building consent and in the lives of the people who use them,
inspection process and are accorded a special focus.
• better protection for homeowners through • The Building Code as it relates to household
the introduction of mandatory warranties. units is important, and household units need
The purpose of the Building Act is: to comply with the Building Code.
• to provide for regulation of building work • Maintenance requirements of household
• to ensure that people can use buildings units need to be reasonable, and owners
safely without endangering their health of household units need to be aware of the
maintenance requirements of their
• to ensure people can escape a building
household units.
in case of fire
• Harmful effects on human health resulting
• to ensure buildings have attributes that
from the use of building methods, products,
contribute appropriately to the health,
design or building work need to be prevented
physical independence and wellbeing
or minimised.
of the people who use them

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Preface ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

• Buildings need to be durable. 2.1.3 Application

• Special traditional and cultural aspects The Building Act applies to:
of the intended use of a building need • building construction, alteration, demolition
to be recognised. or removal
• The whole-of-life costs of a building need • maintenance of a building’s specified
to be considered. systems, such as lifts and fire protection
• Standards are important in achieving installations.
compliance with the Building Code for The Building Act does not cover:
building design and construction.
• planning and resource management
• Innovation in methods of building design
• occupational safety and health.
and construction is important.
• People who undertake a rescue operation 2.1.4 Structure
or firefighting in a building need to be able The Building Act has five parts.
to expect a reasonable level of protection
Part 1: Contains the purpose and principles
from injury or illness while doing so.
of the Building Act, together with an overview,
• The extent and effects of the spread commencement dates for various Provisions
of fire need to be limited to protect other and definitions. These sections provide an
household units and other property. important reference when reading and
• Other property needs to be protected interpreting the Building Act.
from physical damage resulting from Part 2 (and Schedules 1 and 2): Outlines
the construction, use and demolition matters relating to the Building Code and
of a building. building control (such as building consents),
• People with disabilities need to be able including requirements of building work,
to enter and carry out normal activities requirements for the use of buildings,
and processes in a building. Provisions for certain categories of buildings
and Provisions for the safety of dams.
• Buildings of significant cultural, historical
or heritage value need to be preserved. Part 3: Sets out the functions, duties
and powers of the Chief Executive of the
• Energy use in buildings needs to be efficient.
Department of Building and Housing
• The use of renewable sources of energy (the Department), territorial authorities,
needs to be encouraged. regional authorities and building consent
• Material use in buildings needs to be efficient authorities. It also deals with the accreditation
and sustainable. and registration of building consent authorities,
• Water use in buildings needs to be efficient accreditation of dam owners, and product
and promote water conservation. certification.

• Waste generated during the construction Part 4 (and Schedule 3): Covers matters
process needs to be reduced. relating to the licensing and disciplining of
building practitioners.
Part 5 (and Schedule 4): Describes
miscellaneous matters, including offences
and criminal proceedings, implied terms
of contracts, regulation-making powers,
amendments to other enactments and the
repeal of the former Act, and the transitional
Provisions from the former Act to the
Building Act.

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 NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK ARCHIVED Preface

2.2 Building Regulations 4. Building (Fee for Determinations)

Regulations 2005
Building Regulations are made under and in
accordance with the Building Act. 5. Building Levy Order 2005

A number of regulations have been made under 6. Building (Accreditation of Building

the Building Act. Currently (as at May 2007) Consent Authorities) Regulations 2006
there are seven sets of regulations. 7. Building (Consent Authority Accreditation
1. Building Regulations 1992, made under the Fees) Regulations 2007
former Act and which include the Building Note: these regulations can be found
Code. These regulations have been amended at www.legislation.govt.nz
by the Building (Forms) Regulations 2004 so
that only certain parts remain in force. Parts 2.3 The New Zealand Building Code
still in force are: Schedule 1 (Building Code),
Regulation 3, Forms 16 & 17 (and Regulation The Building Code is contained in Schedule 1
4 and Schedule 2 where they relate to these of the Building Regulations 1992. The Building
forms). Code contains compulsory rules for all new
building work.
2. Building (Forms) Regulations 2004,
as amended by the Building (Forms) 2.3.1 Content
Amendment Regulations 2005, which
The Building Code sets out performance criteria
prescribes forms to be used under the
that building work must meet. It covers aspects
Building Act.
such as structural stability, fire safety, access,
3. Building (Specified Systems, moisture control, durability, services and
Change the Use, and Earthquake-prone facilities, and energy efficiency.
Buildings) Regulations 2005, as amended
The Building Code does not prescribe how work
by the Building (Specified Systems,
should be done, but states how completed
Change the Use, and Earthquake-Prone
building work and its parts must perform.
Buildings) Amendment Regulations 2005.
These regulations outline and define An advantage of a performance-based Building
the following terms. Code is flexibility. It contains no prescriptive
requirements stipulating that certain products
• Specified systems – the building systems
or designs must be used. This flexibility allows
that must be listed on compliance
developments and innovation in building design,
schedules and are subject to specific
technology and systems.
inspection and maintenance procedures.
Schedule 1 provides the list of specified The Building Code is currently under review.
systems. Any changes to the current Building Code, and
its supporting Compliance Documents, will take
• Change the use – to determine when
place from 2008 onwards. This Building Code
a change in a building’s use will require
Handbook will be updated once the review is
upgrading to meet certain requirements
complete.
of the Building Act. Schedule 2
determines the use of all or parts
of buildings.
• Moderate earthquake – to define
a moderate earthquake in relation
to a building.

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Preface NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK ARCHIVED
2.3.2 Structure 3.0 COMPLIANCE PATHS
The Building Code consists of two preliminary
Compliance with the Building Code
clauses and 35 technical clauses. Each technical
can be demonstrated using various pathways.
clause has three levels that describe the
Understanding the New Zealand building control
requirements for the clause and is listed below.
framework will help a building consent applicant
1. Objective Social objectives the building decide which path is most suitable when
must achieve. designing and constructing building work.
2. Functional requirement Functions the The diagram below illustrates the hierarchy
building must perform to meet the Objective. of New Zealand building controls, including
3. Performance The performance criteria the the various compliance paths.
building must achieve. By meeting the The top three tiers of the pyramid (the Building
performance criteria, the Objective and Act and Building Regulations) show mandatory
Functional requirement can be achieved. building legislation that must be followed, as
explained in the previous section.
The rest of the diagram shows various paths
that may be used to demonstrate compliance
with the Building Code. Compliance with the
Building Code must be demonstrated using one
or more of the paths. The applicant can choose
which path(s) to follow.

Building Act 2004

Building Regulations

The New Zealand Building Code

Objective Functional requirement Performance

Compliance Documents Alternative solutions

Comparison to Compliance Document

Comparison to document
Energy Work Certificate

– Technical information
Acceptable Solutions
Verification Methods

Product Certification

In-Service History
– Tests /research
Determination

– Standard
NZS 4121

These paths are deemed to meet the performance requirements Proposed work in this category
of the Building Code that they cover must demonstrate compliance with
the performance requirements of the
Building Code to the satisfaction
of a building consent authority

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With the exception of alternative solutions, 3.1.1 Verification Methods

the paths illustrated on the previous page must Verification Methods are tests or calculation
be accepted by the building consent authority methods that prescribe one way to comply
as meeting the performance requirements with the Building Code. Verification Methods
of the Building Code. These pathways are can include:
discussed below.
• calculation methods: using recognised
analytical methods and mathematical models
3.1 Compliance Documents
• laboratory tests: using tests (sometimes to
Compliance Documents provide details for
destruction) on prototype components and
construction that, if followed, result in
systems
compliance with the Building Code.
They are published by the Department. • tests-in-situ: which may involve examination
(Note: Compliance Documents were previously of plans and verification by test, where
known as Approved Documents, and were compliance with specified numbers,
published by the former Building Industry dimensions or locations is required (non-
Authority.) destructive tests, such as pipe pressure
tests, are also included).
A design that complies with Compliance
Documents must be accepted by a building 3.1.2 Acceptable Solutions
consent authority as complying with the These are simple step-by-step instructions
Building Code. that show one way to comply with the
There is one Compliance Document for each Building Code.
of the 35 technical clauses in the Building Code.
Each Compliance Document contains at least 3.2 Product certification
a Verification Method or an Acceptable
The Building Act contains Provisions for a
Solution, and usually has both. However, some
voluntary product certification scheme
Compliance Documents have more than one
that will enable product manufacturers
Verification Method or Acceptable Solution.
to have their products certified as meeting
For example, the Compliance Document for
nominated Performance requirements of the
Clause B1 of the Building Code has two
Building Code.
Verification Methods and three Acceptable
Solutions. Building products or methods that are used in
accordance with a product certificate as
Verification Methods and Acceptable Solutions
provided by section 269 of the Building Act
are usually referred to by their Building Code
must be accepted as complying with the
clauses and unique identification numbers.
Building Code.
Some examples are listed below.
• The Acceptable Solution for Clause E2
3.3 Energy work certificate
External Moisture is known as E2/AS1.
Energy work is defined as gasfitting work or
• The Acceptable Solution for Clause G4
prescribed electrical work. An energy work
Ventilation is known as G4/AS1.
certificate certifies that energy work complies
• The Acceptable Solution for Clause G1 with either the Electricity Act 1992 or the
Personal Hygiene is known as G1/AS1. Gas Act 1992.
An energy work certificate must be accepted
as establishing compliance with the relevant
Performance requirements of the Building Code.

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3.4 New Zealand Standard NZS 4121 There may be a number of reasons for the use
of an alternative solution.
Section 119 of the Building Act specifies that
NZS 4121, the code of practice for design for • There may not be a Compliance Document
access and use of buildings by persons with for the proposed construction, for example,
disabilities (and any modification of that if no Compliance Document is available
Standard), is to be taken as a Compliance for on-site effluent disposal.
Document. • The building work may incorporate unusual
design features that fall outside the scope
3.5 Determinations of a Compliance Document.
A determination is a binding decision made Whatever the reason for using an alternative
by the Department. It provides a way of solving solution, the Building Code, being performance-
disputes or answering questions relating to the based, allows for innovation and applicants have
Building Code and territorial authority/building the freedom to propose an innovative solution.
consent authority/regional authority decisions Refer to 2.3 ‘The New Zealand Building Code’.
under the Building Act.
A range of matters can be determined, 3.7 Producer statements
including: A producer statement is a statement supplied
• whether a building or building work complies by or on behalf of an applicant for a building
with the Building Code consent, or by or on behalf of a person
who has been granted a building consent.
• a building consent authority’s decision
It is a statement that certain work will be,
on a building consent, a notice to fix, a code
or has been, carried out in accordance with
compliance certificate (CCC) or a compliance
certain technical specifications.
schedule
Producer statements were introduced by
• a territorial authority’s decision to issue
the former Act and are no longer expressly
a building consent subject to a waiver
referred to in the Building Act. A building
or modification
consent authority may, at their discretion,
• a territorial authority’s decision on a accept and consider a producer statement as
certificate of acceptance, a compliance part of the plans or specifications for a building
schedule, a notice to fix, or a certificate consent. This will assist the building consent
for public use authority in deciding whether it is satisfied
• a regional authority’s or territorial authority’s on reasonable grounds the provisions of the
exercise or failure to exercise its powers Building Code will be met if the building work
under the Building Act. is completed in accordance with the plans and
specifications. A building consent authority
3.6 Alternative solutions should have a formal procedure or policy in
place for the use and consideration of producer
An alternative solution is a building solution that
statements, especially if a producer
differs, in part or wholly, from the solutions
statement(s) will be required to prove building
offered by the Compliance Documents (an
work complies with a building consent.
Acceptable Solution or Verification Method),
but achieves compliance with the performance
requirements of the Building Code to the
satisfaction of the building consent authority.

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4.0 THE PARTIES AND THEIR • issuing project information memoranda

RESPONSIBILITIES • granting waivers or modifications of the
Building Code (not including waivers or
Five principal parties are responsible for
modifications relating to access and facilities
ensuring that buildings are safe and sanitary
for people with disabilities)
in line with the Building Act.
• issuing certificates of acceptance
4.1 The Department of Building • issuing certificates for public use
and Housing (the Department) • determining the extent to which buildings
The Department has a range of statutory must comply with the Building Code if they
responsibilities for building and housing, and are altered, or their use is changed or where
administers New Zealand’s building legislation. there is a specified intended life change
The Department’s building control functions • enforcing the provisions relating to annual
include: building warrants of fitness
• advising the Minister for Building and • issuing certain notices provided for under
Construction on matters relating to building the Building Act
control
• keeping records
• administering and reviewing the
• ensuring dangerous, insanitary and
Building Code
earthquake prone buildings are identified
• producing and maintaining Compliance and appropriate action taken to remove any
Documents that specify prescriptive danger or insanitary condition
methods as a means of complying with
• amending compliance schedules
the Building Code
• carrying out other functions and duties
• providing information, guidance, and advice
specified in the Building Act.
on building controls to all sectors of the
building industry and consumers
4.3 Building consent authorities
• implementing, administering and monitoring
Building consent authorities are responsible for:
a system of regulatory controls for a vibrant
sector with skilled building professionals • issuing building consents
• making determinations, or technical rulings, • inspecting building work for which they
on matters of interpretation, doubt or granted a building consent
dispute. • issuing notices to fix
• issuing code compliance certificates
4.2 Territorial authorities
• issuing compliance schedules and amending
Territorial authorities are responsible for
them where the specified systems are
enforcing the Building Act, Regulations and
affected by building work
the Building Code in their areas of jurisdiction.
• carrying out other functions and duties
They are responsible for:
specified in the Building Act.
• gaining accreditation as a building consent
authority
• registering as a building consent authority
• performing the functions of a building
consent authority

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4.4 Regional authorities • ensuring any specified systems in their

Regional authorities are responsible for: building are performing and will continue
to perform to the performance standards
• performing the functions of a building
consent authority to the extent that those • supplying the annual building warrant of
functions relate to dams fitness, if applicable

• considering and approving dam • notifying the territorial authority if a change

classifications of use, extension of life, or subdivision is
proposed
• considering and approving dam safety
assurance programmes • paying any fees as required by the
Building Act.
• administering the Building Act, relating to
dam classifications, dam safety assurance
4.6 Licensed building practitioners (LBPs)
programmes and dam compliance
certificates Building designers and constructors are the
owner’s agents, so their role is not covered
• enforcing provisions of the Building Code
in the legislation. However, the Building Act
and the Building Act and regulations that
does provide for a system of licensing building
relate to dams
practitioners to improve control of and
• adopting a policy on dangerous dams. encourage better practices in building design
and construction.
4.5 Building owners
Licensed building practitioners are responsible
Building owners are responsible for: for:
• detailing work proposals on plans and • carrying out or supervising restricted building
specifications, including proposals for the work (from 30 November 2009)
inspection and routine maintenance of the
• notifying building consent authorities
specified systems for the purposes of the
of breaches of building consents
compliance schedule (if applicable)
(from 30 November 2009)
• applying for building consents
• issuing Form 12A certificates certifying
(and amendments to building consents)
the inspection, maintenance and reporting
and project information memoranda
procedures stated in the compliance
• constructing buildings in accordance with schedule have been fully complied with
the ’approved plans and specifications’ for the previous 12 months
• organising inspections at given stages as • recommending the compliance schedule
building work progresses be amended to ensure the stated specified
• collecting energy work certificates systems are performing, and will continue
to perform, to the applicable performance
• applying for a code compliance certificate
standards.
as soon as any work carried out under a
building consent granted to them is Note: The LBP’s role in regards to compliance
completed schedules will continue to be carried out by
independent qualified persons (IQPs) until
• maintaining buildings in a safe and
November 2009. At the time of publication,
sanitary manner
licence classes for compliance schedule work
are under development.

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 NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK ARCHIVED Preface

4.7 Past building control parties An application for a building consent is deemed
to include an application for a PIM, unless one
4.7.1 The Building Industry Authority has been previously issued for the project and
The Building Industry Authority (the Authority) this is supplied with the building consent
was a Crown entity, established under the application. In most cases, PIMs and building
former Act as the sole regulatory authority consents are applied for in a single application.
for building controls in New Zealand. The They will be processed as separate applications,
introduction of the Building Act 2004 has seen but may be issued separately or jointly.
the dissolution of the Authority and transfer of If the application for a PIM affects a registered
its responsibilities to the Department. historic place, historic area, wahi tapu, or wahi
tapu area, and a PIM has not been issued for
4.7.2 Building certifier
the building work to which the application
A building certifier was a person approved applies, then the territorial authority must notify
by the Authority under the former Act to issue the New Zealand Historic Places Trust within
building certificates with respect to specific five days after receiving the application.
provisions of the Building Code. A building
If the territorial authority considers a
certifier may have been employed by a building
development contribution under the Local
owner as an alternative to using the territorial
Government Act 2002 is payable by the owner,
authority for checking technical proposals and
it may attach a notice (Form 3) that advises the
performing inspections. Building certifiers are
applicant that a code compliance certificate will
not provided for under the Building Act except
not be issued until the development
for certain transitional arrangements.
contribution is paid.

5.0 BUILDING COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS

5.2 Building consents (sections 40 to 52)

5.1 Project information memoranda A building consent is the formal approval, under
(sections 31 to 39) section 49 of the Building Act, permitting an
applicant to undertake building work in
A project information memorandum (PIM)
accordance with the plans and specifications
provides information known to the territorial
approved by the building consent authority.
authority/regional authority about land, and
Building work is the construction, alteration,
requirements of the Building Act and other
demolition or removal of a building and includes
Acts that might be relevant to proposed building
sitework.
work. A PIM is specific to the site and project.
A person cannot carry out building work
A PIM is a legal document and may have
except in accordance with a building consent.
a notice attached to it requiring the owner
There are some exemptions (see sections 41
to obtain other approvals or consents required
and 43 and Schedule 1 of the Building Act),
by other legislation, such as the Resource
but section 17 still requires building work to be
Management Act 1991, prior to any work
carried out in accordance with the Building
commencing on the project. For example,
Code, even if no building consent is required.
a PIM might include the fact that the height
of a building may contravene a rule in the
District Plan, meaning that before work
commences, a separate resource consent
is required from the territorial authority
planning unit.

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5.2.1 Alterations (Section 112) See Regulations 5 and 6 of the Building

Where proposed building work involves an (Specified Systems, Change the Use, and
alteration to an existing building, the consent Earthquake-Prone Buildings) Regulations 2005.
must not be granted unless the building An owner of a building must give written notice
consent authority is satisfied that all new to the territorial authority/regional authority if
building work complies with the Building Code they propose to change the use of a building.
and: Where the owner proposes to change the use
• the altered building will comply as nearly of a building to one or more household units,
as is reasonably practicable with the Building where household units did not exist before,
Code provisions for means of escape from they must obtain written notice from the
fire and access and facilities for people with territorial authority. This must state that the
disabilities, and territorial authority is satisfied, on reasonable
• the altered building will continue to comply grounds, that the building, in its new use, will
with the other provisions of the Building comply as nearly as is reasonably practicable,
Code to at least the same extent as before with the Building Code in all respects (usually
the alteration. through the issue of a building consent).

However, a territorial authority may allow the For any other change of use proposal, the
alteration of an existing building without owner must get written notice from the
complying with provisions of the Building Code territorial authority/regional authority, stating
specified by the territorial authority, if the that the authority is satisfied, on reasonable
territorial authority is satisfied that: grounds, that the building, in its new use, will
comply, as nearly as is reasonably practicable,
• if the building were required to comply with
with every provision of the Building Code that
the relevant provisions of the Building Code,
relates to either or both of the following
the alterations would not take place, and
matters:
• the alteration will result in improvements to
• means of escape from fire, protection of
attributes of the building that relate to means
other property, sanitary facilities, structural
of escape from fire or access and facilities
performance, and fire-rating performance
for persons with disabilities, and
• access and facilities for people with
• the improvements mentioned above
disabilities (if this is a requirement under
outweigh any detriment that is likely to arise
section 118 of the Building Act).
as a result of the building not complying with
the relevant provisions of the Building Code. The territorial authority/regional authority must
also be satisfied that the building will continue
5.2.2 Change of use (sections 114 and 115) to comply with the other provisions of the
Uses of buildings are defined in Schedule 2 Building Code to at least the same extent as
of the Building (Specified Systems, Change before the change of use.
the Use, and Earthquake-Prone Buildings)
5.2.3 Extension of life (sections 114 and 116)
Regulations 2005.
Where a building with a specified intended life
A change of use arises when two criteria
is issued with a building consent that is subject
are met. The first criterion is that a building’s
to the condition that the building be altered
use must change from one use in Schedule 2
before the end of its life, an ‘extension of life’
to a different use in Schedule 2. The second
can be obtained.
criterion is the result of that change (first
criterion) means the requirements for An owner of a building must give written notice
compliance with the Building Code for the to the territorial authority/regional authority if it
new use are additional to, or more onerous proposes to extend the life of a building.
than, the requirements for the old use.

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The territorial authority/regional authority can The most recent version of NZS 4121 Code
only give its consent to the extension of life of Practice for Design for Access and Use
if it is satisfied that: of Buildings by Persons with Disabilities
• the building has been altered in accordance is to be taken as a Compliance Document.
with the original condition
5.3 Code compliance certificate
• the alteration complies with section 112
(sections 91 to 95)
of the Building Act (Alterations).
A code compliance certificate (CCC) is a
5.2.4 Subdivision (sections 114 and 116A) formal statement, issued under section 95
An owner of a building must give written of the Building Act, which states that building
notice to the territorial authority if it proposes work carried out under a building consent
to subdivide land in a manner that affects a application complies with that building consent.
building. A CCC provides assurance to the owner and
The territorial authority can only issue a subsequent property owners that the approved
certificate under section 224(f) (relating to cross plans and specifications have been followed.
lease, company lease, and unit titles) of the A CCC is not issued until all building work
Resource Management Act 1991 for the has been completed as per the plans and
purpose of giving effect to a subdivision specifications submitted with the building
affecting a building or part of a building, if it is consent application.
satisfied that the building will comply as nearly A CCC must be applied for after all building
as reasonably practicable with every provision work carried out under a building consent
of the Building Code that relates to one or more granted to the owner is completed.
of the following.
An application for a CCC where the building
• Means of escape from fire work was carried out under a consent granted
• Access and facilities for people with under the former Act must be considered and
disabilities determined as if the Building Act had not been
• Protection of other property passed. However, section 43(2) of the former
Act must be read as if a CCC may only be
The building must also continue to comply with
issued if the territorial authority is satisfied that
other provisions of the Building Code to at least
the building work complies with the Building
the same extent as it did before the application
Code that applied at the time the building
for subdivision was made.
consent was granted.
5.2.5 Access for persons with disabilities
(sections 117 to 120 and Schedule 2) 5.4 Certificates of acceptance
(sections 96 to 99)
Any building (including parts of a building
such as a driveway) that is open to the public, Certificates of acceptance were introduced
whether or not they are charged for entry, by the Building Act. The certificate confirms
must have reasonable and adequate provision that, to the extent an inspection was able to
for access, parking and sanitary facilities for be carried out, the building work complies with
people with disabilities who may be expected the Building Code. A certificate of acceptance
to work or visit that building and carry out therefore has some similarities to a CCC in
normal activities and processes in that building. that it will provide some verification for a
building owner, or future building owner,
that all or part of the work is compliant.

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A certificate of acceptance can be obtained Some examples of where notices could be

in situations where: issued include:
• work has been done without a building • carrying out building work other than
consent when one should have been in accordance with a building consent
obtained • displaying an incorrect building warrant
• a building consent authority or building of fitness
certifier is unable or refuses to issue a CCC • changing the use of a building without
• verification is required of urgent building notifying the territorial authority or regional
work carried out under section 42 of the authority.
Building Act.
A certificate of acceptance can also be 5.6 Compliance schedules
used in limited circumstances in relation (sections 100 to 107)
to section 363B. A compliance schedule lists specified systems
A certificate of acceptance is based on within a building. The compliance schedule
verification with the Building Code that was in for a building must identify which specified
place at the time of application. It is not based systems are present, the performance
on what was in place at the time a building standards for those systems, and how those
consent was granted, or should have been systems will be inspected and maintained to
applied for, or when the work was actually ensure they continue to function.
carried out. For more information on compliance schedules,
see the Compliance Schedule Handbook.
5.5 Notices to fix
(sections 163 to 168) 5.7 Building warrants of fitness
A notice to fix is a statutory notice requiring (sections 108 to 111)
a person to remedy a breach of the Building Act A building warrant of fitness (BWoF)
or Regulations under the Act. A notice to fix can is a statement supplied by a building owner,
be issued for all breaches of the Building Act, to the territorial authority confirming that the
including non-complying building work, and systems specified in the compliance schedule
for an incorrect building warrant of fitness for their building have been maintained and
or a compliance schedule that is not being checked in accordance with the compliance
properly complied with. A notice to fix can state schedule for the previous 12 months, and will
that all or any building work must cease continue to perform as required. For more
immediately. information on building warrants of fitness,
A building consent authority, regional authority see the Compliance Schedule Handbook.
or a territorial authority must issue a notice to
fix for any contravention of the Building Act and
Building Regulations under section 164 of the
Building Act. When a notice to fix has been
issued by a building consent authority that is
not a territorial authority or a regional authority,
the matter is then handed to the territorial
authority or regional authority to decide
whether the notice has been complied with.

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5.8 Certificates for public use

(section 363A)

A certificate for public use is a new safety

provision under the Building Act. It is a tool
that can be used to certify that premises or
parts of premises affected by building work
are safe to be used by the public. Certificates
for public use can only be used where a building
consent has been granted for the building work
but no CCC has yet been issued. Certificates
for public use do not relieve the owner of a
building from the obligation to apply for a CCC
after all the building work has been carried out.

5.9 Building certificate

A building certificate was a formal confirmation

by a building certifier that specific aspects of a
building would or do comply with the Building
Code. A territorial authority was obliged to
accept such a certificate. Building certificates
were allowed for under the former Act, but are
only included under the new Building Act as
transitional allowances to phase them out.

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Contents
Page Page
A General Provisions 19 G Services and Facilities 63
A1 Classified uses 19 G1 Personal hygiene 63
A2 Interpretation 21 G2 Laundering 65
B Stability 23 G3 Food preparation and prevention 66
B1 Structure 23 of contamination

B2 Durability 26 G4 Ventilation 69

C Fire Safety 29 G5 Interior environment 71

C1 Outbreak of fire 29 G6 Airborne and impact sound 73

C2 Means of escape 30 G7 Natural light 74

C3 Spread of fire 32 G8 Artificial light 75

C4 Structural stability during fire 35 G9 Electricity 76

D Access 37 G10 Piped services 78

D1 Access routes 37 G11 Gas as an energy source 80

D2 Mechanical installations for access 42 G12 Water supplies 82

E Moisture 45 G13 Foul water 84

E1 Surface water 45 G14 Industrial liquid waste 86

E2 External moisture 47 G15 Solid waste 88

E3 Internal moisture 48 H Energy Efficiency 90

F Safety of Users 51 H1 Energy efficiency 90

F1 Hazardous agents on site 51

F2 Hazardous building materials 52
F3 Hazardous substances and 53
processes
F4 Safety from falling 55
F5 Construction and demolition 57
hazards
F6 Lighting for emergency 59
F7 Warning systems 60
F8 Signs 61

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A General Provisions
A1 Classified Uses

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause A1–CLASSIFIED USES

1.0 EXPLANATION
1.0.1 For the purposes of this building code buildings are classified
according to type, under seven categories.
1.0.2 A building with a given classified use may have one or more
intended uses as defined in the Act.
2.0 Housing
2.0.1 Applies to buildings or use where there is self care and service
(internal management). There are three types:
2.0.2 Detached Dwellings
Applies to a building or use where a group of people live as a single
household or family. Examples: a holiday cottage, boarding house
accommodating fewer than 6 people, dwelling or hut.
2.0.3 Multi-unit Dwelling
Applies to a building or use which contains more than one
separate household or family. Examples: an attached dwelling, flat or
multi-unit apartment.
2.0.4 Group Dwelling
Applies to a building or use where groups of people live as one
large extended family. Examples: within a commune or marae.
3.0 COMMUNAL RESIDENTIAL
3.0.1 Applies to buildings or use where assistance or care is extended to
the principal users. There are two types.
3.0.2 Community Service
Applies to a residential building or use where limited assistance or
care is extended to the principal users. Examples: a boarding house, hall of
residence, holiday cabin, hostel, hotel, motel, nurses’ home, retirement
village, time-share accommodation, a work camp, or camping ground.
3.0.3 Community Care
Applies to a residential building or use where a large degree of
assistance or care is extended to the principal users. There are two types:
a) Unrestrained; where the principal users are free to come and
go. Examples: a hospital, an old people’s home or a health
camp.
b) Restrained; where the principal users are legally or physically
constrained in their movements. Examples: a borstal or drug
rehabilitation centre, an old people’s home where substantial
care is extended, a prison or hospital.
4.0 COMMUNAL NON-RESIDENTIAL
4.0.1 Applies to a building or use being a meeting place for people where
care and service is provided by people other than the principal users.
There are two types:

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4.0.2 Assembly Service

Applies to a building or use where limited care and service is
provided. Examples: a church, cinema, clubroom, hall, museum, public
swimming pool, stadium, theatre, or whare runanga (the assembly
house).
4.0.3 Assembly Care
Applies to a building or use where a large degree of care and
service is provided. Examples: an early childhood centre, college, day care
institution, centre for handicapped persons, kindergarten, school or
university.
5.0 COMMERCIAL
5.0.1 Applies to a building or use in which any natural resources, goods,
services or money are either developed, sold, exchanged or stored.
Examples: an amusement park, auction room, bank, car-park, catering
facility, coffee bar, computer centre, fire station, funeral parlour,
hairdresser, library, office (commercial or government), police station,
post office, public laundry, radio station, restaurant, service station, shop,
showroom, storage facility, television station or transport terminal.
6.0 INDUSTRIAL
6.0.1 Applies to a building or use where people use material and
physical effort to:
(a) extract or convert natural resources,
(b) produce goods or energy from natural or converted
resources,
(c) repair goods, or
(d) store goods (ensuing from the industrial process).
Examples: an agricultural building, agricultural processing
facility, aircraft hanger, factory, power station, sewage
treatment works, warehouse or utility.
7.0 OUTBUILDINGS
7.0.1 Applies to a building or use which may be included within each
classified use but are not intended for human habitation, and are
accessory to the principal use of associated buildings. Examples: a carport,
farm building, garage, greenhouse, machinery room, private swimming
pool, public toilet, or shed.
8.0 ANCILLARY
8.0.1 Applies to a building or use not for human habitation and which
may be exempted from some amenity provisions, but which are required
to comply with structural and safety-related aspects of the building code.
Examples: a bridge, derrick, fence, free standing outdoor fireplace, jetty,
mast, path, platform, pylon, retaining wall, tank, tunnel or dam.

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A2 Interpretation
This Clause of the New Zealand Building Code lists defined words used within the Code.
Those definitions, plus defined word or terms used in the Compliance Documents, are included
in the section on definitions in this Handbook.

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B Stability
B1 Structure

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B2 Durability

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause B2–DURABILITY
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
B2.1 The objective of this
provision is to ensure that a
building will throughout its life
continue to satisfy the other
objectives of this code.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
B2.2 Building materials,
components and construction
methods shall be sufficiently
durable to ensure that the building,
without reconstruction or major
renovation, satisfies the other
functional requirements of this
code throughout the life of the building.
PERFORMANCE
B2.3.1 Building elements must, Performance B2.3.1 applies from
with only normal maintenance, the time of issue of the applicable
continue to satisfy the performance code compliance certificate.
requirements of this code for the Building elements are not required
lesser of the specified intended life to satisfy a durability performance
of the building, if stated, or: which exceeds the specified
(a) The life of the building, being intended life of the building.
not less than 50 years, if:
(i) Those building elements
(including floors, walls, and
fixings) provide structural
stability to the building, or
(ii) Those building elements are
difficult to access or replace, or
(iii) Failure of those building
elements to comply with the
building code would go
undetected during both
normal use and maintenance
of the building.
(b) 15 years if:
(i) Those building elements
(including the building
envelope, exposed plumbing
in the subfloor space, and
in-built chimneys and flues)
are moderately difficult to
access or replace, or

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(ii) Failure of those building

elements to comply with the
building code would go
undetected during normal
use of the building, but
would be easily detected
during normal maintenance.
(c) 5 years if:
(i) The building elements
(including services, linings,
renewable protective
coatings, and fixtures) are
easy to access and replace,
and
(ii) Failure of those building
elements to comply with the
building code would be
easily detected during
normal use of the building.
B2.3.2 Individual building elements
which are components of a
building system and are difficult
to access or replace must either:
(a) All have the same durability, or
(b) Be installed in a manner that
permits the replacement of
building elements of lesser
durability without removing
building elements that have
greater durability and are not
specifically designed for
removal and replacement.

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C Fire Safety
C1 Outbreak of Fire

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C2 Means of Escape

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause C2–MEANS OF ESCAPE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
C2.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from injury or
illness from a fire while escaping
to a safe place, and
(b) Facilitate fire rescue operations.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
C2.2 Buildings shall be provided
with means of escape from fire
which:
(a) Give people adequate time to
reach a safe place without
being overcome by the
effects of fire, and
(b) Give fire service personnel
adequate time to undertake
rescue operations.
PERFORMANCE
C2.3.1 The number of open paths
available to each person escaping
to an exitway or final exit shall be
appropriate to:
(a) The travel distance.
(b) The number of occupants,
(c) The fire hazard, and
(d) The fire safety systems installed
in the firecell.
C2.3.2 The number of exitways or
final exits available to each person
shall be appropriate to:
(a) The open path travel distance,
(b) The building height,
(c) The number of occupants,
(d) The fire hazard, and
(e) The fire safety systems installed
in the building.
C2.3.3 Escape routes shall be:
(a) Of adequate size for the
number of occupants,

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(b) Free of obstruction in the Performance C2.3.3(b) must not
direction of escape, prevent a door that forms part of
an escape route from being locked
if the person who locks it is satisfied
that no-one is in that part of the
building served by the escape route
and that no one is likely to enter
that part of the building, except in
an emergency, without unlocking
that door.

(c) Of length appropriate to the

mobility of the people using
them,
(d) Resistant to the spread of fire
as required by Clause C3
“Spread of Fire”,
(e) Easy to find as required by
Clause F8 “Signs”,
(f) Provided with adequate
illumination as required by
Clause F6 “Lighting for
Emergency”, and
(g) Easy and safe to use as
required by Clause D1.3.3
“Access Routes”.

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C3 Spread of Fire

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause C3–SPREAD OF FIRE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
C3.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from injury or
illness when evacuating a
building during fire.
(b) Provide protection to fire service
personnel during firefighting
operations.
(c) Protect adjacent household
units, other residential units, and
other property from the effects
of fire.
(d) Safeguard the environment from
adverse effects of fire.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
C3.2 Buildings shall be provided
with safeguards against fire spread
so that:
(a) Occupants have time to escape
to a safe place without being
overcome by the effects of fire,
(b) Firefighters may undertake
rescue operations and protect
property,
(c) Adjacent household units,
other residential units, and
other property are protected
from damage, and
(d) Significant quantities of Requirement C3.2(d) applies only
hazardous substances are not to buildings where significant
released into the environment quantities of hazardous substances
during fire. are stored and processed.
PERFORMANCE
C3.3.1 Interior surface finishes
on walls, floors, ceilings and
suspended building elements, shall
resist the spread of fire and limit
the generation of toxic gases,
smoke and heat, to a degree
appropriate to:
(a) The travel distance,
(b) The number of occupants,

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(c) The fire hazard, and
(d) The active fire safety systems
installed in the building.
C3.3.2 Fire separations shall be
provided within buildings to avoid
the spread of fire and smoke to:
(a) Other firecells,
(b) Spaces intended for sleeping, Performance C3.3.2(b) does not
and apply to Detached Dwellings or
within household units of Multi-unit
Dwellings.
(c) Household units within the
same building or adjacent
buildings.
(d) Other property.
C3.3.3 Fire separations shall:
(a) Where openings occur, be
provided with fire resisting
closures to maintain the
integrity of the fire separations
for an adequate time, and
(b) Where penetrations occur,
maintain the fire resistance
rating of the fire separation.
C3.3.4 Concealed spaces and Performance C3.3.4 shall not
cavities within buildings shall be apply to Detached Dwellings.
sealed and subdivided where
necessary to inhibit the unseen
spread of fire and smoke.
C3.3.5 External walls and roofs
shall have resistance to the spread
of fire, appropriate to the fire load
within the building and to the proximity
of other household units, other
residential units and other property.
C3.3.6 Automatic fire suppression
systems shall be installed where
people would otherwise be:
(a) Unlikely to reach a safe place
in adequate time because of the
number of storeys in the building,
(b) Required to remain within the
building without proceeding
directly to a final exit, or where
the evacuation time is excessive,

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(c) Unlikely to reach a safe place
due to confinement under
institutional care because of
mental or physical disability,
illness or legal detention, and
the evacuation time is
excessive, or
(d) At high risk due to the fire
load and fire hazard within
the building.
C3.3.7 Air conditioning and
mechanical ventilation systems
shall be constructed to avoid
circulation of smoke and fire
between firecells.
C3.3.8 Where an automatic smoke
control system is installed, it shall
be constructed to:
(a) Avoid the spread of fire and
smoke between firecells, and
(b) Protect escape routes from
smoke until the occupants
have reached a safe place.
C3.3.9 The fire safety systems
installed shall facilitate the specific
needs of fire service personnel to:
(a) Carry out rescue operations,
and
(b) Control the spread of fire.
C3.3.10 Environmental protection Performance C3.3.10 applies only
systems shall ensure a low to buildings where significant
probability of hazardous substances quantities of hazardous substances
being released to: are stored or processed.
(a) Soils, vegetation or natural
waters,
(b) The atmosphere, and
(c) Sewers or public drains.

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C4 Structural Stability During Fire

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D Access
D1 Access Routes

28 Building Regulations 1992 1992/150

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause D1—ACCESS ROUTES
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
D1.1 The objective of this
provision is:
(a) Safeguard people from injury
during movement into, within
and out of buildings,
(b) Safeguard people from injury
resulting from the movement
of vehicles into, within and out
of buildings, and
(c) Ensure that people with disabilities Objective D1.1(c) shall apply only
are able to enter and carry out to those buildings to which Section
normal activities and functions 47A of the Act applies. Note
within buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
D1.21 Buildings shall be provided Requirement D1.2.1 shall not
with reasonable and adequate apply to Ancillary buildings or
access to enable safe and easy Outbuildings.
movement of people.
D1.22 Where a building is
provided with loading or parking
spaces, they shall be constructed
to permit safe and easy unloading
and movement of vehicles, and to
avoid conflict between vehicles
and pedestrians.

PERFORMANCE
D1.3.1 Access routes shall enable
people to:
(a) Safely and easily approach the
main entrance of buildings from
the apron or construction edge
of a building,
(b) Enter buildings,
(c) Move into spaces within
buildings by such means as
corridors, doors, stairs, ramps
and lifts,
(d) Manoeuvre and park cars, and
(e) Manoeuvre and park delivery
vehicles required to use the
loading space.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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D2 Mechanical Installations for Access

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause D2—MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR ACCESS
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
D2.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from injury
and loss of amenity while
using mechanical installations
for movement into, within and
out of buildings,
(b) Safeguard maintenance
personnel from injury
while servicing mechanical
installations for access, and
(c) Ensure that people with Objective D2.1(c) shall apply only
disabilities are able to carry to those buildings to which Section
out normal activities and 47A of the Act applies. Note
processes within buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
D2.2 Mechanical installations for
access into, within and out of
buildings shall provide for the safe
and easy movement of people, and for
the safety of maintenance personnel.

PERFORMANCE
D2.3.1 Mechanical installations for
access shall:
(a) Move people safely, and stop
and hold as required for the
normal use of the installation,
for all loads up to and including
25% in excess of the rated load,
(b) Not produce excessive
acceleration or deceleration,
(c) Be constructed to avoid the
likelihood of people falling,
tripping, becoming caught, being
able to touch or be struck by
moving parts, sharp edges or
projections, under both normal
and reasonably foreseeable
abnormal conditions of use,

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(d) Be constructed to prevent
collision between components,
or between components and
the building,
(e) Have a control system that
ensures safe abnormal
operation in the event of
overloading or failure of any
single component, and
(f) Be capable of being isolated
for inspection, testing and
maintenance.
D2.3.2 Mechanical installations for
access shall be provided with:
(a) Adequate control over normal
use, to ensure people’s safety
throughout any operation
involving starting, stopping or
changing the direction of travel,
(b) Notification of position, where
people are fully enclosed and
the installation serves more
than two levels,
(c) Adequate lighting and
ventilation for both normal
and emergency use, and
(d) Signs as required by Clause
F8 “Signs”,
D2.3.3 Mechanical installations
for access shall, for emergency
purposes, be provided with a
means of:
(a) Calling outside help,
(b) Releasing people safely,
(c) Safeguarding people from
exposure to hazardous
situations, and
(d) Allowing authorised personnel Performance D2.3.3(d) shall not
to override the normal running apply to installations travelling less
procedure and take exclusive than 15 m vertically.
control of the installation.
D2.3.4 Potentially dangerous
equipment shall be located in
spaces which:

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(a) Are secure from unauthorised

entry and contain only
equipment associated with
the installation,
(b) Are appropriately sized and
suitably guarded to provide
adequate safe working areas
for maintenance personnel,
(c) Are provided with adequate
power and lighting for
maintenance, and
(d) Have an environment that
ensures the safe operation of
the equipment under all likely
conditions of use.
D2.3.5 Mechanical installations on
accessible routes shall:
(a) Where the passenger conveyor
is manually controlled, provide:
(i) controls which are easily
identifiable and easy to use,
(ii) adequate notification that the
passenger conveyor has
registered a summoning
call, and
(iii) adequate notification that
the passenger conveyor
has arrived, and of its
future direction of travel,
(b) Where the passenger conveyor
is fully enclosed and serves
more than two levels, provide
an adequate means of informing
occupants of their location,
(c) Where appropriate, have doors
which:
(i) are power operated,
(ii) are readily distinguishable
from their surroundings, and
(iii) where automatic, remain
open sufficiently long to
enable people with disabilities
to pass through, and
(d) Have handrails within the
passenger conveyor.

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E Moisture
E1 Surface Water

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause E1–SURFACE WATER
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
E1.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from injury
or illness, and other property
from damage, caused by
surface water, and
(b) Protect the outfalls of drainage
systems.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
E1.2 Buildings and sitework shall
be constructed in a way that
protects people and other property
from the adverse effects of surface
water.
PERFORMANCE
E1.3.1 Except as otherwise required
under the Resource Management
Act 1991 for the protection of other
property, surface water, resulting from
an event having a 10% probability
of occurring annually and which is
collected or concentrated by buildings
or sitework, shall be disposed of in
a way that avoids the likelihood of
damage or nuisance to other property.
E1.3.2 Surface water, resulting Performance E1.3.2 shall apply
from an event having a 2% only to Housing, Communal
probability of occurring annually, Residential and Communal Non-
shall not enter buildings. residential buildings.
E1.3.3 Drainage systems for the
disposal of surface water shall be
constructed to:
(a) Convey surface water to an
appropriate outfall using
gravity flow where possible,
(b) Avoid the likelihood of
blockages,
(c) Avoid the likelihood of
leakage, penetration by roots,
or the entry of ground water
where pipes or lined channels
are used,

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Provisions Limits on application

(d) Provide reasonable access for
maintenance and clearing
blockages,
(e) Avoid the likelihood of
damage to any outfall, in a
manner acceptable to the
network utility operator, and
(f) Avoid the likelihood of
damage from superimposed
loads or normal ground
movements.

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E2 External Moisture

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E3 Internal Moisture

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause E3–INTERNAL MOISTURE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
E3.1 The objective of this provision
is to–
(a) Safeguard people against
illness, injury, or loss of
amenity that could result
from the accumulation of
internal moisture; and
(b) Protect household units and
other property from damage
caused by free water from
another household unit in the
same building.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
E3.2 Buildings must be constructed
to avoid the likelihood of–
(a) Fungal growth or the
accumulation of contaminants
on linings and other building
elements; and
(b) Free water overflow
penetrating to an adjoining
household unit; and
(c) Damage to building elements
being caused by the presence
of moisture.
PERFORMANCE
E3.3.1 An adequate combination of Performance E3.3.1 does not
thermal resistance, ventilation, and apply to Communal Non-residential,
space temperature must be provided Commercial, Industrial, Outbuildings
to all habitable spaces, bathrooms, or Ancillary buildings.
laundries, and other spaces where
moisture may be generated or may
accumulate.
E3.3.2 Freewater from accidental
overflow from sanitary fixtures or
sanitary appliances must be
disposed of in a way that avoids
loss of amenity or damage to
household units or other property.
E3.3.3 Floor surfaces of any space
containing sanitary fixtures or
sanitary appliances must be
impervious and easily cleaned.

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Provisions Limits on application
E3.3.4 Wall surfaces adjacent to
sanitary fixtures or sanitary
appliances must be impervious and
easily cleaned.
E3.3.5 Surfaces of building
elements likely to be splashed or
become contaminated in the
course of the intended use of the
building, must be impervious and
easily cleaned.
E3.3.6 Surfaces of building
elements likely to be splashed
must be constructed in a way
that prevents water splash from
penetrating behind linings or into
concealed spaces.

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F Safety of Users
F1 Hazardous Agents on Site

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F2 Hazardous Building Materials

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F3 Hazardous Substances and Processes

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F4 Safety from Falling

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause F4–SAFETY FROM FALLING
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
F4.1 The objective of this provision
is to safeguard people from injury
caused by falling.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
F4.2 Buildings shall be constructed
to reduce the likelihood of
accidental fall.

PERFORMANCE
F4.3.1 Where people could fall Performance F4.3.1 shall not apply
1 metre or more from an opening where such a barrier would be
in the external envelope or floor of incompatible with the intended use
a building, or from a sudden change of an area, or to temporary barriers
of level within or associated with on construction sites where the
a building, a barrier shall be possible fall is less than 3 metres
provided. or to buildings providing pedestrian
access in remote locations where
the route served presents similar
natural hazards.
F4.3.2 Roofs with permanent
access shall have barriers
provided.
F4.3.3 Swimming pools have a Performance F4.3.3 shall not
depth of water exceeding 400mm, apply to any pool exempted
shall have barriers provided. under section 5 of the Fencing
of Swimming Pools Act 1987.

F4.3.4 Barriers shall:

(a) Be continuous and extend
for the full extent of the
hazard,
(b) Be of appropriate height,
(c) Be constructed with adequate
rigidity,
(d) Be of adequate strength to
withstand the foreseeable
impact of people and, where
appropriate, the static pressure
of people pressing against them.
(e) Be constructed to prevent
people from falling through
them, and

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Provisions Limits on application
(f) In the case of a swimming Performance F4.3.4 (f) shall not
pool, restrict the access of apply to any pool exempted under
children under 6 years of age section 5 of the Fencing of
to the pool or the immediate Swimming Pools Act 1987.
pool area.
(g) Restrict the passage of children
under 6 years of age when
provided to guard a change
of level in areas likely to be
frequented by them.
F4.3.5 Barriers to swimming
pools shall have in addition to
performance F4.3.4:
(a) All gates and doors fitted
with latching devices not
readily operated by children,
and constructed to
automatically close and latch
when released from any
stationary position 150 mm
or more from the closed and
secured position, but
excluding sliding and sliding-
folding doors that give access
to the immediate pool
surround from a building that
forms part of the barrier, and
(b) No permanent objects on the
outside of the barrier that
could provide a climbing step.

