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7809 - Power Assisted Steering System

The document discusses power assisted steering systems and wheel alignment. It describes how power steering reduces strain on the driver when turning corners. It then outlines different types of steering linkages and factors that affect wheel alignment, including wheel balance, inflation, steering components, and suspension system. Finally, it discusses steering geometry specifications like caster angle, camber angle, and toe that ensure directional stability and reduce tire wear.

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wilsonngoma42
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72 views3 pages

7809 - Power Assisted Steering System

The document discusses power assisted steering systems and wheel alignment. It describes how power steering reduces strain on the driver when turning corners. It then outlines different types of steering linkages and factors that affect wheel alignment, including wheel balance, inflation, steering components, and suspension system. Finally, it discusses steering geometry specifications like caster angle, camber angle, and toe that ensure directional stability and reduce tire wear.

Uploaded by

wilsonngoma42
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER ASSISTED STEERING SYSTEM

Power Steering: Power steering reduces much strain on the part of the driver while negotiating sharp curves. It makes
easy to turn sharp corners. It is usually arranged to be operative when the effort of steering wheel exceeds a
predetermined value. It is fitted on heavy commercial vehicles and medium cars.

Steering Linkages: Steering Linkage is a connection of various links between the steering gear box and the front wheels.
The motion of the pitman arm and steering gear box is transferred so the steering knuckles of the front wheels through
the steering linkages. The swinging movement of the pitman arm from one side to the other side gives angular movement
to the front wheel through the steering linkages.

Types of steering Linkages:

1. Conventional steering Linkage.


2. Direct cross type steering linkage
3. Three piece steering linkage
4. center arm steering linkage 5. Relay type steering linkage.

Slip Angle: The angle between direction of the motion of the vehicle and the center plane of the tyre is known as Slip
Angle. It ranges from 8º to 10º.

Under steer: When the front slip angle is greater than that of rear, the vehicle tends to steer in the direction of side force.
Then it is known as under steer. This provides greater driving stability, especially when there is a side wind.

Over Steer: When the rear slip angle is greater than that of front slip angle, the vehicle tends to mover away from the
direction of center path. This is known as over stear. This is advantageous when the vehicle moving on the road having
many bends curves.

Steering Gear Ratio or Reduction Ratio: It has been defined as the “ number of turns on the steering wheel required to
produce on turn of steering gear cross shaft to which the pitman arm is attached. Generally it varies between 14'.1 and
24'.1.

Turning Radius: It is the radius of the circle on which the outside front wheels moves when the front wheels are turned to
their extreme outer position. This radius is 5 to 7.5 m for buses and trucks.

Wheel Alignment: It returns to the positioning of the front wheels and steering mechanism that gives the vehicle
directional stability, reduce the tyre wear to a minimum.

Factors effects the wheel alignment:


1. Factors pertaining to wheel:- a. Balance of wheels(Static and Dynamic)
b. Inflation of tyre.
c. Brake adjustments.
2. Steering Linkages.
3. Suspension System
4. Steering Geometry –a. caster b. camber c. king pin inclination d. toe-in and toe-out etc.,

Steering Geometry: It refers to the angular relationship between the front wheels and parts attached to it and car frame.

The steering Geometry includes

1. Caster angle
2. Camber angle
3. King-pin inclination
4. toe-in
5. toe-out etc.,

Caster Angle: This is the angle between backward or forward tilting of the king pin from the vertical axis at the top. This is
about 2º to 4º. The backward tilt is called as positive caster. The forward tilt is called negative caster.

Camber: The angle between wheel axis to the vertical line at the top is called camber angle. It is approximately ½º to 2º.

King-pin inclination: It is the angle between vertical line to the king pin axis. The inclination tends to keep wheels straight
ahead and make the wheels to get return to the straight position after completion of a turn. The inclination is normally
kept 7º to 8º.

Toe-in: It is the amount in minimum at the front part of the wheel points inwards approximately 3 to 5 mm. It prevents
side slipping excessive tyre wear, proper rolling of front wheels and steering stability.
Toe-out: It is the difference in angles between two front wheels and vehicle frame during turning. It is used to prevent
dragging of tyre during turn. Reversible steering: When the deflection of road wheels is transmitted through the steering
wheel to road surface, the system is called Reversible. If every imperfection of road surface causes the steering
to rotate, it causes much strain on the part of the driver to control the vehicle. It causes much strain on the part of the
driver to control the vehicle. There fore such of the reversibility is not desired. But, some degree of reversibility desired, so
that the wheel becomes straight after taking a curve.

Irreversible steering: If the front road wheels does not transfer any deflection to the steering which is called irreversible
steering. After negotiating a curve and the steering wheel not returned easily, there causes the production of un due
stresses on the steering mechanism, therefore some degree of irreversible also desired.

Steering Mechanism: There are two types of steering gear mechanisms 1. Davis Steering gear
2. Ackermann Steering gear]

1. Davis Steering Gear: The Davis Steering gear has sliding pair, it has more friction than the turning pair, there fore the
Davis Steering Gear wear out earlier and become inaccurate after certain time. This type is mathematically Accurate.

The Davis gear mechanism consists of cross link KL sliding parallel to another link AB and is connected to the stub
axle of the two front wheel by levers ACK and DBK pivoted at A and B respectively. The cross link KL slides in the bearing
and cross pins at its ends K and L. The slide blocks are pivoted on these pins and move with the turning of bell crank levers
as the steering wheel is operated. When the vehicle is running straight the gear is said to be in its mid-position. The short
arms AK and BL are inclined an angle 90 t α to their stub axles AC and BD respectively. The correct steering depends upon
the suitable selection of cross arm angle α, and is given by

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