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Unit 1 Graphing Techniques Student Notes Part 1

Here are two appropriate curves to sketch to find the number of solutions for each equation: a) y = x^2 - 2x + 1 and a horizontal line y = k b) y = x - cos(x) and the x-axis c) y = 3 + e^x - x^2 and y = 2x d) y = log(x) + sin(x) and the x-axis e) y = 5 - 2x - x^2 and the x-axis

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40 views26 pages

Unit 1 Graphing Techniques Student Notes Part 1

Here are two appropriate curves to sketch to find the number of solutions for each equation: a) y = x^2 - 2x + 1 and a horizontal line y = k b) y = x - cos(x) and the x-axis c) y = 3 + e^x - x^2 and y = 2x d) y = log(x) + sin(x) and the x-axis e) y = 5 - 2x - x^2 and the x-axis

Uploaded by

12 25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name:____________

Unit 1 Advanced

Graphing Techniques

Student Notes
Year 12 2023
Part 1 – Curve Sketching and
Using Graphs to Solve Equations
Reference Sheet:
None
Where can a function change sign?
At what x values does the function graphed below change sign?

Is there any other situation not shown above that a function can change signs?

A function can only change sign at a ______________ or a ________________________.

This can help us sketch curves. We can find the zeros and discontinuities (usually vertical asymptotes) and
then examine the sign of the function on either side of these critical values.
(This example has us sketching a factorised polynomial and enables us to solve an inequality).

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

sign
(This example examines how we take an abstract inequality and turn it into a graph for analysis).

x -2 -1 0 1 2

sign
x 0 1 2 4 5 Hint: Note that this delightfully has the same sign
pattern as y =( x − 1)( x − 4) .
y Why is that the case?
Why would that matter?
sign The graph of y =( x − 1)( x − 4) will therefore be a
x −1
useful ‘guide graph’ to help sketch y = .
x−4

Hint: Again, this has the same sign pattern as


y 1(1 + x 2 ) .
=
As we start sketching more difficult curves we will develop a checklist of steps:
1. Find the domain
2. Check for symmetry (is it odd or even?)
3. Find intercepts
4. Find vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

x 0 3 4
as x → 3− , y → y 2 ( 3 − x ) will be a
Sketching=
y useful ‘guide graph’ for the signs in
as x → 3+ , y →
this case too.
sign
x -3 -2 0 2 3 as x → (−2) − , y → Sketching
as x → (−2) + , y → y 1( 4 − x 2 )
=
y
as x → 2− , y → will be the useful
sign ‘guide graph’ here.
as x → 2+ , y →
Examples

x2 − 4
Sketch the function y = . (a discontinuity that is not an asymptote!!)
x−2
3x + 2
Sketch y =
x−2
Domain Vertical Asymptotes

y-intercept x-intercept

Symmetry Sign

Horizontal asymptote
x
Sketch y = 2
x −4
Domain Vertical Asymptotes

y-intercept x-intercept

Symmetry Sign

Horizontal asymptote
x2
Sketch y =
x2 − 4
Domain Vertical Asymptotes

y-intercept x-intercept

Symmetry Sign

Horizontal asymptote
x
Sketch y = 2
x +3
x2
Sketch y =
x2 + 3
1
Sketch y =
x2 − 4
1
Sketch y =
4 − x2
Solve each of the following.
Using graphs to solve problems can be a very useful tool. Consider an equation like 2 x= x + 2 . This is a
difficult equation to solve algebraically. However, if we consider the graphs of y = 2 x and y= x + 2 , then
the points of intersection are the solutions to this equation. We can see from the graphs that there will be two
solutions.
Solve each of the following graphically

3x + 1 ≤ 2

5 < 2x +1
Example
State two appropriate curves to sketch to find the number of solutions of the following equations:

a) x 2 − 2 x + 1 =k where k is a constant

b) x − cos x =
0

c) 3 + e x − x 2 =
2x

d) log x + sin x =
0

e) 5 − 2x − x − 2 =0

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