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F5 Construction and Demolition Hazards

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause F5–CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION HAZARDS

Provisions Limits on application

OBJECTIVE
F5.1 The objective of this provision
is to safeguard people from injury,
and other property from damage,
caused by construction or
demolition site hazards.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
F5.2 Construction and demolition
work on buildings shall be
performed in a manner that avoids
the likelihood of:
(a) Objects falling onto people on
or off the site,
(b) Objects falling on property off
the site,
(c) Other hazards arising on the
site affecting people off the site
and other property, and
(d) Unauthorised entry of children
to hazards on the site.
PERFORMANCE
F5.3.1 Suitable construction
methods shall be used to avoid the
likelihood of tools or materials
falling onto places where people
might be present.
F5.3.2 Where construction or
demolition work presents a hazard
in places to which the public has
access, barriers shall be provided
and shall:
(a) Be of appropriate height and
construction to prevent site
hazards from harming traffic
or passersby,
(b) Be difficult to climb,
(c) Have no openings other than
those approved by the territorial
authority for access and viewing,
(d) Have no gates or doors which
project beyond the site when
opened,

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Provisions Limits on application

(e) Contain no projection that
would be a hazard to traffic
or people, and
(f) Be clearly marked where the
barrier itself may otherwise
present a hazard to traffic
or passersby.
F5.3.3 Where a construction or
demolition site contains any
hazard which might be expected
to attract the unauthorised entry
of children, the hazard shall be
enclosed to restrict access by
children.
F5.3.4 Suitable barriers shall be
constructed to provide a safe
route for people where lifting
equipment creates a risk of
accident from objects falling on
a place of public access, or
where a similar risk results from
the height at which construction
or demolition work is being
carried out.

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F6 Lighting for Emergency

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause F6–LIGHTING FOR EMERGENCY

Provisions Limits on application

OBJECTIVE
F6.1 The objective of this provision
is to safeguard people from injury
due to inadequate lighting being
available during an emergency.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
F6.2 Buildings shall be provided Requirement F6.2 shall not apply
with adequate lighting within all to Detached Dwellings, household
escape routes in an emergency. units within Multi-unit Dwellings,
Outbuildings or Ancillary buildings.
PERFORMANCE
F6.3.1 An illuminance of 1 lux Performance F6.3.1 shall not
minimum shall be maintained at apply to spaces infrequently
floor level throughout buildings for inhabited such as plant rooms,
a period equal to 1.5 times the storage areas and service tunnels.
evacuation time or 30 minutes,
whichever is the greater.
F6.3.2 Signs to indicate escape
routes shall be provided as required
by Clause F8 “Signs”.

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F7 Warning Systems

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause F7–WARNING SYSTEMS
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
F7.1 The objective of this provision
is to safeguard people from injury
or illness due to lack of awareness
of an emergency.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
F7.2 Buildings shall be provided
with appropriate means of warning
people to escape to a safe place in
an emergency.
PERFORMANCE
F7.3.1 A means of warning must Performance F7.3 does not apply
alert people to the emergency in to Outbuildings or Ancillary
adequate time for them to reach a buildings.
safe place.
F7.3.2 Appropriate means of
detection and warning for fire
must be provided within each
household unit.
F7.3.3 Appropriate means of
warning for fire and other
emergencies must be provided in
buildings as necessary to satisfy the
other performance requirements of
this code.

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F8 Signs

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause F8–SIGNS

Provisions Limits on application

OBJECTIVE
F8.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from injury
or illness resulting from
inadequate identification of
escape routes, or of hazards
within or about the building,
(b) Safeguard people from loss of
amenity due to inadequate
direction, and
(c) Ensure that people with Objective F8.1 (c) shall apply only
disabilities are able to carry out to those buildings to which Section
normal activities and processes 47A of the Act applies. Note

within buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
F8.2 Signs shall be provided in and Requirement F8.2 shall not apply
about buildings to identify: to Detached Dwellings, or within
(a) Escape routes, household units of Multi-unit
Dwellings.
(b) Emergency related safety features,
(c) Potential hazards, and
(d) Accessible routes and facilities
for people with disabilities.
PERFORMANCE
F8.3.1 Signs shall be clearly visible
and readily understandable under
all conditions of foreseeable use.
F8.3.2 Signs indicating potential
hazards shall be provided in
sufficient locations to notify people
before they encounter the hazard.
F8.3.3 Signs to facilitate escape
shall:
(a) Be provided in sufficient
locations to identify escape
routes and guide people to a safe
place, and

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(b) Remain visible in the event of

a power failure of the main
lighting supply, for the same
duration as required by
Clause F6 “Lighting for
Emergency”.
F8.3.4 Signs shall be provided in
sufficient locations to identify
accessible routes and facilities
provided for people with
disabilities.

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G Services and Facilities

G1 Personal Hygiene

1992/150 Building Regulations 1992 53

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G1– PERSONAL HYGIENE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G1.1 The objective of this
provision is to:
(a) Safeguard people from illness
caused by infection or
contamination,
(b) Safeguard people from loss of
amenity arising from the
absence of appropriate
personal hygiene facilities, and
(c) Ensure people with disabilities are Objective G1.1(c) shall apply only
able to carry out normal to those buildings to which Section
activities and processes within 47A of the Act applies. Note
buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G1.21 Buildings shall be provided
with appropriate spaces and
facilities for personal hygiene.

PERFORMANCE
G1.3.1 Sanitary fixtures shall be
provided in sufficient number and
be appropriate for the people who
are intended to use them.
G1.3.2 Sanitary fixtures shall be
located, constructed and installed
to:
(a) Facilitate sanitation,
(b) Avoid risk of food
contamination,
(c) Avoid harbouring dirt or
germs,
(d) Provide appropriate privacy,
(e) Avoid affecting occupants of
adjacent spaces from the
presence of unpleasant odours,
accumulation of offensive
matter, or other source of
annoyance,
(f) Allow effective cleaning,

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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G2 Laundering

1992/150 Building Regulations 1992 55

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G2– LAUNDERING
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G2.1 The objective of this
provision is to ensure:
(a) Adequate amenities for people to
do laundering, and
(b) That people with disabilities are Objective G2.1(b) shall apply only
able to carry out normal to those buildings to which Section
activities and processes within 47A of the Act applies. Note
buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G2.2 Buildings shall be provided Requirement G2.2 shall apply only
with adequate space and facilities to Housing, old people’s homes,
for laundering. early childhood centres, camping
grounds and work camps.
PERFORMANCE
G2.3.1 Facilities shall have
capacity for the intended use, and
consist of fixtures, or space and
services for appliances.
G2.3.2 Space shall be adequate in
size to provide for the installation
and use of fixtures or appliances.
G2.3.3 Space and facilities shall be
provided within each
accommodation unit or may be
grouped elsewhere in a convenient
location.
G2.3.4 Accessible facilities shall be Performance G2.3.4 shall apply
provided for people with disabilities. only to camping grounds.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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G3 Food Preparation and Prevention of Contamination

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G3–FOOD PREPARATION AND PREVENTION OF
CONTAMINATION
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G3.1 The objective of this provision
is to:
(a) Safeguard people from illness
due to contamination,
(b) Enable hygienic food
preparation without loss of
amenity, and
(c) Ensure that people with Objective G3.1 (c) shall apply only
disabilities are able to carry out to those buildings to which Section
normal activities and processes 47A of the Act applies. Note
within buildings.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G3.2.1 Buildings shall be provided Requirement G3.2.1 shall apply to
with space and facilities for the Housing, work camps, old people’s
hygienic storage, preparation and homes and early childhood
cooking of food, that are adequate centres, and where appropriate
for the intended use of the building. shall also apply to Commercial and
Industrial buildings whose intended
uses include the manufacture,
preparation, packaging or storage
of food.
G3.2.2 Buildings used for the
storage, manufacture of processing
of food, including animal products,
shall be constructed to safeguard
the contents from contamination.
G3.2.3 Buildings used for the
medical treatment of humans or
animals, or the reception of dead
bodies, shall be constructed to
avoid the spread of contamination
from the building contents.
PERFORMANCE
G3.3.1 Food preparation facilities
shall be hygienic and include:
(a) Space for a refrigerator, or a Performance G3.3.1 (a) and (b)
perishable food storage area shall apply to Housing, work
capable of being cooled and camps, old people’s homes, early
protected from vermin and insects. childhood centres and Commercial
or Industrial buildings whose
intended uses include the handling
of perishable food.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(b) Means for food rinsing, utensil
washing and waste water
disposal.
(c) Means for cooking food, and Performance G3.3.1 (c) shall
apply to Housing, work camps,
old people’s homes and early
childhood centres.
(d) Space and a surface for food Performance G3.3.1 (d) shall
preparation. apply to Housing, work camps,
old people’s homes and early
childhood centres.

G3.3.2 Spaces for food

preparation and utensil washing
shall have:
(a) Interior linings and work
surfaces shall be impervious
and easily cleaned,
(b) All building elements Performance G3.3.2 (b) shall
constructed with materials apply to Housing, work camps,
which are free from hazardous old people’s homes and early
substances which could cause childhood centres, and where
contamination to the building appropriate shall also apply to
contents, and Commercial and Industrial
buildings whose intended uses
include the manufacture,
preparation, packaging or storage
of food.
(c) Exposed building elements Performance G3.3.2 (c) shall not
located and shaped to avoid apply to Housing.
the accumulation of dirt.
G3.3.3 An adequate energy supply
shall be provided, appropriately
located for use by cooking and
refrigeration appliances.
G3.3.4 Space and facilities shall
be provided within each household
unit, or grouped elsewhere in a
convenient location.
G3.3.5 Where facilities are Performance G3.3.5 shall apply
provided for people with disabilities only to camping grounds and
they shall be accessible. accessible accommodation units in
Communal Residential buildings.

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Provisions Limits on application

G3.3.6 Spaces in buildings shall Performance G3.3.6 shall apply

be protected from the likelihood to Commercial or Industrial
of contamination or vermin buildings whose intended uses
entering areas used for the storage, include the handling of perishable
processing or preparation of food, food, the medical treatment of
and shall have a means of humans or animals, the slaughter
preventing contamination of animals or the reception of
spreading from these areas to dead bodies.
other spaces.

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G4 Ventilation

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G4–VENTILATION
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G4.1 The objective of this
provision is to safeguard people
from illness or loss of amenity due
to lack of fresh air.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G4.2 Spaces within buildings shall
be provided with adequate
ventilation consistent with their
maximum occupancy and their
intended use.
PERFORMANCE
G4.3.1 Spaces within buildings
shall have means of ventilation
with outdoor air that will provide
an adequate number of air changes
to maintain air purity.
G4.3.2 Mechanical air-handling
systems shall be constructed and
maintained in a manner that
prevents harmful bacteria,
pathogens and allergens from
multiplying within them.
G4.3.3 Buildings shall have a means
of collecting or otherwise removing
the following products from the
spaces in which they are generated:
(a) Cooking fumes and odours,
(b) Moisture from laundering,
utensil washing, bathing and
showering,
(c) Odours from sanitary and
waste storage spaces,
(d) Gaseous by-products and
excessive moisture from
commercial or industrial
processes,
(e) Poisonous fumes and gases,
(f) Flammable fumes and gases,
(g) Airborne particles,
(h) Bacteria, viruses or other
pathogens, or
(i) Products of combustion.

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Provisions Limits on application

G4.3.4 Contaminated air shall be

disposed of in a way which
avoids creating a nuisance or
hazard to people and other property.
G4.3.5 The quantities of air
supplied for ventilation shall meet
the additional demands of any
fixed combustion appliances.

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G5 Interior Environment

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G5–INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G5.1 The objective of this
provision is to:
(a) Safeguard people from illness
caused by low air temperature,
(b) Safeguard people from injury
or loss of amenity caused by
inadequate activity space,
(c) Safeguard people from injury
caused by unsafe installations,
and
(d) Ensure that people with Objective G5.1 (d) shall apply to
disabilities are able to carry out those buildings to which Section
normal activities and processes 47A of the Act applies. Note
within buildings.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G5.2.1 Buildings shall be
constructed to provide:
(a) An adequate, controlled interior Requirement G5.2.1 (a) shall
temperature, apply only to habitable spaces,
bathrooms and recreation rooms
in old people’s homes and early
childhood centres.

(b) Adequate activity space for the Requirement G5.2.1 (b) shall
intended use, and apply only to old people’s homes.
(c) Accessible spaces and facilities. Requirement G5.2.1 (c) shall
apply only to Communal
Residential, Communal Non-
residential, and Commercial
buildings.
G5.2.2 Heating appliances in
buildings shall be installed in a way
that reduces the likelihood of
injury.
PERFORMANCE
G5.3.1 Habitable spaces, bathrooms Performance G5.3.1 shall apply
and recreation rooms shall have only to old people’s homes and
the provision for maintaining the early childhood centres.
internal temperature at no less
that 16ºC measured at 750 mm
above floor level, while the space is
adequately ventilated.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

G5.3.2 Heating appliances, and Performance G5.3.2 shall apply

any attached cables, pipes or only to old people’s homes and
other fittings shall be securely early childhood centres.
fixed in place.
G5.3.3 Habitable spaces shall have Performance G5.3.3 shall apply
sufficient space for activity, only to old people’s homes.
furniture, and sanitary and
mobility aids.
G5.3.4 Where reception counters Performance G5.3.4 applies only
or desks are provided for public to Communal Residential,
use, at least one counter or desk Communal Non-Residential, and
shall be accessible. Commercial buildings.
G5.3.5 Buildings shall be provided Performance G5.3.5 applies only to:
with listening systems which
(a) Communal Non-residential
enable enhanced hearing by
assembly spaces occupied by
people with hearing aids.
more than 250 people, and
(b) Any theatre, cinema, or
public hall, and
(c) Assembly spaces in old
people’s homes occupied by
more than 20 people.

G5.3.6 Enhanced listening

systems shall be identified by
signs complying the Clause F8
“Signs”.

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G6 Airborne and Impact Sound

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G7 Natural Light

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G8 Artificial Light

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G9 Electricity

66 Building Regulations 1992 1992/150

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G9–ELECTRICITY
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G9.1 The objective of this
provision is to ensure that:
(a) In buildings supplied with
electricity, the electrical
installation has safeguards
against outbreak of fire and
personal injury, and
(b) People with disabilities are able to Objective G9.1(b) shall apply only
carry out normal activities and to those buildings to which Section
processes within buildings. 47A of the Act applies. Note

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G9.2 Where provided in a
building, electrical installations shall
be safe for their intended use.

PERFORMANCE
G9.3.1 The electrical installation
shall incorporate systems to:
(a) Protect people from contact
with parts of the installation
which are live during normal
operation, and to prevent parts
of the installation or other
building elements becoming live
during fault conditions,
(b) Permit the safe isolation of the
installation and of electrical
fittings and appliances,
(c) Safeguard people from
excessive temperatures
resulting from either normal
operation of electrical
equipment, or from currents
which could exceed the
installation rating,
(d) Safeguard people from injury
which may result from
electromechanical stress in
electrical components caused
by currents in excess of the
installation rating,

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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G10 Piped Services

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G11 Gas as an Energy Source

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G12 Water Supplies

Schedule Building Amendment Regulations 2001

Schedule
New clause G12 substituted in First Schedule of
principal regulations
Clause G12–Water Supplies
Provisions Limits on application
Objective
G12.1 The objective of this provision is
to–
(a) safeguard people from illness caused
by contaminated water:
(b) safeguard people from injury caused
by hot water system explosion, or
from contact with excessively hot
water:
(c) safeguard people from loss of amenity
arising from–
(i) a lack of hot water for personal
hygiene; or
(ii) water for human consumption,
which is offensive in appearance,
odour or taste:
(d) ensure that people with disabilities are Objective G12.1(d) shall apply only to
able to carry out normal activities those buildings to which Section 47A
and functions within buildings. of the Act applies. Note

Functional requirement
G12.2 Buildings provided with water
outlets, sanitary fixtures, or sanitary
appliances must have safe and adequate
water supplies.
Performance
G12.3.1 Water intended for human
consumption, food preparation, utensil
washing, or oral hygiene must be potable
G12.3.2 A potable water supply system
shall be–
(a) protected from contamination; and
(b) installed in a manner which avoids
the likelihood of contamination
within the system and the water
main; and
(c) installed using components that will
not contaminate the water.
G12.3.3 A non-potable water supply system
used for personal hygiene shall be
installed in a manner that avoids the
likelihood of illness or injury being caused
by the system.
G12.3.4 Water pipes and outlets provided
with non-potable water shall be clearly
identified.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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Building Amendment Regulations 2001 Schedule

Provisions Limits on application

Performance–continued
G12.3.5 Sanitary fixtures and sanitary
appliances must be provided with hot
water when intended to be used for–
(a) utensil washing; and
(b) personal washing, showering, or Performance G12.3.5(b) shall apply only
bathing. to housing, retirement homes and early
childhood centres.
G12.3.6 Where hot water is provided to
sanitary fixtures and sanitary appliances,
used for personal hygiene, it must be
delivered at a temperature that avoids the
likelihood of scalding.
G12.3.7 Water supply systems must be
installed in a manner that–
(a) pipes water to sanitary fixtures and
sanitary appliances flow rates that are
adequate for the correct functioning
of those fixtures and appliances under
normal conditions; and
(b) avoids the likelihood of leakage; and
(c) allows reasonable access to
components likely to need
maintenance; and
(d) allows the system and any backflow
prevention devices to be isolated for
testing and maintenance.
G12.3.8 Vessels used for producing or
storing hot water must be provided with
safety features that–
(a) relieve excessive pressure during
both normal and abnormal
conditions; and
(b) limit temperatures to avoid the
likelihood of flash steam production
in the event of rupture.
G12.3.9 A hot water system must be
capable of being controlled to prevent the
growth of legionella bacteria.
G12.3.10 Water supply taps must be Performance G12.3.10 applies only to
accessible and usable for people with those buildings to which Section 47A of
disabilities. the Act applies. Note

Clerk of the Executive Council.

NOTE:
Section 47A is in the Building Act 1991. The equivalent
section in the Building Act 2004 is section 118.

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G13 Foul Water

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G14 Industrial Liquid Waste

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G14–INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G14.1 The objective of this
provision is to safeguard people
from injury or illness caused by
infection or contamination
resulting from industrial liquid
waste.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G14.2 Buildings in which industrial
liquid waste is generated shall be
provided with adequate spaces and
facilities for the safe and hygienic
collection, holding, treatment and
disposal of the waste.
PERFORMANCE
G14.3.1 Industrial liquid waste
shall be conveyed to storage
containers and within disposal
systems in a way which will:
(a) Transfer wastes from buildings
safely and hygienically,
(b) Avoid the likelihood of
blockage and leakage,
(c) Avoid the likelihood of foul air
and gases entering buildings,
and
(d) Provides reasonable access for
clearing of blockages.
G14.3.2 Facilities for the storage,
treatment, and disposal of
industrial liquid waste shall be
constructed:
(a) With adequate capacity for the
volume of waste and the
frequency of disposal,
(b) With adequate vehicle access
for collection if required,
(c) To avoid the likelihood of
contamination of any potable
water supplies in compliance
with Clause G12 “Water
Supplies”,

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(d) To avoid the likelihood of

contamination of soils, ground
water and waterways except
as permitted under the
Resource Management
Act 1991.
(e) From materials which are
impervious both to the waste
for which disposal is required,
and to water,
(f) To avoid the likelihood of foul
air and gases accumulating
within or entering into
buildings,
(g) To avoid the likelihood of
unauthorised access by
people, and
(h) To permit easy cleaning and
maintenance.

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G15 Solid Waste

FIRST SCHEDULE–continued
Clause G15–SOLID WASTE
Provisions Limits on application
OBJECTIVE
G15.1 The objective of this
provision is to safeguard people
from injury or illness caused by
infection or contamination from
solid waste.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
G15.2 Buildings shall be provided Requirement G15.2 shall not apply
with space and facilities for the to Detached Dwellings, household
collection, and safe hygienic units of Multi-unit Dwellings,
holding prior to disposal, of solid Outbuildings or Ancilliary buildings
waste arising from the intended use if there is independent access or
of the buildings. private open space at ground level.

PERFORMANCE
G15.3.1 Where provision is made
within buildings for the collection
and temporary holding of solid
waste, the spaces provided shall be:
(a) Of sufficient size for the
volume of waste and frequency
of disposal,
(b) Provided with reasonable
access for the depositing and
collection of the waste,
(c) Capable of maintaining
sanitary conditions having
regard to the types of waste
and storage containers, and
(d) Capable of maintaining the
appropriate temperature for the
type of waste stored.
G15.3.2 Where a rubbish chute is
provided, it shall be located and
constructed to:
(a) Convey the solid waste to an
appropriate storage container,
(b) Avoid the likelihood of
blockage or leakage,
(c) Permit easy cleaning and
maintenance,

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FIRST SCHEDULE–continued

Provisions Limits on application

(d) Avoid the likelihood of foul air

or gases accumulating or
entering the building,
(e) Avoid the likelihood of the
spread of fire beyond the
refuse chute,
(f) Have openings that allow
waste to be safely deposited in
the chute, and
(g) Restrict access by children,
animals and vermin.
G15.3.3 Where it is acceptable to
the network utility operator, solid
waste which has been suitably
treated for disposal to a sewer
may be discharged via a foul
water drain complying with
Clause G13 “Foul Water”.

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H Energy Efficiency
H1 Energy Efficiency Provisions

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Publications Referenced in Handbook

and Compliance Documents
For the purposes of New Zealand Building Code compliance, acceptable reference documents
include only the quoted edition and specific amendments as listed below.
Dates in brackets indicate that the Standard was reviewed and reissued without change that year.
Compliance Documents in which the particular references are quoted are identified by the relevant
Building Code Clause and the number of the Verification Method or Acceptable Solution.
For example: B1/VM1/AS3 indicates that the reference occurs in Verification Method 1,
and Acceptable Solution 3 of the Compliance Document for Clause B1 Structure.
Where references are quoted in the Compliance Schedule Handbook, these are identified by the
letters HB and the relevant section. For example: HB/SS 3 indicates that the reference occurs in
the content guide for SS 3 in the Compliance Schedule Handbook.
Places where the reference documents are quoted, are more specifically identified by paragraph
or table, in the reference list contained in each Compliance Document.

Contents Page
Standards New Zealand 11
Standards Australia 21
British Standards Institution 19
New Zealand Publications (other than Standards) 26
Australian Publications (other than Standards) 29
Australia/New Zealand Publications (other than Standards) 29
British Publications (other than Standards) 29
International Publications 30
US Publications 31

Where quoted
Standards New Zealand

NZS/BS 21: 1985 Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings G10/AS1, G14/VM1
where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads
(metric dimensions)
NZS/BS 143,
and BS 1256: 1993 Specification for malleable cast iron and cast copper G10/AS1, G14/VM1
alloy threaded pipe fittings
Amend: 1, 2, 3
NZS 202: 1966 Specification for steel pipes and joints for G14/VM1
hydraulic purposes
NZS 380: 1968 Specification for flameproof electric lighting fittings F6/AS1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
NZS/BS 476:- Fire tests on building materials and structures C/AS1
Part 20: 1987 Method for determination of the fire resistance of C/AS1
elements of construction (general principles)
Amend: 6487
Part 21: 1987 Methods for determination of the fire resistance C/AS1
of loadbearing elements of construction
Part 22: 1987 Methods for determination of the fire resistance C/AS1
of non-loadbearing elements of construction
NZS/BS 970:- Specification for wrought steels for mechanical
and allied engineering purposes
Part 1: 1991 General inspection and testing procedures and E1/AS1
specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese,
alloy and stainless steels
AS/NZS 1221: 1997 Fire hose reels C/AS1
AS/NZS 1260: 1999 PVC pipes and fittings for drain, waste and vent G13/AS1/AS2
applications
NZS/BS 1387: 1985 Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes G10/AS1, G12/AS1,
(1990) and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable G14/VM1
for welding or screwing to BS 21 pipe threads
AS/NZS 1477: 1999 PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications G12/AS1
AS/NZS 1530:- Methods for fire tests on building materials,
components and structures
Part 3: 1999 Simultaneous determination of ignitability, flame C/AS1
propagation, heat release and smoke release
NZS/BS 1560:- Circular flanges for pipes, valves and fittings
(class designated)
Part 3:- Steel, cast iron and copper alloy flanges
Section 3.1: 1989 Specification for steel flanges E1/AS1, G10/AS1,
G14/VM1
Section 3.2: 1989 Specification for cast iron flanges G10/AS1
AS/NZS 1646: 2000 Elastomeric seals for waterworks purposes G13/AS2

NZS/AS 1650: 1989 Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on ferrous articles B1/AS2/AS3

NZS/AS 1657: 1992 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders – D1/AS1
Design, construction and installation (known as the
SAA Code for fixed platforms, walkways, stairways,
and ladders)
AS/NZS 1664:- Aluminium structures
Part 1: 1997 Limit state design B1/VM1
Amend: 1
Part 2: 1997 Allowable stress design B1/VM1
Amend: 1

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Where quoted
AS/NZS 1668:- The use of ventilation and air conditioning in
buildings
Part 1: 1998 Fire and smoke control in multi-compartment C/AS1, F7/AS1
buildings
Part 2: 1991 Mechanical ventilation for acceptable indoor-air G4/AS1
quality
AS/NZS 1730: 1996 Washbasins G1/AS1
NZS/BS 1740:- Specification for wrought steel pipe fittings
(screwed BS 21 – R series thread)
Part 1: 1971 (1990) Metric units G10/AS1, G14/VM1
Amend: 1, 2, 3
AS/NZS 1748: Mechanically strong graded timber B1/VM1
NZS 1900: Model building bylaw
Ch 11: 1985 Special structures
Division 11.2 Farm buildings B1/VM1
Amend: 1
AS/NZS 1905:- Components for the protection of openings in
fire-resistant walls
Part 1: 1997 Fire-resistant doorsets C/AS1, HB/SS 15
AS/NZS 2023: 1995 Baths for ablutionary purposes G1/AS1
NZS/AS 2033: 1980 Installation of polyethylene pipe systems E1/AS1, G14/VM1
AS/NZS 2243:1 2005 Safety in laboratories – Planning and operational HB/SS 11
aspects
AS/NZS 2243:8 2006 Safety in laboratories – Fume cupboards HB/SS 11
AS/NZS 2269: 2004 Plywood – Structural E2/AS1
AS/NZS 2280: 1999 Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings G13/AS2
AS/NZS 2293:- Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings
Part 1: 1995 System design, installation and operation F6/AS1
Part 2: 1995 Inspection and maintenance F6/AS1, HB/SS 4
Part 3: 1995 Emergency luminaires and exit signs F6/AS1
NZS/BS 2494: 1990 Specification for elastomeric seals for joints in E1/AS1,
pipework and pipelines G13/AS1/AS2,
G14/VM1
AS/NZS 2642:- Polybutylene pipe systems
Part 1: 1994 Polybutylene (PB) pipe extrusion compounds G12/AS1
Part 2: 1994 Polybutylene (PB) pipe for hot and cold water G12/AS1
applications
Part 3: 1994 Mechanical jointing fittings for use with polybutylene G12/AS1
(PB) pipes for hot and cold water applications
Amend: 1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
NZS/BS 2654: 1989 Specification for manufacture of vertical steel G14/VM1
welded non-refrigerated storage tanks with butt-
welded shells for the petroleum industry
AS/NZS 2728: 1997 Prefinished/prepainted sheet metal products for E2/AS1
interior/exterior building applications
– Performance requirements
AS/NZS 2845:- Water supply
Part 1: 1998 Materials, design and performance requirements G12/AS1
AS/NZS 2904: 1995 Damp-proof courses and flashings E2/AS1
AS/NZS 2908: Cellulose-cement products E2/AS1
Part 2: 2000 Flat sheet
AS/NZS 2918: 2001 Domestic solid fuel burning appliances – installation C/AS1
NZS/BS 2971: 1991 Specification for Class II arc welding of carbon G10/AS1, G14/VM1
steel pipework for carrying fluids
NZS 3101:- Concrete structures standard
Part 1: 1995 The design of concrete structures B2/AS1
Amend: 1, 2, 3 B1/VM1
NZS 3106: 1986 Code of practice for concrete structures for the G14/VM1
storage of liquids
Amend: 1, 2 B1/VM1
NZS 3107: 1978 Specification for precast concrete drainage and B1/VM1, E1/AS1,
pressure pipes G13/AS2, G14/VM1
NZS 3109: 1997 Specification for concrete construction B1/AS3
Amend: 2
NZS 3112:- Methods of test for concrete
Part 2: 1986 Tests relating to the determination of strength B1/AS3
of concrete
Amend: 1
NZS 3114: 1987 Specification for concrete surface finishes D1/AS1, G15/AS1
Amend: 1
NZS 3116: 1991 Interlocking concrete block paving D1/AS1
NZS 3124: 1987 Specification for concrete construction for E1/AS1
minor works
NZS 3302: 1983 Specification for ceramic pipes, fittings and joints E1/AS1, G14/VM1
NZS 3331: 1972 Specification for quality of vitreous china sanitary G1/AS1
appliances
NZS 3402: 1989 Steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete B1/AS3
NZS 3404:- Steel structures standard
Part 1: 1997 Steel structures standard B1/VM1
NZS 3421: 1975 Specification for hard drawn mild steel wire for B1/AS3
concrete reinforcement

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Where quoted
NZS 3422: 1975 Specification for welded fabric of drawn steel wire B1/AS3
for concrete reinforcement
NZS 3441: 1978 Specification for hot-dipped zinc-coated steel coil B1/AS2/AS3,
and cut lengths E1/AS1
Amend: 1, 2 (See also NZS/AS 1397: 1993)
AS/NZS 3500:- National plumbing and drainage code
Part 1: 2003 Water services G12/VM1/AS1
Amend: 1
Part 2: 2003 Sanitary plumbing and drainage G13/AS1/VM2/AS2/
Amend: 1 AS3
Part 4: 2003 Heated water services G12/VM1/AS1
Amend: 1
NZS 3501: 1976 Specification for copper tubes for water, gas, G10/AS1,
and sanitation G13/AS1/AS2
Amend: 1, 2 and 3 G12/AS1
NZS 3502: 1976 Specification for copper and copper alloy tubes for G10/AS1
general engineering purposes
NZS 3601: 1973 Metric dimensions for timber B1/AS2
Amend: 1, 2
NZS/BS 3601: 1987 Specification for carbon steel pipes and tubes G10/AS1, G14/VM1
(1993) with specified room temperature properties for
pressure purposes
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 3602:- E2/AS1
Part 1: 1995 Timber and wood-based products for use in building B2/AS1
Part 1: 2003 Timber and wood-based products for use in building B2/AS1
NZS 3603: 1993 Timber structures standard B1/VM1/VM4
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 3604: 1999 Timber framed buildings B1/AS1/AS2/AS3,
Amend: 1 B2/AS1, E1/AS1,
E2/VM1/AS1,
G13/AS2
NZS 3605: 1992 Specification for timber piles and poles for use B1/VM4
in building
NZS 3617: 1979 Specification for profiles of weatherboards, fascia E2/AS1
boards, and flooring
NZS 3631: 1988 New Zealand timber grading rules B1/AS2
NZMP 3640: 1992 Specification of the minimum requirements of the B1/AS2/VM4
NZ Timber Preservation Council Inc.
Amend: 1
AS/NZS 3661:- Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces
Part 1: 1993 Requirements D1/VM1/AS1
Part 2: 1994 Guide to the reduction of slip hazards D1/AS1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
AS/NZS 3622: 2004 Verification of timber properties B1/VM1
AS/NZS 3666:- Air-handling and water systems of buildings
– Microbial Control
Part 1: 2002 Design, installation and commissioning HB/SS 9
Part 2: 2002 Operation and maintenance G4/AS1, HB/SS 9
Part 3: 2000 Performance-based maintenance of cooling G4/AS1, HB/SS 9
water systems
NZS/AS 3725: 1989 Loads on buried concrete pipes B1/VM1
AS/NZS 3837: 1998 Method of test for heat and smoke release rates C/AS1
for materials and products using an oxygen
consumption calorimeter
AS/NZS 3896: 1998 Waters – Examination for legionellae including HB/SS 9
Legionella pneumophila
Amend: 1
AS/NZS 4020: 2002 Testing of products for use in contact with E2/AS1
drinking water
NZS 4121: 2001 Design for access and mobility – Buildings and D1/AS1, G1/AS1,
associated facilities G5/AS1
AS/NZS 4130: 1997 Polyethylene (PE) pipe for pressure applications G12/AS1, G13/AS2
AS/NZS 4200: Pliable building membranes and underlays E2/AS1
Part 1: 1994 – Materials
AS/NZS 4201: Pliable building membranes and unerlays E2/AS1
– Methods of test
Part 3: 1994 Pliable building membranes and underlays:
Methods of test: Shrinkage
Part 4: 1994 Resistance to water penetration
Part 6: 1994 Surface water absorbency
NZS 4203: 1984 Code of practice for general structural design and B1/VM1, G10/AS1
design loadings for buildings
Amend: 1
NZS 4203: 1992 Code of practice for general structural design B1/VM1/VM4, C/AS1,
and design loadings for buildings E2/VM1/AS1
Corrigendum: 1
NZS 4206: 1992 Concrete interlocking roofing tiles E2/AS1
NZS 4210: 1989 Code of practice for masonry construction: materials B1/AS3
and workmanship
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 4211: 1985 Specification for performance of windows B1/VM1,
Amend: 1, 2, 3 E2/VM1/AS1
NZS 4214: 1977 Methods of determining the total thermal resistance E3/AS1, G5/AS1,
of parts of buildings H1/VM1/AS1

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
NZS 4217:- Pressed metal tile roofs
Part 1: 1980 Specification for roofing tiles and their accessories E2/AS1
Part 2: 1980 Code of practice for preparation of the structure E2/AS1
and the laying and fixing of metal roofing tiles
NZS 4218: 1996 Energy efficiency – housing and small building H1/VM1/AS1
envelope
NZS 4219: 1983 Specification for seismic resistance of engineering B1/VM1,
systems in buildings G10/AS1, G14/VM1
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 4223:- Code of practice for glazing in buildings
Part 1: 1985 The selection and installation of glass in buildings B1/AS1
Amend: 1, 2
Part 2: 1985 The selection and installation of manufactured B1/AS1
sealed insulating glass units
Amend: 1, 2
Part 3: 1999 Human impact safety requirements B1/AS1, F2/AS1
NZS 4229: 1999 Concrete masonry buildings not requiring specific B1/AS1/AS3,
engineering design E1/AS1, G13/AS2
Amend: 1
NZS 4230:- Code of practice for the design of masonry
structures
Part 1: 1990 Structures B1/VM1
Amend: 1, 2
Part 2: 1990 Commentary B1/VM1
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 4231: 1985 Specification for self-luminous exit signs F8/AS1
Amend: A
NZS 4232:- Performance criteria for fire resisting enclosures HB/SS 15
Part 2: 1988 Fire resisting glazing systems C/AS1
NZS HB 4236: 2002 Masonary veneer wall cladding E2/AS1
NZS 4239: 1993 Automatic sliding door assemblies HB/SS 3
Amend: A
NZS 4243: 1996 Energy efficiency – large buildings H1/VM1/AS1
NZS 4251:- Solid plastering
Part 1: 1998 Cement plaster for walls, ceilings and soffits B1/AS1, B2/AS1,
E2/AS1
AS/NZS 4256: Plastic roof and wall cladding materials E2/AS1
Part 2: 1994 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)
building sheets
AS/NZS 4284: 1995 Testing of building facades E2/VM1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
NZS 4297: 1998 Engineering design for earth buildings B1/VM1, B2/AS1
NZS 4299: 1998 Earth buildings not requiring specific design B1/AS1, B2/AS1
Amend: 1
NZS 4303: 1990 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality G4/AS1
NZS 4304: 1990 Health care waste management G15/AS1
NZS 4305: 1996 Energy efficiency – domestic type hot water systems H1/AS1
NZS 4332: 1997 Non-domestic passenger and goods lifts D2/AS1, F6/AS1,
HB/SS 8
AS/NZS 4401(Int): 1999 High density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes and G13/AS1
fittings for soil and waste discharge (low and high
temperature) systems inside buildings
NZS 4402:- Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes B1/VM1
Part 2:- Soil classification tests
Test 2.2: 1986 Determination of the liquid limit B1/Defs
Test 2.6: 1986 Determination of the linear shrinkage B1/Defs
Part 4:- Soil compaction tests
Test 4.2.3: 1988 Related densities B1/VM4
NZS 4431: 1989 Code of practice for earth fill for residential B1/VM1
development
Amend: 1
NZS 4442: 1988 Welded steel pipes and fittings for water, sewage E1/AS1, G13/AS2,
and medium pressure gas G14/VM1
NZS 4452: 1986 Code of practice for the construction of underground G14/VM1
pipe sewers and drains
Amend: 1 B1/AS1, E1/AS1
NZS 4503: 1993 The distribution, installation and maintenance of hand C/AS1
operated fire fighting equipment for use in buildings
NZS/BS 4504:- Circular flanges for pipes, valves and fittings
(PN designated)
Part 3:- Steel, cast iron and copper alloy flanges
Section 3.2: 1989 Specification for cast iron flanges G10/AS1, G14/VM1
NZS 4510: 1998 Fire hydrant systems for buildings C/AS1, HB/SS 6
NZS 4512: 2003 Fire alarm systems in buildings C/AS1, HB/SS 2,
HB/SS 15, F7/AS1
NZS 4515: 2003 Fire sprinkler systems for residential occupancies C/AS1, HB/SS 1,
F7/AS1
AS/NZS 4534: 1998 Zinc and zinc/aluminium-alloy coatings on E2/AS1
steel wire

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
NZS 4541: 2003 Automatic fire sprinkler systems C/AS1, F7/AS1
HB/SS 1
AS/NZS 4600: 1996 Cold-formed steel structures B1/VM1
NZS 4602: 1988 Low pressure copper thermal storage electric G12/AS1
water heaters
Amend: 1
NZS 4603: 1985 Installation of low pressure thermal storage G12/AS1
electric water heaters with copper cylinders
(open vented systems)
Amend: 1
NZS 4606:- Storage water heaters
Part 1: 1989 General requirements G12/AS1
Amend: 1, 2, 3
Part 2: 1989 Specific requirements for water heaters with
single shells
Amend: A G12/AS1
Part 3: 1992 Specific requirements for water heaters with
composite shells
Amend: A G12/AS1
NZS 4607: 1989 Installation of thermal storage electric water heaters: G12/AS1
valve vented systems
NZS 4608: 1992 Control valves for hot water systems G12/AS1
NZS 4613: 1986 Domestic solar water heaters G12/AS1
NZS 4617: 1989 Tempering (3-port mixing) valves G12/AS1
AS/NZS 4680: 1999 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated E2/AS1
ferrous articles
AS/NZS 4858: 2004 Wet area membranes E2/AS1
NZS/BS 5252: 1976 Framework for colour co-ordination for building F8/AS1
purposes
Amend: 1
NZS 5261: 1996 The installation of gas burning appliances and G4/AS1
equipment
NZS 5261: 2003 Gas installation C/AS1, G10/VM1/
Amend: 1 AS1, G11/AS1
NZS 5433: 1988 Code of practice for transportation of hazardous F3/AS1
substances on land
NZS/BS 5500: 1991 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure G14/VM1
vessels

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
NZS/BS 5556: 1978 Specification for general requirements for G14/VM1
dimensions and pressure ratings for pipe of
thermoplastics materials (metric series)
NZS 5807:- Code of practice for industrial identification by
colour, wording or other coding
Part 2: 1980 Identification of contents of piping, conduit and ducts G10/AS1
Amend: 1, 2 G12/AS1
NZS 6104: 1981 Specification for emergency electricity supply C/AS1, F6/AS1
in buildings HB/SS 4, SS 14
NZS 6214: 1988 Thermostats and thermal cutouts for domestic G12/AS1
thermal storage electric water heaters
(alternating current only)
NZS 6335: 1993 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances. G12/AS1
Particular requirements for instantaneous water
heaters
Amend: 1, 2
NZS 6401: 1973 Specification for PVC-insulated cables for electric G12/AS1
power and lighting
NZS 6703: 1984 Code of practice for interior lighting design F6/VM1,
G7/AS1/VM1,
G8/VM1
NZS 6742: 1971 Code of practice for emergency lighting in buildings F6/AS1, F8/AS1,
HB/SS 4
NZS/BS 6920:- Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact
with water intended for human consumption with
regard to their effect on the quality of the water
Part 1: 1990 Specification G12/AS1
Part 2: 1990 Methods of tests G12/AS1
Part 3: 1990 High temperature tests G12/AS1
NZS 7401: 1985 Specification for solid fuel burning domestic B1/AS3
appliances
Amend: 1
NZS 7421: 1990 Specification for installation of solid fuel burning B1/AS3
domestic appliances
NZS 7601: 1978 Specification for polyethylene pipe (Type 3) for G12/AS1, G14/VM1
cold water services
NZS 7602: 1977 Specification for polyethylene pipe (Type 5) for cold G14/VM1
water services
Amend: 1 G12/AS1

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
NZS 7604: 1981 Specification for high density polyethylene drain E1/AS1, G14/VM1
and sewer pipe and fittings
NZS 7609:- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipes and
fittings for pressure applications
Part 1: 1990 Pipes E1/AS1, G14/VM1
Amend: A
Part 2: 1990 Solvent cement fittings E1/AS1, G14/VM1
Amend: A
NZS 7610: 1991 Blue polyethylene pipes up to nominal size 63 for G14/VM1
below ground use for potable water
Amend: 1, 2, A G12/AS1
NZS 7641: 1978 Specification for unplasticized PVC waste and G14/VM1
ventilating pipe, fittings and accessories
32 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm
NZS 7642: 1971 Specification for unplasticized PVC soil and E1/AS1, G14/VM1
ventilating pipe, fittings and accessories
Amend: A, 1, 1A, 2, 2A
NZS 7643: 1979 Code of practice for the installation of unplasticized B1/AS1, E1/AS1,
PVC pipe systems G12/AS1,
Amend: 1 G13/AS1/AS2/AS3,
G14/VM1
NZS 7646: 1978 Specification for polyethylene pipes and fittings for G10/AS1
gas reticulation
NZS 7648: 1987 Unplasticized PVC pipe and fittings for pressure G14/VM1
applications
NZS 7649: 1988 Unplasticized PVC sewer and drain pipe and fittings E1/AS1, G14/VM1
NZS 7652: 1976 Specification for plastics waste traps G14/VM1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
Standards Australia

AS D26: 1972 Tube fittings with Dryseal American standard G10/AS1

taper pipe and unified threads for automotive
and industrial use
AS 1088.4: 1987 Hearing aids – magnetic field strength in audio- HB/SS 12
frequency induction loops for hearing aid purposes
AS 1159: 1988 Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications G14/VM1
AS 1167:- Welding and brazing – Filler metals
Part 1: 1993 Filler metal for brazing and braze welding G10/AS1
AS 1214: 1983 Hot-dip galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners B1/AS2
(ISO metric coarse thread series)
AS 1229: 1989 Laundry troughs G2/AS1
AS 1254: 1991 Unplasticised PVC (uPVC) pipes and fittings for E1/AS1
storm and surface water applications
AS 1273: 1991 Unplasticized PVC (uPVC) downpipe and fittings E1/AS1
for rainwater
AS 1308: 1987 Electric water heaters – Thermostats and thermal G12/AS1
cut-outs Amend: 1
AS 1357:- Water valves for use with unvented water heaters
Part 1: 1993 Protection valves Amend: 1 G12/AS1
Part 2: 1998 Control valves G12/AS1
AS 1366:- Rigid cellular plastics sheets for thermal insulation
Part 1: 1992 Rigid cellular polyurethane (RC/PUR) C/AS1
Amend: 1
Part 2: 1992 Rigid cellular polyisocyanurate (RC/PIR) C/AS1
Part 3: 1992 Rigid cellular polystyrene – moulded (RC/PS-M) C/AS1, E2/AS1
Amend: 1
Part 4: 1989 Rigid cellular polystyrene – extruded (RC/PS-E) C/AS1, E2/AS1
AS 1397: 2001 Steel sheet and strip – Hot-dip zinc-coated or E2/AS1
aluminium/zinc-coated
AS 1432: 1990 Copper tubes for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage G10/AS1
applications
AS 1449: 1994 Wrought alloy steels – Stainless and heat-resisting G1/AS1
steel plate, sheet and strip
Amend: 1
AS 1460:- Fittings for use with polyethylene pipes
Part 1: 1989 Mechanical jointing fittings G12/AS1, G14/VM1
Part 2: 1989 Electrofusion fittings G12/AS1, G14/VM1

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
AS 1530:- Methods for fire tests on building materials,
components and structures
Part 1: 1994 Combustibility test for materials C/AS1, F3/Defs
Part 2: 1993 Test for flammability of materials C/AS1
Part 4: 1997 Fire-resistance tests of elements of building C/AS1
construction
AS 1566: 1997 Cooper and copper alloys – Rolled flat products E2/AS1
AS 1579: 1993 Arc welded steel pipes and fittings for water and G13/AS2
waste water
AS 1589: 1994 Copper and copper alloy waste fittings G13/AS1
AS 1668:- The use of mechanical ventilation and air- G4/AS1
conditioning in buildings
Part 2: 2002 Ventilation design for indoor-air containment control G4/AS1
AS 1670:- Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems
– System design, installation and commissioning
Part 6: 1997 Smoke alarms F7/AS1
AS 1691: 1985 Domestic oil-fired appliances – installation C/AS1
AS 1727: 1975 Tank containers (international sizes) G14/VM1
AS/NZS 1734: 1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Flat sheet, E2/AS1
coiled sheet and plate
AS 1741: 1991 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings with flexible joints – E1/AS1
Sewerage quality
AS 1768: 1991 Lightning protection (incorporating Amdt 1) F3/AS1
AS 1804: 1976 Soft lead sheet and strip E2/AS1
AS 1851: 2005 Maintenance of fire protection equipment HB/SS 1, SS 2,
SS 5, SS 9, SS 13,
SS 15
AS 2032: 1997 Installation of uPVC pipe systems G13/AS2/AS3
AS 2049: 2002 Roof tiles E2/AS1
AS 2050: 2002 Installation of roof tiles E2/VM1
AS 2159: 1995 Rules for the design and installation of piling B1/VM4
Amend: 1
AS 2220:- Emergency warning and intercommunication
systems in buildings
Part 1: 1989 Equipment design and manufacture C/AS1
Part 2: 1989 System design, installation and commissioning C/AS1
AS 2280: 1991 Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings E1/AS1
AS 2712: 1993 Solar water heaters – Design and construction G12/AS1
AS 2845:- Water supply – Mechanical backflow prevention
devices
Part 3: 1993 Field testing and maintenance G12/AS1, HB/SS 7

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
AS 2887: 1993 Plastic waste fittings G13/AS1
AS 2890:- Off-street parking
Part 1: 1993 Car parking facilities D1/AS1
Part 2: 1989 Commercial vehicle facilities D1/AS1
AS 3147: 1992 Approval and test specification – Electric cables G12/AS1
– Thermoplastic insulated for working voltages
up to and including 0.6/1kV
Amend: 1, 2, 3
AS 3518:- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipes and
fittings for pressure applications
Part 1: 1988 Pipes G13/AS2
Part 2: 1988 Solvent cement fittings G13/AS2
AS 3566 Self-drilling screws for the building and E2/AS1
construction industries
Part 2: 2002 Corrosion resistance
AS 3571: 1989 Glass filament reinforced thermosetting plastics G13/AS2
(GRP) pipes: Polyester based: Water supply,
sewerage and drainage applications
AS 3588: 1989 Shower bases and shower modules G1/AS1
AS 3688: 1994 Water supply – Copper and copper alloy compression G10/AS1
and capillary fittings and threaded end connectors
AS 3706:- Geotextiles – Methods of test
Part 1: 1990 General requirements, sampling, conditioning, basic E1/VM1
physical properties and statistical analysis
AS 3730 Guide to the properties of paints for buildings E2/AS1
AS 3786: 1993 Smoke alarms F7/AS1
Amends: 1, 2, 3
AS 4020: 2005 Testing of products for use in contact with G12/AS1
drinking water
AS 4046 Methods of testing roof tiles
Part 9: 2002 Determination of dynamic weather resistance
AS 4072:- Components for the protection of openings in C/AS1
fire-resistant separating elements
Part 1: 1992 Service penetrations and control joints C/AS1
AS 4085: 1992 Automatic sliding door assemblies HB/SS 3
AS 4178: 1994 Electromagnetic door holders HB/SS 3
AS 4139: 1993 Fibre reinforced concrete pipes and fittings G13/AS2
AS 4276:-
Part 3.1: 1995 Water plate microbiology – Pour plate method HB/SS 9
using plate count agar
AS 4290: 2000 Design and installation of revolving doors HB/SS 3

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
British Standards Institution

BS 10: 1962 Specification for flanges and bolting for pipes, G10/AS1
valves and fittings
BSDD 175: 1988 Code of practice for the identification of potentially F1/VM1
contaminated land and its investigation
BS 437: 1978 Specification for cast iron spigot and socket drain G13/AS2
pipes and fittings
Amend: 5877
BS 585:- Wood stairs
Part 1: 1989 Specification for stairs with closed risers for domestic D1/AS1
use, including straight and winder flights and quarter
or half landings
BS EN 988: 1997 Zinc and zinc alloys. Specification for rolled flat E2/AS1
products for building
BS 1470: 1987 Specification for wrought aluminium and aluminium E1/AS1
alloys for general engineering purposes: plate,
sheet and strip
Amend: 6032
BS 1600: 1992 Specification for dimensions of steel pipe for the G14/VM1
petroleum industry
BS 1640:- Specification for steel butt-welding pipe fittings
for the petroleum industry
Part 3: 1968 Wrought carbon and ferritic alloy steel fittings. G10/AS1, G14/VM1
Metric units
Amend: 905
Part 4: 1968 Wrought and cast austenitic chromium-nickel steel G10/AS1, G14/VM1
fittings. Metric units
BS 1723:- Brazing
Part 1: 1986 Specification for brazing G10/AS1
BS 1845: 1984 Specification for filler metals for brazing G10/AS1
BS 1965:- Specification for butt-welding pipe fittings for G14/VM1
pressure purposes
Part 1: 1963 Carbon steel G14/VM1
Amend: 5474, 4169
BS 2594: 1975 Specification for carbon steel welded horizontal G14/VM1
cylindrical storage tanks
BS 2598:- Glass plant, pipeline and fittings
Part 1: 1980 Specification for properties of borosilicate glass 3.3 G14/VM1
Part 2: 1980 Specification for testing, handling and use G14/VM1
Part 3: 1980 Specification for pipeline and fittings of nominal bore G14/VM1
15 to 150 mm: compatibility and interchangeability
Part 4: 1980 Specification for glass plant components G14/VM1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
BS 2640: 1982 Specification for Class II oxy-acetylene welding G10/AS1, G14/VM1
of carbon steel pipework for carrying fluids
BS 2870: 1980 Specification for rolled copper and copper alloys: E1/AS1
sheet, strip and foil
BS 3799: 1974 Specification for steel pipe fittings, screwed and G10/AS1,G14/VM1
(1994) socket-welding for the petroleum industry
BS 4741: 1971 Specification for vertical cylindrical welded steel G14/VM1
storage tanks for low-temperature service: single
wall tanks for temperatures down to –50°C
BS 4790: 1996 Method for determination of the effects of a small C/AS1
source of ignition on textile floor coverings
(hot metal nut method)
BS 4991: 1974 Specification for propylene copolymer pressure pipe G14/VM1
BS 4994: 1987 Specification for design and construction of vessels G14/VM1
and tanks in reinforced plastics
BS 5287: 1996 Specification for assessment and labelling of textile C/AS1
floor coverings tested to BS 4790
BS 5378:- Safety signs and colours
Part 1: 1980 Specification for colour and design F8/AS1
BS 5395:- Stairs, ladders and walkways
Part 2: 1984 Code of practice for the design of helical and D1/AS1
spiral stairs
BS 5446:- Components of automatic fire alarm systems
for residential premises
Part 1: 1990 Specification for self-contained smoke alarms F7/AS1
and point-type smoke detectors
Amends: 6863, 7648, 9628
BS 5572: 1978 Code of practice for sanitary pipework G13/VM1
BS 6037:- Code of practice for the Planning, design,
installation and use of permanently installed
access equipment
Part 1: 2003 Suspended access equipment HB/SS 10
Part 2: 2004 Travelling ladders and gantries HB/SS 10
BS 6283:- Safety devices for use with hot water systems
Part 1: 1991 Specification for expansion valves for pressures G12/AS1
up to and including 10 bar
Part 3: 1991 Specification for combined temperature and pressure G12/AS1
relief valves for pressures up to and including 10 bar
Part 4: 1991 Specification for drop-tight pressure reducing valves G12/AS1
of nominal size up to and including DN 54 for supply
for pressures up to and including 12 bar

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
BS 6374:- Lining of equipment with polymeric materials
for the process industries
Part 1: 1985 Specification for lining with sheet thermoplastics G14/VM1
Part 2: 1984 Specification for lining with non-sheet applied G14/VM1
thermoplastics
Part 3: 1984 Specification for lining with stoved G14/VM1
thermosetting resins
Part 4: 1984 Specification for lining with cold curing G14/VM1
thermosetting resins
Part 5: 1985 Specification for lining with rubbers G14/VM1
BS 6464: 1984 Specification for reinforced plastics pipes, fittings G14/VM1
and joints for process plants
BS 6538: 1987 Air permeanence of paper and board E2/AS1
Part 3: 1987 Method for determination of air permeanence
using the Garley apparatus
BS 6561: 1985 Specification for zinc alloy sheet and strip E1/AS1
for building
BS 6925: 1988 Specification for mastic asphalt for building E2/AS1
and civil engineering (limestone aggregate)
BS 7159: 1989 Code of practice for design and construction G14/VM1
of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping systems
for individual plants or sites
BS 8004: 1986 Code of practice for foundations B1/VM4

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
New Zealand Publications

Building Research Association of New Zealand

BRANZ Bulletin 330: 1995 Thin flooring materials – 2. Preparation E2/AS1
and laying.
Appendix 1
BRANZ Bulletin 411: 2001 Recommended timber cladding profiles E2/AS1
BRANZ EM 4: 2005 Evaluation method for jointing systems for flush E2/AS1
finished fibre cement sheet
BRANZ EM 5: 2005 Evaluation method for adhesives and seam tapes E2/AS1
for butyl and EPDM rubber membranes
BRANZ House Insulation Guide: 1995 E3/AS1,
H1/VM1/AS
BRANZ Paper C1: 1978 A construction guide to home insulation E3/AS1
(second edition)
BRANZ Technical paper P36: 1983 Food processing floors, a guide to G3/AS1
design, materials and construction. W.R. Sharman
ALF Manual: 1990 Annual loss factor design manual. An aid to thermal H1/VM1/Defs
design of buildings. M.R. Bassett, R.C. Bishop and
I.S. van der Werff

Government Departments and Agencies

Department of Labour
Workplace exposure standards and biological indices for F1/VM1, G4/VM1
New Zealand: 1992

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries

MQ 1: 1988 Qual approvals manual G3/AS1

Ministry of Economic Development

NZECP 34: 2001 Electrical safety distances G9/VM1
NZECP 36: 1993 Harmonic levels G9/VM1
NZECP 51: 2004 Homeowner/occupier’s electrical wiring work G9/AS1
in domestic installations
NZECP 54: 2001 Installation of recessed luminaires and auxiliary C/AS1, G9/AS1
equipment

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Publications Referenced ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Where quoted
Ministry of Transport
Power Lift Rules: 1989 D2/AS2, HB/SS 8
Rules for power lifts not exceeding 750 watts (one horsepower): 1985 D2/AS2, HB/SS 8

New Zealand Forest Research Institute

Measurement of moisture content of assembled timber framing: 1993 E2/AS1

New Zealand Meteorological Service

Average degree-day tables – selected NZ stations. (Miscellaneous H1/Defs
publication 159, 1978)

COMMENT:
This publication is no longer available, but the relevant information is summarised in
the Degree-days data sheets of the BRANZ ALF Manual.

Transit NZ
Bridge manual: Design and evaluation: 1994 B1/VM1
Amend: 1

New Zealand Legislation

Fencing of Swimming Pools Act 1987 F4/AS1
Fire Safety and Evacuation of Buildings Regulations 1992 C/AS1
Gas Regulations 1993 G12/AS1
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 F3/VM1
Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations 2001 F3/VM1
Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations 2001 F3/VM1
Hazardous Substances (Dangerous Goods and Scheduled F3/VM1
Toxic Substances) Transfer Notice 2004
Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations 2001 F3/VM1
Health & Safety in Employment Act 1992 HB/SS 9
Resource Management Act 1991 E1/VM1

New Zealand Geomechanics Society

Guidelines for the field descriptions of soils and rocks in engineering B1/VM1
use. Nov 1988
New Zealand Concrete Masonry Manual: 1999 Cement and Concrete E2/AS1
Association of New Zealand
New Zealand Metal Roof and Wall Cladding Code of Practice: 2003 E2/AS1
New Zealand Metal Roofing Manufacturers Inc

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
Australian Publications

Building Control Commission, State of Victoria, Australia

Smoke management in large spaces in buildings: 1998 C/AS1
Milke and Klote

Australia/NZ Publications

Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation

Council
Guidelines for assessment and management of contaminated F1/VM1
sites: 1992

British Publications

Building Research Establishment (UK)

BRE Defect action sheet DAS 131: May 1989 C/AS1
External walls: Combustible external plastics insulation:
Horizontal fire barriers
BRE Report 135: 1988 C/AS1
Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls in
multi-storey buildings. Rogowski B.F., Ramaprasad R., Southern J.R.
BRE Report 186: 1990 C/AS1
Design principles for smoke ventilation in enclosed shopping centres.
Morgan and Gardner
BRE Report 258: 1992 C/AS1
Design approaches for smoke control in atrium buildings.
Hansell and Morgan

Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London

CIBSE Code Series A: 1996 G4/VM1
Air distribution systems

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Where quoted
International Publications

EIFS Industry Members Association

EIMA 101.91: 1992 Standard Guide for resin of resin coated glass fibre E2/AS1
mesh in exterior insulation and finish systems
(EIFS), Class PB.

The European Committee for Standardisation

EN 81:- Safety rules for the construction and installation
of lifts
Part 1: 1998 Electric lifts D2/AS1, HB/SS 8
Part 2: 1998 Hydraulic lifts D2/AS1, HB/SS 8
EN 115: 1983 Safety rules for the construction of escalators and D2/AS3, HB/SS 8
passenger conveyors
EN 12380: 1999 Air admittance valves for drainage systems G13/AS1
– Requirements and test methods
Eurocode DD ENV 1991-2-2: 1996
Eurocode 1: Basis of design actions on structures
Part 2.2: Actions on structures exposed to fire C/AS1

International Standards Organisation, Geneva

ICBO Evaluation Services Inc AC148: Acceptance criteria for E2/AS1
flashing materials
ISO 140/VII: 1978 Field measurements of impact sound insulation G6/VM1
of floors
ISO 834: 1975 Fire resistance tests – elements of building C/AS1
construction
ISO 3008: 1976 Fire resistance tests – door and shutter assemblies C/AS1
ISO 3009: 1976 Fire resistance tests – glazed elements C/AS1
ISO 9223: 1992 Corrosion of metals and alloys; corrosivity of E2/AS1
atmospheres; classification
ISO 11600: 2002 Building Construction – Jointing products E2/AS1
Classification and requirements for sealants
ISO/TS 15510: 2003 Stainless steels – chemical composition E2/AS1

Underwriters Laboratories Inc

UL 217: 1997 Single and multiple station smoke alarms F7/AS1

Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada

CAN/ULC S531: 1995 Smoke alarms F7/AS1

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Publications Referenced

Where quoted
World Health Organisation/Food and Agriculture Organisation
Environmental Health Criteria 70
“Environment health criteria” for various chemicals F1/VM1
Evaluation of certain food additives and F1/VM1
contaminants, Technical report series 776
Geneva: 1989
IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic F1/VM1
risks to humans for individual chemicals, groups
of chemicals, or processes. Published by the
International Agency for Research on Cancer
Principles for the safety assessment of food F1/VM1
additives and contaminants in food,
Geneva: 1987

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Where quoted
United States of America Publications

American Iron and Steel Institute

Fire-safe structural steel – a design guide: 1983 C/AS1

American National Standards Institute and

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ANSI/ASME B16.1: 1989 Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings, G10/AS1
Class 25, 125, 250 and 800
ANSI/ASME B16.3: 1985 Malleable-iron threaded fittings, G10/AS1, G14/VM1
Classes 150 and 300
ANSI/ASME B16.5: 1988 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings, steel-nickel G10/AS1, G14/VM1
alloy and other special alloys
ANSI/ASME B16.9: 1990 Factory-made wrought steel butt-welding G10/AS1, G14/VM1
fittings
ANSI/ASME B31.3: 1990 Chemical plant and petroleum refinery piping G14/VM1
ANSI B2.1: 1968 Screwing and socketing G14/VM1
ANSI B16.11: 1980 Forged steel fittings, socket-welding and threaded G10/AS1, G14/VM1
ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code-VIII pressure vessels G14/VM1

American Petroleum Institute

API SPEC 5L: 1991 Specification for line pipe G10/AS1, G14/VM1
API STD 620: 1990 Design and construction of large, welded, G14/VM1
low-pressure storage tanks
API STD 650: 1988 Welded steel tanks for oil storage G14/VM1
API STD 1104: 1988 Welding of pipelines and related facilities G10/AS1, G14/VM1

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Design of smoke management systems. Klote and Milke 1992 C/AS1

American Society of Sanitary Engineers

ASSE 1050: 1991 Performance requirements for air admittance G13/AS1
valves for plumbing DWV systems stack
type devices
ASSE 1051: 1992 Performance requirements for air admittance G13/AS1
valves for plumbing drainage systems

American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM A 53 – 90a Specification for pipe, steel, black and hot-dipped, G10/AS1, G14/VM1
zinc-coated welded and seamless

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Where quoted
ASTM A 106 – 91a Specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for G10/AS1
high temperature service
ASTM C 236: 1987 Standard test method for steady state thermal E3/AS1
performance of building assemblies by means
of a guarded hot box
ASTM D 1143: 1981 Test method for piles under static axial B1/VM4
compressive load
ASTM C 1330: 2002 Standard Specification for Cylindrical Sealant E2/AS1
Backing for use with Cold Liquid Applied Sealants
ASTM C 1549: 2002 Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar E2/AS1
Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a
Portable Solar Reflectometer
ASTM D 1667: 1997 Standard Test Specification for Flexible Cellular E2/AS1
Materials – Vinyl Chloride Polymers and
Capolymers (Closed-cell foam)
ASTM D 2240: 2003 Standard Test method for Rubber Property E2/AS1
ASTM D 6134: 1997 Standard Specification for Vulcanised Rubber
Sheets Used in Waterproofing Systems
ASTM E 96: 1992 Standard test methods for water vapour E2/AS1
transmission of materials
ASTM E 336: 1990 Method for measurement of airborne sound G6/VM1
insulation in buildings
ASTM E 413: 1987 Classification for rating sound insulation G6/VM1
ASTM E 492: 1990 Test method for laboratory measurement of G6/VM1
impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling
assemblies using a tapping machine
ASTM E 903: 1996 Standard Test Method for Solar Absorbance, E2/AS1
Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using
Integrating Spheres
ASTM E 989: 1989 Classification for determination of impact insulation G6/VM1
class (IIC)
ASTM E 2098: 2000 Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile E2/AS1
Breaking Strength of Glass Fibre Reinforcing Mesh
for Use in Class PB Exterior Insulation and Finish
Systems (EIFS), after Exposure to a Sodium
Hydroxide Solution
ASTM E 2134: 2001 Standard Test Method for Evaluation the Tensile- E2/AS1
Adhesion Performance of an Exterior Insulation
amd Finish System (EIFS)

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Where quoted
ASTM G 154: 2000 Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light E2/AS1
Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials
ASTM G 155: 2000 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light E2/AS1
Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials

International Conference of Building Officials, America

Uniform Building Code Standard 4.1: 1997 C/AS1
Proscenium fire safety curtains
Uniform Building Code Standard 26-2: 1997
Test method for the evaluation of thermal barriers C/AS1

National Fire Protection Association of America

NFPA 92B: 1995 Guide for smoke management systems in malls, C/AS1, F6/AS1
atria and large areas
NFPA 285: 1998 Standard method of test for the evaluation of C/AS1
flammability characteristics of exterior non load
bearing wall assemblies containing components
using the intermediate scale, multi-storey
test apparatus

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

USEPA SW 846: 1986 Test methods for evaluating solid waste F1/VM1
EPA/540/1 – 89/002: 1989 Risk assessment guidance for Superfund, F1/VM1
Vol 1. Human health evaluation manual (Part A)
Interim final. Prepared by USEPA Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response
Federal Specification Standard TT-S-00230C: Elastomeric type, cold E2/AS1
applied single component for caulking, sealing,
and glazing in buildings, building areas (plazas,
decks, pavements, and other structures)
Cross-connection Control Manual: 1989 HB/SS 7

United States Public Health Service

Toxicological profiles on individual chemicals. Prepared by the Agency F1/VM1
for Toxicological Substances and Disease Registry, in collaboration with
the US Environmental Protection Agency

Miscellaneous Publication
Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology. The basic science of poisons. 4th ed. F1/VM1
Macmillan. New York 1991. Klassen CD, Amdur MO, Doull J (Eds)

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Definitions
Many of the definitions in this section come from the Building Act 2004, regulations, including
the Building Code, and Compliance Documents. Although every effort has been made to ensure
definitions are accurate at the time of publication, it is possible that definitions may become out
of date as changes occur to the legislation and Compliance Documents. In the event there is any
discrepancy between the definitions in this section and the definitions in the legislation or
Compliance Documents, the definitions in the legislation and Compliance Documents will prevail.
Note that some legislation and Compliance Documents may contain different definitions for the
terms listed below. When using particular legislation or a Compliance Document, reference should
be made to the definitions provided in that document.
Source Key:
BA04 Building Act 2004
BR1 Building Regulations 1992
BR2 Building (Specified Systems, Change the Use, and Earthquake-prone Buildings)
Regulations 2005
Code New Zealand Building Code
EA Electricity Act 1992
FSA Fire Service Act 1975
HB Handbook
HSNOA Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996
LGA Local Government Act 1974 or 2002
PGDA Plumbers, Gasfitters, and Drainlayers Act 1976
RA Railway Act 2005
RMA Resource Management Act 1991
CD-(Code clause) Compliance Document for given Code clause (eg, CD-G13)
DG Builidng Consent Authority Development Guide

Definition Source

A
Abutment The part of the valley side against which the dam is constructed. DG
Acceptable risk The level of risk the public is prepared to accept without DG
further management. The risk is the combination of the probability and the
consequence of a specified hazardous event.
Acceptable Solution means a solution that must be accepted as complying BA04
with the Building Code.
Access chamber A chamber with working space at drain level through CD-E1, CD-G13
which the drain passes either as an open channel or as a pipe incorporating
an inspection point.
Access point A place where access may be made to a drain or discharge pipe CD-G13
for inspection, cleaning or maintenance; and may include a cleaning eye,
inspection point, rodding point, inspection chamber or access chamber.
Access route A continuous route that permits people and goods to move Code
between the apron or construction edge of the building to spaces within
a building, and between spaces within a building.

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Definition Source

Accessible Having features to permit use by people with disabilities. Code

Accessible route An access route usable by people with disabilities. Code
It shall be a continuous route that can be negotiated unaided by a wheelchair
user. The route shall extend from street boundary or car parking area to those
spaces within the building required to be accessible to enable people with
disabilities to carry out normal activities and processes within the building.
Accessible stairway A stairway having features for use by a person with CD-C
a disability. Buildings required to be accessible shall have at least one
accessible stairway leading off an accessible route whether or not
a lift is provided.
Accreditation certificate means a certificate that was issued by the HB
Building Industry Authority under the Building Act 1991.

COMMENT:
Accreditation certificates have become product certificates under the Building Act 2004
and are subject to the product certification scheme under the Building Act 2004.

Active conductor Any conductor in which the electrical potential differs CD-F8
from that of a neutral conductor or earth.
Adequate means Adequate to achieve the objectives of the Building Code. Code
Adjacent building A nearby building, including an adjoining building, Code
whether or not erected on other property.
Air gap The vertical distance through air between the lowest point of the CD-G12
water supply outlet and the flood level rim of the equipment or the fixture
into which the outlet discharges.
Air admittance valve A valve that allows air to enter but not to escape CD-G13
in order to limit pressure fluctuations within the sanitary plumbing
or drainage system.
Air seal A continuous seal fitted between a window or door reveal CD-E2
and the surrounding wall framing to prevent the flow of air into the interior
of the building.
Allotment has the meaning given to it by section 10 of the Building Act 2004. BA04
Section 10 states:
“(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, allotment means
a parcel of land—
(a) that is a continuous area of land; and
(b) whose boundaries are shown on a survey plan, whether or not
as a subdivision—
(i) approved by way of a subdivision consent granted under the
Resource Management Act 1991; or
(ii) allowed or granted under any other Act; and
(c) that is—
(i) subject to the Land Transfer Act 1952 and comprised in 1 certificate
of title or for which 1 certificate of title could be issued under that
Act; or

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Definition Source

(ii) not subject to that Act and was acquired by its owner under
1 instrument of conveyance
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), an allotment is taken—
(a) to be a continuous area of land even if part of it is physically
separated from any other part by a road or in any other manner,
unless the division of the allotment into those parts has been
allowed by a subdivision consent granted under the Resource
Management Act 1991 or a subdivision approval under any
former enactment relating to the subdivision of land:
(b) to include the balance of any land from which any allotment is being
or has been subdivided.”
Alter in relation to a building, includes to rebuild, re-erect, repair, enlarge BA04
and extend the building.
Alternative solution means a solution that is compliant with the Building Code HB
but is not part of the Compliance Document.
Amenity means an attribute of a building which contributes to the health, Code
physical independence, and well being of the building's users but which
is not associated with disease or a specific illness.
Anti-ponding board A board laid under the lowest row of concrete and clay CD-E2
roof tiles and supports the roof underlay. The board is sloped to ensure
moisture under the tiles is directed to the exterior of the roof.
Appliance hearth A layer of non-combustible material under or near an CD-C
appliance. It may be either part of the building structure or an overlay
on a combustible floor.
Appurtenant structure, in relation to a dam, means a structure that is integral BA04
to the proper functioning of the dam.
Apron flashing A near flat or sloping flashing with a vertical upstand, CD-E2
used at junctions between roofs and walls.
Asbestos as defined by the Health and Safety in Employment (Asbestos) CD-F2
Regulations 1983 means:
(a) Actinolite, amosite, chrysotile,crocidolite, fibrous anthophyllite, or tremolite; or
(b)A mixture containing a mineral specified in paragraph a) of this definition; or
(c) A material that is composed wholly or partly of any such mineral; or
(d)A material or article that is contaminated by any such material.

COMMENT:
Asbestos now has the meaning given to it by Regulation 2 of the Health and Safety
in Employment (Asbestos) Regulations 1998. This meaning is:

(a) Amosite, chrysotile, crocidolite, fibrous actinolite, fibrous anthophyllite, or fibrous

tremolite; or

(b) A mixture containing a mineral specified in paragraph (a); or

(c) A material that is composed wholly or partly of a mineral specified in paragraph (a); or

(d) A material or article that is contaminated by a mineral specified in paragraph (a):

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Definition Source

Atmospheric burner A burner system where all the air for combustion CD-G4
is induced by the inspirating effect of a gas injector and/or by natural draught
in the combustion chamber without mechanical assistance.
Authority means the Building Industry Authority that was established under HB
the Building Act 1991.

COMMENT:
The Authority was dissolved under the Building Act 2004 and its functions and powers
transferred to the Department of Building and Housing.

B
Backflow A flowing back or reversal of the normal direction of the flow caused CD-C
by back-pressure and includes back-siphonage.
Backflow prevention device A device that prevents backflow. CD-C, CD-G12
Back-pressure A backflow condition caused by the downstream pressure CD-G12
becoming greater than the supply pressure.
Back-siphonage Backflow condition caused by the supply pressure becoming CD-G12
less than the downstream pressure.
Baluster A post providing the support for the top and bottom rails of a barrier. CD-B1, CD-B2
Balustrade The infill parts of a barrier (typically between floor and top rail). CD-B2, CD-F4
Basement Any firecell or part of a firecell below the level of the lowest final exit. CD-C

COMMENT:
Because fire safety precautions are increased with increases in escape height, the precautions
for basements increase with basement depth. Thus a single floor building with one basement
level is treated as a two floor building, a single floor building with three basement levels as
a four floor building and the requirements of C/AS1 Table 4.1 shall be applied downwards
as opposed to upwards for levels above ground.

Base metal thickness (BMT) The thickness of the bare or base metal before CD-E2
any subsequent coating, such as galvanizing.
Bird’s beak A double fold applied to the edge of a horizontal metal flashing CD-E2
to stiffen the edge and to assist in deflecting moisture away from the
cladding system below. Refer also Kick-out and Drip edge.

COMMENT:
A bird’s beak is used at the bottom of a capping to deflect water away from the enclosed
balustrade cladding.

Boundary means any boundary which is shown on a survey plan approved CD-C
by the Chief Surveyor and which is deposited in the Titles Office whether
or not a new title has been issued.
Boundary joist A joist running along the outer ends of the floor joists. CD-B1
Branch discharge pipe A discharge pipe that serves one or more fixture CD-G13
discharge pipes for any one floor.

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Definition Source

Branch vent pipe A vent pipe that serves two or more fixture vent pipes. CD-G13
Building has the meaning given to it by sections 8 and 9 of the Building Act 2004. BA04
Section 8 states:
“8 Building: what it means and includes:
(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, building—
(a) means a temporary or permanent movable or immovable structure
(including a structure intended for occupation by people, animals,
machinery, or chattels); and
(b) includes—
(i) a mechanical, electrical, or other system; and
(ii) a fence as defined in section 2 of the Fencing of Swimming
Pools Act 1987; and
2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998) that is immovable
and is occupied by people on a permanent or long term basis; and
(iii) a vehicle or motor vehicle (including a vehicle or motor vehicle
as defined in section
(iv) a mast pole or a telecommunication aerial that is on, or forms
part of, a building and that is more than 7 m in height above
the point of its attachment or base support (except a dish aerial
that is less than 2 m wide); and
(c) includes any 2 or more buildings that, on completion of building work,
are intended to be managed as one building with a common use and
a common set of ownership arrangements; and
(d) includes the non-moving parts of a cable car attached to or servicing
a building; and
(e) after 30 March 2008, includes the moving parts of a cable car attached
to or servicing a building
(2) Subsection (1)(b)(i) only applies if—
(a) the mechanical, electrical, or other system is attached to the structure
referred to in subsection (1)(a); and
(b) the system—
(i) is required by the Building Code; or
(ii) if installed, is required to comply with the Building Code.
(3) Subsection (1)(c) only applies in relation to—
(a) subpart 2 of Part 2; and
(b) a building consent; and
(c) a code compliance certificate; and
(d) a compliance schedule.
(4) This section is subject to section 9.”

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Definition Source

Section 9 states:
“9 Building: what it does not include
In this Act, building does not include—
(a) a NUO system, or part of a NUO system, that—
(i) is external to the building; and
(ii) is connected to, or is intended to be connected to, the building
to provide for the successful functioning of the NUO system in
accordance with the system’s intended design and purpose; and
(iii) is not a mast pole or a telecommunication aerial that is on,
or forms part of, a building; or
(b) cranes (including any cranes as defined in regulations made
under the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992); or
(c) any of the following, whether or not incorporated within another
structure:
(i) ski tows:
(ii) other similar stand-alone machinery systems; or
(d) any description of vessel, boat, ferry, or craft used in navigation—
(i) whether or not it has a means of propulsion; and
(ii) regardless of what that means of propulsion is; or
(e) aircraft (including any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere
from the reactions of the air otherwise than by the reactions of the
air against the surface of the earth); or
(f) any offshore installation (as defined in section 222 of the Maritime
Transport Act 1994) to be used for petroleum mining; or
(g) containers as defined in section 2(1) of the Hazardous Substances
and New Organisms Act 1996; or
(h) magazines as defined in section 222 of the Hazardous Substances
and New Organisms Act 1996; or
(i) scaffolding used in the course of the construction process; or
(j) falsework.”
Building Act 2004 (the Building Act) means the principal legislation dealing HB
with building controls in New Zealand.

COMMENT:
The Building Act applies to the construction, alteration, and demolition of new and existing
buildings throughout New Zealand.

Building certifier means a person approved as a building certifier by the HB

Authority under the former Act.

COMMENT:
Building certifiers are not provided for under the Building Act 2004. There are no longer
any building certifiers.

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Definition Source

Building Code means the regulations made under section 400 of the BA04
Building Act 2004.

COMMENT:
No regulations have yet been made under section 400 of the Building Act 2004.
However, the Building Code is currently the First Schedule of the Building Regulations 1992,
which continue in force under regulation 8(2) of the Building Forms (Regulations) 2004.

Building consent means a consent to carry out building work granted BA04
by a building consent authority under section 49 of the Building Act 2004.
Building consent accreditation body means the person referred to BA04
in section 248(2) of the Building Act 2004.
Building consent authority (BCA) means a person whose name is entered BA04
in the register referred to in section 273(1)(a) of the Building Act 2004.
Building element Any structural and non-structural component and assembly Code
incorporated into or associated with a building. Included are fixtures, services,
drains, permanent mechanical installations for access, glazing, partitions,
ceilings and temporary supports.
Building height The vertical distance between the floor level of the lowest Code
final exit from the building; and the highest occupied floor level containing
or supporting any purpose group other than IE, IA or ID, or penthouses used
to enclose stairways, liftshafts or machinery rooms located on or within the roof.
Building levy means a levy payable under section 53 of the Building Act 2004. BA04
Building method or product has the meaning given to it by section 20 BA04
of the Building Act 2004. Section 20(2)(c) states:
“(c) building methods, methods of construction, building design, or building
materials (building methods or products) that have a current product
certificate issued under section 269.”
Building performance index (BPI) in relation to a building, means the energy Code
from a network utility operator or a depletable resource (measured in kilowatt-
hours per square metre of floor area and per degree-day, and calculated using
the Building Research Association of New Zealand’s Annual Loss Factor Design
Manual 1990 or some other method that can be correlated with that manual)
needed to maintain the building at a constant internal temperature for the period
from 1 May to the close of 31 August under the following standard conditions:
(a) A continuous temperature of 20°C throughout the building.
(b)An air change rate of 1 change per hour or the actual air leakage rate,
whichever is the greater.
(c) A heat emission contribution arising from internal heat sources for the period
being considered of 1000 kWh for the first 50 m 2 of floor area and 10 kWh for
every additional square metre of floor area.
(d)No allowance for: –
(i) carpets, or
(ii) blinds, curtains, or drapes, on windows.
(e)Windows to have a shading coefficient of 0.6 (made up of 0.8 for windows
and recesses and 0.75 for site shading).

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Definition Source

Building work— BA04

(a) means work—
(i) for, or in connection with, the construction, alteration, demolition, or removal
of a building; and
(ii) on an allotment that is likely to affect the extent to which an existing building
on that allotment complies with the Building Code; and
(b)includes sitework; and
(c) includes design work (relating to building work) that is design work of a kind
declared by the Governor-General by Order in Council to be restricted building
work for the purposes of this Act; and
(d)in Part 4, and the definition in this section of ``supervise'', also includes design
work (relating to building work) of a kind declared by the Governor-General by
Order in Council to be building work for the purposes of Part 4]
Building warrant of fitness (BWoF) means the warrant of fitness an owner HB
of a building must supply to a territorial authority under section 108 of the
Building Act 2004.
Building wrap A building paper, synthetic wrap or sheathing used as part of the CD-E2
wall cladding system to assist the control of moisture by ensuring moisture
which occasionally penetrates the wall cladding is directed back to the exterior
of the building.
Butt flashing A preformed wall flashing, used to flash windows and corners CD-E2
on horizontal profiled metal wall cladding. A butt flashing is shaped to underflash
the cladding, with the cladding butting against the exposed box portion
of the flashing.

C
Cable car— BA04
(a) means a vehicle—
(i) that carries people or goods on or along an inclined plane or a suspended
cable; and
(ii) that operates wholly or partly outside of a building;
And
(iii) the traction for which is supplied by a cable or any other means; but
(b)does not include a lift that carries people or goods between the floors
of a building.

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Definition Source

Cantilevered deck A deck where no support is provided at the outer CD-E2

extremities of the deck.

COMMENT:
Cantilevered decks are often constructed by extending framing members through
the cladding beyond the building face. Cantilevered decks are sometimes known as balconies.

Capping A flashing formed to cover the top of an enclosed balustrade CD-E2

or parapet. Also known as a coping.
Cavity barrier A construction provided to close openings within a concealed CD-C
space against the passage of fire, or to restrict the spread of fire within
such spaces.
Cavity batten A vertical packing member used to create a drained cavity CD-E2
as part of a cladding system.
Cavity spacer A short block used to provide intermittent support for fixings CD-E2
or pipe penetrations through a drained cavity, while not interrupting drainage
within the cavity.
A cavity spacer is required to be set to a slight fall (5° minimum from horizontal)
to allow drainage of any moisture from the top.
Cavity wall A term used to describe a wall that incorporates a drained cavity. CD-E2
Certificate of acceptance means a certificate issued under section 96 of the BA04
Building Act 2004.
Certificate for public use means a certificate issued under section 363A HB
of the Building Act 2004.
Change the use for the purposes of sections 114 and 115 of the BR2
Building Act 2004, change the use, in relation to a building, means to change
the use (determined in accordance with regulation 6) of all or a part of the
building from one use (the old use) to another (the new use) and with the result
that the requirements for compliance with the Building Code in relation to the
new use are additional to, or more onerous than, the requirements for
compliance with the Building Code in relation to the old use.
Check valve (or non-return valve) A valve that permits flow in one direction CD-G12
but prevents a return flow and is part of a backflow prevention device.
Chimney A non-combustible structure which encloses one or more flues, CD-B1, CD-C,
fireplaces or other heating appliances. CD-G4
Chimney back The non-combustible wall forming the back of a fireplace. CD-B1, CD-C
Chimney base That part of a chimney which houses the fireplace. CD-B1
Chimney breast The front fireplace wall construction above the fireplace CD-C
opening.
Chimney jambs The side walls of a fireplace. CD-B1, CD-C
Cladding The exterior weather-resistant surface of a building. CD-E2

COMMENT:
Includes any supporting substrate and, if applicable, surface treatment.

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Definition Source

Cladding system The weatherproof enclosure of a building, including building CD-E2

wraps, claddings and their fixings, windows, doors and all penetrations,
flashings, seals, joints and junctions.
Where required by E2/AS1, the cladding system shall include a drained cavity.
Classified use means a classified use listed in clause A1 of the Building Code. BR1
Cleaning eye A small diameter access point usually formed as part of a fitting CD-G13
or trap.
Code compliance certificate means a certificate issued by a building consent BA04
authority under section 95 of the Building Act 2004.
Combined waste pipe A discharge pipe which serves two or more waste pipes. CD-G13
Combustible See non-combustible. CD-B1, CD-C
Combustion appliance A slow combustion stove, a free standing metal cone Code
fireplace, a cast iron pot belly stove, an oil burning space heater, or a vented
gas burning heater.
Common ramp A ramp which is used, or intended to be used by the public CD-D1
whether as of right or not, and is not a service ramp or accessible ramp.
Common stairway A stairway which is used, or intended to be used, by the CD-D1
public whether as of right or not, and is not a private stairway, service stairway
or accessible stairway.
Compliance document has the meaning given to it by section 22 of the BA04
Building Act 2004.
Section 22 states:
“22. Compliance document for use in establishing compliance with Building Code —
(1) The chief executive may, by notice in the Gazette, issue a document for use
in establishing compliance with the Building Code (a Compliance Document).
(2) A person who complies with a Compliance Document must, for the
purposes of this Act, be treated as having complied with the provisions
of the Building Code to which the document relates.
(3) Subsection (2) is subject to any regulations referred to in section 20”.
Compliance schedule means a compliance schedule required under BA04
section 100 of the Building Act 2004.
Compliance schedule statement means a statement issued by a territorial HB
or regional authority referred to in section 105(e) of the Building Act 2004.

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Definition Source

Concealed space Any part of the space within a building that cannot be seen Code
from an occupied space.

COMMENT:
This term includes any ceiling space, roof space, space under a raised floor (such as computer
rooms, floors, or stages), plenums, spaces under a tiered floor, “left-over spaces” created
when some structural element or the like has been covered in; small service or duct spaces
within the volume of a firecell and the like, but not a protected shaft.

Constant pressure means subjected to the sustained force of fluid forming the DG
reservoir. When there is no water in a reservoir, there is no pressure. When a
reservoir is partially filled, there is a constant pressure – in terms of it being
a pressure sustained in time.
Construct in relation to a building, includes to design, build, erect, prefabricate, BA04
and relocate the building.
Contaminant includes any substance (including gases, odorous compounds, RMA
liquids, solids, and microorganisms) or energy (excluding noise) or heat, that
either by itself or in combination with the same, similar, or other substances,
energy, or heat.
(a) When discharged into water, changes or is likely to change the physical,
chemical, or biological condition of water, or
(b) When discharged onto or into land or into air, changes or is likely to change
the physical, chemical, or biological condition of the land or air onto or into
which it is discharged.
Controlled area That area where the use of radioactive material or an irradiating CD-F8
apparatus may, in the opinion of the licensee, present a hazard to persons
within that area.
Control joint A joint designed to prevent damage by accommodating CD-E2
movement. See also Expansion joint.
Cool location means a location in New Zealand where the degree-day total Code
is 920 or more.
Cross connection Any actual or potential connection between a potable water CD-G12
supply and a source of contamination.

D
Dam BA04
(a) means an artificial barrier, and its appurtenant structures, that—
(i) is constructed to hold back water or other fluid under constant pressure so
as to form a reservoir; and
(ii) is used for the storage, control, or diversion of water or other fluid; and
(iii) retains 3 or more metres depth, and holds 20,000 or more cubic metres
volume, of water or other fluid; and

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Definition Source

(b)includes—
(i) a flood control dam; and
(ii) a natural feature that has been significantly modified to function as a dam; and
(iii) a canal; but
(c) does not include a stopbank designed to control floodwaters.

COMMENT:
20,000 cubic metres is equivalent to six Olympic size swimming pools.
Note: An Olympic swimming pool size is 50 m long x 25 m wide x 2 m deep.

Dam safety assurance programme means a dam safety assurance programme BA04
prepared by an owner of a dam under section 140 of the Building Act 2004.

COMMENT:
In order for dams to maintain their integrity ongoing monitoring, maintenance and repair
is essential. For those dams classified as medium or high potential impact, dam owners
have to prepare and submit a safety assurance programme to the regional authority
on an annual basis.

Dam compliance certificate A certificate issued by the owner of a dam DG

annually stating that all procedures in the dam safety assurance programme
have been fully complied with during the previous 12 months.
Damp-proof course (DPC) A narrow strip (generally up to 300 mm wide) CD-E2
of durable vapour barrier placed between building elements to prevent the
passage of moisture from one element to another.
Damp-proof membrane (DPM) A sheet material, coating or vapour barrier, CD-B2, CD-E2
having a low water vapour transmission, and used to prevent water and water
vapour movement through concrete in contact with the ground.
(Also known as a concrete underlay.)
Dangerous goods Any materials included in the UN classification, classes 2-5. CD-F8

COMMENT:
See Hazardous substance.

Dangerous goods workroom A room reserved primarily for the use CD-F8
of dangerous goods of Class 3(a) or Class 3(b) (i.e. flammable liquids).
Dead end That part of an open path where escape is possible in only one CD-C
direction.

COMMENT:
A dead end ceases to exist where the escape route reaches a point in the open path which
offers alternative directions of travel, or at a final exit or an exitway.

Deck An open platform projecting from an exterior wall of a building and CD-E2
supported by framing. A deck may be over enclosed internal spaces, or may
be open underneath.
Refer also Enclosed deck.
Also known as a balcony.

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Definition Source

Degree-day in relation to any location on any day, – Code

(a) If a base temperature of 15ºC is greater than the mean of the maximum
and minimum outdoor temperatures at that location on that day, means the
number of degrees Celsius by which that base temperature is greater
than that mean.
(b)If a base temperature of 15ºC is not greater than the mean of the maximum
and minimum outdoor temperatures at that location on that day, means zero.
Degree-day total in relation to any location, means the sum of the degree-days Code
for that location for the period of 1 May to 31 August, as derived from
Average Degree-day Tables – Selected NZ Stations (Miscellaneous Publication 159,
1978 of the New Zealand Meteorological Service).
Department means the Department of Building and Housing. HB
Determination means a determination made by the Chief Executive under BA04
subpart 1 of Part 3 of the Building Act 2004.
Developed length The total length along the centre line of a pipe including CD-G13
fittings and bends.
Diameter (or bore) The nominal internal diameter. CD-G12, CD-G13
Direct fixed A term used to describe a wall cladding attached directly to the CD-E2
wall framing, without the use of a drained cavity.
Discharge pipe Any pipe that is intended to convey discharge from sanitary CD-G13
fixtures or sanitary appliances.
Discharge stack A discharge pipe that has one or more discharge pipe CD-G13
connections, and which is vented at one end via a discharge stack vent.
Discharge stack vent A vent pipe connected to the top of the discharge stack. CD-G13
Discharge unit The unit of measure for the discharge (hydraulic load) in the CD-G13
plumbing system, and is based on the rate, duration and frequency of discharge
from a sanitary fixture or sanitary appliance.
Doorset A complete assembly comprising a door leaf or leaves including any CD-C, CD-F8
glazed or solid panels adjacent to or over the leaves within the door frame
including hardware or other inbuilt features; and a door frame, if any, with its
fixings to the wall and, for a sliding or tilting door, all guides and their respective
fixings to the lintel, wall or sill.
Dormer or dormer window A framed structure that projects from a sloping CD-E2
roof, and has a window at its outer end.
Drain A pipe normally laid below ground level including fittings and equipment Code
and intended to convey foul water or surface water to an outfall.

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Drained cavity A cavity space, immediately behind a wall cladding, that has CD-E2
vents at the base of the wall. Also known as a drained and vented cavity and
referred to in E2/AS1 as a cavity. A drained cavity assists drying by allowing water
which occasionally penetrates the wall cladding system to drain to the exterior
of the building, and any remaining moisture to dry by evaporation. Where E2/AS1
requires a nominal20 mm drained cavity, the depth shall be between limits of
18 mm and 25 mm. For definition of masonry veneer cavity refer to SNZ HB 4236.
Drain vent pipe Any pipe which is intended to permit the movement of air CD-G13
into and out of the drain and sewer.
Draught diverter A device, without moving parts, fitted in the flue of an CD-G4, CD-C
appliance for isolating the combustion system from the effects of pressure
changes in the secondary flue.
Drip edge Fold(s) applied to the edge of a horizontal metal flashing to deflect CD-E2
moisture away from the cladding system below. Refer also Bird’s beak
and Kick-out.
Durable Resistant to wear and decay. CD-B2
Dwang A short horizontal member fixed between vertical framing timbers. CD-E2
Also known as nogging.

E
Early childhood centre A facility used for the education or care of children CD-C
under the age of six, and required to be licensed under the Education
(Early Childhood Centres) Regulations 1998.
Eaves That part of the roof construction, including cladding, fascia and gutter, CD-E2
that extends beyond the exterior face of the wall.
EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish System) A polystyrene sheet-based CD-E2
cladding system that uses mesh reinforced polymer-modified cement-based
or polymer-based plaster base coats and a protective top coating.
Electrical fixed appliance An electrical appliance which is fixed-wired to the Code
electrical installation, or intended to remain permanently attached and form part
of the building.
Electrical installation Any electrical fixed appliances and components used Code
in the reticulation of electricity, which are intended to remain permanently
attached to and form part of the building.
Electrical supply system The source of electricity external to the electrical Code
installation.
Electrolytic corrosion Galvanic corrosion commonly resulting from the contact CD-E2
of two dissimilar metals when an electrolyte such as water is present.
Enclosed balustrade A timber-framed barrier with cladding across all CD-E2
exposed faces.

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Enclosed deck A deck, whether over an interior or exterior space, that has CD-E2
an impermeable upper surface and is closed on the underside. May also be
known as a balcony.
Energy work means— BA04
(a) gasfitting; or
(b) prescribed electrical work
Energy work certificate means a certificate of the kind referred to in BA04
section 19(1)(e) of the Building Act 2004.
Envelope complexity The categorisation of the complexity of the total building CD-E2
envelope into one of four classes, depending on the particular features of the
building as specified in E2/AS1.
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) A thermosetting synthetic CD-E2
rubber used as a resilient part of a sealing washer, or as a roof membrane.
Escape height The height between the floor level in the firecell being CD-C, CD-F3
considered and the floor level of the required final exit which is the greatest CD-F6
vertical distance above or below that firecell.

COMMENT:
1. It is necessary only to use the greatest height to the exits required for the firecell being
considered, even though the building may have other final exits at lower or higher levels.

2. Where the firecell contains intermediate floors, or upper floors within household units
the escape height shall be measured from the floor having the greatest vertical separation
from the final exit.

Escape route A continuous unobstructed route from any occupied space Code
in a building to a final exit to enable occupants to reach a safe place,
and shall comprise one or more of the following: open paths, protected paths
and safe paths.

COMMENT:
Doors are not obstructions in an escape route provided they comply with C/AS1 Part 3
and D1/AS1.

Essential service In the context of an electrical installation means emergency Code

lighting, firemen’s lifts, alarms, water pumps, sprinklers, detectors, ventilation
systems and public address systems necessary for the safety of people in buildings.
Estimated value in relation to building work, means the estimated aggregate BA04
of the values, determined in accordance with section 10 of the Goods
and Services Tax Act 1985, of all goods and services to be supplied for
the building work.
Evacuation time The time taken by the occupants of the building to evacuate Code
the building to a final exit.
Exitway All parts of an escape route protected by fire or smoke separations, Code
or by distance when exposed to open air, and terminating at a final exit.
Expansion joint A joint designed to prevent damage by accommodating CD-E2
movement. See also Control joint.

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External wall Any exterior face of a building within 30° of vertical, consisting Code
of primary and/or secondary elements intended to provide protection against
the outdoor environment, but which may also contain unprotected areas.

COMMENT:
A roof is an external wall if within 30° of the vertical.

F
Factor of safety in relation to any building means the ratio of resisting forces CD-B1
to applied forces for a given loading condition. It is generally expressed
to two significant figures.
Falsework, in relation to building work or the maintenance of a building,—` BA04
(a) means any temporary structure or framework used to support materials,
equipment, or an assembly; and
(b)includes steel tubes, adjustable steel props, proprietary frames, or other
means used to support a permanent structure until it becomes
self-supporting; but
(c) does not include scaffolding or cranes used for support.
Final exit The point at which an escape route terminates by giving direct access Code
to a safe place.

COMMENT:
Final exits are commonly the external doors from a ground floor, but this applies only if such
doors open directly onto a safe place. If a safe place can be reached only by passing down an
alley, or across a bridge, then the final exit is not reached until the end of such an alley or bridge.
Final exits, therefore, should be seen strictly as a point of arrival, rather than as any particular
element of a building. They are determined entirely by the definition of safe place.

Finished ground level (FGL) The level of the ground after all backfilling, CD-E2
landscaping and surface paving has been completed.
Fire The state of combustion during which flammable materials burn producing Code
heat, toxic gases, or smoke or flame or any combination of these.
Firecell Any space including a group of contiguous spaces on the same Code
or different levels within a building, which is enclosed by any combination
of fire separations, external walls, roofs, and floors.

COMMENT:
Floors, in this context, includes ground floors and those in which the underside is exposed
to the external environment (eg, when cantilevered). Note also that internal floors between
firecells are fire separations.

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Definition Source

Firecell rating (F) The fire resistence rating (FRR) intended to prevent fire CD-C
spread to another firecell, for sufficient time to provide for safe evacuation
of occupants and protection of adjacent housing units and sleeping areas in
the building of fire origin and fire fighters engaged in fire fighting and rescue
operations.

COMMENT:
1. The purpose of the firecell rating is to prevent premature collapse of elements of structure
in order to protect:

(a) The occupants, some of whom may have to remain in the building for some time while
evacuation proceeds, particularly if the building is a large one.

(b) Adjacent household units and sleeping areas in the building of fire origin.

(c) Fire fighters engaged on rescue and fire fighting operations (although this is limited
because property protection in the building of origin is not a matter covered by the
New Zealand Building Code except as required by b) above).

2. The use of the F rating to determine the FRR of a primary or secondary element
is discussed in C/AS1 Part 5.

Fire damper A device with a specified FRR complete with fixings and CD-C
operating mechanism for automatically closing off an airway where it passes
through a fire separation.

COMMENT:
An airway may be a duct, plenum, ceiling space, roof space or similar construction used
for the passage of ventilating air.

Fire door A doorset, single or multi-leaf, having a specific fire resistance rating, CD-C
and in certain situations a smoke control capability, and forming part of a fire
separation. The door, in the event of fire, if not already closed, will close
automatically and be self latching.

COMMENT:
Requirements for fire doors are given in C/AS1 Paragraphs 6.19.1 and 6.19.8 and Appendix C,
Paragraph C 8.1.

Fire hazard means the danger of potential harm and degree of exposure BA04
arising from—
(a) the start and spread of fire; and
(b)the smoke and gases that are generated by the start and spread of fire.
Fire hazard category (FHC) The number (graded 1 to 4 in order of increasing CD-C
severity), used to classify purpose groups or activities having a similar fire
hazard, and where fully developed fires are likely to have similar impact
on the structural stability of the building.

COMMENT:
Fire hazard categories are identified in C/AS1 Table 2.1.

Fire intensity The rate release of calorific energy in watts, determined either Code
theoretically or empirically, as applicable.

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Fire load The sum of the net calorific values of the combustible contents Code
which can reasonably be expected to burn within a firecell, including
furnishings, built-in and removable materials, and building elements.
The calorific values shall be determined at the ambient moisture content
or humidity. (The unit of measurement is MJ.)
Fire load energy density (FLED) The total fire load divided by the firecell CD-C
floor area. In this calculation the floor area shall include circulation and service
spaces, but exclude exitways and protected shafts.

COMMENT:
The total fire load is converted to fire load energy terms in megajoules (MJ) for calculation
of the FLED (MJ/m2).

Fireplace A space formed by the chimney back, the chimney jambs, and the CD-C, CD-B1
chimney breast in which fuel is burned for the purpose of heating the room
into which it opens.
Fire resistance rating (FRR) The term used to describe the minimum fire CD-C
resistance required of primary and secondary elements as determined in the
standard test for fire resistance, or in accordance with a specific calculation
method verified by experimental data from standard fire resistance tests.
It comprises three numbers giving the time in minutes for which each of the
criteria stability, integrity and insulation are satisfied, and is presented always
in that order.

COMMENT:
1. Examples of FRRs are:

(a) 30/30/15 indicating stability 30 minutes, integrity 30 minutes, insulation 15 minutes.

(b) 30/-/- indicating stability 30 minutes, but no time requirement for integrity or insulation.

(c) -/15/15 indicating no time requirement for stability, but 15 minutes for integrity
and insulation.

(d) 60/30/x indicating stability of 60 minutes, integrity of 30 minutes, and a requirement

for insulation from C/AS1 Paragraph 5.6.4.

2. C/AS1 Part 5 gives more information on FRRs.

Fire resisting closure A fire rated device or assembly for closing an opening Code
through a fire separation. It shall have a FRR of no less than that required
for the fire separation.

COMMENT:
A fire resisting closure is intended to include fire doors, fire windows or access panels.
In this context the opening may be used to permit passage of people or goods,
or to transmit light, but does not include an opening to permit the passage of building services.

Fire resisting glazing Fixed or openable glazing, complete with frame CD-C
and fixings, mullions, transoms and glazing beads, with a specified FRR
and complying with NZS 4232: Part 2.

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COMMENT:
1. The requirement for fire resisting glazing will not be met by ordinary window glass,
or safety glasses, but rather by wired glass, or by special fire resisting glass shown
by test to perform adequately. The nature and design of the frames also have an effect
on the performance of fire resisting glazing.

2. Openable glazing is required by NZS 4232 Part 2 to be fitted with an automatic device
which, in the event of fire, will close and latch the window sash.

Fire safety precautions (FSPs) The combination of all methods used CD-C, CD-F7
in a building to warn people of an emergency, provide for safe evacuation,
and restrict the spread of fire, and includes both active and passive protection.

COMMENT:
This definition has the same meaning and wording as the definition of “fire safety systems”
in the Building Regulations.

Fire safety systems The combination of all methods used in a building Code
to warn people of an emergency, provide for safe evacuation, and restrict
the spread of fire, and includes both active and passive protection.
Fire separation Any building element which separates firecells or firecells Code
and safe paths, and provides a specific fire resistance rating.
Fire shutter A fire rated device, complete with fixings and operating CD-C
mechanism, for automatically closing off an opening in a fire separation
or protected shaft.
Fire stop A material or method of construction used to restrict the spread CD-C
of fire within or through fire separations, and having a FRR no less than that
of the fire separation.

COMMENT:
Fire stops are mainly used to seal around penetrations, but can also be used to seal
narrow gaps between building elements.

Fixture An article intended to remain permanently attached to and form Code

part of a building.
Fixture discharge pipe A discharge pipe that is used to convey waste from CD-G13
a single sanitary fixture or sanitary appliance to a branch discharge pipe,
a discharge stack, or directly to a drain. It does not include any pipes forming
part of a sanitary appliance.
Fixture vent pipe (trap vent) A vent pipe that is connected to a fixture CD-G13
discharge pipe or the sanitary fixture itself.
Flame barrier A material or system applied or installed to protect another CD-C
building element from flame contact. The protection shall be effective
for no less than 10 minutes exposure in the standard test for fire resistance.

COMMENT:
1. The principal use of flame barriers is to delay ignition of foamed plastics materials.

2. Refer to Appendix C Paragraph C10.1 of C/AS1 for details of the test requirements
for flame barriers.

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Flame safeguard system A system consisting of a flame detector(s) CD-G11

plus associated circuitry, integral components, valves and interlocks the
function of which is to shut off the fuel supply to the burner(s) in the event
of ignition failure or flame failure.
Flammability index (FI) That index number for flammability, which CD-C
is determined according to the standard test method for flammability
of thin flexible materials.
Flashing A component, formed from a rigid or flexible waterproof material, CD-E2
that drains or deflects water back outside the cladding system.
Flexible flashing tape A flexible self-adhesive waterproof tape. Usually used CD-E2
as an accessory for building wraps, to seal corners and intersections.
Flood level rim The top edge at which water can overflow from equipment CD-G12
or a fixture.
Floor waste An outlet located at the low point of a graded floor or in a level CD-E3, CD-G13
floor designed to receive accidental or intentional discharges.
Floor waste pipe A pipe that receives the discharge from a floor waste CD-G13
and that discharges outside the building or to the foul water drainage
or sanitary plumbing system.
Flue The passage through which the products of combustion are conveyed CD-B1, CD-B2,
to the outside CD-C, CD-G4,
CD-G11
Flue liner Pipes or linings of fire clay, metal or fire brick, surrounding flues. CD-C
Flue system A series of interconnecting flue pipe casings which form a safe CD-C
passage (flue) for conveying products of combustion from within an appliance
to the outside of a building or structure.
Flush-finished The description of a cladding and joints system which relies CD-E2
on a protective coating applied to the face of the cladding to prevent the
penetration of water.
Foamed plastics Combustible foamed plastic polymeric materials of low CD-C
density (typically less than 100 kg/m3) and are classified as cellular polymers
which are manufactured by creating a multitude of fine voids
(typically 90 to 98%) distributed more or less uniformly throughout the product.
Examples of foamed plastics are latex foams, polyethylene foams, polyvinyl
chloride foams, expanded or extruded polystyrene foams, phenolic foams,
ureaformaldehyde foams, polyurethane foams and polychloropene foams.

COMMENT:
1. Foamed plastics may be rigid or flexible, but rigid foams are the most common
in building products. When burnt they tend to generate high levels of heat energy (kJ/kg)
and varying quantities of smoke and other toxic gases depending on the nature and volume
of the particular product.

2. Where doubt exists as to whether a building material is foamed plastics, an opinion should
be sought from a person or organisation with appropriate skill and experience in fire
engineering. That opinion should be included with the building consent application
to the building consent authority.

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Definition Source

Forced or induced draught appliance An appliance where all or part of the CD-G4
air for combustion is provided by a fan or other mechanical device which
is an integral part of the combustion system.
Former Act means the Building Act 1991. BA04
Foul water The discharge from any sanitary fixture or sanitary appliance. Code
Foul water drainage system Drains, joints and fittings normally laid Code
underground and used specifically for the conveyance of water from
the plumbing system to an outfall.
Framing Timber members to which lining, cladding, flooring, or decking CD-E2
is attached; or which are depended upon for supporting the structure,
or for resisting forces applied to it.
Free outlet (push through) In the context of storage water heaters means CD-G12
a water heater with a tap on the cold water inlet so designed that the
hot water is discharged through an open outlet.
Functional requirements in relation to a building, means those functions BA04
which a building is to perform for the purposes of the Building Act 2004.

G
Gantry A structure covering a public way providing protection from both CD-F5
the side and overhead.
Gasfitting has the meaning given to it by section 2 of the Plumbers, BA04/PGDA
Gasfitters, and Drainlayers Act 1976.
Section 2 states:
“(a) The work of fixing or unfixing pipes (including flue and ventilation pipes)
beyond the outlet of any gas measurement system supplying a consumer
or gas refueller with gas (or, where there is no such gas measurement system,
beyond the custody transfer point of the place at which gas is supplied to a
consumer or gas refueller):
(b) The work of fixing or unfixing pipes (including flue and ventilation pipes)
that convey gas from any gas storage container in the possession or control
of a consumer or gas refueller, and—
(i) In the case of liquefied petroleum gas, that are downstream of the first
regulator beyond that container; or
(ii) In the case of any other gas or where there is no such regulator
(in the case of liquefied petroleum gas), that are downstream of the outlet
valve of the container:
(c) The work of fixing or unfixing the whole or part of the control system
of any gas appliance—
but does not include—
(d) Work on any gas storage container, including its fixing or unfixing; or
(e) Work on any gas transmission system or distribution system; or
(f) Work on any pipes or fittings supplied with liquefied petroleum gas from
any gas storage container or containers that contains, or together contain,
less than 15 kilograms net weight of liquefied petroleum gas; or
(g) Work in any circumstances where the exclusions in section 3(2) of the
Gas Act 1992 apply:]”

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Definition Source

Gather That part of a chimney where the transition from fireplace to CD-B1
stack occurs.
Good ground means any soil or rock capable of permanently withstanding CD-B1
an ultimate bearing pressure of 300 kPa (i.e. an allowable bearing pressure
of 100 kPa using a factor of safety of 3.0), but excludes:
(a) Potentially compressible ground such as topsoil, soft soils such as clay
which can be moulded easily in the fingers, and uncompacted loose gravel
which contains obvious voids,
(b) Expansive soils being those that have a liquid limit of more than 50%
when tested in accordance with NZS 4402 Test 2.2, and a linear shrinkage
of more than 15% when tested, from the liquid limit, in accordance with
NZS 4402 Test 2.6, and
(c) Any ground which could forseeably experience movement of 25 mm
or greater for any reason including one or a combination of: land instability,
ground creep, subsidence, seasonal swelling and shrinking, frost heave,
changing ground water level, erosion, dissolution of soil in water, and effects
of tree roots.

COMMENT:
Soils (excepting those described in (a), (b) and (c) above) tested with a dynamic cone
penetrometer in accordance with NZS 4402 Test 6.5.2, shall be acceptable as good ground
for building foundations if penetration resistance is no less than:

(a) 3 blows per 75 mm at depths no greater than the footing width.

(b) 2 blows per 75 mm at depths greater than the footing width.

Depths shall be measured from the underside of the proposed footing.

Grease trap A device designed to intercept grease in a foul water discharge. CD-G13,
CD-G14
Group sleeping area A firecell containing communal sleeping accommodation CD-C
for a specified number of people who may or may not be known to one
another. Partial subdivision within the firecell is permitted with specific
limitation including that no occupied space is fully enclosed and all occupied
spaces are open and available to all occupants at any time. A group sleeping
area firecell may include spaces for associated direct support functions,
such as hygiene facilities and tea making (not cooking) activities, for use
by the occupants. It does not include spaces, such as waiting rooms, lounges,
dining rooms or kitchens, providing a communal service function for all occupants.

COMMENT:
1. Examples of group sleeping area firecells are dormitories, hospital wards, wharenui,
backpacker hostels and ski lodges.

2. The maximum number of people permitted in a group sleeping area firecell, and the
permitted form of subdivision, will depend on the ability of the occupants to react to the
presence of fire and escape to a safe place.

Gully trap A fitting designed to prevent foul air escaping from the drainage CD-G13
system and used to receive the discharge from waste pipes.

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Definition Source

H
Habitable space A space used for activities normally associated with domestic Code
living, but excludes any bathroom, laundry, water closet, pantry, walk-in
wardrobe, corridor, hallway, lobby, clothes-drying room, or other space
of a specialised nature occupied neither frequently nor for extended periods.
Handrail A rail to provide support to, or assist with the movement of a person. Code
Hazardous Creating an unreasonable risk to people of bodily injury or Code
deterioration of health.
Hazardous substance Has the meaning given to it by section 2 of the Code/FSA/
Fire Service Act 1975 and section 2 of the Hazardous Substances and HSNOA
New Organisms Act 1996
Section 2 of the Fire Service Act 1975 states:
“Hazardous substance” means
(a) Any hazardous substance as defined in section 2 of the Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act 1996; and
(b) Any infectious or radioactive substance that may impair human, animal,
or plant” health:
Section 2 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 states:
``Hazardous substance'' means, unless expressly provided otherwise
by regulations, any substance—
(a) With one or more of the following intrinsic properties:
(i) Explosiveness:
(ii) Flammability:
(iii) A capacity to oxidise
(iv) Corrosiveness:
(v) Toxicity (including chronic toxicity
(vi) Ecotoxicity, with or without bioaccumulation; or
(b) Which on contact with air or water (other than air or water where the
temperature or pressure has been artificially increased or decreased)
generates a substance with any one or more of the properties specified
in paragraph (a) of this definition.”
Hearth The insulating floor under the fire and in front and at the sides of CD-B1, CD-C
the fireplace.
Hem A flat fold, not completely closed, applied to the edge of a metal flashing. CD-E2
Hidden gutter A gutter located within the boundaries of the roof framing. CD-E2
Hidden gutters may also be known as secret gutters or internal gutters.
See also Valley gutters.

COMMENT:
Hidden gutters are distinct from gutters or spouting that are externally located beyond
the bounds of the roof and wall framing.

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Definition Source

Hoarding A structure alongside a public way providing side protection CD-F5

but no overhead protection.
Hold-open device A device which holds a smoke control door or fire door open CD-C, CD-F7,
during normal use, but is released by deactivating the device by an automatic CD-F8
fire detection system, allowing the door to close automatically under the action
of a self-closing device.
Hook An open fold applied to the edge of a metal flashing. CD-E2

COMMENT:
A hook is distinct from a hem, as it is open at an acute angle rather than flattened.

Household unit BA04

(a) means a building or group of buildings, or part of a building or group
of buildings, that is—
(i) used, or intended to be used, only or mainly for residential purposes; and
(ii) occupied, or intended to be occupied, exclusively as the home or residence
of not more than 1 household; but
(b)does not include a hostel, boarding house, or other specialised accommodation.
HVAC An abbreviation for heating, ventilating and airconditioning. CD-C, CD-F7

I
Illuminance The luminous flux falling onto a unit area of surface. Code
Impact insulation class (IIC) A single number rating derived from measured Code
values of normalized impact sound pressure levels in accordance with
Method ASTM E 492, Annex A1, Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound
Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine.
It provides an estimate of the impact sound insulating performance of a
floor-ceiling assembly.
Impervious That which does not allow the passage of moisture. Code
Independent qualified person (IQP) means a person accepted by a territorial HB
authority in accordance with section 438 of the Building Act 2004 as being
qualified to carry out the inspection, maintenance, and reporting procedures
required for a specified system stated in a compliance schedule.
Inspection chamber A chamber with working space at ground level through CD-E1, CD-G13
which the drain passes either as an open channel or as a pipe incorporating
an inspection point.
Inspection point A removable cap at drain level through which access may CD-E1, CD-G13
be made for cleaning and inspecting the drainage system.
Insulating material A material that has a thermal conductivity of less CD-C, CD-E3
than 0.07 W/mK.

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Definition Source

Insulation In the context of fire protection, the time in minutes for which Code
a prototype specimen of a fire separation, when subjected to the standard test
for fire resistance, has limited the transmission of heat through the specimen.
Integrity In the context of fire protection, the time in minutes for which a Code
prototype specimen of a fire separation, when subjected to the standard test for
fire resistance, has prevented the passage of flame or hot gases.

COMMENT:
The precise meaning of integrity depends on the type of building elements being treated
and how it is defined in the standard test being used.

Intended use in relation to a building,— BA04

(a) includes any or all of the following:
(i) any reasonably foreseeable occasional use that is not incompatible with the
intended use:
(ii) normal maintenance:
(iii) activities undertaken in response to fire or any other reasonably foreseeable
emergency; but
(b)does not include any other maintenance and repairs or rebuilding.
Interceptor trap A device which will separate and retain desired liquids and CD-G14
solids from a liquid stream and which will provide a water barrier to prevent foul
air or gas from entering any downstream system.
Intermediate floor Any upper floor within a firecell and which is not fire CD-C
separated from the floor below. Upper floors within household units need not
meet the specific fire safety requirements which apply to intermediate floors
in all other situations.

COMMENT:
1. An intermediate floor may be open to the firecell or enclosed with non-fire rated
construction. If enclosed with fire rated walls another firecell is created.

2. Household units occur only in purpose groups SR and SH. Life safety provisions are
governed by the limitations in permitted open path lengths.

K
Kerb ramp means a short ramp either cutting through a kerb or built up to CD-D1
the kerb.
Kick-out A single fold applied to the edge of a horizontal metal flashing to CD-E2
deflect moisture away from the cladding system below. Refer also Bird’s beak.

COMMENT:
A kick-out is used at the bottom of a capping or other flashing to deflect water away from
the cladding below.

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Definition Source

L
Licensee A person holding a licence issued under the Radiation Protection CD-F8
Act 1965 and for the time being in force.
Licensed building practitioner means a building practitioner whose name is, BA04
for the time being, entered in the register established and maintained under
section 298(1) of the Building Act 2004.
Limited area atrium A single firecell in which individual occupied spaces CD-C
at different levels open onto a common enclosed space. Limitations are placed
on the number of intermediate floors (no more than two levels), individual floor
areas and permitted occupant load, depending on the provisions for smoke
detection, smoke control and the means of escape from fire.

COMMENT:
Typical limited area atrium buildings are small shopping malls, and motel complexes with
a central atrium feature open to a number of floors.

Lining The rigid sheet covering for a wall, ceiling or other interior surface. CD-E2
Lock-out The safety shut down condition of the control system such that CD-C, CD-G11
re-start cannot be accomplished without manual resetting.

M
Main private stairway A private stairway intended to provide access to and CD-D1
between frequently used spaces such as living areas, kitchens and garages,
and includes all exterior private stairways.
Masonry tiles Clay or concrete tile roof cladding. CD-E2
Masonry veneer Clay or concrete block veneer cladding. CD-E2
Means of escape from fire, in relation to a building that has a floor area,— BA04
(a) means continuous unobstructed routes of travel from any part of the floor
area of that building to a place of safety, and
(b)includes all active and passive protection features required to warn people
of fire and to assist in protecting people from the effects of fire in the course
of their escape from the fire.
Membrane A non-metallic material, usually synthetic, used as a fully supported CD-E2
roof cladding, deck surface or, in conjunction with other claddings, as gutters
or flashings.
Minister means the Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of BA04
a warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is responsible for the
administration of the Building Act 2004.
Minor private stairway A private stairway not on a main thoroughfare, CD-D1
and intended to provide infrequent access to a single room which is not a living
area or kitchen.

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Definition Source

Multi-unit dwelling Applies to a building or use which contains more than one CD-C
separate household or family.

COMMENT:
For fire safety purposes each household unit is a separate firecell.

N
Natural draught The flow produced by the tendency of warmed gases to rise. CD-G4
Natural hazard has the meaning given to it by section 71 of the Building BA04
Act 2004.
Section 71(3) states:
“(3) In this section and sections 72 to 74, natural hazard means any of
the following:
(a) erosion (including coastal erosion, bank erosion, and sheet erosion):
(b) falling debris (including soil, rock, snow, and ice):
(c) subsidence:
(d) inundation (including flooding, overland flow, storm surge, tidal effects,
and ponding):
(e) slippage.”
Network utility operator means a person who— BA04
(a) undertakes or proposes to undertake the distribution or transmission
by pipeline of natural or manufactured gas, petroleum, or geothermal energy; or
(b)operates or proposes to operate a network for the purpose of—
(i) telecommunication as defined in section 5 of the Telecommunications
Act 2001; or
(ii) radiocommunications as defined in section 2(1) of the Radiocommunications
Act 1989; or
(c) is an electricity operator or electricity distributor as defined in section 2 of
the Electricity Act 1992 for the purpose of line function services as defined in
that section; or
(d)undertakes or proposes to undertake the distribution of water for supply
(including irrigation); or
(e)undertakes or proposes to undertake a drainage or sewerage system
Nominal pile width The least width of a pile in side view and is equal to the CD-B1
diameter in round piles.
Non-combustible Materials shall be classified as non-combustible CD-B1, CD-C
or combustible when tested to: AS 1530 – Part 1.
Non-return valve A valve that permits flow in one direction but prevents CD-G12
a return flow and is part of a hot or cold water system.
Nosing The rounded projecting edge of a stair tread. CD-D1, CD-F4

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Definition Source

Notice to fix has the meaning given to it by section 164(2) of the Building BA04
Act 2004.
Section 164(2) states:
“(2) A responsible authority must issue to the specified person concerned
a notice (a notice to fix) requiring the person—
(a) to remedy the contravention of, or to comply with, this Act or the
regulations; or
(b) to correct the warrant of fitness; or
(c) to properly comply with the inspection, maintenance, or reporting
procedures stated in the compliance schedule.”
Notional boundary The boundary which for fire safety purposes, is assumed to CD-C
exist between two buildings on the same property under a single land title.

COMMENT:
A notional boundary may be located anywhere between the two buildings, and once chosen
determines the unprotected area permitted in each building. Locating it closer to one building
than the other, may be an advantage where it is planned for a rear wall without windows
to face the front wall of the other building requiring windows.

NUO system means a system owned or controlled by a network utility operator. BA04

O
Occupant load The greatest number of people likely to occupy a particular CD-C, CD-F6,
space within a building. It is determined by: CD-F7
(a) Multiplying the number of people per m 2 (occupant density) for the activity
being undertaken, by the total floor area, or
(b)For sleeping areas, counting the number of beds, or
(c) For fixed seating areas, counting the number of seats.
Occupied space Any space within a building in which a person will be present Code
from time to time during the intended use of the building.
Open path That part of an escape route (including dead ends) not protected Code
by fire or smoke separations, and which terminates at a final exit or exitway.
Open space includes land on which there is and will be no buildings and which CD-C
has no roof over any part of it other than overhanging eaves.
Open vented storage water heater A water heater incorporating a vent pipe CD-G12
which is permanently open to the atmosphere.
Other property— BA04
(a) means any land or buildings, or part of any land or buildings, that are—
(i) not held under the same allotment; or
(ii) not held under the same ownership; and
(b)includes a road

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Definition Source

Outdoor air Air as typically comprising by volume: Code

(i) oxygen 20.94%
(ii) carbon dioxide 0.03%
(iii) nitrogen and other inert gases 79.03%.
Outfall That part of the disposal system receiving surface water or foul water Code
from the drainage system. For foul water, the outfall may include a sewer
or a septic tank. For surface water, the outfall may include a natural water
course, kerb and channel, or soakage system.
Over-pressure protection Devices preventing the pressure in piping CD-G11
or appliances from exceeding a predetermined value.
Owner, in relation to land and any buildings on the land,— BA04
(a) means the person who—
(i) is entitled to the rack rent from the land; or
(ii) would be so entitled if the land were let to a tenant at a rack rent; and
(b)includes—
(i) the owner of the fee simple of the land; and
(ii) any person who has agreed in writing, whether conditionally or
unconditionally, to purchase the land or any leasehold estate or interest
in the land or to take a lease of the land and who is bound by the
agreement because the agreement is still in force.

P
Parallel flashing A roof flashing that runs along the roof slope, parallel to the CD-E2
roof cladding profile. Also known as a longitudinal flashing.
Parapet A timber-framed wall that extends above the level of the roof cladding. CD-E2
Penetration A pipe, cable or duct passing through an opening in a fire separation. CD-C
Penstocks are conduits to control the flow of water in water supply, DG
hydroelectric power and sewerage systems. Penstocks are normally equipped
with a gate system and surge tank.
People with disabilities People whose ability to use buildings is affected Code
by mental, physical, hearing or sight impairment.
Performance criteria in relation to a building, means those qualitative BA04
or quantitative criteria that the building is required to satisfy in performing its
functional requirement.
Person includes the Crown, a corporation sole, and also a body of persons, BA04
whether corporate or unincorporated.

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Definition Source

Person with a disability means a person who has an impairment or BA04

a combination of impairments that limits the extent to which the person can
engage in the activities, pursuits, and processes of everyday life, including,
without limitation, any of the following:
(a) a physical, sensory, neurological, or intellectual impairment:
(b) a mental illness.
Piping system An assembly of pipes, pipe fittings, gaskets, bolting and pipe CD-G14
supports.
Pitch line The line joining the leading edge or nosings (if any) of successive CD-F4
stair treads within a single flight of stairs. (Sep 07)
Plans and specifications— BA04
(a) means the drawings, specifications, and other documents according to which
a building is proposed to be constructed, altered, demolished, or removed; and
(b)includes the proposed procedures for inspection during the construction,
alteration, demolition, or removal of a building; and
(c) in the case of the construction or alteration of a building, also includes—
(i) the intended use of the building; and
(ii) the specified systems that the applicant for building consent considers will
be required to be included in a compliance schedule required under
section 100; and
(iii) the proposed procedures for inspection and routine maintenance for the
purposes of the compliance schedule for those specified systems.
Plumbing system Pipes, joints and fittings laid above ground and used for the Code
conveyance of foul water to the foul water drain, and includes vent pipes.
Potable (and potable water) Water that is suitable for human consumption. CD-G12
Potential impact classification is related to the consequence (effects) of the DG
dam failing, if it should release its stored contents. Consequences include
loss of life, socio-economic, financial and environmental.
Prescribed electrical work has the meaning given to it by section 2(1) of the BA04, EA
Electricity Act 1992.
Primary element A building element providing the basic load bearing capacity CD-B2, CD-C
to the structure, and which if affected by fire may initiate instability or
premature structural collapse.

COMMENT:
Suspended floors in multi-storey buildings are primary elements.

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Definition Source

Principal user A member of the primary group for which a building was Code
constructed, and therefore explicitly excludes persons or groups of persons
providing care or control of that principal user group.
Privacy The situation of being withdrawn from view. CD-G1
Private stairway A stairway used, or intended to be used, by the occupants CD-D1
of a single household unit.
Privy A private room containing a receptacle (other than a WC) or an excavation CD-G1
for excreted liquid or solid human waste, and with a means of disposal
or containment of the waste.
Producer statements are formal statements supplied by or on behalf of HB
(i) an applicant for a building consent, or
(ii) by or on behalf of a person who has carried out building work.
that can be accepted by a building consent authority as verification that certain
work will be or has been carried out in accordance with nominated performance
requirements of the Building Code.

COMMENT:
Although no longer expressly referred to in the Building Act 2004, these could be accepted
and considered as part of the plans or specifications.

Product certificate means a certificate issued under section 269 of the HB

Building Act 2004 that a building consent authority must accept as establishing
compliance with the Building Code.
Product certification accreditation body means the person referred to in BA04
section 261(2) of the Building Act 2004.
Property includes land, buildings, and goods; but does not include incorporeal BA04
forms of property.
Protected path That portion of an exitway within a firecell which is protected Code
from the effects of smoke by smoke separations.
Protected shaft A space, other than a safe path, enclosed by fire separations CD-C
or external walls used to house building services, lifts, or conveyors which pass
from one firecell to another.
Purlin A horizontal member laid to span across rafters or trusses, and to which CD-E2
the roof cladding is attached.
Purpose group The classification of spaces within a building according to the Code
activity for which the spaces are used.

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R
R-value The common abbreviation for describing the values of both thermal CD-E3, CD-G5,
resistance and total thermal resistance. CD-H1
Rafter A framing timber, normally parallel to the slope of the roof, providing CD-E2
support for sarking, purlins or roof cladding.
Railway line has the meaning ascribed to it by section 2 of the Transport CD-C, RA
Services Licensing Act 1989.
The definition of ‘Railway line’ in the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989 has
been repealed by the Railways Act 2005. Section 4 of the Railways Act 2005
now contains the definition for “railway line”.
Section 4 states
``railway line'' —
(a) means a single rail or set of rails, having a gauge of 550 mm or greater
between them, laid for the purposes of transporting people or goods by
rail; and
(b) includes—
(i) sleepers, associated formation and ballast, tunnels, and bridges; and
(ii) in relation to a single rail or set of rails that are laid on a road for the
purposes of 1 or more light rail vehicles,—
(A) any area between the rails; and
(B) the area that extends 500 mm outside the extremity of any light
rail vehicle being used on that single rail or set of rails; and
(iii) a set of rails, having a gauge of less than 550 mm between them,
that is designated as a railway line in regulations made under
section 59(l); and
(iv) except as provided in subparagraph (ii), any area within 5 m of a single
rail or within 5 m of a line drawn midway between a set of rails; but
(c) excludes—
(i) a railway line that is part of a railway used as an amusement device
as defined in section 21A(1) of the Machinery Act 1950:
(ii) a railway line excluded by regulations made under section 59(m):
(iii) a railway line that exclusively serves private cable cars”.
Reflectance The ratio of the flux reflected from a surface to the flux incident CD-G7, CD-G8
on it.
Regional authority means— BA04
(a) a regional council; or
(b)a unitary authority

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Definition Source

Regional council has the meaning given to it by section 5(1) of the BA04
Local Government Act 2002.
Registrar has the meaning given to it by section 282 of the Building Act 2004. BA04
Regulations means regulations in force under the Building Act 2004. BA04
Regulator A device which automatically regulates the pressure or volume CD-G10,
of gas passing through it to a predetermined level. CD-G11
Relevant boundary means the boundary of an allotment which is other CD-C
property in relation to the building concerned and from which is measured
the separation between the building and that other property. For the external
wall of any building, the relevant boundary shall be the nearest of the following
boundaries:
(a) A boundary of a freehold allotment, except that where the other property
is a road, railway line or public open space the relevant boundary is the
boundary on the far side of that other property.
(b)A boundary of a cross-lease or of a company lease or licence, except that
where the other property is open space to which the lessee or licensee of the
building concerned has an exclusive right of access and occupation or to which
two or more occupiers have rights of access and occupation the relevant
boundary is the boundary on the far side of that other property.
(c) A boundary shown on a unit plan excluding a boundary between a principal
unit and its accessory unit, except that where the other property is open space
which is common property, the relevant boundary is the boundary on the far
side of that other property.

COMMENT:
1. Where an easement, such as a right of way, occurs within an allotment, the relevant
boundary shall remain the same as if the easement did not exist.

2. Boundaries within a cross-lease or company lease or licence are shown on a survey plan.
In some cases the boundary is the external wall or roof of a building.

3. The unit title boundaries of principal units, accessory units, and common property are
shown in the unit plan. A boundary is frequently an internal or external wall, an upper floor,
or the roof of a building.

4. A wall along a boundary between two allotments is called a “party wall” when the owners
of the allotments each have legal rights in respect of that wall registered by way of
easements on one or both titles. An internal wall between cross-leases, company leases,
or unit titles, or between one of them and common property, is not generally called a party
wall but in that case also the lessees, unit title holders, or corporate body concerned each
have legal rights in respect of that wall. Such a wall separates areas which are other
property in relation to each other, but the wall itself is part of each property. The fire
protection consequence of that legal concept is that such a wall can be regarded as a fire
separation providing protection against horizontal fire spread in each direction. In other
words, that wall may provide the appropriate FRR instead of each property having its own
wall of that FRR.

Relief vent A vent pipe which is connected to a discharge stack below the CD-G13
lowest branch connection and which connects at its upper end to the discharge
stack vent or terminates as an open vent.

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Definition Source

Reservoir Body of water impounded by one or more dams or dikes, inclusive DG

of its shores and banks and of any facility or installation necessary for
its operation.
Reservoir capacity Total or gross storage capacity of the reservoir at full DG
supply level.
Risk matrix A table that allows the calculation of a risk score by the allocation CD-E2
and summing of scores for a range of design and location factors applying
to a specific building design.
Risk score An aggregated numerical score for a proposed building as defined CD-E2
by E2/AS1.The risk score is determined by completion of the risk matrix.
Road has the meaning ascribed to it by section 315 of the Local Government CD-C/LGA
Act 1974 and includes a public place and also includes a motorway.
Rodding point A removable cap at ground level through which access may CD-E1, CD-G13
be made for cleaning and inspecting the drainage system.
Roof underlay An absorbent permeable building paper that absorbs or collects CD-E2
condensation or water that may penetrate the roof cladding or metal
wall cladding.
Room-sealed appliance An appliance designed so that air for combustion CD-G4
neither enters from, nor combustion products enter into, the room in which
the appliance is located.

S
Saddle flashing A flashing used to weatherproof the junction between CD-E2
a horizontal and vertical surface.
Safe path That part of an exitway which is protected from the effects of fire Code
by fire separations, external walls, or by distance when exposed to open air.
Safe place A place of safety in the vicinity of a building, from which people may Code
safely disperse after escaping the effects of a fire. It may be a place such
as a street, open space, public space or an adjacent building.
Safety colour (green, red or yellow) A colour of specified properties to which CD-F8
a safety meaning is attributed.
Safety glass means a glass so treated or combined with other materials as CD-F2
to reduce the likelihood of injury to persons when it is cracked or broken.
Safety shut-off system An arrangement of valves and associated control CD-G10
systems which shuts off the supply of gas when required by a device which
senses an unsafe condition.
Safety sign A particular type of sign which comprises a geometric form and CD-F8
a safety colour, together with a safety symbol or text (that is, words, letters,
numbers or a combination of these) and gives a particular safety message.
Safety symbol means a graphic symbol used in a safety sign. CD-F8

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Definitions ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Definition Source

Sanitary appliance An appliance which is intended to be used for sanitation, Code

but which is not a sanitary fixture. Included are machines for washing dishes
and clothes.
Sanitary fixture Any fixture which is intended to be used for sanitation. Code
Sanitation The term used to describe the activities of washing and/or excretion Code
carried out in a manner or condition such that the effect on health is minimised,
with regard to dirt and infection.
Scaffolding used in the course of the construction process, means any structure, BA04
framework, swinging stage, suspended scaffolding, or boatswain’s chair, that
is of a temporary nature and that is used or intended to be used for: the support
or protection of workers engaged in, or in connection with construction work
for the purpose of carrying out that work, or the support of materials used
in connection with the work; and includes any plank, coupling, fastening, fitting,
or device used in connection with the construction, erection, or use of scaffolding.
Scupper An opening in a parapet or enclosed balustrade to allow water to CD-E2
drain into a rainwater head.
Secondary element A building element not providing load bearing capacity CD-B2, CD-C
to the structure and if affected by fire, instability or collapse of the building
structure will not occur.
Secondary flow path The path over which surface water will follow if the CD-E1
drainage system becomes overloaded or inoperative.
Secondary private stairway A private stairway other than a main or minor CD-D1
private stairway, intended to provide access to another floor containing only
bedrooms, bathroom or similar accommodation.
Service ramp means a ramp that is used, or intended to be used, infrequently CD-D1
by service personnel to gain access to spaces for the purposes of maintenance
and the movement of goods.
Service stairway means a stairway that is used, or intended to be used, CD-D1
infrequently by service personnel to gain access to spaces for the purposes
of maintenance and the movement of goods.
Sewer A drain that is under the control of, or maintained by, a network Code
utility operator.
Sitework means work on a building site, including earthworks, preparatory to, BA04
or associated with the construction, alteration, demolition, or removal
of a building.
Smokecell A space within a building which is enclosed by an envelope of CD-C
smoke separations, or external walls, roofs, and floors.

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Definition Source

Smoke control door A doorset with closefitting single or multi-leaves which CD-C
are impermeable to the passage of smoke, fitted with smoke seals and installed
within a smoke separation. The door, in the event of smoke, if not already
closed, will close automatically and be held closed.

COMMENT:
1. A smoke control door may be held closed by use of a door closer. The door need not
be latched.

2. Requirements for smoke control doors are given in C/AS1 Paragraph 6.19.1 and 6.19.8,
and Appendix C Paragraph C8.1.

Smoke developed index (SDI) That index number for smoke developed when CD-C
determined according to the standard test method for measuring the properties
of lining materials.
Smoke separation Any vertical, horizontal or inclined building element with Code
known smoke-stopping or smoke-leakage characteristics.
Socket outlet An accessory fixed to a wall or ceiling and designed to accept CD-G2
a plug that extends the electrical supply to an appliance by means of
a flexible cable.
Soft edge A compatible soft edging seamed onto flashings to provide closure CD-E2
to profiled cladding.
Soil fixture A sanitary fixture constructed to receive solid and/or liquid excreted CD-G1, CD-G13
human waste. It includes bedpan disposal units, slop sinks, urinals, water closet
pans, and water-flushed sanitary towel disposal units.
Sound transmission class (STC) A single number rating derived from measured Code
values of transmission loss in accordance with classification ASTM E 413,
Determination of Sound Transmission Class. It provides an estimate of the
performance of a partition in certain common sound insulation situations.
Specific design Design and detailing of a proposed building or parts of a building, CD-E2
demonstrating compliance with the Building Code, that shall be provided to the
building consent authority for assessment and approval as part of the building
consent process. Buildings, or parts of buildings, requiring specific design are
beyond the scope of E2/AS1.
Specified intended life has the meaning given to it by section 113(3) of the BA04
Building Act 2004.
Section 113(3) states:
“(3) In subsection (2), specified intended life, in relation to a building, means
the period of time, as stated in an application for a building consent or
in the consent itself, for which the building is proposed to be used for
its intended use.”

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Definitions ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Definition Source

Specified system— BA04

(a) means a system or feature that—
(i) is contained in a building; and
(ii) contributes to the proper functioning of the building
(for example, an automatic sprinkler system);
And
(iii) is declared by the Governor-General, by Order in Council, to be a specified
system for the purposes of this Act; and
(b)includes a cable car.
Spread of flame index (SFI) That index number for spread of flame which CD-C
is determined according to the standard test method for measuring the
properties of lining materials.
Spillway Weir, channel, conduit, tunnel, gate or other structure designed DG
to permit discharges from the reservoir.
Stability In the context of fire protection, the time in minutes for which Code
a prototype specimen of a primary element, when subject to the standard test
for fire resistance, has continued to carry its fire design load without failure.

COMMENT:
The fire design load should be as specified in the limit state loadings code NZS 4203.

Stairway A series of steps or stairs with or without landings, including all CD-C, CD-D1
necessary handrails and giving access between two different levels.
Stanchion A connecting device, fixed into the structure of a building, CD-E2
that provides support for handrails, aerials and similar structures.
Standards means specifications for building materials, methods, processes HB
or practices that provide a basis for determining consistent and acceptable
minimum levels of quality, performance, safety and reliability.

COMMENT:
Standards are developed by organisations that are recognised by the Government.
In New Zealand, standards are developed by a trading arm of the Standards Council, a crown
entity operating under the Standards Act 1988. In Australia, standards are developed by
Standards Australia, which is recognised through a memorandum of understanding with the
Commonwealth Government.

Standard test A test method which is recognised as being appropriate for the CD-C
fire protection properties being assessed.

COMMENT:
A list of standard test methods is given in Appendix C of C/AS1.

Standard year For the purposes of determining natural lighting, the hours Code
between 8 am and 5 pm each day with an allowance being made for
daylight saving.
Statutory authority means an authority or organisation that has the statutory BA04
power to classify or register land or buildings for any purpose.

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Definition Source

Stopend A turn-up at the upper edge of profiled metal cladding, or at the end CD-E2
of gutters and some types of flashings.

COMMENT:
A stopend assists the control of moisture by ensuring any moisture reaching the edge of the
roofing is deflected from further entry.

Storage water heater A water tank with an integral water heater for the CD-G12
storage of hot water.
Storey That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any CD-E2
floor and the upper surface of the floor immediately above, except the top
storey shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface
of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above.
Strength reduction factor The factor by which the ultimate strength is CD-B1
multiplied to obtain the design strength.

COMMENT:
NZS 4203: 1992 uses the terms ideal strength in place of ultimate strength, and dependable
strength in place of design strength.

Structural fire endurance rating (S) The fire resistance rating (FRR) intended CD-C
to prevent fire spread or structural collapse for the complete burnout of the firecell.
Stucco A wall cladding system formed from reinforced solid plaster over CD-E2
a rigid or non-rigid backing.
Stud A vertical framing timber. CD-E2
Suite A firecell providing residential accommodation for the exclusive use CD-C, CD-F7
of one person or of several people known to one another. It comprises one
or more rooms for sleeping and may include spaces used for associated
domestic activities such as hygiene and cooking.

COMMENT:
1. Bed numbers are limited to 6 in purpose groups SC and SD or 12 in purpose group SA
in accordance with C/AS1 Paragraphs 6.6.5 and 6.7.6. Examples may be found in hotels,
motels and residential care facilities, such as old people’s homes or in hospices providing
temporary family accommodation.

2. It is assumed that the social cohesion of the occupants by virtue of the personal relationship
(as family members, friends or associates) would ensure that any individual, becoming
aware of fire, would naturally assist others within the firecell to escape. The term suite
does not apply to a group of bedrooms where each room is available to different
“key-holders”. In some cases a suite may be a single bedroom.

Sump A chamber which is installed in the drain and incorporates features CD-E1
to intercept and retain silt, gravel and other debris.
Supervise, in relation to building work, means provide control or direction BA04
and oversight of the building work to an extent that is sufficient to ensure
that the building work—
(a) is performed competently; and
(b)complies with the building consent under which it is carried out.

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Definition Source

Surface finish The combination of a surface coating and substrate material CD-C
on surfaces of building elements exposed to view. It can be an applied
decorative coating or the uncoated building element itself. For interior surfaces
the requirements are evaluated in terms of SFI and SDI. For exterior surfaces
the requirements are evaluated in terms of rate of heat release as determined
by Appendix C, Paragraph C9.1.
Surface water All naturally occurring water, other than sub-surface water, Code
which results from rainfall on the site or water flowing onto the site,
including that flowing from a drain, stream, river, lake or sea.

T
Tailing dam Dam constructed to retain tailings or other waste materials from DG
mining or industrial operations.
Tailpipe A device placed at the low point of a gas piping system to collect CD-G10
condensate, and from which the condensate may be removed.
Territorial authority (TA) means a city council or district council named in BA04
Part 2 of Schedule 2 of the Local Government Act 2002; and—
(a) in relation to land within the district of a territorial authority, or a building
on or proposed to be built on any such land, means that territorial authority; and
(b)in relation to any part of a coastal marine area (within the meaning of the
Resource Management Act 1991) that is not within the district of a territorial
authority, or a building on or proposed to be built on any such part, means the
territorial authority whose district is adjacent to that part.
Theatre A place of assembly intended for the production and viewing of CD-C,
performing arts, and consisting of an auditorium and stage with provision CD-F4 (Sep 07)
for raising and suspending stage scenery above and clear of the working area.
Thermal resistance The resistance to heat flow of a given component of Code
a building element. It is equal to the air temperature difference (°C) needed
to produce unit heat flux (W/m2) through unit area (m2) under steady conditions.
The units are °Cm2/W.
Threshold A sill to an external door, or the floor under an internal door. CD-D1
Total thermal resistance The overall air-to-air thermal resistance across all CD-E3, CD-G5
components of a building element such as a wall, roof or floor.
(This includes the surface resistances which may vary with environmental
changes eg, temperature and humidity, but for most purposes can be regarded
as having standard values as given in NZS 4214.)
Town gas A manufactured gas. CD-G11

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Definition Source

Toxic environment An environment that contains contaminants that can CD-G12

contaminate the water supply in concentrations greater than those included
in the New Zealand Drinking Water Standard 1995.
Trade means any trade, business, industry, profession, occupation, activity BA04
of commerce, or undertaking relating to—
(a) the supply or acquisition of goods or services; or
(b) the acquisition of household units or any interest in land.
Transverse flashing A roof flashing that runs across the roof slope, at right CD-E2
angles to the roof cladding profile.
Trap A chamber which is installed in the drain and incorporates features CD-E1
to intercept and retain floatable debris.
Trapezoidal A type of profiled metal cladding with symmetrical or asymmetrical CD-E2
crests, with troughs between the crests.
Travel distance The length of the escape route as a whole or the individual Code
lengths of its parts, namely:
(a) Open paths
(b) Protected paths and
(c) Safe paths.
Trough profile A type of profiled metal cladding comprising vertical ribs with CD-E2
flat, or lightly profiled pans between the ribs. Also known as ribbed, secret
fixed or tray profile.

U
Unisex facilities Facilities available for use by either sex. CD-G1

COMMENT:
Unisex facilities may also be described as both gender facilities.

Unitary authority has the meaning given to it by section 5(1) of the BA04/LGA
Local Government Act 2002.
Section 5(1) states:
‘“unitary authority” means a territorial authority that has the responsibilities,
duties, and powers of a regional council conferred on it under—
(a) the provisions of any Act; or
(b) an Order in Council giving effect to a reorganisation scheme”
Unprotected area in relation to an external wall of a building means: Code
(a) Any part of the external wall which has less than the required FRR.
For example, a non fire rated window, door or other opening or sheet metal.
(b)Any part of the external wall which has combustible material more than
1.0mm thick attached to or applied to its external face, whether for cladding
or any other purpose.

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Definition Source

V
Valley gutter A gutter running down the valley formed by the intersection CD-E2
of two pitched roof surfaces.
Valve vented storage water heater (unvented storage water heater) CD-G12
A storage water heater in which the required venting to the atmosphere
is controlled by a valve.
Vapour barrier Sheet material or coating having a low water-vapour CD-B2
transmission, and used to minimise water-vapour penetration in buildings.
(Vapour barriers are sometimes referred to as damp-proof membranes.)
Vent line A pipe or tube which conveys gas to a safe place outside the CD-G10
building from a gas pressure regulator relief valve.
Vent pipe A pipe for the purpose of protecting water seals that at its upper CD-G13
end is either open to the atmosphere or fitted with an air admittance valve
and that at its lower end is connected to a discharge pipe.
Verification Method means a method by which compliance with the BA04
Building Code may be verified.

W
Warm location means a location in New Zealand where the degree-day Code
total is less than 920.
Waste pipe A discharge pipe that conveys the discharge from waste water CD-G13
fixtures to a gully trap.
Waste water fixture A sanitary fixture or sanitary appliance used to receive CD-G13
wastes, and which is not a soil fixture.
Water heater A device for heating water. CD-B2, CD-G12
Water main A water supply pipe that is under the control, or maintained Code
by a network utility operator.
Waterproof and waterproofing The complete and total resistance of CD-E2
a building element to the ingress of any moisture.
Water seal The depth of water that can be retained in a water trap. CD-G2, CD-G13
Water supply system Pipes, fittings and tanks used or intended to be used Code
for the storage and reticulation of water from a water main or other water
source to sanitary fixtures, sanitary appliances and fittings within a building.
Water tank (vessel) A covered fixed container for storing hot or cold water. CD-G12
Water trap A fitting designed to retain a depth of water that prevents foul air CD-G2, CD-G13
and gases escaping from the plumbing system or foul water drainage system
and entering a building.

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Definition Source

Weathertightness and weathertight Terms used to describe the resistance CD-E2

of a building to the weather. Weathertightness is a state where water
is prevented from entering and accumulating behind the cladding in amounts
that can cause undue dampness or damage to the building elements.

COMMENT:
The term weathertightness is not necessarily the same as waterproof. However,
a weathertight building, even under severe weather conditions, is expected to limit moisture
ingress to inconsequential amounts, insufficient to cause undue dampness inside buildings
and damage to building elements. Moisture that may occasionally enter is able to harmlessly
escape or evaporate.

Wetwall The exterior cladding on a wall with a drained cavity. CD-E2

Wharenui A communal meeting house having a large open floor area used CD-C, CD-H1
for both assembly and sleeping in the traditional Maori manner.
Wind zone Categorisation of wind force experienced on a particular site CD-E2
as determined in NZS 3604, Section 5.

COMMENT:
Maximum ultimate limit state speeds are:

Low wind zone = wind speed of 32 m/s

Medium wind zone = wind speed of 37 m/s

High wind zone = wind speed of 44 m/s

Very high wind zone = wind speed of 50 m/s.

Specific design is required for wind speeds greater than 50 m/s.

Working day means any day except— BA04

(a) Saturday, Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Anzac Day, the Sovereign’s
Birthday, Labour Day, and Waitangi Day; and
(b)the day observed in the appropriate area as the anniversary of the province
of which the area forms a part; and
(c) a day in the period beginning on 20 December in any year and ending with
the close of 10 January in the following year.

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

I
(Revised by Amendment 6)
This is a complete index for the New Zealand Building Code and Compliance Documents.

A
Access
see Access Routes, and Mechanical Installations for Access

Access chambers
see Maintenance access to drains

Access points
see Maintenance access to drains

Access to a facility
food and work areas........................................................................ G1/AS1 3.2, Figure 10
lobbies............................................................................................................ G1/AS1 6.3.1
unisex facilities........................................................................................... G1/AS1 1.1.5 c)

Access Routes........................................................ D1/AS1 1.1.5, 1.2.2, 1.4.1, 1.5.1, 1.5.3 a),

1.5.4, 1.5.5, 1.6.1, 1.7.1, 1.8.1,
2.0, 5.1.3, Figure 27
see also Accessible routes, Activity space, Doors, Escape routes, Handrails, Height
clearances, Level access routes, Mechanical Installations for Access, a Person with
a disability, Ramps, Stairs, Obstructions, Vehicles, Wheelchairs
access to buildings............................................ NZBC/D1.1, D1.3.1 (a) (b), D1.3.3 (a) (b)
access within buildings.....................................NZBC/D1.1, D1.3.1 (c), D1.3.3 (c), D1.3.5
corridors........................................................................................NZBC/D1.3.1 (c), F6.3.1
level access routes............................................................................................ D1/AS1 2.0
protection from falling................................................................................ D1/AS1 2.3
slip resistance................................................................................ D1/AS1 2.1, Table 2
width............................................................................................................D1/AS1 2.2
location............................................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.1
principal entrance............................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.1
service and maintenance personnel............................................................. D1/AS1 11.0.3

Access to facilities................................................ NZBC/D1.3.3 (c), G1.3.5; G3/AS1 Figure 1

Accessible accommodation units.................................... D1/AS1 9.0, 9.1, 9.1.1, 9.2.1, Table 9

see also a Person with a disability
bedrooms.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 9.2.1 c)
dining areas................................................................................................. D1/AS1 9.2.1 c)
facilities..............................................................................................................D1/AS1 9.2
kitchens..............................................................D1/AS1 9.2.1 b) ; G3/AS1 1.5.2, Figure 1
laundry................................................................................................ G2/AS1 1.2, Figure 2
sitting areas................................................................................................. D1/AS1 9.2.1 c)
toilets and baths.......................................................................................... D1/AS1 9.2.1 a)

Accessible routes........................ NZBC/D1.3.3, D1.3.4; D1/AS1 1.1.1 to 1.1.3, 1.5.5 b), 2.1.1,
2.2.1, 7.0.1, 7.0.6, 11.0.1, Figure 27
access to performance areas............................................................................ D1/AS1 8.2

Accessible units..................................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.1.3

Activity space................................NZBC/D1.3.2 (a), D1.3.4 (b), G5.1 (b), G5.2.1 (b), G5.3.3

Aged, homes for

see Old people’s homes
Air
see also Ventilation
airflow control..................................................................... NZBC/H1.3.1 (b); H1/AS1 3.0
changes..........................................................................................................G4/VM1 1.0.1
ducts.......................................................................C/AS1 6.9.5, 6.19.14, 6.20.20, 6.20.21
purity................................................................................................................ G4/VM1 2.0

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 NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK ARCHIVED
Index

Air-handling systems........................................................................................ G4/AS1 1.3.1 b)

Airborne and Impact Sound............................................................................................... G6

impact insulation class (IIC)........................................................................... NZBC/G6.3.2
noise transmission between abutting occupancies............................... NZBC/G6.1, G6.2
sound insulation tests...................................................................................... G6/VM1 2.0
sound transmission class (STC)..............................................NZBC/G6.3.1; G6/VM1 1.0

Alerting devices................................................................... F7/AS1 1.1.5, 1.2.8, 2.1.2, 2.2.2 b)

audible............................................................................................ F7/AS1 1.2.8, 2.1.2 c) f)
visual ....................................................................................................... F7/AS1 2.1.2 c) f)

Alerting the Fire Service......................................................... F7/AS1 1.2.2, 1.2.7, 2.1.2 a), 2.2

Alternative solutions
accessible routes............................................................................................. D1/AS1 11.0
bedding and backfilling drains......................................................................... E1/AS1 3.9.8
gas fuel appliances............................................................................................ G4/AS1 3.0
laundry tubs.................................................................................................... G2/AS1 1.0.3
open vented storage water heaters..............................................................G12/AS1 6.9.1
solid waste storage..........................................................................................G15/AS1 3.1
storage water heaters
seismic restraint................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.11.4
thermal resistance.................................................................E3/AS1 1.1.5 (Comment)
unvented (valve vented) storage water heaters........................ G12/AS1 6.10.1, Figure 14
watertightness testing.....................................................................................G12/AS1 7.5

Ancillary Buildings............................................................. NZBC/A1 8.0, D1.2.1, D1.3.2 (h),

D1.3.3, G1.3.5, G8.2, G12.3.0
Apartments
see Housing, multi-unit dwellings

Appliances
see Sanitary appliances

Aprons.......................................................................................C/AS1 7.9.12, 7.9.13, Figure 7.2

Artificial Light................... G8; NZBC/H1.2 (c), H1.3.5; D1/AS1 1.5.4 (Comment), 1.8, 4.6;
adequate lighting............................................................................................... NZBC/G8.2
energy consumption..........................................................................................H1/AS1 6.0
minimum illuminance............ NZBC/G8.3; D1/AS1 4.6.1, Table 8, G8/AS1 1.0.1, Table 1
wattage required......................................... D1/AS1 4.6.1, Table 8; G8/AS1 1.0.1, Table 1

Asbestos
see Hazardous Building Materials

Assembly care buildings

see Communal non-residential buildings

Assembly service buildings

see Communal non-residential buildings

Automatic extinguishers.........................................................................................G11/AS1 6.0

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B
Backflow prevention
see Protection of water supplies

Balconies.......................................C/AS1 3.14.6 b), 3.14.7, 3.15.7,7.8.7, Figures 3.18 and 3.22

Banks......................................................................................................... NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Commercial buildings

Barges.......................................................E2/AS1 4.6.1.5, 9.6.8.2, 9.6.9.4, Figures 92 and 97

see also Gutters, barges and fascias

Barriers............................................NZBC/F4.3.1, F4.3.4, F4.3.5, F5.3.2, F5.3.4; D1/AS1 1.7;

F4/AS1 1.0; F5/AS1 1.0
see also Access Routes, Handrails, Safety from Falling,
Timber barriers
accessible route..............................................................................................D1/AS1 2.3.1
balconies with fixed seating............................................................ F4/AS1 1.2.4, Figure 1
construction................................................................................... F4/AS1 1.2, Figures 1-4
fences........................................................................................................ F5/AS1 1.1, 1.1.2
around water hazards.................................................................................. F5/AS1 1.2
for specific hazards......................................................................................... F5/AS1 1.0.2
heights................................................................................................... F4/AS1 1.1, Table 1
hoardings......................................................................................... F5/AS1 1.1, 1.1.3, 1.1.5
viewing windows......................................................................................F5/AS1 1.1.4
parapet and rail barriers...................................................................F4/AS1 1.2.3, Figure 5
safety enclosures for ladders.......................................... D1/AS1 5.1.2, Figures 21 and 22
scaffolding....................................................................................................... F4/AS1 1.2.6
stair barriers............................................................................................... F4/AS1 Figure 4
toeboards........................................................................................................... F5/AS1 1.4
types of barriers.............................................................................................. F5/AS1 1.0.3

Basements........ C/AS1 3.3.2 i), 3.7.1, 3.15.2, 4.5.15, 6.9.3, 6.14.4, Figure 3.19; E2/AS1 12.0
drainage............................................................................................................ E2/AS1 12.3
requirements.......................................................................................... E2/AS1 12.3.1
damp-proof membrane.................................................................................... E2/AS1 12.2
DPM materials........................................................................................ E2/AS1 12.2.2
DPM requirements................................................................................. E2/AS1 12.2.1
see also Floors, basement floors

Basins........................................G1/AS1 3.3, Figure 9, Table 1; G13/AS1 3.3.2, 5.5.2, Table 2

Baths.................................................................................... G1/AS1 Table 2; G13/AS1 Table 2

Bedrooms
see Habitable spaces

Bidets............................................................................... G1/AS1 2.4; G13/AS1 5.5.2, Table 2

Boarding Houses
see Communal residential buildings

Boundary
see Notional boundary, Relevant boundaries

Bridges
see Ancillary buildings

Building construction
non-solid construction.................................................................H1/AS1 2.1.1 (Comment)
solid construction.........................................................................H1/AS1 2.1.1 (Comment)
thermal envelope.........................................................................H1/VM1 1.0, H1/AS1 2.0
thermal resistance (R-value)................ H1/VM1 1.4, H1/AS1 2.1.1 (Comment), 2.2.1, 2.3

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Building elements...........................NZBC/B1.2, B1.3.1, B1.3.2, B1.3.3, B2.3, E2.3.2, E2.3.3,

E2.3.4, E2.3.5, E2.3.6, E3.2, E3.3.5, F3.3 (f),
G3.3.2 (b) (c), G6.2, G9.3.1 (a) (e); B1/VM4 1.0.1;
C/AS1 5.1.1, 5.2.1,5.6.1
see also Floors, Ceilings, Roofs
elements in contact with the ground..............................................................NZBC/E2.3.3
primary elements..................................................C/AS1 5.1.1, 5.3.1, 5.3.2 a), c), 5.6.1 a),
5.7.1, 5.7.4, 5.7.7, 5.7.8, 5.9, 6.14.3, 7.1.2 b),
7.8.10 b), 7.9.4, 7.9.5 a), 7.10.3, 7.10.4, C7.1.1
requiring noise control.................................................................... G6/AS1 1.0.2, Figure 1
secondary elements...................................................C/AS1 5.1.1, 5.3.1, 5.3.2 b), 5.6.1 a),
5.7.1, 5.7.8, 7.1.2 b), 7.10.3, C7.1.1
unrated primary.............................................................................. C/AS1 5.9.4, Figure 5.2

Building height.......................................................................... C/AS1 5.7.6 c), 7.11.3 a), 7.11.4

Building performance index

housing..............................................................................................................H1/VM1 1.2

Building site..............................................................E1/VM1 3.2.2, 4.0.1, 4.1.10, E1/AS1 1.0.1

evaluation....................................................................................................... E1/VM1 1.0.3

Buildings
air-supported structures...............................................................................C/AS1 6.20.18
atriums...............................................................................................................C/AS1 6.22
building elements...........................................................................................B1/VM4 2.0.3
building separation....................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3 (o)
car parking.....................................C/AS1 6.8.4, 6.10.3 to 6.10.6, 7.8.2, 7.9.16, Figure 6.2
carports........................................................................................C/AS1 7.8.10 (Comment)
commercial.............................................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.1, 6.1.1
communal non-residential..............................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.3
assembly care.................................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.1, 6.1.1
assembly service.............................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.1, 6.1.1
communal residential...................................................................................... H1/AS1 1.0.1
dwellings
attached and multi-unit....................................................................C/AS1 1.3.5, 1.3.6
detached.....................................................................................................C/AS1 1.3.3
earth buildings..............................................................................B1/VM1 8.0, B1/AS1 4.0
education.............................................................................................. C/AS1 3.8.4, 6.20.7
farm buildings.................................................................................................. B1/VM1 13.0
grandstands..................................................................................................... C/AS1 3.16.7
hospitals............................................................................................................C/AS1 6.6.6
hotels, motels and accommodation.................................................................C/AS1 2.2.3
housing.........................................................................H1/VM1 1.1, 1.2, H1/AS1 1.0.1, 2.1
detached dwellings.................................................................H1/VM1 1.1 (Comment)
group dwellings....................................................................H1/VM1 1.1.1 (Comment)
multi-unit dwellings............................... H1/VM1 1.1.1, 1.2 (Comment), H1/AS1 2.1.1
wharenui...............................................................................H1/VM1 1.1.1 (Comment)
industrial..........................................................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.2
intended life
see Durability
intended use
see Intended use
large buildings...................................................................................................H1/VM1 1.3
masonry buildings............................................................................................B1/AS3 1.1.1
membrane structures..........................................NZBC/C4.1.1; C/AS1 6.20.17 to 6.20.19
minimum floor level................................................................ E1/AS1 2.0, Figures 1 and 2
multi-storey buildings............................................................................C/AS1 2.2.5, 6.12.2
open air auditoriums........................................................................................ C/AS1 3.16.5
open sided buildings...................................................... C/AS1 7.8.8 to 7.8.10, Figure 7.10
purpose group classification............................................................... C/AS1 2.2, Table 2.1
reference building........................................................................H1/AS1 2.1.1 (Comment)
remaining occupied during fire.........................................................................C/AS1 5.6.9
residential community care..................................................................................C/AS1 2.4
seasonal use buildings.................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.2 c)
single-floor buildings................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.2 a) b)

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Buildings (continued)
siteworks
see Structure
small buildings................................................................................................... H1/VM1 1.1
taverns...............................................................................................................C/AS1 2.2.3
theatres............................................................................. C/AS1 6.3.1, 6.19.9, Figure 6.13
three-floor buildings.....................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.2 b)
three storey buildings...............................................................................G13/AS1 Figure 7
timber framed buildings...................................................................................B1/AS3 1.1.1
two-floor buildings...................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.2 a) b)
wharenui.................................. C/AS1 3.3.2 h), 3.4.2 e), 6.7.9, H1/VM1 1.1.1 (Comment)

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C
Call points................................................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.4

Camping grounds............ NZBC/G2.2, G2.3.4; G1/AS1 3.4.2, Tables 1 to 3; G2/AS1 Table 1

see also Communal residential buildings

Car parking buildings

see Commercial buildings, Vehicles

Carports
see Outbuildings

Catchment
characteristics.......................................................... E1/VM1 1.0.2 a), 2.0.1, 2.1, 2.3, 4.2.1

Ceilings............................................................................... NZBC/G6.3.1; G3/AS1 2.1.2, 2.2.3

floor/ceiling assemblies............................................................................ G6/AS1 Figure 3

Centres for people with disabilities

see Communal non-residential buildings

Child care centres

see Early childhood centres and Communal non-residential Buildings

Children.............................................NZBC/D1.3.3 (h), F4.3.3, F4.3.4 (f),F4.3.5 (a), F5.2 (d),

F5.3.3, G15.3.2 (g); B1/AS2 1.0.2; D1/AS1 4.1.8 a);
F4/AS1 1.2.1, Figures 1-4; F5/AS1 1.0.2
See also Early childhood centres

Chimneys............................ B1/AS1 1.2, 8.0, B1/AS3 2.1; C/AS1 9.5, Figure 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3
bracing units.....................................................................B1/AS3 1.9, 1.9.3, 1.9.6, Table 2
brick chimneys...................................................B1/AS3 1.1.1, 1.1.3 a) b), 1.2.1 a),1.6.2 a),
1.7.1, 1.7.6, 1.8.1, 1.8.5 a), Figures 2 to 4 and 7, Table 1
cantilever height.............................................................................................. B1/AS3 1.1.2
chimney bases.................................................................... B1/AS3 1.1.3 a), 1.6.1, 1.9.4 b)
chimney breasts................................................................................... B1/AS3 1.5, Table 1
chimney depth................................................................................................. B1/AS3 1.1.3
chimney height................................................................................................ B1/AS3 1.1.2
chimney liners................................................................................................. B1/AS3 1.1.4
chimney lintels............................................................................................ B1/AS3 Table 1
chimney stacks..................................................................................... B1/AS3 1.1.2, 1.6.1
chimney wall thickness............................................................................ B1/AS3 1.2, 1.2.1
chimney width................................................................................................. B1/AS3 1.1.3
concrete chimneys................................... B1/AS3 1.1.1, 1.1.3 a) c), 1.2.1 b) c), 1.6.2 a) b),
1.7.1, 1.7.13, 1.8.2, 1.8.5 b), Figures 4 and 5, Table 1
concrete masonry...........................................................................................B1/AS3 1.8.4
floor brackets.......................................... B1/AS3 1.7.1, 1.7.3 to 1.7.5, 1.9.4 b) c), Figure 6
foundations.......................................................................B1/AS3 1.1.2, 1.1.3 a), 1.3, 1.3.1,
1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.7.4, 1.7.5, 1.8.4, Figure 1
foundation slabs..........................................................B1/AS3 1.1.2, 1.3.2, 1.7.4, 1.7.5
gathers........................................................................................ B1/AS3 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.7.5
hearths......................................................................... B1/AS3 1.4, 2.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3
hearth slabs.................................................................. B1/AS3 2.2, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3
packers...............................................................................................B1/AS3 1.7.2, 1.7.6 c)
precast pumice concrete chimneys......................................... B1/AS3 1.1.1 b), 1.1.3 a) c),
1.2.1 c), 1.6.2 b), 1.7.1,1.7.13, 1.8.3,
1.8.5 c), Figures 5 and 7, Table 1
compressive strength..........................................................................B1/AS3 1.8.3 c)
construction of.........................................................................................B1/AS3 1.8.3
restraint............................................................... B1/AS3 1.7, 1.7.1, 1.7.13, Figures 6 and 7
roof brackets................................................................. B1/AS3 1.7.1, 1.7.3, 1.7.4, Figure 6
roof ties........................................................................................................... B1/AS3 1.7.5
structural diaphragms.....................................................................................B1/AS3 1.9.5
wall ties........................................................................................ B1/AS3 1.7.5, 1.7.7, 1.7.8
closely spaced wall ties.............................................................. B1/AS3 1.7.5, 1.9.4 c)

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Churches
see Communal non-residential buildings

Cinemas................................................................................................................ NZBC/G5.3.5
see also Communal non-residential buildings

Cladding finish colours.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 2.4

Classified uses............................................................................................................. NZBC/A1

Cleaners’ sinks................................................................................................. G13/AS1 Table 2

Clubrooms
see Communal non-residential buildings

Cold water expansion valves (explosion control valves).......... G12/AS1 6.3.3 a), 6.6.2, 6.6.3,
Figures 8 to 10, Table 6
installation.................................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.6.5
relief valve drains....................................................... G12/AS1 6.7, Figures 8 to 10 and 13

Colleges
see Communal non-residential buildings

Commercial buildings........ NZBC/A1 5.0, E3.3.1, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a) (b), G3.3.2 (b), G3.3.6,
G5.2.1 (c), G5.3.4, G8.2, G9.3.4,H1.2 (c);
G3/AS1 2.0.1; H1/AS1 1.0
Communal non-residential buildings........................................... NZBC/A1 4.0, E1.3.2, E3.3.1,
G5.2.1 (c), G5.3.4, G5.3.5, G8.2,
G9.3.4, H1.2 (c); H1/AS1 1.0.3
assembly care...............................................................NZBC/A1 4.0.3; H1/AS1 1.0.1, 6.1
assembly service.......................................... NZBC/A1 4.0.2, H1.2 (a); H1/AS1 1.0.1, 6.1
halls................................................................................................................ NZBC/G5.3.5
places of assembly..................................................................................... D1/AS1 8.0

Communal residential buildings................... NZBC/A1 3.0, G5.2.1 (c), G5.3.4, G8.2, G9.3.4;
D1/AS1 9.0, 9.1.1; H1/AS1 1.0.1
community care...........................................................................................NZBC/A1 4.0.2
community service......................................................................................NZBC/A1 3.0.2

Communes
see Housing, group dwellings

Community care buildings

see Communal residential buildings

Community service buildings............................................................................... D1/AS1 1.1.3

see also Communal residential buildings

Computer centres
see Commercial buildings

Concealed spaces.....................................................................................C/AS1 6.18.1, 6.18.10

cavity barriers....................................................................... C/AS1 6.18.1, 6.18.4 to 6.18.6
ceiling space firecells...................................................................................... C/AS1 6.12.8
ceiling space restrictions............................................................... C/AS1 6.18.7 to 6.18.10
in walls and floors........................................................................................... C/AS1 6.18.4
within firecells.................................................................C/AS1 6.18.2, 6.18.3, Figure 6.10
see also External Moisture, Internal Moisture

Concealed works............................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1 b)

Concrete.................................................................................................................... B2/AS1 3.1

see also Design, concrete

Condensation
see Internal Moisture

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Construction moisture............................................................................................ E2/AS1 11.0

maximum acceptable moisture contents........................................................ E2/AS1 11.2
measuring moisture content............................................................................ E2/AS1 11.3
concrete floors....................................................................................... E2/AS1 11.3.2
timber......................................................................................................E2/AS1 11.3.1
moisture in materials.........................................................................................E2/AS1 11.1

Construction site barriers...................................................................................... F4/AS1 1.2.6

Construction and Demolition Hazards............................................................................... F5

areas accessible to the public.........................................................................NZBC/F5.3.2
barriers............................................................................................... NZBC/F5.3.2, F5.3.4
demolition sites.................................................................................................. F5/AS1 1.0
entry of children...................................................... NZBC/F5.2 (d), F5.3.3; F5/AS1 1.0.2
falling objects............................................................................. NZBC/F5.2 (a) (b), F5.3.1
lifting equipment.............................................................................................NZBC/F5.3.4

Contaminants
see Hazardous agents on site, contaminants

Contaminated air discharge............................................................................... G4/AS1 1.3.1 f)

Control panel..................................................................................F7/AS1 1.1.5, 1.2.2, 2.2.2 b)

Cooling towers............................................................................................................... HB CS 9

Corridors.............................................................................................. C/AS1 6.13.1, Figure 6.5

see also Access Routes

Corrosives
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 8

Creep
see Structure, loads

Cross connections
see Protection of water supplies

Cyclic loads
see Structure, loads

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D
Dampness
see External Moisture, Internal Moisture

Dams
see Ancillary buildings

Dangerous goods
see also Hazardous Building Materials, Hazardous Substances and Processes

Day care institution

see Early childhood centres, Communal non-residential buildings

Dead ends
see Escape routes

Decks and pergolas..................................................................................... E2/AS1 7.0, 9.1.3.6

see also Membrane roofs and decks
see also Enclosed Balustrades
attachment to building structure....................................................................... E2/AS1 7.2
pergolas................................................................................... E2/AS1 7.2.2, Figure 15
slatted timber decks to walls.................................................. E2/AS1 7.2.1, Figure 15
cantilevered decks...........................................................E2/AS1 7.2.1.1, Figure 16
level thresholds...............................................................E2/AS1 7.3, Figures 17A and 17B
enclosed decks...................................................................... E2/AS1 7.3.1, Figure 17A
ground floor level access......................................................E2/AS1 7.3.2, Figure 17B
concrete slab............................................... E2/AS1 Paragraph 7.3.2.1, Figure 17B
timber floor.................................................. E2/AS1 Paragraph 7.3.2.2, Figure 17B
removable surfaces................................................................. E2/AS1 7.3.1, Figure 16
timber option.................................................................................... E2/AS1 7.3.1.2
thresholds for decks...........................................................................E2/AS1 7.1, Figure 14
enclosed decks..........................................................................................E2/AS1 7.1.2
slatted decks.............................................................. E2/AS1 7.1.1, Figures 15 and 16

Deflections
see Structure

Demolition
see Construction and Demolition Hazards

Dental surgeries........................................................................................ NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Commercial buildings

Design
aluminium.......................................................................................................... B1/VM1 7.0
concrete............................................................................................................B1/VM1 3.0
drains
see Drains
foundations
see Foundations
loadings...................................................................................................... B1/VM1 1.1, 2.0
earthquake..................................................................................... B1/AS3 1.9, Table 2
limit state.......................................................................................B1/VM1 1.1.2, 7.1 b)
non-limit state......................................................................................... B1/VM1 1.1.3
site effects (local) or faults..................................................................... B1/VM1 1.1.4
masonry............................................................... B1/VM1 4.0, B1/AS1 2.0, B1/AS3 1.3.3
siteworks......................................................................................................... B1/VM1 10.0
steel...................................................................................................................B1/VM1 5.0
strength reduction factor..................................... B1/VM4 2.0.1, 3.5.1, 4.7, Tables 1 and 4
timber...........................................................................................B1/VM1 6.0, B1/AS1 3.0
see also Timber barriers
windows
see Windows

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Design loads
see Structure, loads

Detached dwellings
see Housing

Differential movement
see Structure, loads

Disabled persons
see a Person with a disability

Discharge pipes............................. G3/AS1 1.1.5; G13/AS1 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 5.1.1, 5.5, 5.7.3,
Figures 6 and 11, Table 4
branch discharge pipes............................................................................G13/AS1 Figure 7
diameters..........................................G13/AS1 3.3.2, 4.3, 5.3, Table 6, G13/AS2 3.6, 4.2
fixture discharge pipes....................................... G13/AS1 Figures 7 and 8, Tables 2 and 4
gradient...............................................................G13/AS1 4.4, 5.4, G13/AS2 3.5, Table 2
waste pipes
combined waste pipes......................................................................G13/AS1 Figure 5
developed lengths.............................................................G13/AS1 Figures 5, 6 and 8

Discharge stacks....................................................................... G13/AS1 4.2.2 a), 4.5.1 b), 4.7,

5.3.1, 5.6, Figures 7 to 9, Tables 3, 4 and 6
see also Discharge pipes, Pipes
discharge stack vents.............................G13/AS1 4.7.1 b), 5.2.1 b), 5.3.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.3 b),
Figures 7 and 8, Table 6, G13/AS2 4.1.5, Figure 5

Discharge units.................................................................. G13/AS1 Table 2, G13/AS2 Table 2

Dishwashing machine................................................................... G13/AS1 3.3.2 a) e), Table 2

Domestic buildings
see Housing

Doors
see also Windows and doors
NZBC/D1.3.4 (f), D1.3.1 (c),D1.3.3 (n), D1.3.4 (f), D2.3.5 (c),
F5.3.2 (d); C/AS1 3.9.1, 3.11.6, 6.19.4; D1/AS1 7.0,
Figure 27;
acceptable obstructions....................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.6
accessible doors................................................................................D1/AS1 7.0.3 to 7.0.5
accessible escape routes..................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.7
automatic sliding doors....................................................................................C/AS1 3.17.7
closers and latching.........................................................................................C/AS1 3.17.1
degree and width of opening...............................................................C/AS1 3.17.4, 3.17.5
delayed action unlocking devices.................................................................. C/AS1 3.17.11
direction of opening.............................................................................C/AS1 3.17.3, 3.17.4
door swings.................................................................. C/AS1 3.4.5 b), 3.13.2, 3.17.5 d) e)
fire doors C/AS1 3.3.1 b), 3.6.1 c), 3.11.9, 3.17.9, 3.17.13, 6.19.2 a),
C8.1, Figures 3.29 to 3.31, Table 6.1;
frameless glass doors.................................................................................... D1/AS1 7.0.7
glazing........................................................C/AS1 5.8.10, 5.8.11; D1/AS1 7.0.4, Figure 28
handles............................................................................................................ D1/AS1 7.0.5
hold-open devices..........................................C/AS1 3.17.1 b), 3.17.9, F7/AS1 1.3.6, 1.5.2
lift landing doors........................................................... C/AS1 6.16.5 b), 6.19.13, Table 6.1
lobby doors...................................................................................................... D1/AS1 7.0.1
locking devices.................................................................................... C/AS1 3.17.2, 3.18.6
markings.............................................................................................. C/AS1 6.19.6, 6.19.7
panic bolts......................................................................................................C/AS1 3.17.14
revolving doors, automatic doors and
access control systems................................................................ C/AS1 3.17.7, 3.17.8,
Figure 3.26; D1/AS1 7.0.6, Figure 29
signs................................................................................................................C/AS1 3.20.1
smoke control doors....................................C/AS1 3.17.9, 3.17.12, 6.9.11, 6.19.2 b), C8.1,
Figures 3.27, 3.28 and 6.1, Table 6.1

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Doors (continued)
subdividing escape routes................................................................................. C/AS1 3.17
turnstiles......................................................................................................... D1/AS1 7.0.6
visibility............................................................................................................ D1/AS1 7.0.4
vision panels........................................................................................ C/AS1 3.17.6, 5.8.10
width................................................................................................................ D1/AS1 7.0.3

Downlights..................................................................................................................C/AS1 9.4

Downpipes..........................................................................E1/AS1 3.4.2 a) b), 3.7.8, 4.0, 5.1.1

installation.......................................................................................................... E1/AS1 4.3
materials................................................................................................ E1/AS1 4.1, Table 4
sizing......................................................................................................E1/AS1 4.2, Table 5

Drainage system.............................................................. G13/AS1 5.1.2, 5.5.2, 5.7.3, 5.7.4 b),

G13/AS2 1.0.2, 3.1.1, 3.3.2, 4.1.1, 5.10.1
Drains................................................................................ NZBC/G13.2, G13.3.1 (a), G13.3.2,
G13.3.3, G15.3.3; B1/VM1 11.0,
B1/AS1 6.0; G13/AS1 4.2.2 d), G13/AS2 1.0
access points........................................................................ E1/AS1 3.7, 3.7.3, 3.7.7, 3.7.8
access chambers..........E1/VM1 5.0.1, E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b), 3.7.4, 3.7.5, Figure 12
inspection chambers..............................E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b), 3.7.4, 3.7.5, Figure 11
inspection points.........................................................................E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b)
rodding points.............................................................E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 a), Figure 10
alignment................................................................... E1/AS1 3.3, 3.7.3 a), Figures 4 and 5
see also Drain, layout
bedding and backfilling...........................E1/AS1 3.9, 3.9.2, Figure 13; G13/AS2 Figure 7
alternative solutions................................................................................. E1/AS1 3.9.8
materials.....................................................................E1/AS1 3.9.5; G13/AS2 Table 1
placing and compacting................................................... E1/AS1 3.9.6; G13/AS2 5.5
proximity to buildings............................................................. E1/AS1 3.9.7, Figure 14;
trench slope.............................................................................................. E1/AS1 3.9.3
trench width............................................................................................. E1/AS1 3.9.4
bends................................................................................................................G13/AS2 3.1
bubble-up chamber system................................................. E1/AS1 3.4.2, Figures 6 and 7
connections................................................................................... G13/AS2 3.2.1, Figure 1
construction..................................................................................... G13/AS2 5.2, Figure 7
diameter
see Drains, sizing
disused drains................................................................................................G13/AS2 5.10
downstream water systems............................................................................. E1/VM1 4.3
drain vent pipes..........................................................................G13/AS2 Figure 3, Table 3
drains under buildings........................................................................ E1/AS1 3.7.6 to 3.7.8
gradient.........................E1/AS1 3.3.1, 3.7.3 b) ; G13/AS1 Table 5, G13/AS2 3.5, Table 2
minimum gradient..........................................................................E1/AS1 3.4, Table 2
installation................................................................................................ G13/AS2 5.0, 5.5
joints.............................................................................. E1/AS1 3.5, Table 3; G13/AS2 5.1
junctions.......................................................................................................... G13/AS2 3.2
layout...................................................................... E1/AS1 3.3.1, 3.7.3 a), Figures 4 and 5
leakage tests................................................................................ E1/VM1 8.0, E1/AS1 3.8
high pressure air test.................................................................................. E1/VM1 8.3
low pressure air test................................................................................... E1/VM1 8.2
water test.............................................................................................. E1/VM1 8.1
maintenance access
see Maintenance access to drains
materials...........................................................E1/AS1 3.1, Table 1; G13/AS2 2.0, Table 1
open water, upstream of site............................................................................ E1/VM1 4.2
pipe water, upstream of site...................................................................... E1/VM1 4.1
quantity...................................................................................................E1/VM1 4.1.10
tailwater depth...............................................................................E1/VM1 4.1.6, 4.1.7
proximity to buildings....................................................................... G13/AS2 5.6, Figure 8
secondary flow............................................................ E1/VM1 4.0, 4.1.11 E1/AS1 1.0.1 d)
downstream drainage................................................................................ E1/VM1 4.3
headwater depth.............. E1/VM1 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.1.8, 4.1.9, Figures 5 to 7, 10 and 11

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Index

Drains (continued)
site – outfall protection..................................................................................... E1/VM1 7.0
sizing........................................ E1/VM1 3.0, E1/AS1 3.2, Figure 3; G13/AS2 3.6, Table 2
energy losses............................................................................................. E1/VM1 5.0
hydraulic design of drains......................................E1/VM1 1.0.4, 3.2, Figures 6 and 7
air entrainment...................................................................................E1/VM1 3.2.4
headwater depth.............................................................E1/VM1 3.2.2, Figure 5 a)
minimum size........................................................................................ E1/VM1 3.1
minimum velocity.................................................................................. E1/VM1 6.0
pipe size decrease...................................................................................E1/VM1 5.0.2
soak pits........................................................................................... E1/VM1 9.0, Figure 13
sumps......................................................................... E1/AS1 3.6.1, 3.6.2, Figures 8 and 9
surface water inlets............................................................................................ E1/AS1 3.6
under buildings................................................ E1/AS1 3.7.6; G13/AS2 5.8, 5.9, Figure 13
upstream water systems........................................................................... E1/VM1 4.1, 4.2
ventilation.................................................................. G13/AS2 4.0, Figures 4 to 6, Table 3
watertightness.............................................................................................. G13/AS2 6.1.1

Draught diverters.................................................................................................. G4/AS1 2.3.2

Drinking fountains............................................................................................ G13/AS1 Table 2

Durability.....................................................................B2; B2/VM1 1.0, B2/AS1 1.2, Figure 1

code compliance certificate.............................................................................. NZBC/B2.3
ease of access and replacement.................................................................... B2/AS1 1.2.1
evaluation..................................................................... B2/VM1 1.0, B2/AS1 1.2, Figure 1
examples of requirement............................................................B2/AS1 1.3.1, Table 1
generic materials.........................................................................................B2/AS1 3.0
in service history........................................................................................ B2/VM1 1.1
laboratory testing.......................................................................................B2/VM1 1.2
similar materials.........................................................................................B2/VM1 1.3
intended life.................................................................................. NZBC/B1.3.1, B2.1, B2.3
5 year durability.................................................................................... B2/AS1 Table 1
15 year durability.................................................................................. B2/AS1 Table 1
50 year durability.................................................................................. B2/AS1 Table 1
maintenance.......................................................................................................B2/AS1 2.0
normal.......................................................................................................... B2/AS1 2.1
scheduled....................................................................................................B2/AS1 2.2
specified intended life....................................................................................... NZBC/B2.3
timber.................................................................................................................B2/AS1 3.2

Dynamic loads
see Structure, loads

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E
Early childhood centres.............................. NZBC/G2.2, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a) to (d),G5.2.1 (a),
G5.3.1, G5.3.2, G7.2, G12.3.4; G2/AS1 Table 1;
G3/AS1 1.0.1; G5/AS1 1.0.3
see also Communal non-residential buildings

Earth buildings..........................................................................................................B2/AS1 3.4

Earth pressure
see Structure, loads

Earth retaining structures.....................................................................................B1/VM4 2.0.3

Earthquakes
see Structure, loads
seismic resistance of building services ......................................................... B1/VM1 14.0

Ease of access and replacement........................................................................... B2/AS1 1.2.1

Effluents.......................................................................................................... B1/VM4 A1.2.1 f)

EIFS........................................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.9

coating.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.6
decorative mouldings............................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.6.4
finish coats............................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.6.3
reinforcing.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.9.6.1
reinforcing base coat.............................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.6.2
EIFS/floor slab junction................................................................ E2/AS1 9.9.7, Figure 125
general.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.2
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.9.4, Table 23
fixing blocks...........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.4.4
fixings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.9.4.1, Table 24
joints.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.4.2
movement control joints................................................... E2/AS1 9.9.4.3, Figure 124
insulation.........................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.5
battens................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.9.5.1
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.9.1
materials..........................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.3
fibreglass reinforcing mesh...................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.3.2
polystyrene sheet..................................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.3.1
parapets and enclosed balustrades.............................................................. E2/AS1 9.9.10
EIFS topped enclosed balustrades..................................E2/AS1 9.9.10.2, Figure 129
metal cappings..............................................E2/AS1 9.9.10.1, Figures 12, 13 and 130
pipes and service penetrations....................................................E2/AS1 9.9.8, Figure 126
windows and doors...................................................... E2/AS1 9.9.9, Figures 127 and 128

Electrical codes of practice.......................................................... G9/VM1 1.0.1, G9/AS1 1.0.1

Electricity.............................................................................................................................. G9
electrical installations..........................NZBC/G9.1, G9.2, G9.3.1 to G9.3.3; G9/VM1 1.0
domestic cooking and refrigeration.........................................................G3/AS1 1.4.1
laundries...................................................................................................G2/AS1 1.1.2
electromechanical stress......................................................................... NZBC/G9.3.1 (d)
essential services........................................................................................... NZBC/G9.3.2
external supply system.................................................................................. NZBC/G9.3.3
a person with a disabilitiy............................................................................... NZBC/G9.3.4
light switches.................................................................................. G9/AS1 2.0.1 a) b)
socket outlets.......................................................................................G9/AS1 2.0.1 c)
temperature.........................................................................................NZBC/G9.3.1 (c) (d)

Emergency lighting
see Lighting for Emergency

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Enclosed balustrades................................................... E2/AS1 7.4, 9.3.9, 9.4.8, 9.5.5,9.6.9.8,

9.7.8, 9.8.7, 9.9.10, Figures 101 and 102
balustrade-to-deck floor junction..................................... E2/AS1 7.4.3, Figures 18 and 62
balustrade-to-wall junctions.................................................... E2/AS1 7.4.2, Figures 11-13
deck drainage.................................................................................................. E2/AS1 7.4.1
EIFS-topped............................................................................E2/AS1 9.9.10.2, Figure 129
flush-finished topped balustrades.............................................E2/AS1 9.7.8.1, Figure 117
metal cappings....................................................................E2/AS1 7.4.4, Table 7, Figure 5
balustrades for housing..................................................E2/AS1 7.4.4.1, Figures 11-13
balustrades – other than housing.................................. E2/AS1 7.4.4.2, Figures 11-13
stanchions...................................................................................... E2/AS1 7.4.5, Figure 19
stucco topped balustrades........................................................ E2/AS1 9.3.9.1, Figure 117

Enclosing rectangles.................................................................................. C/AS1 7.3.6, 7.5, 7.6

building on sloping sites and
buildings of irregular height.......................................... C/AS1 7.5.9, 7.5.10, Figure 7.7
exceptions for SH, SR and SA buildings............................... C/AS1 7.5.7, 7.5.8, Figure 7.7
Method 2.............................................................................. C/AS1 7.3.4 a), 7.3.6 to 7.3.8,
7.3.12, 7.5, Figures 7.5 to 7.7, Table 7.2
Method 3......................................................... C/AS1 7.3.4 b), .3.8, 7.3.12, 7.6, Figure 7.8
Method 4..................................... C/AS1 7.3.4 c), 7.3.9, 7.7, Figure 7.9, Tables 7.3 and 7.4

Energy cut-offs..................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.4.1 c), 6.5.2

Energy Efficiency..........................................................................................H1; E3/AS1 1.1.5;

building performance index (BPI)............................................ NZBC/H1.3.2; H1/VM1 1.2
heat gain......................................................................... NZBC/H1.3.3 (d) (f); H1/AS1 4.0
heat loss......................................................................................................... NZBC/H1.3.4
heating............................................................................................................ NZBC/H1.3.2
indoor temperature and humidity................................................... NZBC/H1.2 (a), H1.3.1

Energy efficiency provisions

airflow control....................................................................................................H1/AS1 3.0
artificial lighting........................................................................................H1/AS1 1.0.3, 6.0
building performance index .............................................................................H1/VM1 1.2
hot water systems.............................................................................................H1/AS1 5.0
internal moisture gain...........................H1/VM1 1.2.1 Comment, H1/AS1 2.1.1 Comment
solar heat gain....................................................................................................H1/AS1 4.0

Entrances
principal............................................................................................................D1/AS1 1.1.1

Environment
see Interior Environment

Escalators
see Mechanical Installations for Access

Escape height...............................................C/AS1 2.2.9 a), 3.3.4, 3.15.3 a), 3.15.6,3.15.7 a),

3.18.1, 4.5.10 b), 5.3.3 c), 7.10.3 Comment
7.9.10, Figure 3.20, Table 4.1
Escape routes.................... NZBC/F6.2, F6.3.2, F8.2 (a), F8.3.3 (a); C/AS1 3.1 to 3.4, 3.6.1,
3.7.1, 3.9.12 to 3.9.14, 3.11.4, 3.17.3, 3.17.5, 4.5.7,
Figures 3.1 to 3.5, Tables 3.1 and 3.2;
D1/AS1 1.1.5; F8/AS1 3.0
see also Means of Escape
accessible.......................................................................................... C/AS1 3.3.7, 3.17.5 a)
doors subdividing escape routes....................................................................... C/AS1 3.17
exitways......................................C/AS1 3.3.2 a), 3.11, 3.12, 6.9.1, 6.16.7, A2.1.1 Type 16,
Figures 3.3 and 3.20, Tables 2.1, 6.1 to 6.3
external exitways...................................................C/AS1 3.16.4, 5.6.3 c), 7.9.1, 7.9.3
lighting...................................................................................................... C/AS1 3.19.1
lighting for emergency
see Fire safety precautions
pressurisation
see Fire safety precautions

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Escape routes; exitways (continued)

split level exitways.............................................................. C/AS1 3.15.8, Figure 3.24
ventilation of enclosed exitways................................................ C/AS1 6.9.6 to 6.9.10
external............................................................................................................... C/AS1 3.14
handrails..................................................................C/AS1 3.3.3, 3.3.6 b), 3.9.8, 6.20.4 c)
height and width of escape routes......................................................................C/AS1 3.3
height..........................................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.1
width........................................ C/AS1 3.3.2 to 3.3.5, 3.9.4 to 3.9.6, 3.9.12 e), 3.17.5,
Figures 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6, Tables 3.2 and 3.4
length of escape routes........................................................C/AS1 3.4, 3.5, 3.11.7, 6.13.1,
Figures 3.7, 3.9 and 3.10, Table 3.3
number of escape routes..................................................C/AS1 3.2, Figure 3.2, Table 3.1
obstructions....................................................... C/AS1 3.3.6, 3.4.2 c), 3.17.5 a) e), 3.18.3
access control systems.............................................................................C/AS1 3.17.7
chains..........................................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.6
crowd control barriers................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.6
sliding bars.................................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.6
turnstiles.....................................................................................................C/AS1 3.3.6
open paths............................................................C/AS1 2.2.8, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.5, 3.3.2 f),
3.3.7, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.8, 3.9, 3.17.3 a),
3.17.5 a), A2.1.1 Type 16, Figures 3.1, 3.7,
3.9, 3.12 and 3.16, Table 3.3
dead end open paths...................................................... C/AS1 1.3.4 Step 2, 3.3.2 b),
3.4.2, 3.5.1, 3.10, 3.14.4, Table 3.3
increases in open path lengths.....................................................................C/AS1 3.5
intermediate floors..................................................................C/AS1 3.3.2 f), 3.4.1 a),
3.4.6, 3.9.13, Figure 3.9
length.................. C/AS1 1.3.4 Step 2, 2.2.8, 3.1.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.4, 3.4.6 to 3.4.8,
3.5, 3.15.1, Figures 3.7 and 3.9, Table 3.3
number of open paths................................................................................C/AS1 3.8.1
ramps....................................................................................C/AS1 3.1.4, 3.9.2, 3.14.7
separation of open paths........................................................C/AS1 3.8.3, Figure 3.12
size of open paths......................................................................................C/AS1 3.8.1
sloping floors and ceilings......................................................................C/AS1 3.4.8 a)
special cases.................................................................................................C/AS1 3.9
aisles.................................................................... C/AS1 3.9.4 to 3.9.9, Figure 3.15
exception for education buildings.........................................................C/AS1 3.8.4
fixed seating.......................................C/AS1 3.9.3, Figures 3.13 to 3.15, Table 3.4
ladders................................................................................................. C/AS1 3.10.2
long corridors.......................................................................C/AS1 6.13, Figure 6.5
loose seating........................................................................... C/AS1 3.9.10, 3.9.11
separate tenancies................................................................................ C/AS1 3.9.1
subdivision....................................................................................... C/AS1 6.13.1 a)
unenclosed stairs................................................................................ C/AS1 3.9.14
protected paths................................... C/AS1 3.1.2, 3.7.1 a), 3.9.12, 3.9.13, 3.11.1, 3.11.2,
3.15.3 b), 3.16.3, 6.9.1, 6.9.6 a), 6.10.4 a),
6.11.3 b), Figures 3.1, 3.7, 3.8, 3.11, 3.19,
3.28 and 3.30, Tables 2.1 and 6.1
floor area.......................................................................................... C/AS1 3.4.3, 3.4.5
length..................................................... C/AS1 3.1.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.4, 6.13.1 a), Table 3.3
subdivision............................................................................................ C/AS1 6.13.1 a)
safe paths............................... C/AS1 3.1.2, 3.4.1 b), 3.7.1, 3.9.14, 3.11.4 to 3.11.6, 3.11.9,
3.14.1, 3.15.3 b), 3.15.6, 3.15.8 a), 3.16.1,3.16.6, 3.16.8,
3.16.9, 6.9.2 to 6.9.4, 6.10.4 a), 6.22.2 d), 7.2.1 b), 7.7.1,
A2.1.1 Type 13 Type 19, Figures 3.1, 3.8, 3.16, 3.19, 3.21,
3.22, 3.24, 3.29 to 3.31 and 5.1, Tables 2.1, 6.1 and 7.4
glazing..........................................................................................C/AS1 5.8, Figure 5.1
horizontal safe paths......... C/AS1 3.11.6 a), 3.11.7, 3.11.8, 3.17.9 b), 3.17.13 e), 6.9.8
length restrictions.....................................................................C/AS1 3.11.7, 3.15.5 c)
permitted activities.................................................................................. C/AS1 3.12.2
subdivision............................................................................................ C/AS1 6.13.1 a)
vertical safe paths....................................C/AS1 3.11.6 b), 3.11.7, 3.12.3,3.13, 3.16.3,
3.17.9 b), 3.17.12 a),3.17.13 e), 6.9.7, 6.9.11,
A2.1.1 Type 14, Figure 6.1

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Index

Escape routes (continued)

signs...................................................................................................................C/AS1 3.20
single escape routes.......................................................................................... C/AS1 3.15
active purpose groups.................................................................. C/AS1 3.15.3, 3.15.4
basements............................................................................ C/AS1 3.15.2, Figure 3.19
bridges.................................................................................. C/AS1 3.15.7, Figure 3.23
external balconies................................................................C/AS1 3.15.7, Figure 3.22
external stairways.................................................................................... C/AS1 3.15.7
intermediate floors.............................................................................. C/AS1 6.22.2 c)
internal stairs........................................................................C/AS1 3.15.6, Figure 3.21
sleeping purpose groups......................................................C/AS1 3.15.5, Figure 3.21
split level exitways.............................................................. C/AS1 3.15.8, Figure 3.24
stairs...........................................................C/AS1 3.15.6, 3.15.7, Figures 3.21 to 3.23
surface finishes.............................................................C/AS1 3.3.2 h), 3.4.2 e), Table 6.2

Equipotential bonding.............................................................................................G12/AS1 9.0

earth bonding conductors............................................................................... G12/AS1 9.3
installation of conductors................................................................................ G12/AS1 9.2
metallic sanitary fixtures...................................................... G12/AS1 9.2.2, Figure 20
metallic water supply pipes..................................................G12/AS1 9.2.1, Figure 19

Escape through adjacent firecell....................................................... C/AS1 3.9.12, Figure 3.16

Escape through adjoining building.......................................................... C/AS1 3.6, Figure 3.11

Evacuation time..................................................................................................... NZBC/F6.3.1

Exitways................................................................. F7/AS1 1.2.6, 1.3.5 c), F8/AS1 3.1.1, 3.2.3

pressurisation.................................................................................................. F7/AS1 1.3.7

Explosion
see Structure, loads, and Hazardous Substances and Processes

Explosives
see also Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 1 Explosives

External Moisture..................................................................................................................E2
concealed spaces............................................................................................NZBC/E2.3.5
elements in contact with the ground..............................................................NZBC/E2.3.3
external walls................................................................................................. NZBC/E2.3.2
moisture present at completion of construction............................................NZBC/E2.3.6
roofs................................................................................................... NZBC/E2.3.1, E2.3.2
scope.................................................................................................. E2/VM1 1.2, AS1 1.0
construction excluded................................................................................. E2/AS1 1.2
acoustics............................................................................................. E2/AS1 1.2.3
commercial and industrial roofing.........................................................E2/VM1 3.0
outbuildings......................................................................................... E2/AS1 1.2.1
skillion roofs..........................................................................................E2/VM1 3.0
spread of flame................................................................................... E2/AS1 1.2.2
construction included.................................................................................. E2/AS1 1.1
provisions for snow..................................................................................... E2/AS1 1.3
qualifications............................................................................................... E2/AS1 1.5
specific design............................................................................................ E2/AS1 1.4
windows and doors..............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.1
snow................................................................................................................NZBC/E2.3.1
suspended floors............................................................................................NZBC/E2.3.4
Verification Method........................................................ E2/VM1 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Appendix 1
alternative test options............................................................................... E2/VM1 1.5
commercial and industrial roofing..............................................................E2/VM1 3.0
general........................................................................................................ E2/VM1 1.1
pitched roofing systems............................................................................. E2/VM1 2.0
scope.......................................................................................................... E2/VM1 1.2
skillion roofs................................................................................................E2/VM1 3.0
sest procedure........................................................................................... E2/VM1 1.4

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

External walls................................ C/AS1 3.14.3, 3.14.5, 3.14.6, 5.7.5, 5.7.6, 6.12.7, 7.1.1,
7.3, 7.4.1, 7.5 to 7.7, 7.8.7, 7.9.7, 7.9.10, 7.9.11, 7.10,
7.11.2, Figures 6.11, 6.12, 7.1, 7.3 and 7.11, Table 7.5
cladding....................................................C/AS1 7.9.18, 7.11.2, 7.11.3, C9.1, Table 7.5
fire resistance ratings........................ C/AS1 3.14.5, 3.14.6, 5.7.5, 5.7.6, 7.3.10, 7.4.3,
7.8.3 to 7.8.5, 7.8.10 c), 7.9.9, 7.9.13, 7.10
firecell separation............ C/AS1 7.3, 7.8 to 7.10, Figures 7.1 to 7.12, Tables 7.1 to 7.4
glazing.....................................C/AS1 7.3.3 c), 7.3.5 to 7.3.7, 7.4, Figure 7.4, Table 7.1
return walls............... C/AS1 7.3.3 e), 7.3.9, 7.7, 7.10.4, Figure 7.9, Tables 7.3 and 7.4
surface finishes............................................................ C/AS1 7.1.2 c), 7.11.2 to 7.11.3
wing walls................................... C/AS1 7.3.3 d), 7.3.9, 7.7, 7.10.4, Tables 7.3 and 7.4

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Index

F
F rating
see Fire resistance ratings

Factories
see Industrial buildings

Falsework
see Structure

Farm buildings
see Buildings, farm buildings

Fascias
see Gutters, barges and fascias

FHC
see Fire hazard category
FI
see Flammability index

Fibre cement sheet..................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.3.6.2, 9.7

corners............................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.5
flush-finished systems ..............................................E2/AS1 9.7.5.2, Figures 111-113
(internal and external corners)
non-flush-finished ............................................ E2/AS1 9.7.5.1, Figures 109, 111-112
(internal and external corners)
decorative attachments.................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.7.9
finishes...........................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.7.10
flush-finished cladding........................................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.10.2
non-flush-finished cladding..................................................................E2/AS1 9.7.10.1
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.7.3, Table 23
fixings.....................................................................................E2/AS1 9.7.3.1, Table 24
joints................................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.4
control joints........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.7.4.1, Table 19
flush-finished...................................................................... E2/AS1 9.7.4.3, Figure 110
non-flush-finished.....................................................E2/AS1 9.7.4.2, Figures 103-108
limitations.........................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.7.1
flush-finished joint systems................................................................... E2/AS1 9.7.1.1
material............................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.2
parapets and enclosed balustrades................................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.8
flush-finished topped balustrades......................................E2/AS1 9.7.8.1, Figure 117
soffit details.................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.7.6, Figure 114
windows and doors......................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.7.7
windows – direct fixed........................................................ E2/AS1 9.7.7.1, Figure 115
windows – on cavity............................................................E2/AS1 9.7.7.2, Figure 116
Fibre cement weatherboards................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.5
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.5.3, Table 23
external corners..................................................... E2/AS1 9.5.3.3, Figures 88 and 89
fixings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.5.3.1, Table 24
internal corners.................................................................... E2/AS1 9.5.3.4, Figure 89
laps and joints...................................................................... E2/AS1 9.5.3.2, Figure 87
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.5.1
material performance......................................................................................E2/AS1 9.5.2
parapets and enclosed balustrades................................................................E2/AS1 9.5.5
protective coating............................................................................................E2/AS1 9.5.6
windows and doors.........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.5.4
windows – direct fixed.........................................................E2/AS1 9.5.4.1, Figure 90
windows – on cavity............................................................ E2/AS1 9.5.4.2, Figure 91

Filters
see Strainers

Final exits.............C/AS1 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.14.5, 3.16.4, 3.17.1 c), 3.18.1, 6.20.18 a), Figures 3.1,
3.2, 3.12, 3.19, 3.24 and 3.31, Table 6.1; F8/AS1 3.1.1 a) b), 3.2.3 a)

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Fire alarm systems

see Fire safety precautions

Fire engineering design................................................................................ F7/AS1 1.1.7, 1.4.1

Fire fighting facilities...................................................................................................C/AS1 8.2

Fire hazard categories (FHC)............ C/AS1 1.3.2 Step 3, 2.2.1, 3.12.2 d),3.12.3 c), 3.15.2 b),
3.15.3 a), 4.2.3, 5.4.1 f) j), 6.6.7, 6.20.7, 6.20.15 a),
6.21.5 a), 6.22.1, 7.1.3, 7.3.2 b), 7.5.2, 7.5.3 Step 4,
7.7.5 Step 5, 7.8.1, 7.8.2, 7.8.9 c) d), 7.10.5 a),
Figures 3.19, 3.20, 1 and 7.10 Note 3,
Tables 2.1, 5.1, 7.1 to 7.4
category 4 buildings.........................C/AS1 2.2.10, 5.6.11 to 5.6.13, 7.8.1, 7.8.2, Table 2.1

Fire load energy density (FLED)..................................C/AS1 2.2.1 comments, 2.2.10, Table 5

Fire resistance ratings (FRR).....................................C/AS1 1.3.2 Step 8, 1.3.4 Steps 4 and 6,

1.3.5 b), 3.6.1 c), 3.14.6 c), 3.16.6, 4.1.2, 4.3.2, 5.1, 5.2,
5.9.5 a) b), 5.9.6, 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.6.1, 6.6.2, 6.6.5 to 6.6.7,
6.7.1, 6.7.2, 6.7.5, 6.7.6, 6.8.1, 6.9.2, 6.9.3, 6.10.1,
6.10.2, 6.10.5, 6.11.1, 6.12.1, 6.12.6, 6.14, 6.15,
6.16.2, 6.17.2, 6.18.8, 6.19.14, 7.2.1, 7.4.3, 7.8.1 a),
7.8.2 to 7.8.6, 7.8.10 b) c), 7.9.3, 7.9.4, 7.9.8 b),
7.9.13, 7.10, C7.1.1, Figure 7.10, Table 6.1
application of F and S ratings...............................................................................C/AS1 5.3
applying FRRs to building elements.................................................................... C/AS1 5.7
concessions for multiple purpose groups..............................................C/AS1 5.6.7, 5.6.8
determining F and S ratings..........................................................................C/AS1 5.4, 5.5
determining the FRR.....................................................................................C/AS1 5.6
fire resistance tests...............................................................................C/AS1 5.9.6, C7.1.1
firecell rating (F).................. C/AS1 3.16.6, 4.1.2, 4.3.2, 4.4.1 Step 5, 4.5.7, 4.5.14, 5.2.2,
5.3.1, 5.4, 5.5.1, 5.6.5, 5.6.9 a), 6.15.1, 6.16.2,
6.20.15, 7.2.1 a), 7.10.2, 7.10.3, Table 4.1
firecells rated F0...................................................................................................C/AS1 6.2
floors................................C/AS1 3.14.6 c), 4.3.2, 5.6.4 d), 5.7.3, 6.10.3, 6.14, 6.15, 7.8.6
insulation rating.................................................................... C/AS1 5.1.1 c), 5.6.4 to 5.6.6,
5.8.10, 6.19.13, 7.8.1 a), Table 6.1 Notes
integrity rating................................................................ C/AS1 5.1.1 b), 5.6.6, 5.8.2, 7.4.3
intermediate floors..............................................................................C/AS1 4.5.16, 6.14.3
minimum FRRs.................................................................................................. C/AS1 5.7.9
open sided buildings........................................................... C/AS1 7.8.10 b) c), Figure 7.10
reductions for sprinklered firecells...................................................................C/AS1 5.6.6
roofs........................................................ C/AS1 7.8.1, 7.9.3, 7.9.8 b), Figures 7.1 and 7.11
small buildings................................................................................................. C/AS1 7.10.5
stability rating................................................................. C/AS1 5.1.1 a), 5.6.6, 5.9.4, 5.9.5
structural fire endurance rating (S)............................................C/AS1 2.2.10, 4.1.2, 4.2.3,
5.2.2, 5.3.2, 5.4, 5.5.2, 5.5.3,
5.6.5, 5.6.9 a), 5.6.11, 6.10.5, 7.2.1,
7.4.3, 7.8.1 a), 7.8.5, 7.8.6, 7.10.2,
7.10.5, 7.10.8, Table 5.1

Fire resisting closures........................................... C/AS1 6.18.9, 6.19, C7.1.1, C8.1.1, Table 6.1
access panels................................................................................................ C/AS1 6.19.12
fire curtains....................................................................................... C/AS1 6.19.9, 6.19.10
fire dampers.................................................................... C/AS1 6.3.2 f), 6.16.4 d), 6.19.14
fire doors
see Doors
fire shutters...................................................................................C/AS1 6.19.15 to 6.19.17
lift landing doors
see Doors
smoke control doors
see Doors

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Index

Fire safety
see Means of Escape, Outbreak of Fire, Spread of Fire,
Structural Stability during Fire

Fire safety precautions (FSP).........C/AS1 1.2.3, 1.3.2 Step 6, 2.3.1, 3.1.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.7, 4.3.1,
4.4.1, 4.5, 5.6.8, 6.10.1, 6.11.1, Appendix A, Table 4.1
domestic (Type 1)............................................................................................ C/AS1 A2.1.1
emergency electrical power supply
(Type 17)...................................................................C/AS1 6.23.1 d), 6.23.3, 6.23.4, A2.1
emergency lighting (Type 16).................................. C/AS1 3.19.2, 6.23.3 c), 6.23.4, A2.1
emergency lighting in exitways...................................................................... F7/AS1 1.5.2
fire alarm systems
activation of system.................................................................................. F7/AS1 2.1.1
automatic........................................................................... F7/AS1 1.1.3, 1.2.3 to 1.2.7
heat detectors....................................... F7/AS1 1.2.3, 1.2.6, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.4, 1.3.5
high sensitivity smoke detection.............................................................. F7/AS1 1.1.7
installation and maintenance................................................F7/AS1 1.1.3, 1.1.5, 1.2.6,
1.2.7, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5.3
manual (Type 2)...........C/AS1 4.5.3, 4.5.9, 4.5.10 b), A2.1; F7/AS1 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.2
means of communication with the Fire Service
see Alerting the Fire Service
modified smoke detection.......................................................... F7/AS1 1.2.5 to 1.2.7
requirements................................................................................................F7/AS1 2.1
smoke detectors........................................ F7/AS1 1.1.6, 1.2.4, 1.2.9, 1.3, 1.4.1, 1.5.3
substitution of smoke detectors by heat detectors................................. F7/AS1 1.3.5
fire hose reels (Type 14)......................................................................... C/AS1 8.2.2, A2.1
fire hydrant systems (Type 18)................................................................C/AS1 8.2.1, A2.1
Fire Service lift controls (Type 15).................................. C/AS1 8.2.5, A2.1; F7/AS1 1.5.2
fire sprinklers (Type 6)................................................... C/AS1 3.9.12 f), 3.15.3 a), 3.15.6,
3.15.7 a), 4.1.1 a), 4.5.10, 4.5.11, 5.6.13,
6.3.2 a) d), 6.6.8, 6.16.7, 6.18.10,
6.19.9, A2.1, Appendix D, Figure 7.2
concessions for sprinklers.............. C/AS1 3.3.2 c), 3.4.8 d), 3.5.2, 3.14.3, 3.15.3 a),
3.15.6, 3.15.7 a), 3.16.3 b), 4.2.5, 5.5.3, 5.6.6,
5.6.7 b), 5.6.8, 5.8.7, 5.8.8, 6.3.1, 6.5.1, 6.7.2,
6.9.6 d), 6.9.11, 6.10.5, 6.13.1, 6.20.5, 6.20.10,
6.20.15 a), 6.22.3 a), 7.2.2, 7.3.12, 7.7.6,
7.9.3, 7.9.10, 8.1.1 e), Tables 4.1 Note 5, 6.2
residential................................................................................................... C/AS1 D3.1
with smoke detectors (Type 7)..........C/AS1 3.12.2 b), 4.5.10, 4.5.11, 6.22.2 g), A2.1
fire sprinkler systems
automatic..............................................................................F7/AS1 1.2.8, 1.3.2, 1.3.4
with smoke detectors.............................................................................. F7/AS1 1.2.9
fire systems centre (Type 20).......................................................C/AS1 8.2.3, 8.2.4, A2.1
heat detectors (Type 3).......................................C/AS1 3.5.3, 3.5.5, 4.5.4, 4.5.10, 4.5.11,
6.10.4 c), 6.11.3 b), A2.1
hold-open devices................................................................................. F7/AS1 1.3.6, 1.5.2
manual (Type 2)............................................................ C/AS1 4.5.3, 4.5.9, 4.5.10 b), A2.1
mechanical smoke extract....................................................................F7/AS1 1.3.8, 1.5.2
mechanical smoke extract (Type 11)............................... C/AS1 3.4.6 a), 3.4.8 d), 6.21.5,
6.22.7 c), 6.22.8 c), 6.22.11, 6.22.12,
6.22.14, A2.1, B3.1.1, Table 6.6
modified smoke/heat detection (Type 5)............................................... C/AS1 3.5.4, A2.1
natural smoke venting...........................................................................F7/AS1 1.3.8, 1.5.2
natural smoke venting (Type 10)......................C/AS1 3.4.6 a), 3.4.8 d), 6.21.5, 6.22.7 b),
6.22.8 b) c), 6.22.10, 6.22.14, A2.1,
B3.1.1, Table 6.5
pressurisation of safe paths (Type 13)...............................C/AS1 3.7.1 b), 3.11.6 b), 6.9.6,
6.9.11, 6.13.1, 6.19.4 c), 6.21.2, 6.23.1 b),
A2.1, B1.1.1, Table 6.1 Note 2;
F7/AS1 1.3.7, 1.5.2
refuge areas (Type 19)..........................................................C/AS1 3.13, A2.1, Figure 3.17

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Fire safety precautions (FSP) (continued)

smoke control in air-handling systems
(Type 9)...............................................................C/AS1 6.23.2, A2.1; F7/AS1 1.5.2, 1.5.3
smoke detectors.............................................. F7/AS1 1.1.6, 1.2.4, 1.2.9, 1.3, 1.4.1, 1.5.3
smoke detectors (Type 4)............................. C/AS1 3.5.4, 3.5.5, 3.12.2 b), 3.17.10, 4.5.4,
4.5.10, 4.5.11, 6.22.2 g), 6.22.14, 6.23.1,
A2.1, B1.1.1
voice communication system (Type 8)...................................C/AS1 3.16.3 d), 8.2.6, A2.1

Fire separations........................ C/AS1 1.3.5 b), 3.11.9, 4.1.1 a), 5.1.1, 5.3.1, 5.3.2 d) e), 5.6.3,
5.6.4 a), 5.6.5 c), 5.6.7, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.6,
6.7, 6.8.1, 6.9.2, 6.9.3, 6.10.1, 6.10.2, 6.10.5, 6.11.1,
6.11.2, 6.12, 6.14.1, 6.14.4, 6.15.1 a), 6.17, 6.18.4,
6.18.7 to 6.18.10, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, Table 6.1
junctions................................................. C/AS1 6.12.4 to 6.12.7, 6.12.9, 6.18.4, Figure 6.4
protected shafts...............................................................................C/AS1 6.16, Figure 6.8

Fire Service............................................................C/AS1 4.2.6 c), 5.9.3 f), 6.21.2, 6.22.12 b),

Part 8, A2.1.1 Type 15 and Type 20;
F7/AS1 1.2.2, 2.1.2 a), 2.2
see also Alerting the Fire Service
installation and maintenance.....................F7/AS1 1.1.3, 1.1.5, 1.2.6, 1.2.7, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5.3
manual.......................................................................................... F7/AS1 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.2
means of communication with............................ C/AS1 A1.3.1, A2.1.1 Type 2 and Type 7
requirements.......................................................................................................F7/AS1 2.1
activation of system.................................................................................. F7/AS1 2.1.1
smoke detectors.....................................................................F7/AS1 1.2.5, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5.3
vehicular access.......................................................................................C/AS1 8.1.1, 8.1.2

Fire shutters
see Fire resisting closures

Fire spread
horizontal............................................................................C/AS1 4.1.1 b), 7.1.1 b), 7.3, 7.8
vertical.......................................................................................C/AS1 4.1.1 b), 7.1.1 a), 7.9
between different levels of the same building..........................C/AS1 7.9.10 to 7.9.15
external thermal insulation........................................ C/AS1 7.9.18, 7.9.19, Figure 7.12
from an adjacent lower roof...................................... C/AS1 7.9.6 to 7.9.9, Figure 7.11
roof car parking and storage.............................................. C/AS1 7.8.2, 7.9.16, 7.9.17

Fire stopping..................... C/AS1 6.12.5, 6.12.7 a), 6.12.9, 6.17, 6.18.1, 6.18.4, C7.1.1, C7.1.2,
Figures 6.4, 6.9 and 6.11
cavity barriers..................................................................C/AS1 6.18.4, 6.18.6, Figure 6.12
curtain walls................................................................................ C/AS1 7.9.14, Figure 6.11
external thermal insulation...........................................................C/AS1 7.9.18, Figure 7.12
hollow construction..................................................................... C/AS1 6.17.5, Figure 6.12
protected shafts...........................................C/AS1 3.12.3 e), 6.16.3, 6.16.4 e), Figure 6.8
service outlets............................................................................... C/AS1 6.17.6, Figure 6.9

Firecell rating (F)

see Fire resistance ratings

Firecells....................................................................... F7/AS1 1.2.5 to 1.2.7, 1.3.1, 1.3.4, 1.3.5

basements.................................................................................... C/AS1 3.7, 4.5.15, 6.14.4
buildings remaining occupied during fire..............................................C/AS1 5.6.9, 5.6.10
car parking........................................................................................C/AS1 6.10.3 to 6.10.6
ceiling space firecells...................................................................................... C/AS1 6.12.8
concealed spaces................................................................................C/AS1 6.18.2, 6.18.3
concessions for multiple purpose groups..............................................C/AS1 5.6.7, 5.6.8
construction....................................................................................................... C/AS1 6.12
fire hazard category 4........................................................... C/AS1 2.2.10, 5.6.11 to 5.6.13
fire safety precautions
see Fire safety precautions
firecells rated F0...................................................................................................C/AS1 6.2
floor area limits.................................................................................... C/AS1 4.2.3 to 4.2.5
group sleeping areas............................................. C/AS1 6.6.3, 6.6.4, 6.6.7, 6.7.2 to 6.7.5
intermediate floors...................................C/AS1 4.5.16 to 4.5.18, 6.14.1 a), 6.14.3, 6.21.3
to 6.21.6, Figure 6.6,Tables 6.5 and 6.6

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Index

Firecells (continued)
limited area atriums...........................................C/AS1 6.22, Figure 6.14, Tables 6.4 to 6.6
plant, boiler and incinerator rooms......................................................C/AS1 6.11.3, 6.11.4
protected shafts................................................................................................. C/AS1 6.16
provision of firecells.............................................................................................C/AS1 4.2
roofs..............................................................................C/AS1 7.8.1 to 7.8.5, 7.9.1 to 7.9.9
solid waste storage......................................................................................... C/AS1 6.10.2
suites..................................C/AS1 2.2.9, 3.15.5, 6.6.5, 6.7.6, 6.9.6, 6.14.3, A2.1.1 Type 5
top floor firecells............................................................................................. C/AS1 4.5.14

Fireplace.......................................................... C/AS1 9.1 to 9.3, Figures 9.1 and 9.3, Table 9.1

Fire Safety...........................................................................................................C/AS1, C/VM1

Fixings........................... E2/AS1 4.4, 8.1.4, 8.2.4, 8.3.7, 8.4.8, 8.4.8.1, 8.4.9, 8.4.9.1, 9.4.3.1,
9.4.4.3, 9.4.5.2, 9.5.3.1, 9.6.6, 9.7.3.1, 9.8.3.1, 9.9.4.1,
Tables 14, 15, 20-22, 24, Figures 39 and 40
Fixtures
sanitary fixtures
see Personal Hygiene

Flame barriers............................C/AS1 3.14.6 b) c), 6.18.5 c), 6.20.12 a), 6.20.13, 6.20.14 b),
C10.1, Table 6.3

Flammability index (FI)............................................................................C/AS1 C3.1, Table 6.2

Flammable liquids
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 3 flammable liquids

Flammable solids
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 4 flammable solids

Flashings.................................. E2/AS1 4.0, 8.2.4, 8.2.6, 8.3.8, 8.4.11, 8.4.11.1, 8.4.12, 9.6.7,
Tables 20-22, Figures 5 and 6
apron flashings...................................................... E2/AS1 5.1, 8.4.12 b), Figures 7 and 43
durability requirements................................................................................... E2/AS1 4.2.1
fixings................................................................................................................. E2/AS1 4.4
head flashings...............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.4, Table 7
jamb flashings...............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.6, Table 7
materials..................................................... E2/AS1 4.1, 4.2, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.3, 9.8.5
aluminium.................................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.2
aluminium-zinc coated steel.....................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.4
bituminous.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 4.3.10
butyl rubber..............................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.9
copper.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.6
EPDM.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.9
flexible flashing tape.............................................................................. E2/AS1 4.3.11
galvanised steel........................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.3
lead sheet.................................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.7
stainless steel...........................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.5
uPVC......................................................................................................... E2/AS1 4.3.1
zinc sheet.................................................................................................E2/AS1 4.3.8
overlaps and upstands....................................................................................... E2/AS1 4.6
overlap with roof claddings...................................................................... E2/AS1 4.6.1
apron flashing cover over metal roofing.......................................... E2/AS1 4.6.1.1
barges............................................................................................... E2/AS1 4.6.1.5
change in metal roof pitches............................................................ E2/AS1 4.6.1.3
inter-storey junctions........................................................................ E2/AS1 4.6.1.7
parallel flashing................................................................................. E2/AS1 4.6.1.1
ridges and hips................................................................................. E2/AS1 4.6.1.2
roof- or deck-to-wall junctions......................................................... E2/AS1 4.6.1.4
transverse flashing........................................................................... E2/AS1 4.6.1.1
window heads.................................................................................. E2/AS1 4.6.1.6
requirements............................................................................................... E2/AS1 4.5
edge treatments................................................................... E2/AS1 4.5.1, Figure 5
metal flashing joins..............................................................E2/AS1 4.5.2, Figure 6

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Index ARCHIVED
NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Flats
see Housing, multi-unit dwelling

FLED
see Fire load energy density

Flooding
flood risk assessment....................................................................................E1/VM1 3.2.2
history of..........................................................................................................E1/AS1 1.0.1
protection from..............................................................................................E1/VM1 3.2.2

Floors......................NZBC/B2.3.1 (a), D1.3.3 (e),D1.3.4 (c), E2.3.3, E2.3.4, G6.3.1, G6.3.2;

B1/AS2 2.1.1; E2/AS1 10.0; F7/AS1 1.1.2; G3/AS1 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.3.3,
2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6
basement floors................................................ C/AS1 3.3.2 i), 3.15.2, 6.14.4, Figure 3.19
concealed spaces.............................................................. C/AS1 6.18.4, 6.18.5 a), 6.18.10
concrete slab-on-ground.................................................................................. E2/AS1 10.3
acceptable materials..............................................................................E2/AS1 10.3.4
damp-proof membranes (DPM).........................................E2/AS1 10.3.3, Figure 132
finished floor levels.............................................E2/AS1 10.3.5, Table 18, Figure 132
floor levels...........................................................................E2/AS1 10.3.2, Figure 132
general................................................................................. E2/AS1 10.3.1, Figure 132
protection from timber...........................................................................E2/AS1 10.3.6
fire resistance ratings...................... C/AS1 3.14.6 c), 4.1.1 a), 4.3.2, 4.5.7, 5.3.1, 5.6.4 d),
5.6.8, 5.7.3, 6.10.3, 6.12.2, 6.14.2 to 6.14.4, 6.15.1
floor projections............................................................................. C/AS1 7.8.6, 7.9.13
flooring materials....................................................................... C/AS1 6.20.8, 6.20.14
intermediate floors.............................. C/AS1 3.3.2 f), 3.4.6, 3.9.13, 4.5.16 to 4.5.18,
5.6.4 d), 5.6.5 b), 6.10.3, 6.14.1 a), 6.14.3, 6.21.3, 6.22,
A2.1.1 Type 10 and Type 11, B4.1.1, Figures 3.9 and 6.6,
Tables 6.4 to 6.6
limited area intermediate floors.......................C/AS1 4.5.17, 6.21.4 a), 6.21.5, 6.21.6
lower floors.................................C/AS1 3.16.9, 4.5.10, 4.5.11, 6.7.7, 6.9.3, Figure 3.5
more than one purpose group on a floor..........................C/AS1 4.5.1 to 4.5.6, 5.6.11
other floors in a building..............................................................C/AS1 4.5.8 to 4.5.11
same purpose group on different floors.................................................. C/AS1 4.5.13
sloping floors and ceilings......................................................................C/AS1 3.4.8 a)
subfloor spaces...................................................... C/AS1 6.15.1, 6.18.5 a), Figure 6.7
top floor firecells....................................................................................... C/AS1 4.5.14
upper floors..................................... C/AS1 3.15.3 b), 3.16.3 a), 4.5.11, 5.7.6 b), 6.7.7,
6.8.2, 6.8.6, 7.5.7, Figure 3.5
wooden floors............................................................................ C/AS1 6.12.6, 6.20.14
floor/ceiling assemblies.................................................................. G6/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 3
floor/wall junctions.......................................................................... G6/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 5
minimum floor level................................................................ E1/AS1 2.0, Figures 1 and 2
moisture..........................................................................................................NZBC/E2.3.4
slip resistant...................................................................NZBC/D1.3.3 (d); G15/AS1 3.0.2
suspended timber floors.................................................................................. E2/AS1 10.2
airflow.....................................................................................................E2/AS1 10.2.6
general.................................................................................................... E2/AS1 10.2.1
openings.................................................................................................E2/AS1 10.2.5
protection of timber................................................................................E2/AS1 10.2.2
separation............................................................................E2/AS1 10.2.3, Figure 131
subfloor ventilation.................................................................................E2/AS1 10.2.4
vapour barriers in subfloor space........................................................... E2/AS1 10.2.7
installation...................................................................................... E2/AS1 10.2.7.2
minimum ventilation with vapour barrier....................................... E2/AS1 10.2.7.1

Floor outlets............................................................................................................G13/AS1 3.4

Floor wastes.....................................................................................E3/AS1 2.0.1, 2.2, Figure 4

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Index

Flues................................................................ NZBC/G11.3.3; G4/AS1 2.3, 2.4; G11/AS1 5.0

fire damper.......................................................................................................G11/AS1 5.3
gas burning appliances........................................................................................C/AS1 9.2
locations on dwellings....................................................................................... G4/AS1 2.4
materials........................................................................................................... G11/AS1 5.1
oil fired appliances...............................................................................................C/AS1 9.3
safety devices..................................................................................................G11/AS1 5.2
solid fuel appliances............................................................................................. C/AS1 9.1

Foamed plastics building materials............... C/AS1 6.20.1, 6.20.5 6.20.11 to 6.20.13, 7.9.18,
Figure 7.12, Table 6.3
Food Preparation and Prevention of Contamination...................................................... G3
cooking....................................................................NZBC/G3.3.1 (c); G3/AS1 1.2.1, 1.4.1
energy supply................................................................................................. NZBC/G3.3.3
location........................................................................................................... NZBC/G3.3.4
people with disabilities.................................................................................. NZBC/G3.3.5
preparation............................................................................ NZBC/G3.3.1 (b) (d), G3.3.2
prevention of contamination.......................................................................... NZBC/G3.3.6
rinsing.............................................................................................................. G3/AS1 1.1.1
storage............................................................................. NZBC/G3.3.1 (a); G3/AS1 1.3.1
refrigeration................................................................................... G3/AS1 1.3.2, 1.4.1
ventilation............................................................................G3/AS1 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4
surfaces..................................................................................G3/AS1 1.1.2, 1.1.3, Figure 1
utensil washing........................................................................... NZBC/G3.3.1 (b), G3.3.2

Foul Water .......................................................................................................................... G13

see also Discharge pipes, Drains, Sanitary appliances, Sanitary fixtures, Vent pipes,
Water seals, Water traps
gravity flow.........................................................................NZBC/G13.3.1 (a), G13.3.2 (a)
odours.................................... NZBC/G13.1 (b), G13.3.1 (c), G13.3.2 (e); G13/AS1 3.1.1
offensive matter.........................................................................................NZBC/G13.1 (b)
on-site disposal systems............................................................................. NZBC/G13.3.4
see also Industrial Liquid Waste
outfalls.............................................................................................. NZBC/G13.2, G13.3.2
personal hygiene........................................................................................ NZBC/G13.1 (a)
plumbing system.............................................................................. NZBC/G13.2, G13.3.1
sewer.............................................................................. NZBC/G13.3.3, G13.3.4, G15.3.3
three storey buildings...............................................................................G13/AS1 Figure 7

Foundations..........................................................................................B1/VM1 1.0.2, B1/VM4

see also Chimneys, foundations
design parameters
continuous vibration................................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.6
depth........................................................................................................B1/VM4 2.0.4
ground stability........................................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.4
long-term loading...............................................................................B1/VM4 2.0.6
short-term loading..............................................................................B1/VM4 2.0.6
serviceability deformations.......................................................B1/VM4 1.0.3, Appendix B
pile foundations.................................................................................................B1/VM4 4.0
belled piles................................................................................ B1/VM4 4.0.3 b), 5.1.2
bulbed piles.........................................................................................B1/VM4 4.0.3 c)
concrete piles
cast-in-situ..........................................................................................B1/VM4 3.4.4
precast...................................................................................... B1/VM4 3.4.4, 5.1.1
downdrag....................................................................................................B1/VM4 4.5
nominal width..................................................................... B1/VM4 4.0.3, 4.2.2, 4.6.1
notation.......................................................................................B1/VM4 4.1.1, Table 2
pile driving............................................................................................... B1/VM4 5.1.1
pile driving formula..................................................................................B1/VM4 4.0.1
pile groups
design pile lateral strength.................................................................B1/VM4 4.0.4
design pile vertical strength...............................................................B1/VM4 4.0.4
ultimate lateral strength....................................................... B1/VM4 4.6.1, Table 3
ultimate vertical strength...................................................................B1/VM4 4.4.1

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Foundations (continued)
single piles
base resistance............................................................ B1/VM4 4.1.3, Figures 3 and 4
column action.............................................................................................B1/VM4 4.2
design pile lateral strength......................................................................B1/VM4 4.0.4
design pile vertical strength....................................................................B1/VM4 4.0.4
lateral strength...........................................................................................B1/VM4 4.3
drained cohesionless soil...................................................................B1/VM4 4.3.4
free head pile.................................................... B1/VM4 4.3.2 a), 4.3.3 a), 4.3.4 a)
restrained head pile..........................................B1/VM4 4.3.2 b), 4.3.3 b), 4.3.4 b)
undrained cohesive soil..................................................................... B1/VM4 4.3.2
undrained consolidated soil.............................................................. B1/VM4 4.3.3
shaft resistance.......................................................... B1/VM4 4.1.4, Figure 5, Table 2
ultimate axial compression....................................................... B1/VM4 4.0.1 to 4.0.3
vertical strength...................................................................................... B1/VM4 4.1.2
strength reduction factors...................................................................B1/VM4 4.7, Table 4
types
concrete.....................................................................................B1/VM4 5.1.1, 5.1.2
steel..........................................................................................B1/VM4 5.2.1, 5.2.2
timber....................................................................................................B1/VM4 5.3
shallow foundations..........................................................................................B1/VM4 3.0
design bearing pressure................................................................B1/VM4 3.2.1, 3.2.4
design bearing strength......................................................................... B1/VM4 3.2.3
design sliding resistance.........................................................................B1/VM4 3.4.6
local shear.............................................................................................. B1/VM4 3.3.3
moment loading...................................................................................... B1/VM4 3.1.4
notation......................................................................... B1/VM4 3.3.1, Figures 1 and 2
soils................................................................................................B1/VM4 3.1.2, 3.4.3
strength reduction factors.........................................................................B1/VM4 3.5,
surcharge................................................................................................. B1/VM4 3.1.3
ultimate bearing strength.................................... B1/VM4 3.1.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.2, Figure 3
ultimate sliding resistance......................................................................B1/VM4 3.4.2
ultimate sliding strength............................................................... B1/VM4 3.4.4, 3.4.5
see also Chimneys, foundations

FRR
see Fire resistance ratings

FSP
see Fire safety precautions

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G
Garages
see Outbuildings

Gas . .......................................................................................................................G3/AS1 1.4.1

Gas as an Energy Source....................................................................................................G11

automatic cut-offs........................................................................................ NZBC/G11.3.2
flued appliances........................................................................................... NZBC/G11.3.3
gas supply authority......................................................................................NZBC/G11.3.6
isolation devices........................................................................................... NZBC/G11.3.4
meters........................................................................................................... NZBC G11.3.6
location......................................................................................................G11/AS1 8.0
over pressure protection..................................................................................G11/AS1 3.0
safe pressure ranges.....................................................................................NZBC/G11.3.1
service risers.................................................................................................NZBC/G11.3.6
supply system.................................................................... NZBC/G11.2, G11.3.1, G11.3.5

Gas burning appliances

installation............................................................................................................C/AS1 9.2
seismic restraint................................................................................................C/AS1 9.2.2

Gases
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 2 gases

Gas fuel appliances........................................................................................... G4/AS1 2.0, 3.0

Gas reticulation
another Acceptable Solution............................................................................G10/AS1 5.0
cleaning............................................................................................................ G10/AS1 1.1
tailpipes.................................................................................................. G10/AS1 1.1.3
concealed piping..............................................................................................G10/AS1 1.4
in concrete..............................................................................................G10/AS1 1.4.1
in enclosed spaces................................................................................ G10/AS1 1.4.2
underground.............................................................................G10/AS1 1.4.3, Table 3
construction.....................................................................................................G10/AS1 1.0
corrosion control..............................................................................................G10/AS1 3.0
design........................................................................................................G10/AS1 1.0.1 a)
installation........................................................................................................G10/AS1 1.2
bends and offsets...............................................................................G10/AS1 1.2.1 d)
risers...................................................................................................G10/AS1 1.2.1 c)
separation...........................................................................................G10/AS1 1.2.1 b)
supports............................................................................... G10/AS1 1.2.1 a), Table 2
isolating valves.................................................................................................G10/AS1 2.0
materials......................................................................................G10/AS1 1.0.1 b), Table 1
pipework in ducts.............................................................................................G10/AS1 1.5
unventilated ducts..................................................................................G10/AS1 1.5.4
ventilated ducts..................................................................................... G10/AS1 1.5.3
vent lines................................................................................ G10/AS1 4.0, Tables 4 and 5
welded joints....................................................................................................G10/AS1 1.3

Geology...........................................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1 a)

Glazing..............................................................NZBC/F2.3.3; B1/AS1 7.0; C/AS1 5.8, 6.19.11

see also Hazardous Building Materials
concession for sprinklers........................................................................C/AS1 5.8.7, 5.8.8
dimensions.......................................................................................... C/AS1 5.8.3 to 5.8.5
fire resisting glazing................................................................ C/AS1 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 7.3.3 c),
7.3.5, 7.3.7, 7.4, Figure 7.4, Table 7.1
human impact safety..........................................................................................F2/AS1 1.1
in external walls............................................................................................C/AS1 5.8.2 a)
in fire doors..................................................................................................... C/AS1 5.8.10
in fire separations....................................................................................C/AS1 5.8.1, 5.8.2
in safe paths....................................................... C/AS1 5.8.1 c), 5.8.3 to 5.8.8, Figure 5.1
in smoke control doors........................................................................ C/AS1 5.8.10, 5.8.11
in smoke separations and protected paths.......................................................C/AS1 5.8.9
modifications to NZS 4223................................................................................ F2/AS1 1.2

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Government agencies............................................................................... NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Commercial buildings

Government offices.................................................................................. NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Commercial buildings

Grease traps........................................................................................................... G13/AS2 3.4

capacity..............................................................................................G13/AS2 3.4.3, 3.4.4

Ground
good ground....................................................................................................B1/AS3 1.3.2

Ground conditions............................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.2, Appendix A

Groundwater................................................B1/VM4 1.0.2, Appendices A, B; G14/VM1 1.6.1

conditions.......................................................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.2
seasonal changes.........................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1
tidal changes................................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1

Group sleeping areas................................................... C/AS1 6.6.3, 6.6.4, 6.6.7, 6.7.2 to 6.7.4

Gully traps........................................ G13/AS1 Figures 5 and 7, G13/AS2 3.3, Figures 2 and 3

construction.................................................................................. G13/AS2 3.3.1, Figure 4
overflow relief.............................................................................................. G13/AS2 3.3.2
pipe diameters............................................................................................. G13/AS2 3.3.1

Gutters...................................................................................................................... E1/AS1 5.0

gradients............................................................................................................. E1/AS1 5.3
materials................................................................................................E1/AS1 5.2, Table 6
overflow outlets................................................................................................. E1/AS1 5.5
sizing.....................................................................................E1/AS1 5.1, Figures 15 and 16
thermal movement................................................................................E1/AS1 5.4, Table 7

Gutters, barges, and fascias......... E2/AS1 5.2, 8.1.6, 8.3.9, 8.4.14, 8.5.10, Figures 20 and 64
internal gutters....................................E2/AS1 8.1.6.1, 8.1.6.3, 8.4.16, 8.4.16.3, Figure 52
parallel hidden gutters................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.6.1, 8.4.16.1, Figure 50
valley gutters......................... E2/AS1 8.1.6.1, 8.1.6.2, 8.4.16, 8.4.16.2, Table 8, Figure 51

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H
Habitable spaces.......... NZBC/E3.3.1, G5.2.1 (a), G5.3.1, G5.3.3, G6.2, G7.2; G6/AS1 1.0.2

Halls
see Communal non-residential

Halls of residence
see Communal residential

Handicapped people
see People with disabilities

Handrails........................ NZBC/D1.3.3 (j) (k), D1.3.4 (i); C/AS1 3.1.4, 3.3.3, 3.3.6 b), 3.9.8,
6.20.4 c) ; D1/AS1 1.5.2, 1.5.4 b), 1.6.1, 1.7, 5.2.1 g), 6.0, 6.0.1,
6.0.2, Figures 6 and 19
clearances......................................................................................D1/AS1 6.0.7, Figure 26
handrail profiles................................................................D1/AS1 6.0.7 to 6.0.9, Figure 26
height............................................................................................. D1/AS1 6.0.6, Figure 25
horizontal extensions......................................................... D1/AS1 6.0.4, 6.0.5, Figure 25
intermediate handrails.................................................................................... D1/AS1 6.0.2
relevant width................................................................................ D1/AS1 6.0.9, Figure 26
slope............................................................................................................... D1/AS1 6.0.4

Hazards to building elements.................................................................................. F1/VM1 2.7

Hazardous Agents on Site................................................................................................... F1

see also Site investigation
assessment of sites........................................................................................ NZBC/F1.3.1
contaminants.............................. F1/VM1 1.0.2 c, 2.1.2, 2.2.1 g), 2.2.2, 2.3.2, 2.5.1, 2.6.2
2.6.3, Table 2
degradation of building materials .................................................................... F1/VM1 2.7
likely effects on people................................................................................... NZBC/F1.3.2
hazardous agents.................................F1/VM1 1.0.2 c), 2.2.1, 2.3.2, 2.5.1, 2.5.5, Table 2
network utility operators..............................................................................F1/VM1 2.1.1 f)
remedial work.......................................................................................F1/VM1 2.6, Table 3
risk assessment....................................................................... F1/VM1 1.0.2 c), 2.5, 2.5.4

Hazardous Building Materials............................................................................................. F2

see also Glazing
asbestos............................................................................................................. F2/AS1 2.0
brittle materials...............................................................................................NZBC/F2.3.3
harmful concentrations................................................................................... NZBC/F2.3.1
transparent panels...........................................................................................NZBC/F2.3.2

Hazard category
see Fire hazard categories

Hazardous Substances and Processes.............................................................................. F3

explosions.................................................................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (c)
food preparation and utensil washing areas............................................ NZBC/G3.3.2 (b)
hazardous substances associated
with building services...................................................................NZBC/G10.1, G10.2
protected ignition sources........................................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (d)
release of pressure...................................................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (c)
released during fire.......................................................................NZBC/C3.2 (d), C3.3.10
rendering hazardous materials harmless..................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (e)
sewers and public drains............................................................................. NZBC/F3.3 (b)
signs............................................................................................................. NZBC/F3.3 (g)
surface finishes............................................................................................. NZBC/F3.3 (f)
unauthorised access.................................................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (a)

Hazardous wastes............................................. G14/VM1 1.3.2, 1.4.1 b), 1.9.1, 2.1.4, 2.2.1 b),
2.2.4, 2.3.7, 2.4.4, 3.1.3

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Health camps
see Communal residential

Hearths................................................. B1/AS3 1.4, 2.2, 2.2.1 to 2.2.3, C/AS1 9.5, Figure 9.3
hearth slabs................................................................................ B1/AS3 2.2, 2.2.1 to 2.2.3

Heat detectors
see Fire safety precautions

Heat transfer solid fuel appliances

limiting heat transfer........................................................................................... C/VM1 1.1

Heating
see Energy Efficiency, Interior Environment

Height
see Building height or Escape height

Height clearances.............................................................. D1/AS1 1.4, 1.4.1, Figure 3, Table 1

Hobs.......................................................................................................................G3/AS1 1.2.1

Hospitals....................................................................... NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv); G1/AS1 Table 4

see also Communal residential

Hostels
see Communal residential

Hot dip galvanising.................................................................... B1/AS2 1.0.5 b), B1/AS3 1.8.6

Hot plates...............................................................................................................G3/AS1 1.2.1

Hot water supply

see Water supplies, hot

Hotels..................................................................................................................... D1/AS1 9.1.1

see also Communal residential

Household units.............................C/AS1 1.3.5, 1.3.6 b) c) e), 2.2.9 a), 3.11.6, 3.15.5, 3.15.8,
3.20.1, 6.1.1, 6.8.1, 6.14.3, 6.14.4, 6.20.1, 7.5.7, 7.9.19,
7.10.6, 7.10.7, A2.1.1 Type 5, Table 6.2; F7/AS1 1.1.2 b),
1.2.5, 1.2.6, 1.3.2; G6/AS1 1.0.2

Housing...................... NZBC/A1 2.0, D1.3.3, E1.3.2, G1.3.5, G2.2, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a) to (d),
G3.3.2 (c), G7.2, G12.3.4, G12.3.9, H1.3.2; F4/AS1 Table 1;
G3/AS1 1.0.1; G9/AS1 1.0; H1/VM1 1.1, 1.2, H1/AS1 1.0, 2.0
detached dwellings...................... NZBC/A1 2.0.2, C3.3.2, C3.3.4, D1.3.2 (i), F6.2, F7.3,
F8.2, G15.2; H1/VM1 1.1
group dwellings.........................................................NZBC/A1 2.0.4, G8.2; H1/VM1 1.1.1
multi-unit dwellings................................... NZBC/A1 2.0.3, C3.3.2, D1.3.2 (i), F6.2, F8.2,
G8.2, G15.2; H1/VM1 1.1, 1.2, H1/AS1 2.1.1
wharenui......................................................................................................... H1/VM1 1.1.1

HVAC systems....................................................................................................... F7/AS1 1.5.3

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I
Identification of non-potable water supply ........................................................G12/AS1 4.2.1
see also Water supplies

Illuminance.................................................................. G7/VM1 1.0; G8/VM1 1.0, G8/AS1 1.0

measurement.................................................................................................G8/VM1 1.0.1
minimum........................................................................................................ G8/AS1 1.0.3

Impact insulation class (IIC)................................................................................... G6/VM1 2.0

In-service history..................................................................................................... B2/VM1 1.1

Industrial buildings..........................NZBC/A1 6.0, D1.3.2 (h), D1.3.3, E3.3.1, G1.3.5, G3.2.1,

G3.3.1 (a) (b), G3.3.2 (b), G3.3.6, G8.2, G9.3.4, G12.3.9,
H1.2 (a); G1/AS1 Table 1; G3/AS1 2.0.1; H1/AS1 1.0.2

Industrial Liquid Waste..................................................................................................... G14

capacity.................................................................................................. NZBC/G14.3.2 (a)
collection..................................................................................... G14/VM1 1.1.1, 1.3.2, 1.4
location of facilities...................................................................................G14/VM1 1.4
contamination of potable water..............................................................NZBC/G14.3.2 (c)
conveyance systems...................................................................................... G14/VM1 2.0
drainage................................................................................................... G14/VM1 2.2
piping systems...........................................................................G14/VM1 2.3, Table 2
pumps....................................................................................... G14/VM1 2.4, Figure 2
corrosion.............................................................................................G14/VM1 1.5.1, 1.5.2
disposal...........................................................................................G14/VM1 1.1.1, Table 1
location of facilities...................................................................................G14/VM1 1.4
to a natural waterway...................................................................G14/VM1 1.2.1 b)
to a sewer................................................ G14/VM1 1.2.1 a), G14/AS1 1.2.1, 1.2.2
disposal systems...........................................................................................NZBC/G14.3.1
hazardous wastes
see Hazardous wastes
materials used in construction.....................................................................G14/VM1 1.5.1
odours.................................................................................NZBC/G14.3.1 (c), G14.3.2 (f)
resource consents.................................................................................. NZBC/G14.3.2 (d)
safety facilities.............................................................................................G14/VM1 3.1.4
separate waste systems.............................................................................. G14/VM1 1.7.1
storage................................................................................. G14/VM1 1.1.1, 1.2.1 c), 1.3.2
containers...............................................................................................NZBC/G14.3.1
location of facilities...................................................................................G14/VM1 1.4
tanks
see Tanks
treatment.............................................. G14/VM1 1.1.1, 1.2, 1.2.2, 1.3.2, Figure 1, Table 1
location of facilities...................................................................................G14/VM1 1.4
types.................................................................................................. G14/VM1 1.2, Table 1
unauthorised access......................................................NZBC/G14.3.2 (g); G14/VM1 1.9
vehicle access........................................................................................ NZBC/G14.3.2 (b)

Inspection chambers
see Maintenance access to drains

Inspection points
see Maintenance access to drains

Insulation
see Fire resistance ratings

Integrity
see Fire resistance ratings

Intellectually handicapped persons

see People with disabilities

Intended Life
see Durability

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Intended use................ NZBC/B1.3.1, B1.3.2, D1.3.5 (a), E3.3.5, F1.3.2 (a), F3.3 (f), F4.3.2,
G2.3.1, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a), G3.3.6, G5.2.1 (b), G9.2, G11.1 (c),
G11.2, G12.3.5, G15.2

Interface with ancillary control systems................................................................... F7/AS1 1.5

Interior Environment........................................................................................................... G5
accessible reception areas............................................................................. NZBC/G5.3.4
adequate activity space............................................................NZBC/G5.1 (b), G5.2.1 (b)
see also Activity space
enhanced listening systems.............................................................NZBC/G5.3.5, G5.3.6
internal temperature....................................................NZBC/G5.1 (a), G5.2.1 (a), G5.3.1;
G5/AS1 1.0, Tables 1 and 2
unsafe installations........................................................... NZBC/G5.1 (c), G5.2.2, G5.3.2

Interior lighting
see Artificial Light......................................................................................................... G8

Interior linings................................................................................................... G3/AS1 1.6, 2.2

ceilings................................................................................................. G3/AS1 2.1.2, 2.2.3
floors............................................................................G3/AS1 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.3.3 to 2.3.6
walls...........................................................................G3/AS1 1.6, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4

Interior surfaces..........................................................................G7/AS1 1.0.2 to 1.0.4, Table 1

Intermediate floors
see Floors

Internal Moisture...................................................................................................................E3
concealed spaces................................................................... NZBC/E3.3.6; E3/AS1 3.2.2
condensation...................................................................................E3/AS1 1.0.1, 1.1.5, 1.3
condensation channels...................................................................................... E3/AS1 1.3
energy efficiency..............................................................................................E3/AS1 1.1.5
floor surfaces..................................................................................... NZBC/E3.3.3, E3.3.5
free water overflow......................................................................... NZBC/E3.2 (b), E3.3.2
fungal growth....................................................................... NZBC/E3.2 (a); E3/AS1 1.0.1
overflow............................................................................................................. E3/AS1 2.0
containment........................................................................ E3/AS1 2.0.1, 2.1, Figure 1
floor waste......................................................................................... E3/AS1 2.0.1, 2.2
people with disabilities...................................................................................E3/AS1 3.3.2
steel framing............................................................................................... E3/AS1 1.1.4 d)
thermal break.............................................................................................. E3/AS1 1.1.4 d)
thermal resistance..................................................................... NZBC/E3.3.1; E3/AS1 1.1
materials and installation.......................................................................... E3/AS1 1.1.3
ventilation......................................................................... NZBC/E3.3.1; E3/AS1 1.0.1, 1.2
wall surfaces.......................................................................................NZBC/E3.3.4, E3.3.5
watersplash........................................................................................................ E3/AS1 3.0
basins.........................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
baths..........................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
joints in linings..............................................................................E3/AS1 3.2, Figure 2
lining materials............................................................................. E3/AS1 3.1, Figure 1
showers........................................................... E3/AS1 3.3.1 to 3.3.5, Figures 4 and 5
sinks...........................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
tubs............................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
urinals.......................................................................................................E3/AS1 3.3.6
windows.......................................................................................................... E3/AS1 1.3.1

Isolating valves...........................................................................................G12/AS1 3.7.1, 5.4.2

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Index

JKL

Jetties
see Ancillary buildings

Kerbs.................................................................................................. D1/AS1 1.5.4 a), Figure 6

see also Ramps

Kindergartens
see Early childhood centres and Communal non-residential

Kitchens
see Food Preparation and Prevention of Contamination

Kitchen sinks.......................................................................... G13/AS1 3.3.2, Figure 2, Table 2

Laboratory testing....................................................................................................B2/VM1 1.2

Ladders.....................................................................................................................D1/AS1 5.0
see also Stairs and ladders
height..................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.1.2, 5.1.7
individual rung-type ladders............................................... D1/AS1 5.1.1 c), 5.4, Figure 24
clearance..............................................................................................D1/AS1 5.4.1 c)
height....................................................................................................D1/AS1 5.4.1 c)
rungs.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.4.1 a)
tread width...........................................................................................D1/AS1 5.4.1 b)
width.....................................................................................................D1/AS1 5.4.1 b)
landings.......................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.3.2
length.............................................................................................. D1/AS1 5.1.5, 5.1.7
width........................................................................................................ D1/AS1 5.1.4
location........................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.1.3
rung spacing.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.1.6
rung-type ladders............................................................... D1/AS1 5.1.1 b), 5.3, Figure 20
clearances............................................................................................D1/AS1 5.3.1 e)
height................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.3.1 d)
landings.................................................................................. D1/AS1 5.3.2, Figure 23
rungs.....................................................................................................D1/AS1 5.3.1 b)
slope.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.3.1 a)
width.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.3.1 c)
safety enclosures............................................................ D1/AS1 5.1.2, Figures 21 and 22
step-type ladders..................................................... D1/AS1 5.1.1 a), 5.2, 5.2.1, Figure 19
clearances........................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.2.1 e)
height................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.2.1 d)
horizontal openings.............................................................................. D1/AS1 5.2.1 f)
slope..................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.2.1 a)
treads................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.2.1 b)
width.................................................................................................... D1/AS1 5.2.1 c)
types of ladders.............................................................................................. D1/AS1 5.1.1

Landings...................................................................................NZBC/D1.3.2 (l) (m), D1.3.4 (i)

Landslip...........................................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1 a)

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Laundering.................................................. G2; NZBC/G2.2, G2.3.1 to G2.3.4; G2/AS1 1.0

electricity supply.............................................................................................G2/AS1 1.1.2
laundry tubs.................................... E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3; G2/AS1 1.0.1 a), 1.0.2, 1.1.1;
G13/AS1 3.3.2, Figure 2, Table 2
alternative solution.................................................................................. G2/AS1 1.0.3
capacity............................................................................................... G2/AS1 1.0.2 a)
size....................................................................................................... G2/AS1 1.0.2 b)
minimum dimensions.......................................................................G2/AS1 1.2.1, Figure 1
number of facilities............................................................................ G2/AS1 1.3.1, Table 1
overflow..........................................................................................................NZBC/E3.3.2
people with disabilities..........................................NZBC/G2.3.4; G2/AS1 1.2.2, Figure 2
washing machines............................................................................G2/AS1 1.0.1 b), 1.1.2
water supply...........................................................................................G2/AS1 1.1.1, 1.1.2

Lavatories
see Personal Hygiene

Legionella bacteria.............................................................................G12/AS1 6.14.3, HB CS 9

Level access routes..................................................................................................D1/AS1 2.0

protection from falling....................................................................................... D1/AS1 2.3
slip resistance...................................................................................... D1/AS1 2.1, Table 2
width.................................................................................................................. D1/AS1 2.2

Libraries
see Communal non-residential

Lifts............................................... C/AS1 3.12.3, 6.16.1, 6.16.4 b) c), 6.23.3 b) ; D1/AS1 12.0

see also Mechanical Installations for Access
doors.............................................................................................C/AS1 6.19.13, Table 6.1
Fire Service lift control............................................................C/AS1 8.2.5, A2.1.1 Type 15
lift motor room............................................................................C/AS1 3.12.3 e), 6.16.4 c)
lift shafts
see Protected shafts

Light
see Artificial Light, Natural Light, Lighting for Emergency

Light switches............................................................................................... G9/AS1 2.0.1 a) b)

Lighting of access routes............................................................................... D1/AS1 1.5.4, 1.8

Lighting for Emergency............................................................................... F6; NZBC/H1.3.5

duration of illuminance...................................................... NZBC/F8.3.3 (b); F6/AS1 1.1.3
minimum illuminance..................................................................... NZBC/F6.3.1, G8.3
generators........................................................................................................F6/AS1 1.1.6
illuminance – verification methods................................................................... F6/VM1 1.1
installation........................................................................................................F6/AS1 1.1.2
location............................................................................................................. F6/AS1 1.1.1
maintenance.....................................................................................................F6/AS1 1.1.5

Limited area atriums................................................C/AS1 6.22, Figure 6.14, Tables 6.4 to 6.6

Limited area intermediate floors

see Floors

Liquid fuel
see Piped Services, Hazardous Substances and Processes

Loadings
see Design, loadings

Loads
see Structure, loads

Location of heat and smoke detectors..................................................................... F7/AS1 1.3

Low-risk areas........................................................................................................ F4/AS1 1.2.2

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Index

M
Maintenance..............NZBC/B2.3.1, D2.3.1 (f), D2.3.4 (c), E1.3.3 (d), E2/AS1 2.5, G10.3.6,
G11.3.4, G12.3.6 (d) (e), G13.3.1 (d), G13.3.2 (d),
G14.3.2 (h), G15.3.2 (c);
normal................................................................................................................ B2/AS1 2.1
regular maintenance........................................................................................ E2/AS1 2.5.1
scheduled...........................................................................................................B2/AS1 2.2

Maintenance access to drains................................................................................G13/AS2 5.7

access chambers.........................................E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b), 3.7.4, 3.7.5, Figure 12;
G13/AS2 Figure 12
access points.................................E1/AS1 3.7, 3.7.3, 3.7.7, G13/AS2 5.7, Figures 9 to 12
inspection chambers....................................E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b), 3.7.4, 3.7.5, Figure 11;
G13/AS2 Figure 11
inspection points......................................... E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 b), G13/AS2 5.7, Figure 9
location..........................................................................................................G13/AS2 5.7.4
rodding points................... E1/AS1 3.7.1, 3.7.2 a), Figure 10; G13/AS2 5.7.4 f), Figure 10

Marae
see Housing, group dwellings

Masonry
see Design, masonry
masonry buildings............................................................................................B1/AS3 1.1.1

Masonry tiles............................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.2

anti-ponding boards........................................................................................E2/AS1 8.2.5
details and flashings............................................................... E2/AS1 8.2.6, Figures 23-28
flashings and fixings.................................................................E2/AS1 8.2.4, Tables 20-22
general.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.2.2
installation......................................................................... E2/AS1 8.2.3, Tables 10 and 23
materials.......................................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.2.1
tile profiles............................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.2.1.1
penetrations............................................................................E2/AS1 8.2.7, Figures 29-31

Masonry veneer........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.3.2, 9.2, Table 18

bottom of masonry veneer............................................................................. E2/AS1 9.2.7
concrete bricks.............................................................................. E2/AS1 9.2.5, Figure 73
control joints....................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.2.4
clay bricks.............................................................................E2/AS1 9.2.4.1, Figure 73
general.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.2.2
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.2.3, Table 23
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.2.1
secondary cladding.........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.2.8
windows and doors.........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.2.6

Means of Escape
see Escape routes, Evacuation time, Exitways, Final exits,
Fire hazard category, Open paths, Safe paths, Safe place, Travel distance

Mechanical Installations for Access.................................................................................. D2

control system...........................................................................................NZBC/D2.3.1 (e)
emergency conditions.................................................................................... NZBC/D2.3.3
escalators..................................................................................................NZBC/D1.3.3 (e)
lifts................................................. NZBC/D1.3.1 (c), D1.3.2 (c), D1.3.4 (c); D1/AS1 12.0
lighting.......................................................................................................NZBC/D2.3.2 (c)
loads..........................................................................................................NZBC/D2.3.1 (a)
location of potentially dangerous equipment................................................ NZBC/D2.3.4
people with disabilities.................................................................................. NZBC/D2.3.5
servicing mechanical installations...............................................................NZBC/D2.1 (b)

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Mechanical ventilation
see Ventilation

Medical consultancy rooms...................................................................... NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Communal non-residential

Membrane cappings.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 6.5

Metal cappings............................................................... E2/AS1 6.4, 7.4.4, 9.9.10.1, Figure 9

Membrane roofs and decks.................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.5

control joints....................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.7
general.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.2
gutters..........................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.10, Figure 64
installation.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.5
butyl and EPDM....................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.5.2
plywood.................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.5.1
junctions................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.7, Figures 57, 58 and 61-63
with walls.............................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.8.1, Figure 62
limitations.....................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.1, Figure 17A
penetrations.................................................................... E2/AS1 8.5.9, Figures 59 and 60
handrails................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.9.1
plywood substrates.........................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.3
butyl and EPDM.......................................................................................E2/AS1 8.5.4
roof and deck drainage.........................................E2/AS1 8.5.6, Figures 56, 57 and 62-64

Mixing devices
see Water supply, hot

Moisture
see External Moisture, Internal Moisture, Surface Water

Motels.................................................................................................................... D1/AS1 9.1.1

see also Communal residential

Municipal offices....................................................................................... NZBC/D1.3.4 (c) (iv)

see also Commercial buildings

Museums
see Communal non-residential

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N
Natural Light......................................................................................................................... G7
awareness of the outside environment...................................... NZBC/G7.1, G7.2, G7.3.2
minimum illuminance......................................................................................NZBC/G7.3.1

Natural ventilation
see Ventilation

Network utility operators................. NZBC/G11.3.6, G13.3.3, G15.3.3, H1.1; F1/VM1 2.1.1 f)

G14/AS1 1.2.1, 1.2.2
No-sky line condition............................................................................. G7/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 3

Non-potable water supply

see Water supply

Non-return valves...................................................................G12/AS1 Figures 7 to 10, Table 6

Notional boundary.................................... C/AS1 7.3.13 to 7.3.15, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.7.1, Table 7.4

Nurses’ or Nursing homes

see Communal residential

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O
Obstructions.............................................................................. NZBC/D1.3.2 (b); D1/AS1 1.5
dangerous projections..................................................................... D1/AS1 1.5.4, Figure 6
isolated columns..............................................................................D1/AS1 1.5.5, Figure 7
major projections............................................................................ D1/AS1 1.5.3, Figure 5
minor projections...................................................................D1/AS1 1.5.1, 1.5.2, Figure 4

Occupants.................................................................................... NZBC/D2.3.5 (b), G1.3.3 (e)

occupant densities............................................................ C/AS1 2.3.3, 3.4.5 b), Table 2.2
occupant load..................................................................................... F7/AS1 1.1.2 a), 2.1.1
occupant loads – specific requirements
and limitations............................ C/AS1 2.3, 3.3.2, 3.4.5, 3.4.8 c), 3.6.1 a) d), 3.9.11,
3.9.12 b) e), 3.10.1, 3.10.2, 3.12.2 b), 3.15.1 d),
3.16.3 c), 3.17.9 a) Step 1 and Step 2, 4.5.15,
6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.4.1, 6.20.6 a), 6.20.7 a), 6.20.19,
6.21.5 c), 6.22.2 c) d) f), B4.1.1, Tables 3.1 and 4.1
Occupied spaces..................... C/AS1 3.2.1, 3.3.2 d), 6.6.7, 6.7.4, 6.22.3, Tables 2.1 and 6.2;
G4/AS1 1.1.1, 1.2.1 a); G6/AS1 1.0.1 a)

Odours
see Foul Water, Industrial Liquid Waste, Solid Waste

Offices
see Commercial buildings

Oil fired appliances

installation............................................................................................................C/AS1 9.3
seismic restraint................................................................................................C/AS1 9.3.2

Old people’s homes............................. NZBC/G2.2, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a) to (d), G5.2.1 (a) (b),
G5.3.1 to G5.3.3, G5.3.5, G7.2, G12.3.4;
G1/AS1 Table 4; G2/AS1 Table 1; G3/AS1 1.0.1;
G5/AS1 1.0.3, 2.0, Table 3
see also Communal residential buildings

Open fires..................................................................................C/AS1 9.5, Figures 9.1 and 9.3

Open paths..........................................................................................................F8/AS1 3.1.1 a)

see Escape routes

Opening windows..................................................................................................... F4/AS1 2.0

Other property...........................C/AS1 4.3.2, 5.3.2 d), 6.1.1, 7.1.1 b), 7.3.1 b), 7.3.15 a), 7.7.1,
7.8.10 a), 7.9.1, 7.9.6 b), 7.9.10 d), Tables 6.1 and 7.3
Outbuildings......................................................... NZBC/A1 7.0. D1.2.1, D1.3.2, D1.3.3 (h) (i),
G1.3.4, G8.2, G12.3.8; G1/AS1 Table 4
Outdoor air supply....................................................................................... G4/AS1 1.3.1 a), d)

Ovens
see Food Preparation and Prevention of Contamination, cooking

Overflow................................................................................................................... E3/AS1 2.0

containment.............................................................................. E3/AS1 2.0.1, 2.1, Figure 1
floor waste............................................................................................... E3/AS1 2.0.1, 2.2

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Index

P
Parapets....................................... E2/AS1 6.0, 9.3.9, 9.4.8, 9.5.5, 9.7.8, 9.8.7, 9.9.10, 9.6.9.8
C/AS1 6.12.7 b), 7.1.2 e), 7.8.1 b), 7.8.2, 7.9.2 b), Figure 7.1
capping materials............................................................................................... E2/AS1 6.3
general................................................................................................................ E2/AS1 6.2
limitations........................................................................................................... E2/AS1 6.1
integral surface cappings................................................................................... E2/AS1 6.6
membrane cappings.......................................................................................... E2/AS1 6.5
metal cappings....................................................................................E2/AS1 6.4, Figure 9
parapet-to-wall junctions...................................................E2/AS1 6.4.1, Figures 11-13

Pedestrians
see Access Routes

Penetrations.................................. C/AS1 3.12.3 e), 6.12.4, 6.12.9 d), 6.16.4 e), 6.17.1, 6.17.4,
6.17.5, 6.17.7, 6.18.6 c), 6.18.9, 6.20.13 a)

People with disabilities..............NZBC/F8.3.4; C/AS1 2.4, 3.15.1 e), 3.17.1 e); D1/AS1 1.1.4,
Table 9; E3/AS1 3.3.2; F7/AS1 2.1.2 d) f); F8/AS1 5.0;
G1/AS1 1.1.2, 1.2.2, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, Figures 5 to 9,
Tables 1 and 2; G2/AS1 1.2.2, Figure 2; G3/AS1 1.5.2;
G5/AS1 3.0; G9/AS1 2.0; G12/AS1 8.0
accessible route identification................................................................ F8/AS1 5.0.1 a) b)
accessible routes........................................................................................... G1/AS1 4.1.1
electrical installations..................................................................................... NZBC/G9.3.4
enhanced listening systems.............................................................NZBC/G5.3.5, G5.3.6
facility identification.................................................................................... F8/AS1 5.0.1 b)
food preparation and cooking facilities.......................................................... NZBC/G3.3.5
information and warning signs........................................................ NZBC/F8.2 (d), F8.3.4
listening system identification.........................................................F8/AS1 5.0.3, Figure 7
mechanical installations for access
see Mechanical Installations for Access
personal hygiene facilities.............................................................................. NZBC/G1.3.5
provision of laundering facilities.................................................................... NZBC/G2.3.4
usable water taps...................................................................................G12/AS1 Figure 18
water supply................................................................................................. NZBC/G12.3.9

Pergolas
see Decks and Pergolas

Personal Hygiene..................................................................................... G1; NZBC/G13.1 (a)

see also Sanitary fixtures
absence of facilities.....................................................................................NZBC/G1.1 (b)
access to facilities........................................................................NZBC/D1.3.3 (c), G1.3.5
location of facilities........................................................................................ NZBC/G1.3.4
non-water-borne disposal system........................................................... NZBC/G1.3.2 (h)
overflows from sanitary fixtures.................................................... NZBC/E3.3.2 to E3.3.4
people with disabilities...........................NZBC/G1.3.5; G1/AS1 1.1.2, 1.2.2, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2
privacy............................................................................................................... G1/AS1 6.0
cubicles.......................................................................................G1/AS1 6.2, Figure 11
line of sight.................................................................................G1/AS1 6.1, Figure 10
lobbies........................................................................................................ G1/AS1 6.3
unisex facilities........................................................................................ G1/AS1 1.1.5
privies............................................................................................................. G1/AS1 5.0.2
water-borne disposal system..................................................NZBC/G1.3.2 (g), G13.1 (b)

Piles
see Foundations

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Piped Services.................................................................................................................... G10

extreme temperatures.........................................................................NZBC/G10.1, G10.2
gas pipes.......................................................................................... NZBC/G10.3.2, G10.3
hazardous substances..........................................................................NZBC/G10.1, G10.2
identification of piping systems................................................................... NZBC/G10.3.4
isolating devices........................................................................................... NZBC/G10.3.6
piping systems..............................................................................................NZBC/G10.3.1
preventing sound transmission...................................................................G6/AS1 1.0.1 c)
protection against corrosion........................................................................ NZBC/G10.3.3

Pipes
see also Discharge pipes, Discharge stacks, Vent pipes
installation........................................................................................................G11/AS1 4.0
jointing methods........................................................................................... G13/AS1 6.1.1
materials...........................................................................................G13/AS1 2.1.1, Table 1
sizing................................................................................................................. G11/AS1 1.0
pressure ranges......................................................................................... G11/AS1 1.1
flow velocities...................................................................................... G11/AS1 1.4
pressures above 1.5 kPa ..................................................................... G11/AS1 1.3
pressures below 1.5 kPa ..................................................................... G11/AS1 1.2
supports.......................................................................................... G13/AS1 6.2.1, Table 7
thermal movement.......................................................................................... G13/AS1 6.3
watertightness.................................................................................................G13/AS1 7.0

Placement of detectors............................................................................................ F7/AS1 1.4

Places of assembly...................................................................................................D1/AS1 8.0

see also Communal non-residential

Plumbing systems
see Foul Water

Plywood sheet.......................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.8

corners............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.4
external...............................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.4.1, Figure 122
Internal............................................................................... E2/AS1 9.8.4.2, Figure 123
finishes............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.9
flashing material.......................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.5, Tables 20-22
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.8.3, Table 23
fixings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.8.3.1, Table 24
joints..........................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.3.2, Figures 118-121
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.8.1
materials....................................................................... E2/AS1 9.8.2, Figures 118 and 119
parapets and enclosed balustrades................................................................ E2/AS1 9.8.7
soffit details..................................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.6, Figure 114
windows and doors.........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.8.8
windows: direct fixed......................................................... E2/AS1 9.8.8.1, Figure 115
windows: with cavity.........................................................E2/AS1 9.8.8.2, Figure 116

Pools
see Swimming pools

Positive and negative pressure............................................................................. G4/AS1 1.3.3

Potable water supply

see Water Supplies

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Pressed metal tiles...................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3

barges.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.3.9, Figure 8
fascias............................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.3.9, Figure 8
fixings..............................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.7
flashings....................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.8, Table 7, Figures 34-37
gutters............................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.3.9, Figure 8
installation.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.2
limitations.......................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.1, Figure 37
metal substrate...............................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.4
aluminium..............................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.4.3
choice of metal...................................................................... E2/AS1 8.3.4.1, Table 20
steel.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.4.2
roof penetrations............................................................E2/AS1 8.3.10, Figures 53 and 55
roof pitch....................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.3.5, Figure 32
tiles..................................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.3.3
underlay........................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.3.6, Table 23

Pressure limiting valves........................................... G12/AS1 5.3.2, 6.2.1 c), Figure 8, Table 6

Pressure reducing valves............................. G12/AS1 5.3.2, 6.2.1 b), Figures 7 and 9, Table 6

Pressure regulators................................................................................................. G11/AS1 2.1

Pressure relief valves......................................................................G12/AS1 6.4.1, 6.6, Table 6

installation.................................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.6.5
relief valve drains.............................................................. G12/AS1 6.7, Figures 12 and 13

Pressurisation of safe paths

see Fire safety precautions

Principal entrance..................................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.1

Prisons
see Communal residential
Privacy
see Personal Hygiene

Privies
see Personal Hygiene, privies

Profiled metal roof claddings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4

allowance for expansion.............................................. E2/AS1 8.4.10, Table 16, Figure 39
fixings: corrugated and trapezoidal profiles.................................. E2/AS1 8.4.8, Figure 39
requirements............................................................E2/AS1 8.4.8.1, Tables 14 and 15
fixings: trough profile.................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.9, Figure 40
requirements.........................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.9.1
flashing details..................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.12, Figures 43-48
flashing requirements....................... E2/AS1 8.4.11, Tables 21 and 22, Figures 41 and 42
fixing flashings....................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.11.1, Table 21, Figure 6
general.............................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.2
internal gutters............................................................. E2/AS1 8.4.16, 8.4.16.3, Figure 52
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 8.4.1
materials..........................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.3
aluminium..............................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.3.3
choice of metal...................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.3.1, Table 20
steel.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.3.2
parallel hidden gutters.................................................. E2/AS1 8.4.16, 8.4.16.1, Figure 50
profile closure................................................................................................ E2/AS1 8.4.15
profiles........................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.4, Figure 38
roof penetrations........................................E2/AS1 8.4.17, Table 17, Figures 21 and 53-55
roof pitch.........................................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.5
stopends.......................................................................................E2/AS1 8.4.13, Figure 49
structure....................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.6, Tables 11, 12 and 13
turn-downs at gutters................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.14
underlay........................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.7, Table 23
valley gutters................................................... E2/AS1 8.4.16, 8.4.16.2, Table 8, Figure 51

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Profiled metal wall claddings ..................................................................... E2/AS1 9.6, Table 3

(horizontal and vertical)
fixings......................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.6, Table 20, Figure 39
flashings.........................................................E2/AS1 9.6.7, Figures 5 and 6, Table 21
general......................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.2
horizontal profiled metal on cavity...........................................................E2/AS1 9.6.9
barges............................................................................. E2/AS1 9.6.9.4, Figure 97
bottom of cladding......................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.9.5, Figure 98
cavity battens...................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.9.2, Table 23
corners........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.9.3, Figure 96
installation........................................................................ E2/AS1 9.6.9.1, Table 23
parapets and balustrades..............................E2/AS1 9.6.9.8, Figures 101 and 102
penetrations..................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.9.6, Figures 53 and 69
windows..........................................................E2/AS1 9.6.9.7, Figures 99 and 100
limitations................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.6.1, Figure 38
maintenance.............................................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.4
materials...................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.3
aluminium.........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.3.3
choice of metal................................................................. E2/AS1 9.6.3.1, Table 20
steel..................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.3.2
profiles.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.5, Figure 38
vertical profile – direct fixed.....................................................................E2/AS1 9.6.8
barges............................................................................. E2/AS1 9.6.8.2, Figure 92
bottom of cladding......................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.8.3, Figure 93
corners........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.8.4, Figure 94
installation........................................................................ E2/AS1 9.6.8.1, Table 23
penetrations..................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.8.5, Figures 53 and 69
windows......................................................... E2/AS1 9.6.8.6, Figures 95 and 100

Protected paths
see Escape routes

Protected shafts..........................................................C/AS1 6.10.4 a), 6.12.4, 6.16, Figure 6.8

Protecting other property

see Spread of Fire, Internal Moisture, Water Supplies

Protection of gas supply......................................................................................... G11/AS1 7.0

contamination................................................................................................... G11/AS1 7.1
low pressures................................................................................................... G11/AS1 7.2

Protection of water supplies...................................................................................G12/AS1 3.4

air gaps.............................................................................................................G12/AS1 3.5
backflow prevention devices...........................................................................G12/AS1 3.6
atmospheric vacuum breakers..................... G12/AS1 3.6.2 d) 3.6.4 d), 3.7.1, Table 2
double check valves.................................................. G12/AS1 3.6.2 b), 3.7.2, Table 2
pressure vacuum breakers...........................G12/AS1 3.6.2 c), 3.6.4 c), 3.7.1, Table 2
reduced pressure zone devices.................. G12/AS1 3.6.2 a), 3.6.4 a), 3.7.2, Table 2
cross connections.....................................................................................G12/AS1 3.1, 3.2
hazard....................................................................................................... G12/AS1 3.3
installation................................................................................ G12/AS1 3.6.3, 3.6.4, 3.7.1
testing...............................................................................................................G12/AS1 3.7

Purpose groups....... C/AS1 1.3.2 Step 3, 2.1.3, 2.2.1, 2.3.2, 3.4.2 b), 4.2.7 a) c), 4.5.1, 4.5.2,
4.5.8, 4.5.13, 5.8.4, 7.5.10, 7.8.5, 7.9.6, 7.11.3, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 4.1,
6.1 to 6.3 and 7.5; F6/AS1 1.1.3, 1.1.4, Table 2.1
active purpose groups...............................C/AS1 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 4.4.1 Step 2, Table 4.1
concessions for multiple purpose groups..................................C/AS1 5.6.7, 5.6.8, 5.6.11
fire hazard category 4.......................................................................... C/AS1 2.2.10, 5.6.11
primary purpose group.................. C/AS1 2.2.2, 2.2.4, 2.2.7, 4.2.7 c), 4.4.1 Step 1, 4.5.5,
6.10.1, 6.11.1, 6.11.2
residential community care..................................................................................C/AS1 2.4
sleeping purpose groups.............. C/AS1 3.9.12 f), 3.15.1 c), 3.15.5, 4.4.1 Step 2, 4.5.11,
5.3.2 a), 5.7.9, 6.1.2 b), 7.7.1, 7.8.10 a), 7.9.1, 7.9.16,
7.10.5 c), A1.2.1 Type 16, Tables 4.1 and 7.4

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Index

Purpose groups (continued)

CL.............C/AS1 2.2.3, 2.2.6, 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.16.1, 3.16.3, 3.16.7,
3.17.1 c), 3.17.9 a), 6.3, 6.20.7, 6.20.17, 6.20.18 d), 6.20.20, 6.22.1,
A2.1.1 Type 16, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3; F7/AS1 1.3.5 b)
CM............ C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 3.15.4, 3.17.1 c),
6.4, 6.20.17, 6.20.20, 6.22.1, 7.9.10 b), Figure 3.20, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3,
6.2 and 6.3; F7/AS1 1.3.5 b)
CO ........................C/AS1 3.9.3 b), 3.15.1 b), 3.16.5 to 3.16.7, 4.3.3, 6.5, A2.1.1 Type 16,
Tables 2.1, 3.1, 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3
CS ......... C/AS1 2.2.3, 2.2.6, 2.2.7, 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3,
3.15.4, 3.18.1, 6.3.1, 6.20.7, 6.20.17, 6.20.20, 6.22.1, A2.1.1 Type 16,
Figure 3.20, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3; F7/AS1 1.3.5 b)
IA................. C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 b), 3.10.2, 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 3.15.4,
4.3.3, 6.10, 6.22.1, A2.1.1 Type 16, Figure 3.20, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3 and 6.3
ID...................... C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 b), 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 4.3.3, 6.11,
A2.1.1 Type 16, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3 and 6.3
IE.................. C/AS1 4.3.3, 6.9, 6.20.20, 7.3.1 a), 7.3.14, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.9.6 a), 7.9.10 a),
Tables 2.1 and 6.2
SA........................ C/AS1 2.2.3, 2.2.9, 2.3.6, 3.5.2 b), 3.5.3 b), 3.5.4 b), 3.9.12 f), 3.9.14,
3.11.6, 3.15.1 c), 3.15.5 to 3.15.7, 3.16.9, 3.17.9 b) d), 3.18.1, 4.5.11,
5.7.6 b), 5.8.2 c), 6.7, 6.9.6, 6.14.3, 6.16.5, 6.18.7, 6.20.20, 6.22.1,
7.1.1 b), 7.3.1 a), 7.3.14, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.5.7, 7.5.9, 7.5.10, 7.9.6 a),
7.9.10 a), A2.1.1 Type 4, Type 5, Type 7, Figures 3.21 and 7.7,
Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.1 to 6.3 and 7.5; F7/AS1 1.1.2 b),
1.2.5, 1.3.5 a) b), 2.1.2 d)
SC......................C/AS1 2.3.6, 3.9.12 f), 3.9.14, 3.11.6, 3.16.8, 3.17.4, 3.17.9 b) d), 4.5.11,
5.7.6 b), 5.8.2 c), 6.6, 6.9.6, 6.11.3, 6.20.8 b), 6.20.20, 7.1.1 b),
7.3.1 a), 7.3.14, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.9.6 a), 7.9.10 a), 7.11.1, 8.1.2,
Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.1 to 6.3 and 7.5;
F7/AS1 1.3.5 a) b), 2.1.2 e), 2.2.3
SD......................C/AS1 2.3.6, 3.9.12 f), 3.9.14, 3.11.6, 3.16.8, 3.17.4, 3.17.9 b) d), 4.5.11,
5.7.6 b), 5.8.2 c), 6.6, 6.9.6, 6.11.3, 6.20.8 b), 6.20.20, 7.1.1 b), 7.3.1 a),
7.3.14, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.9.6 a), 7.9.10 a), 7.11.1, 8.1.2, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3,
6.1 to 6.3 and 7.5; F7/AS1 1.3.5 a) b), 2.1.2 e), 2.2.3
SH......................... C/AS1 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 2.2.8, 2.2.9 b), 3.5.2 b) to 3.5.4 b), 3.15.1, 3.20.1,
4.3.3, 5.9.4 c), 6.8, 6.14.3, 6.14.4, 6.20.1, 7.1.1 b), 7.3.1 a), 7.3.14,
7.5.3 Step 1, 7.5.7, 7.5.9, 7.5.10, 7.8.5, 7.9.19, 7.10.6, 7.10.8, 7.11.4,
Figure 7.7, Tables 2.1, 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3
SR.............................. C/AS1 1.3.5, 2.2.9 a), 3.5.2 b), 3.5.3 b), 3.5.4 b), 3.11.6, 3.15.1 c),
3.15.5 to 3.15.7, 3.16.9, 3.17.9 b) d), 3.18.1, 3.20.1, 4.5.11, 5.7.6 b),
5.8.2 c), 6.8, 6.9.6, 6.14.3, 6.14.4, 6.16.5, 6.18.7, 6.20.1, 6.20.20,
6.22.1, 7.1.1 b), 7.3.1 a), 7.3.14, 7.5.3 Step 1, 7.5.7, 7.5.9, 7.5.10,
7.8.5, 7.9.6 a), 7.9.10 c), 7.9.19, 7.10.6 to 7.10.8, A2.1.1 Type 4,
Type 5, Type 7, Figures 3.21 and 7.7, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3,
6.1 to 6.3 and 7.5; F7/AS1 1.1.2 b), 1.2.5, 1.3.5 a) b)
WF.............................. C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.15.1 b), 5.8.4, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3
WH........................................ C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.15.1 b), 5.8.4,
Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3
WL................ C/AS1 3.5.2 a), 3.5.3 a), 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 3.15.4, 3.18.1,
6.22.1, Figure 3.20, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3
WM........................... C/AS1 3.5.2 a) to 3.5.4 a), 3.5.6 c), 3.15.1 b), 3.15.3, 3.15.4, 6.11.1,
Figure 3.20, Tables 2.1, 3.1 to 3.3, 6.2 and 6.3

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

QR

Qualifications................................ E2/AS1 1.5, 8.2.2, 8.4.2, 8.5.2, 9.2.2, 9.3.4.1, 9.6.2, 9.9.2

Radioactive substances
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 7

Ramps.................................................................. C/AS1 3.1.4, 3.9.2, D1/AS1 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 3.0

accessible ramps.....................................................D1/AS1 3.1.3, 6.0.3 to 6.0.4, Figure 9
slopes................................................................................................... D1/AS1 Table 3
width............................................................................................................D1/AS1 3.2
intermediate landings....................................................................... D1/AS1 3.3.1, Table 5
length....................................................................................................... D1/AS1 3.3.3
width........................................................................................................ D1/AS1 3.3.2
kerb ramps........................................................................................D1/AS1 3.4, Figure 10
landings............................................................................................ D1/AS1 3.3, Figure 25
service ramps..................................................................... D1/AS1 3.1.2, Figure 8, Table 4
slip resistance................................................................................... D1/AS1 3.1.4, Table 2
slopes........................................................................................................D1/AS1 3.1, 3.1.1

Recirculated air systems................................................................................... G4/AS1 1.3.1 e)

Reflectances...................................................................................................... G7/AS1 Table 2

high..........................................................................................G7/AS1 1.0.3, 1.0.4, Table 1
medium...................................................................................G7/AS1 1.0.3, 1.0.4, Table 1

Refuge areas
see Fire safety precautions

Refuse
see Solid waste

Reinforcing steel................... B1/AS3 1.3.2 b) c), 1.4, 1.6, 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.8.5, 2.2.1 a), Table 1

Relevant boundaries....................... C/AS1 2.2.8, 5.3.2 a), 5.4.1 g), 5.7.6 a), 5.9.4 c), 7.1.2 d),
7.3.1 b), 7.3.4 to 7.3.6, 7.3.9, 7.3.12 b), 7.3.15 a),
7.4.2, 7.5 to 7.8, 7.10.5, 7.10.6, 7.11.4, Figures 7.3,
7.7 to 7.9, Tables 7.1 to 7.5

Relief valve drains

see Cold water expansion valves, Temperature relief valves,
Temperature/pressure relief valves

Retaining walls....................................................................................................... F4/AS1 1.2.5

Retirement villages
see Communal residential

Rodding points
see Maintenance access to drains

Roof claddings...................................................................................................E2/AS1 3.2, 8.0

general................................................................................................................ E2/AS1 8.1
fixings........................................................................................E2/AS1 8.1.4, Table 20
gutters..................................................................................... E2/AS1 8.1.6, Figure 20
hidden gutters.................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.6.1
internal gutters.................................................................... E2/AS1 8.1.6.1, 8.1.6.3
valley gutters..........................................................E2/AS1 8.1.6.1, 8.1.6.2, Table 8
limitations................................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.2
maintenance............................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.3
projecting eaves............................................................................... E2/AS1 8.1.3.1

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Index

Roof claddings (continued)

roof penetrations.............................E2/AS1 8.1.7, Tables 9 and 17, Figures 21 and 22
underlays.................................................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.5, Table 23
underlay support.............................................................................. E2/AS1 8.1.5.1
weathertightness......................................................................................E2/AS1 8.1.1

Roof/wall junctions................................................................................................... E2/AS1 5.0

apron flashings.......................................................................E2/AS1 5.1, Table 7, Figure 7
barges..................................................................................................E2/AS1 5.2, Figure 8
fascias.................................................................................................E2/AS1 5.2, Figure 8
gutters.................................................................................................E2/AS1 5.2, Figure 8

Roofs........................ C/AS1 3.14.3, 3.14.4, 3.14.6 a), 3.16.7, 5.1.1 b), 6.12.1, 6.12.7, 6.18.5 c),
6.20.5, 6.20.11, 7.2.1 b), 7.8.1, 7.9.1 to 7.9.9, Figures 7.1 and 7.11;
car parking and storage............................................................. C/AS1 7.8.2, 7.9.16, 7.9.17
eaves and projections (fire safety)............................................ C/AS1 2.2.8, 7.8.3 to 7.8.5
exterior surface finishes.................................................................................. C/AS1 7.11.1
fire spread...................................................................................... C/AS1 7.1.1, 7.9.1, 7.9.2
fire venting................................................. C/AS1 4.2.4, 5.4.1 i), 5.5.3, 6.3.2 b), 7.8.10 a)
open sided buildings............................................... C/AS1 7.8.8, 7.8.9, 7.8.10, Figure 7.10
roof spaces............................................ C/AS1 6.12.8, 6.18.5 b) c), 6.18.7, 6.18.8, 6.18.10

Rubbish chutes
see Solid Waste

Run-off
estimation of run-off......................................................................................... E1/VM1 2.0
Rational Method............................................................................................. E1/VM1 2.0.1
rainfall intensity....................................................... E1/VM1 2.2, E1/AS1 Appendix A
run-off coefficient......................................................................... E1/VM1 2.1, Table 1
slope correction..........................................................................E1/VM1 2.1.3, Table 2
time of concentration....................................................................... E1/VM1 2.2.1, 2.3
alternative procedure...............................................................E1/VM1 2.3.6, 2.3.7
catchment slopes............................................................................... E1/VM1 2.3.7
open channel flow..............................................................................E1/VM1 2.3.5
pipe flow............................................................................... E1/VM1 2.3.4, Table 1
time of entry.......................................................................................E1/VM1 2.3.2
overland flow........................................................... E1/VM1 2.3.2 b), Figure 1
road channel flow.................................................... E1/VM1 2.3.2 b), Figure 2
time of network flow...............................................................................E1/VM1 2.3.3

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

S
S rating
see Fire resistance ratings

Safe paths........................................................................ F7/AS1 1.3.1, 1.3.4; F8/AS1 3.2.3 b)

see also Escape routes

Safe place.................. NZBC/F7.3, F8.3.3 (a); C/AS1 3.1.1, 3.7.1, 3.16.4, 3.16.8, 6.1.1, 6.22.7,
A2.1.1 Type 13 and Type 16

Safe trays
see Storage water heaters

Safe water temperatures

see Water Supplies, hot

Safety from Falling................................................................................................................ F4

see also Barriers
accidental falls....................................................................................................NZBC/F4.2
children under 6.........................................................................................NZBC/F4.3.4 (f)
gates.......................................................................................................... NZBC/F4.3.5 (a)
impact of people.......................................................................................NZBC/F4.3.4 (d)
low risk areas.................................................................................................. F4/AS1 1.2.2
pressure of people....................................................................................NZBC/F4.3.4 (d)
provision of barriers........................................................................................ NZBC/F4.3.1
roofs with permanent access.........................................................................NZBC/F4.3.2
swimming pools................................................................................. NZBC/F4.3.3, F4.3.5
fencing......................................................................................................... F4/AS1 3.0

Safety of users
see Hazardous Agents on Site, Hazardous Building Materials,
Hazardous Substances and Processes, Safety from Falling, Construction
and Demolition Hazards, Lighting for Emergency, Warning Systems, Signs

Sanitary appliances....................................................... NZBC/G13.2; G12/AS1 8.0.1, Table 1;

G13/AS1 1.0.2, 3.3.1, Table 2
washing machines.....................................................................G13/AS1 Figure 2, Table 2

Sanitary fixtures............... NZBC/E3.3.2 to E3.3.4, G1.3.1, G1.3.2, G12.2, G12.3.3, G12.3.5,

G12.3.6 (b), G13.2; G12/AS1 6.12.1, 6.14.2, Figure 20,
Tables 1 and 3; G13/AS1 1.0.2, 3.3.1, Table 2
see also Basins, Bidets, Personal Hygiene, Showers, Urinals, WC pans
acceptable standards........................................................................................ G1/AS1 2.6
access
pans..........................................................................................................G1/AS1 4.2.7
people with disabilities..................................................................... G1/AS1 1.2.2, 4.1
basins....................................................................................G1/AS1 3.3, Figure 9, Table 1
bidets..................................................................................................................G1/AS1 2.4
communal sanitary fixtures.............................................................................. G1/AS1 3.4
construction and installation............................................................................. G1/AS1 2.0
locations.................................................................................................. G1/AS1 3.0, 4.2.1
non-flushing sanitary fixtures........................................................................... G1/AS1 5.0
privies...................................................................................................... G1/AS1 5.0.2
number of fixtures required........................................ G1/AS1 1.0, Figure 1, Tables 1 to 4
safe water temperatures................................................................. G12/AS1 6.14.1, 6.14.2
sanitary towel disposal............................................................ G1/AS1 1.1.5 b), 1.2, 1.2.2
showers................................................ G1/AS1 2.5, 4.2.3, 4.2.4, Figures 5 and 8, Table 2
soil fixtures........................................................................G1/AS1 3.1.1, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.1
see also WC pans
space dimensions................................................. G1/AS1 3.1, 4.2.2, 6.2.1, Figures 4 to 9
toilets
see WC pans
types of fixtures required........................................................ G1/AS1 1.0, Tables 1 and 2

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Index

Sanitary fixtures (continued)

urinals......................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3, 6.1.1, Table 1
bowl urinals......................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.1, 2.3.3, 2.3.5
continuous wall urinals............................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.1, Figure 3
discharge system................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.2
flushing systems......................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.5 to 2.3.8, Table 5
manually operated............................................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.8
stall urinals..................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.1, 2.3.5
surface finishes...................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.4
trough urinals............................................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.1 to 2.3.3

Sanitation
see Personal Hygiene

Schools
see Communal non-residential

SDI
see Smoke developed index

Seating................ C/AS1 2.3.5, 3.3.2 k), 3.3.6 c), 3.9.3, 3.9.4, 3.9.7 to 3.9.11, 3.16.5, 3.16.6,
6.5.1, Figures 3.13 to 3.15, Tables 2.2 and 3.4
open air auditoriums (purpose group CO)................................C/AS1 3.16.5, 3.16.6, 6.5.1

Seats on decks........................................................................................F4/AS1 1.2.4, Figure 6

Security..........................................................NZBC/G14.3.2 (g); G14/VM1 1.9, G14/AS1 1.1

Serviceability limit states

see Structure, limit states

Services and facilities

see Personal Hygiene, Laundering, Food Preparation and Prevention of
Contamination, Ventilation, Interior Environment, Airborne and Impact Sound,
Natural Light, Artificial Light, Electricity, Piped Services,Gas as an Energy Source,
Water Supply, Foul Water, Industrial Liquid Waste, Solid Waste

Sewers
see Foul Water
SFI
see Spread of flame index

Sheds
see Outbuildings

Shops
see Commercial buildings

Showers..................... E3/AS1 3.2, 3.2.2, 3.3, Figures 4 and 5; G1/AS1 2.5, Figures 5 and 8,
Table 2; G13/AS1 Table 2

Shrinkage
see Structure, loads

Signs......................................................................... F8; NZBC/C2.3.3, D1.3.4 (a), D2.3.2 (d);

C/AS1 3.3.6 a), 3.17.11 d), D1/AS1 1.1.1
escape routes.............................................................................NZBC/F8.2 (a), F8.3.3 (a)
exit............................................................................................................... F8/AS1 3.0
alternative exit.................................................................................F8/AS1 3.2.3 b)
arrows........................................................................ F8/AS1 3.2.2, 3.3.2, Figure 3
backgrounds........................................................................................F8/AS1 3.3.3
colours................................................... F8/AS1 2.1, 3.4, 3.5.3 a) b), 4.1.3, Table 3
illumination............................................................................................. F8/AS1 3.5
externally illuminated...................................................................F8/AS1 3.5.2
internally illuminated....................................................................F8/AS1 3.5.3
lighting supply.............................................................................. F8/AS1 3.5.5
self-luminous................................................................................ F8/AS1 3.5.4
lettering..................................................................................F8/AS1 3.3.1, Table 4
location................................................................................................... F8/AS1 3.1
no exit signs.................................................................................... F8/AS1 3.2.3 a)
wording................................................................................................... F8/AS1 3.2

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Signs; escape routes (continued)

fire safety..............................................................................................F8/AS1 4.0, 6.4
call points................................................................................ F8/AS1 4.1, Figure 4
colours................................................................................................. F8/AS1 4.1.3
fire and smoke control doors................................................................. F8/AS1 4.2
lifts....................................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.4.1
stairs for Fire Service personnel.......................... F8/AS1 6.4.3, Figures 12 and 13
storage heights................................................................... F8/AS1 6.4.2, Figure 11
hazard signs........................................................................................................ F8/AS1 6.0
dangerous goods......................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.1
class 1.................................................................................................. F8/AS1 6.1.4
class 2.................................................................................................. F8/AS1 6.1.4
class 3.................................................................................................. F8/AS1 6.1.4
class 5.................................................................................................. F8/AS1 6.1.4
class 7.................................................................................................. F8/AS1 6.1.4
colour..........................................................................................F8/AS1 6.1.4 a
radiation warning symbol.......................................... F8/AS1 6.1.4 a), Figure 8
colour................................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.1.3
layout................................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.1.3
lettering..................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.1.3, 6.1.4
location................................................................................................ F8/AS1 6.1.4
electrical hazards..........................................................................F8/AS1 6.2, Figure 9
escalators and moving walks..................................................... F8/AS1 6.6, Figure 15
floor loadings............................................................................................... F8/AS1 6.3
buildings............................................................................. F8/AS1 6.3.1, Figure 10
lifts.......................................................................................................F8/AS1 6.3.2
passenger lifts.................................................................................F8/AS1 6.3.2 a)
service lifts......................................................................................F8/AS1 6.3.2 b)
hazardous substances and processes................................................... NZBC/F3.3 (g)
identification of hazards............................................................NZBC/F8.2 (c), F8.3.2
machine rooms........................................................................... F8/AS1 6.5, Figure 14
non-potable water...................................................................... F8/AS1 6.7, Figure 16
lighting for emergency................................................................. NZBC/F6.3.2, F8.3.3 (b)
people with disabilities.............................................. NZBC/F8.2 (d), F8.3.4; F8/AS1 5.0
access symbol.......................................................................F8/AS1 5.0.2 c), Figure 6
layout.........................................................................................F8/AS1 5.0.2, Figure 5
listening systems.......................................................................F8/AS1 5.0.3, Figure 7
readability........................................................................................................ NZBC/F8.3.1
lettering type and proportions.......................................................F8/AS1 1.0, Table 1
safety........................................................................................................ F8/AS1 2.0, 3.2.1
caution.................................................................. F8/AS1 2.2.2, 6.1.2, 6.2.2, Figure 2
colours............................................................................................ F8/AS1 2.1, Table 3
layout........................................................................................................... F8/AS1 2.2
prohibition and stop signs................................................F8/AS1 2.2.1, 6.7.1, Figure 1
safe condition signs................................................................................. F8/AS1 2.2.3
safety symbols............................................................................................ F8/AS1 2.3
visibility..........................................................................................NZBC/F8.3.1, F8.3.3 (b)

Single escape routes

see Escape routes

Sinks................................................. E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3; G3/AS1 1.1.5, G13/AS1 Table 2

see also Basins, Cleaners’ sinks, Kitchen sinks

Site characteristics..................................................................................... B1/VM4 Appendix A

Site investigation..................... B1/VM4 3.5.1, 4.7.1, Appendix A; F1/VM1 1.0.3, 2.0, Figure 1
analysis.............................................................................................................. F1/VM1 2.4
assessment..............................................................................F1/VM1 1.0.3, 2.5, Figure 2
detailed investigation................................................. B1/VM4 A1.3; F1/VM1 1.0.2 c), 2.3
history and records............................................................................................F1/VM1 2.1
preliminary investigation............................................ B1/VM4 A1.2; F1/VM1 1.0.2 b), 2.2
previous industrial use of site........................................................... F1/VM1 2.1.1, Table 1
recording information......................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.4

Site specific considerations.....................................................................................B2/VM1 1.2

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Index

Siteworks
see Design, siteworks

Slip resistance............................................... D1/VM1 1.0, D1/AS1 2.1, 3.1.4, 4.1.4 c), Table 2

Slopes....................................................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.2

acceptable slopes............................................................................ D1/AS1 1.2.1, Figure 2
changes in level....................................................................................... D1/AS1 1.3, 1.3.1
cross falls........................................................................................................D1/AS1 1.2.2

Slope stability........................................................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.4

Small chimneys
see Chimneys

Smoke.................................................................NZBC/C3.3.1, C3.3.2, C3.3.4, C3.3.7, C3.3.8

Smoke alarms............................................................................................... F7/AS1 3.1.1, 3.1.2

alarm system.................................................................... F7/AS1 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4
location.................................................................................................. F7/AS1 3.3.1, 3.3.2
maintenance.................................................................................................... F7/AS1 3.4.1

Smoke control................................................. C/AS1 3.11.9, 6.19.1, 6.19.12, 6.19.13, Table 6.1

see also Fire safety precautions
car parking.......................................................................................C/AS1 6.10.4 b), 6.10.6
doors
see Doors
in air handling systems
see Fire safety precautions
intermediate floors.......................C/AS1 3.4.6 a), 3.9.13 d), 4.5.17, 4.5.18, 6.21.3, 6.21.4
limited area atriums........................................................... C/AS1 4.5.18, 6.21.4 b), 6.22.1,
6.22.7, 6.22.8, Figure 6.14, Table 6.4
long corridors................................................................................ C/AS1 6.13.1, Figure 6.5
mechanical smoke extract
see Fire safety precautions
natural smoke venting
see Fire safety precautions
pressurisation
see Fire safety precautions
smoke reservoirs..............................................C/AS1 6.22.2 f), 6.22.5, 6.22.7 to 6.22.10,
A2.1.1 Type 10 and Type 11,
Figure 6.14, Table 6.4
systems................................C/AS1 3.4.6 a), 3.4.8 d), 3.9.13 d), 4.5.17, 6.21.5, 6.23.3 a),
A2.1.1 Type 9, Type 10 Type 11 Type 17, B1.1.1,
B2.2.1 Step 2, B3.1.1
ventilation.................................................................... C/AS1 3.14.7, 6.9.6 to 6.9.8, 6.10.6
vertical safe paths......................................................................... C/AS1 6.9.11, Figure 6.1

Smokecells.................................................. C/AS1 3.4.6 b), 4.2.2, 6.1.2 a), 6.4.1, 6.9.1, 6.12.4

Smoke detectors
see Fire safety precautions

Smoke developed index (SDI)............................C/AS1 6.18.2 d), 6.20.3, 6.20.5, 6.20.7 c) d),
C5.1.1 d), Table 6.2

Smoke separations.........................C/AS1 3.8.3 b), 3.11.1, 3.17.12 b), 6.1.2 c), 6.3.1, 6.6.4 b),
6.6.6 b), 6.9.6 e), 6.9.11, 6.10.1, 6.12.3, 6.12.4, 6.12.9,
6.13.1, 6.19.1, Table 6.1
glazing...............................................................................................................C/AS1 5.8.9
smoke seals........................................................................C/AS1 6.12.9, 6.19.2 b), 6.19.4

Smoke spread
see Smoke control

Snow
see Structure, loads

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Socket outlets
see Electricity, people with disabilities

Soil fixtures..............................................................................G1/AS1 3.1.1, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.1

see also WC pans

Soil properties..............................................................B1/VM4 1.0.5, 2.0.6, 2.0.7, Appendix A

Soil shrinkage and expansion........................................................ B1/VM4 3.1.2, 3.4.3, A1.2.1

Soils
adverse moisture conditions..........................................................................B1/VM4 1.0.2

Solid fuel appliances....................................................................................................................

domestic ........................................................................................................... B1/AS3 2.0
installation............................................................................................................ C/AS1 9.1
seismic restraint................................................................................................ C/AS1 9.1.2

Solid plastering..........................................................................................................B2/AS1 3.3

Solid Waste......................................................................................................................... G15

chutes...................................................................................... C/AS1 3.12.1, 6.16.5, 6.16.6
collection.......................................................................................... NZBC/G15.2, G15.3.1
holding.............................................................................................. NZBC/G15.2, G15.3.1
sewer............................................................................................................ NZBC/G15.3.3
storage............................................................ C/AS1 3.12.1, G15/AS1 1.0.1, 3.0, Figure 1
alternative solution....................................................................................G15/AS1 3.1
capacity..................................................................................................G15/AS1 1.0.1
location...................................................................................................G15/AS1 2.0.1
floors................................................................................................. G15/AS1 3.0.2
walls................................................................................................. G15/AS1 3.0.3
water supply......................................................................................G15/AS1 3.0.7
windows................................................................................. G15/AS1 3.0.4, 3.0.6
space required........................................................................................G15/AS1 1.0.2
vehicle access......................................................................................G15/AS1 3.0.10
ventilation..........................................................................G15/AS1 1.0.3, 3.0.8, 3.0.9
temperature.............................................................................................NZBC/G15.3.1 (d)
waste disposal units.................................................................................... NZBC/G15.3.3
waste (rubbish) chutes......................................... NZBC/G15.3.2; G15/AS1 4.0, Figure 2
cleaning................................................................................................. G15/AS1 4.0.3
odours.............................................................................................. NZBC/G15.3.2 (d)
restricted access.................................................................................... NZBC/G15.3.2 (g)
spread of fire................................................................................... NZBC/G15.3.2 (e)

Sound insulation tests

see Airborne and Impact Sound

Sound transmission class (STC)

see Airborne and Impact Sound

Spandrels....................................................................C/AS1 7.1.2 e), 7.9.12, 7.9.13, Figure 7.2

Specified intended life

see Durability

Spread of Fire
automatic fire suppression systems.............................................................. NZBC/C3.3.6
see also Fire safety precautions
automatic smoke control systems................................................................. NZBC/C3.3.8
see also Smoke control
concealed spaces........................................................................................... NZBC/C3.3.4
protect adjacent property.............................................................NZBC/C3.1 (c), C3.2 (c)
resistant to spread of fire...................................................................NZBC/C2.3.3, C3.3.1
rubbish chutes.............................................................................................. NZBC/G15.3.2
safeguard the environment.......................................................... NZBC/C3.1 (d), C3.2 (d)
safety while evacuating............................................................................... NZBC/C3.1 (a)
see also Means of Escape

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Index

Spread of flame index (SFI)................................C/AS1 6.18.2 d), 6.20.3, 6.20.5, 6.20.7 c) d),
C5.1.1 b), Table 6.2

Sprinklers
see Fire safety precautions

Stability
see Fire resistance ratings, Structure

Stadiums
see Communal non-residential

Staircase
see Stairways

Stairs
see Stairways

Stairs and ladders........C/AS1 3.1.4, 3.4.1 a), 3.4.7, 3.9.14, 3.15.9, Figures 3.6, 3.10 and 3.21
curved and spiral stairs.................................................................. C/AS1 3.3.5, 3.4.7 a) b)
external stairways.............. C/AS1 3.14.6 c), 3.14.7, 3.15.4, 3.15.7, Figures 3.22 and 3.23
stairways................... C/AS1 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.3.6 b), 3.4.5, 3.11.8, 3.12.3, 3.15.6, 5.8.2 c),
6.9.3, 6.9.10, 7.5.7

Stairways.................................................. NZBC/D1.3.2 (f) to (i), D1.3.4 (g) (h); D1/AS1 4.0

see also Access Routes, accessible routes and ladders
accessible stairs.................................................................... D1/AS1 4.1.7, 4.1.8 b), 4.2.1,
6.0.1 to 6.0.4, Figure 11, Tables 6 to 8
common stairs...............................................D1/AS1 4.1.8, 4.2.1, Figure 11, Tables 6 to 8
curved stairs............................................................................D1/AS1 4.1.3, 4.4, Figure 17
landings........................................D1/AS1 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.6 c), 4.6.2 c), Figures 14 and 25
direction changes............................................................................. D1/AS1 Figure 16
length......................................................................................... D1/AS1 4.3.4, 4.3.6 c)
maximum rise............................................................................ D1/AS1 4.3.2, Table 7
obstructions............................................................................ D1/AS1 4.3.5, Figure 15
width.........................................................................................................D1/AS1 4.3.3
lighting........................................................................................D1/AS1 4.6, 4.6.2, Table 8
pitch......................................................................................D1/AS1 4.1, Figure 11, Table 6
pitch lines............................................................... D1/AS1 4.1.3, 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.5.1, 4.5.2
private stairs......................................................... D1/AS1 4.6.2, Figure 11, Tables 6 and 8
main......................................................................................D1/AS1 Figure 11, Table 6
minor...........................................................................D1/AS1 4.5.1, Figure 11, Table 6
risers..............D1/AS1 4.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.8, 4.4.2, 4.5.1, Figures 11 and 12, Table 6
secondary...................................................................D1/AS1 4.5.1, Figure 11, Table 6
service stairs.........................................................D1/AS1 4.5.1, Figure 11, Tables 6 and 8
slip resistance............................................................................... D1/AS1 4.1.4 c), Table 2
spiral stairs............................................................................................ D1/AS1 4.1.3, 4.4.1
treads................................ D1/AS1 4.1, 4.1.2 to 4.1.7, 4.5.1, 4.6, Figures 11 to 13, Table 6
tapered treads........................................................................... D1/AS1 4.4, Figure 17
visibility . ...........................................................D1/AS1 4.3.6, 4.6, Table 8; G8/AS1 1.0.3
width................................................................D1/AS1 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.4.1, 4.5.2, 4.5.3, 6.0.1
winders..............................................................................................D1/AS1 4.5, Figure 18

Standard test
see Test methods

Steel
see Design, steel

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Storage water heaters.........................NZBC/H1.3.4; G12/AS1 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.6.3, 6.6.5, 6.7.2,

6.6.4, 6.8 to 6.11, Table 5; H1/AS1 5.0
see also Water heaters
drain pipes............................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.11.3 c)
open vented...................................................................... G12/AS1 6.3.2, Figures 6 and 7
free outlet type............................................................................ G12/AS1 6.1.2, 6.4.2
mains pressure supply.....................................................G12/AS1 6.2.1, Figure 8, Table 5
tank supply................................................................ G12/AS1 6.1.1, Figure 6, Table 5
safe trays...........................................................................................G12/AS1 5.2.3, 6.11.3
seismic restraint...........................................................................G12/AS1 6.11.5, Figure 4
unvented
see Storage water heaters, valve vented
valve vented........................................................................... G12/AS1 6.3 to 6.7, Figure 8

Storage water tanks

see Tanks

Strainers (filters)................................................................................................. G12/AS1 6.2.3

Structural fire endurance rating (S)

see Fire resistance ratings

Structural integrity
see Structure, Structural Stability During Fire

Structural Stability During Fire

consequential collapse................................................................................... NZBC/C4.3.3
fire hazards......................................................................................................NZBC/C4.3.1
fire intensity.....................................................................................................NZBC/C4.3.1
fire load............................................................................................................NZBC/C4.3.1
fire resistance........................................................................NZBC/C4.3.1, C4.3.2, C4.3.3

Structural stability
see Fire resistance ratings

Structure.................................................................................................................................B1
building instability.............................................................................................. NZBC/B1.1
collapse..............................................................................................................NZBC/B1.2
damage...............................................................................................................NZBC/B1.2
deflections..........................................................................................................NZBC/B1.2
demolition.......................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.6
design
concrete......................................................................................................B1/VM1 3.0
drains
see Drains
foundations
see Foundations
loadings............................................................................................... B1/VM1 1.1, 2.0
earthquake................................................................................ B1/AS3 1.9, Table 2
limit state.............................................................................. B1/VM1 1.1.2, 5.2, 7.1
non-limit state............................................................................. B1/VM1 1.1.3, 7.2
site effects (local) or faults................................................................ B1/VM1 1.1.4
masonry........................................................ B1/VM1 4.0, B1/AS1 2.0, B1/AS3 1.3.3
siteworks.................................................................................................. B1/VM1 10.0
steel............................................................................................................B1/VM1 5.0
strength reduction factor.............................. B1/VM4 2.0.1, 3.5.1, 4.7, Tables 1 and 4
timber....................................................................................B1/VM1 6.0, B1/AS1 3.0
see also Timber barriers
windows
see Windows
failure.................................................................................................................. NZBC/B1.1
limit states
serviceability limit state..................................................NZBC/B1.3.1, B1.3.2, B1.3.5
ultimate limit state...........................................................NZBC/B1.3.1, B1.3.2, B1.3.5

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Structure (continued)
loads...................................................................................................... NZBC/B1.2, B1.3.3
creep.........................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
cyclic loads...............................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
differential movement..............................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
dynamic loads...........................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
earth pressure..........................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
earthquake................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
seismic resistance of building services.............................................. B1/VM1 14.0
explosion..................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
liquid.........................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
shrinkage..................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
snow.........................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
wind..........................................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.3
sitework.............................................................................................. NZBC/B1.3.6, B1.3.7
stability..........................................................................NZBC/B1.3.6, B2.3.1; D1/AS1 1.6
tanks...............................................................................................G12/AS1 5.2.7, Figure 4
seismic restraint................................................................................... G14/VM1 2.3.2
temporary support..........................................................................................NZBC/B1.3.5
vibrations............................................................................................................NZBC/B1.2

Stucco..................................................................................................B1/AS1 5.0, E2/AS1 9.3

bottom of stucco........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.3.8, Figure 75
decorative attachments................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.3.10
finishes............................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.3.7
installation.......................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.4
general................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.3.4.1
movement control joints.......................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.4.2
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.3.1
non-rigid plaster backings...............................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.5
installation of building wrap.................................................. E2/AS1 9.3.5.1, Table 23
support..................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.5.2
rigid plaster backings......................................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.6
fibre cement sheet backing...................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.6.2
plywood backing...................................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.6.1
parapets and enclosed balustrades................................................................E2/AS1 9.3.9
stucco-topped enclosed balustrades................................. E2/AS1 9.3.9.1, Figure 117
structure................................................................................................................ AS1 9.3.2
stucco cladding system.................................................E2/AS1 9.3.3, Table 23, Figure 74
windows and doors...................................................................... E2/AS1 9.3.11, Figure 76

Subsidence....................................................................................................B1/VM4 A1.2.1 (a)

Suites
see Firecells

Surface finishes..........................................................C/AS1 6.1.2 e), 6.20, Tables 6.2 and 6.3

ceilings.................................................. C/AS1 6.20.3, 6.20.5, 6.20.6, 6.20.11, 6.20.15 a)
exceptions.......................................................................................................C/AS1 6.20.4
exterior surfaces.........................................................................C/AS1 7.1.2 c), 7.8.6, 7.11
flooring and floor coverings...................................C/AS1 6.20.8 to 6.20.10, 6.20.14, C2.1
wharenui........................................................................C/AS1 3.3.2 h), 3.4.2 e), Table 2.2

Surface Water.......................................................................................................................... E1
see also Run-off, drains
2% probability storm
{50 year return period}............................................................................. NZBC/E1.3.1
10% probability storm
{10 year return period}..............................................................................NZBC/E1.3.2
drainage systems.....................................................................................NZBC/E1.3.3

Suspended flexible fabrics........................... C/AS1 6.20.1, 6.20.16 to 6.20.19, C3.1, Table 6.2

Swimming pools
see Safety from Falling

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T
Tanks
industrial liquid waste............................... G14/VM1 1.4.1 c), 1.4.3, 3.0, Figure 3, Table 3
water tanks............................................................................................ G12/AS1 5.2, 6.2.1
access..................................................................................... G12/AS1 5.2.5, Figure 4
covers.................................................................................................... G12/AS1 5.2.4
location...................................................................................................G12/AS1 5.2.1
overflow pipes........................................................................ G12/AS1 5.2.2, Figure 4
safe trays................................................................................ G12/AS1 5.2.3, Figure 4
seismic restraint......................................... G12/AS1 5.2.7, Figure 4; G14/VM1 2.3.2
structural support....................................................................G12/AS1 5.2.7, Figure 4
water storage tanks...................................................................................G12/AS1 5.1

Taverns
see Communal non-residential

Temperature

see Electricity, Energy Efficiency, Interior Environment, Outbreak of Fire,

Piped Services, Solid Waste, Structure, load, Water Supplies

Temperature control
see Interior Environment, interior temperature

Temperature/pressure relief valves........................................G12/AS1 6.4.1, Figure 8, Table 6

installation.................................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.6.5
relief valve drains.............................................................. G12/AS1 6.7, Figures 12 and 13

Test methods................................................................................................ C/AS1 Appendix C

fire properties of external wall cladding systems..............................................C/AS1 C9.1
fire resistance..................................................................................................... C/AS1 C7.1
fire resisting closures.........................................................................................C/AS1 C8.1
flame barriers...................................................................................................C/AS1 C10.1
flammability of floor coverings..........................................................................C/AS1 C2.1
flammability of membrane structures...............................................................C/AS1 C4.1
flammability of suspended flexible fabrics........................................................C/AS1 C3.1
non-combustibility of materials.........................................................................C/AS1 C6.1
properties of lining materials.............................................................................C/AS1 C5.1

Theatres................................................................................................................ NZBC/G5.3.5
see also Communal non-residential

Thermal break.................................................................................................... E3/AS1 1.1.4 d)

Thermal resistance (R-value)........................ E3/AS1 1.1; H1/VM1 1.4, H1/AS1 2.1.1, 2.2, 2.3
alternative solution...........................................................................................E3/AS1 1.1.5
materials and installation................................................................................ E3/AS1 1.1.3

Thermostats...............................................................................................G12/AS1 6.3.1, 6.5.1

Thresholds.............................................................................................................D1/AS1 1.3.2

Timber.......................................................................................................................B2/AS1 3.2
see also Design, timber, Timber weatherboards

Timber barriers..............................................................................B1/AS1 1.2, 9.0, B1/AS2 1.0

see also Barriers and Safety from Falling
alternative details............................................................................................... B1/AS2 2.7
balusters.........................B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3, 2.4.1, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, Figures 2 to 4,
Tables 1 to 3 and 5
connections...............................................B1/AS2 1.0.5 b) c), 2.2.2, 2.3.3 to 2.3.9, 2.5.2,
2.5.3, 2.7.2, Figures 2 to 4, Tables 3 and 4
construction....................................................................................................... B1/AS2 2.0
dimensions of timber...................................................................................... B1/AS2 1.0.4
exposed to the weather.................................................................................. B1/AS2 1.0.5

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Index

Timber barriers (continued)

joists...................................................................................................... B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.3.8
blocking..................................................................... B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.3.4, 2.3.6, 2.3.8
boundary joists........................................... B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, Figure 4
end joists..............................................................B1/AS2 2.3.2, 2.3.4, 2.3.6, Figure 4
intermediate joists............................................ B1/AS2 2.3.2, 2.3.3, Figure 3, Table 3
materials..........................................................................................................B1/AS2 1.0.3
moisture content............................................................................................. B1/AS2 2.6.1
palings.......................................................................................................B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.5
rails........................................................................................................................................
bottom rails...................................................... B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.4, 2.5.1, 2.7.2, Table 5
top rails............................................B1/AS2 2.1.1, 2.2, 2.3.1, 2.5.1, 2.5.3, 2.7.1, 2.7.2,
Figure 1, Tables 1 and 2

Timber connections.......................................................................................B1/AS2 1.0.5 b) c)

Timber weatherboards............................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.4

finishes............................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.4.9
fixings........................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.3.1, Table 24
horizontal weatherboards..................................................................E2/AS1 9.4.1.3, 9.4.4
external corners......................................................E2/AS1 9.4.4.4, Figures 77 and 78
fixings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.4.3, Table 24
horizontal laps........................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.4.4.1
internal corners.................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.4.5, Figure 79
joints......................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.4.4.2
installation....................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.3, Table 23
limitations........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.4.1
horizontal weatherboards........................................................ E2/AS1 9.4.1.3, Table 3
vertical weatherboards............................................................ E2/AS1 9.4.1.2, Table 3
weatherboard profiles........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.1.1
materials.......................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.2, Table 23
parapets and enclosed balustrades................................................................E2/AS1 9.4.8
vertical weatherboards...................................................................................E2/AS1 9.4.5
corners (external and internal)...............................E2/AS1 9.4.5.3, Table 7, Figure 80
fixings.................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.5.2, Table 24
laps........................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.4.5.1
windows in cavity walls................................................... E2/AS1 9.4.7, Figures 85 and 86
windows in direct fixed weatherboards................................ E2/AS1 9.4.6, Figures 81-84

Time-share accommodation
see Communal residential

Toilets
see Personal Hygiene, WC Pans

Toxic substances
see Hazardous Substances and Processes, Class 6

Transport terminals
see Commercial buildings

Travel distance................................................................. NZBC/C2.3.1 (d), C2.3.2, C3.3.1 (a)

Tunnels
see Ancillary buildings

Turnstiles
see Doors

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

U
Ultimate limit states
see Structure, limit states

Universities
see Communal non-residential

Unprotected areas................................... C/AS1 3.14.3, 3.14.6, 5.1.1 b), 7.1.2 d), 7.3, 7.4.1 a),
7.4.2, 7.5.2 to 7.5.6, 7.5.8, 7.6.4, 7.7.1, 7.7.3, 7.7.5,
Step 2 and Step 3, 7.8.9, 7.8.10 c), 7.9.10, 7.9.11,
7.9.13, Figures 7.3 to 7.5, Tables 7.2 to 7.4
fire resisting glazing (Type B).........................................................C/AS1 5.8.2 a), 7.4.1 a),
7.4.2 to 7.4.4, Figure 7.4, Table 7.1
small openings (Type A).......................................... C/AS1 7.4.1 a), 7.4.2, 7.4.4, Figure 7.4

uPVC pipe...............................................................................................................G13/AS3 1.0

Urinals..................................E3/AS1 3.3, 3.3.6; G1/AS1 2.3, 6.1.1, Table 1; G13/AS1 Table 2

bowl urinals................................................................................ G1/AS1 2.3.1, 2.3.3, 2.3.5
continuous wall urinals.................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.1, Figure 3
discharge system........................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.2
flushing systems................................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.5 to 2.3.8, Table 5
manually operated.................................................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.8
stall urinals........................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.1, 2.3.5
surface finishes.............................................................................................. G1/AS1 2.3.4
trough urinals.................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.3.1 to 2.3.3

Utensil washing...................................................................................................... G3/AS1 1.1.1

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V
Vacuum relief valves........................................................................................ G12/AS1 Table 6

Vehicles.............................................NZBC/D1.1, D1.2.2, D1.3.1 (d) (e), D1.3.5, G14.3.2 (b);

D1/AS1 10.0, G14/VM1 1.8, 2.1.5; G15/AS1 3.0.10
car parking areas.............................................................................................. D1/AS1 10.1
accessible car parking spaces...................................................... D1/AS1 10.1, 10.2.1
commercial vehicles.................................................................................... D1/AS1 11.0.2
loading spaces............................................................................................... D1/AS1 11.0.2

Vent pipes................... G12/AS1 6.3.2, 6.8; G13/AS1 5.2, Figures 5 to 8, 10 and 12, Table 5;
G13/AS2 Figures 5 and 6
diameter......................................................................... G12/AS1 6.8.2, G13/AS1 Table 6
fixture vent pipes......................... G13/AS1 5.2, Figures 5 to 8, 10 and 11, Tables 5 and 6
gradient............................................................................................................G13/AS1 5.4
height........................................................................................................ G12/AS1 6.8.2 d)
installation......................... G12/AS1 6.9.1; G13/AS1 5.5 to 5.7, Figures 5 to 8, 10 and 11
insulation...................................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.8.3
relief vent pipes................................................................................ G13/AS1 5.6, Figure 7
termination....................................................G12/AS1 6.8.2 c); G13/AS1 5.7.3, Figure 12

Ventilation.......................................... G4; NZBC/H1.3.1 (b); C/AS1 6.9.6; E3/AS1 1.0.1, 1.2;

airflow control..................................................................... NZBC/H1.3.1 (b); H1/AS1 3.0
air handling systems.................................................................................. G4/AS1 1.3.1 b)
air purity....................................................................................NZBC/G4.3.1; G4/VM1 2.0
bacteria, pathogens and allergens................................................................. NZBC/G4.3.2
balconies, bridges and open stairways.......................................................... C/AS1 3.14.7
car park........................................................................................................... G4/AS1 1.3.2
contaminated air
discharge.............................................................................................. G4/AS1 1.3.1 f)
disposal.................................................................................................... NZBC/G4.3.4
removal.................................................................................................... NZBC/G4.3.3
cross-ventilation for car parking.......................................................... C/AS1 6.10.4, 6.10.6
drains......................................................................... G13/AS2 4.0, Figures 4 to 6, Table 3
extract ventilation........................................................................................G4/AS1 1.3.1 c)
fixed combustion appliances......................................................................... NZBC/G4.3.5
flues............................................................................................................ G4/AS1 2.3, 2.4
gas burning appliances.....................................................................................C/AS1 9.2.2
gas-fuel appliances.................................................................................... G4/AS1 2.0, 3.0
maximum occupancy........................................................................................ NZBC/G4.2
mechanical ventilation systems............................NZBC/C3.3.7, G4.3.2; G4/AS1 1.3, 2.2
natural..........................................................................................................G4/AS1 1.2, 2.1
natural smoke ventilation
see Fire safety precautions
number of air changes................................................................................... NZBC/G4.3.1
oil fired appliances............................................................................................C/AS1 9.3.2
outdoor air supply..........................................................NZBC/G4.3.1; G4/AS1 1.3.1 a) d)
positive and negative pressure...................................................................... G4/AS1 1.3.3
prevention of internal moisture....................................................................... NZBC/E3.3.1
rate.................................................................................................................G4/VM1 1.0.1
recirculated air systems............................................................................. G4/AS1 1.3.1 e)
safe paths.......................................................................................... C/AS1 6.9.6 to 6.9.10
solid fuel appliances.......................................................................................... C/AS1 9.1.2

Vermin-proofing.................................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.8.3

Vibrations
see Structure

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

W
Walls.......................NZBC/B2.3.1 (a), C3.3.1, C3.3.5, E2.3.2, E2.3.3, E3.3.4, E3.3.5, G6.3.1;
C/AS1 5.3.1, 5.7.2, 6.10.6, 6.12.1, 6.12.6, 6.16.2, 6.18.5 c), 6.20.3,
6.20.4 d) f), 6.20.5, 6.20.6, 6.20.11, 6.20.15 a), 7.8.9,
7.9.5, 7.9.18, Table 6.2;
cavities and concealed spaces...................................C/AS1 6.18.4, Figures 6.11 and 6.12
curtain walls.................................................................... C/AS1 6.18.4, 7.9.14, Figure 6.11
external walls................................................................................................. NZBC/E2.3.2
see also Unprotected areas
floor/wall junctions.......................................................................... G6/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 5
internal/external wall junctions....................................................... G6/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 4
surface finishes...............................................................................................NZBC/C3.3.1
theatre proscenium walls......... C/AS1 6.3.1, 6.3.2 f), 6.19.9, 6.19.10, 6.19.11, Figure 6.13
wall assemblies............................................................................... G6/AS1 1.0.3, Figure 2

Wall/Roof junctions
see Roof/wall junctions

Wall claddings........................................................................................................... E2/AS1 3.3

air seals.......................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.6, Figure 81
barriers to airflow.............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.4, Table 23
bottom of cladding......................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.3, Table 18, Figure 65
balconies, decks and roofs.................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.3.6
bottom of other wall claddings............................................. E2/AS1 9.1.3.3, Table 18
concrete slabs.................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.3.1, Figure 132
ground level timber framing.................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.3.5, Table 18
masonry veneer clearances.................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.3.2, Table 18
openings to garages............................................. E2/AS1 9.1.3.4, Table 18, Figure 65
building wrap...................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.7, Table 23, Figure 71
building wrap to wall openings...................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.5, Figure 72
drained cavities............................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.8
cavity battens........................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.1.8.4
limitations.............................................................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.8.1
requirements.......................................... E2/AS1 9.1.8.2, Table 23, Figures 66 and 67
vermin-proofing....................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.8.3, Figure 66
wall framing behind cavities.................................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.8.5
general................................................................................................................ E2/AS1 9.1
limitations........................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.1, Table 3
maintenance.................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.2
penetrations.................................................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.9
inter-storey junctions............................................................E2/AS1 9.1.9.4, Figure 70
other cavity penetrations...................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.9.2
penetrations through cavities................................................................ E2/AS1 9.1.9.1
pipes and service penetrations..............................E2/AS1 9.1.9.3, Figures 68 and 69
windows and doors........................................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10
closed cell foam tape...........................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.7
head flashings....................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.10.4, Table 7, Figure 71
jamb flashings........................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.6, Table 7
scope....................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.1
treatment of opening.......................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.10.2, Figure 72
window heads.................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.10.3, Figure 71
window sills............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.5, Table 7

Warehouses
see Industrial buildings

Warning Systems.................................................................................................................. F7
see also Alarm systems
combined fire detection and warning system................................................... NZBC/F7.3

Wash-down areas.................................................................................................... G3/AS1 2.3

Washing machines
see Sanitary appliances

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Index

Waste chutes
see Solid Waste

Waste disposal units..............................................NZBC/G15.3.3; G13/AS1 Figure 2, Table 2

Waste pipes
see Discharge pipes, Pipes

Water
see External Moisture, Foul Water, Internal Moisture, Surface Water,
Water Supplies

Water heaters........................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.1, Table 5

installation...................................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.11
instantaneous water heaters....................................................................... G12/AS1 6.1.1,
solar water heaters.................................................................G12/AS1 6.1.1, 6.15, Table 5
storage water heaters
see Storage water heaters
wet back water heaters................................................................G12/AS1 6.13, Figure 15

Water main................................................................................... G12/AS1 3.1.1, 3.2.1 b), 5.1.1

Water seals.......................G1/AS1 2.1.1 c), Figure 2; G13/AS1 1.0.3, 3.2.1, Figure 1, Table 1,
G13/AS2 3.3.1 d)

Water splash............................................................................................................. E3/AS1 3.0

basins...............................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
baths.................................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
lining materials.................................................................................... E3/AS1 3.1, Figure 1
joints in linings.....................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2, Figure 2
showers.................................................................. E3/AS1 3.3.1 to 3.3.5, Figures 4 and 5
sinks.................................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
tubs...................................................................................................E3/AS1 3.2.2, Figure 3
urinals..............................................................................................................E3/AS1 3.3.6

Water Supplies................................................................................................................... G12

access for maintenance......................................................................... NZBC/G12.3.6 (d)
backflow prevention devices................................................................. NZBC/G12.3.6 (e)
cold.................................................................................................................. G3/AS1 1.1.4
drinking water.................................................................................................. NZBC/G12.2
energy efficiency............................................................. NZBC/H1.2, H1.3.4; H1/AS1 5.0
hot............................................................................ G3/AS1 1.1.4, Figure 1; G12/AS1 6.0
mixing devices
tempering valves............................................................G12/AS1 6.14.2, Figure 16
pipe sizes................................................................................... G12/AS1 6.12, Table 4
safe water temperatures.........................................................................G12/AS1 6.14
isolation of system................................................................................. NZBC/G12.3.6 (e)
leakage....................................................................................................NZBC/G12.3.6 (c)
laundries.................................................................................................G2/AS1 1.1.1, 1.1.2
mains..................................................................................... G12/AS1 3.1.1, 3.2.1 b), 5.1.1
non-potable water.................................................................NZBC/G12.3.2; G12/AS1 4.1
outlet identification..................................................................G12/AS1 4.2.1, Figure 3
people with disabilities................................................................................ NZBC/G12.3.9
potable water.....................................................NZBC/G12.3.1, G12.3.6 (a), G14.3.2 (c);
G12/AS1 3.0; G14/VM1 1.6.2
pressure vessels...................................................................NZBC/G12.1 (b), G12.3.7 (a)
sanitary appliances.......................................NZBC/G12.2, G12.3.3, G12.3.5, G12.3.6 (b)
sanitary fixtures..............................NZBC/G12.2, G12.3.3, G12.3.4 G12.3.5, G12.3.6 (b)
solid waste areas............................................................................... G15/AS1 3.0.7, 4.0.3
water storage vessels................................................................... NZBC/G12.3.7, G12.3.8
see also Storage water heaters
water temperature......... NZBC/G12.1 (b) (c), G12.3.3 to G12.3.5, G12.3.7 (b), G12.3.8

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NEW ZEALAND BUILDING CODE HANDBOOK

Water supply systems................................................................... G12/VM1 1.0, G12/AS1 5.0

installation....................................................................................................... G12/AS1 5.2
anchor points.......................................................................................... G12/AS1 7.1.2
electrochemical compatibility................................................................ G12/AS1 7.1.1
in concrete or masonry..........................................................................G12/AS1 7.3.3
pipe supports............................................................................................ G12/AS1 7.1
spacing................................................................................ G12/AS1 7.1.3, Table 7
pipes below ground . .............................................................................G12/AS1 7.3.2
protection from damage............................................................................G12/AS1 7.3
protection from freezing............................................................................G12/AS1 7.2
protection from frosts........................................................................... G12/AS1 3.6.3
maintenance facilities..................................................................................... G12/AS1 5.2
materials............................................................................................. G12/AS1 2.0, Table 1
pressure limitations........................................................................... G12/AS1 2.2.2 a)
temperature limitations..................................................................... G12/AS1 2.2.2 a)
pipe size..............................................................................................G12/AS1 5.3, Table 4
flow rates.................................................................................. G12/AS1 5.3.1, Table 3
watertightness.................................................................................................G12/AS1 7.5

Water tanks
see Tanks

Water traps............................................................................................. G13/AS1 3.0, Figure 1

dimensions.....................................................................................G13/AS1 3.2.1, Figure 1
location............................................................................................................ G13/AS1 3.3
multiple outlets............................................................................. G13/AS1 3.3.2, Figure 2

WC pans......................................................... G1/AS1 2.1, 3.1.1, 4.2.2, Figures 4 to 6, Table 1;

G13/AS1 3.2.1, Figures 1 and 6, Tables 2 and 5,
cisterns G1/AS1 2.2.2
cubicles.............................................................................................G1/AS1 6.2, Figure 11
flushing systems........................................................................ G1/AS1 2.1.1 f), 2.2, 4.2.6
surface finish............................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.1.1 a)
water seals................................................................................... G1/AS1 2.1.1 c), Figure 2

Weather stops........................................................................................................D1/AS1 1.3.2

Weatherboards
see Timber weatherboards and fibre cement weatherboards

Weathertightness......................................................................E2/VM1 1.0, E2/AS1 2.1, 8.1.1

Weathertightness risk factors.................................................................................. E2/AS1 3.0

establishing the risk............................................................................ E2/AS1 3.1, Figure 1
building envelope risk matrix..............................................................................Table 2
examples..........................E2/AS1 3.4, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, Tables 4-6, Figures 2-4
definitions of risk......................................................................... E2/AS1 3.1.1, Table 1
risk score.....................................................................................E2/AS1 3.1.2, Table 2
roof claddings..................................................................................................... E2/AS1 3.2
wall claddings....................................................................................... E2/AS1 3.3, Table 3

Whare Runanga
see Communal non-residential, assembly service

Wharenui............................................................................................................... H1/VM1 1.1.1

Wheelchairs........................................................................................................... D1/AS1 7.0.1

see also People with disabilities, Accessible routes
spaces for wheelchairs.......................................................... D1/AS1 8.1, 8.1.2, Figure 30
wheelchair access.........................................................................NZBC/D1.3.4 (b) (d) (e)

Wind
see Structure, loads

Wind barriers............................................................................................................. E2/AS1 2.5

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Index

Windows and doors........B1/VM1 12.0; C/AS1 3.1.4, 6.20.4 c); E2/AS1 9.1.10, 9.2.6, 9.3.11,
9.5.4, 9.6.9.7, 9.7.7, 9.8.8, 9.9.9, Figure 76; E3/AS1 1.3.1;
F4/AS1 1.2.3, 4.0; G7/AS1 1.0.1 to 1.0.3, 2.0.1,
Figures 1 and 2; G15/AS1 3.0.4, 3.0.6
see also Natural Light
closed cell foam tape..................................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.7
fire windows
see Glazing
glazing................................................................................................................ B1/AS1 7.0
head flashings.............................................................. E2/AS1 9.1.10.4, Table 7, Figure 71
jamb flashings...............................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.6, Table 7
scope...........................................................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.1
treatment of opening................................................................ E2/AS1 9.1.10.2, Figure 72
used for escape.............................................. C/AS1 3.3.6 d), 3.18, 6.20.6 b), Figure 3.32
vertical profiled metal................................................ E2/AS1 9.6.8.6, Figures 95 and 100
window heads........................................................................... E2/AS1 9.1.10.3, Figure 71
windows – cavity..........................................E2/AS1 9.4.7, 9.5.4.2, 9.7.7.2, 9.8.8.2, 9.9.9,
. .......................................................................................... Figures 85, 86, 91, 116 and 128
windows – direct fixed................................. E2/AS1 9.4.6, 9.5.4.1, 9.7.7.1, 9.8.8.1, 9.9.9,
Figures 81-84, 90, 115 and 127
window sills...................................................................................E2/AS1 9.1.10.5, Table 7

Work camps..................................................................NZBC/G2.2, G3.2.1, G3.3.1 (a) to (d);

G2/AS1 Table 1; G3/AS1 1.0.1
see also Communal residential, community service

220 25 M ay 20 07 Department of Building a nd Housing