CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

CONDITIONALS
TYPE 0: Điều kiện dựa trên sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý.

If clause Main clause

Present simple tense Present simple tense

EX: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)

If clause Main clause

Modals (will/shall/can/must/have to/has to/ought to/should/may) + V. . .

EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.

TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)

If clause Main clause

Past subjunctive tense would / could + V . . .

EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
If I were you / If I were in your position is used to give an advice
EX: If I were you, I wouln’t buy that expensive bicycle.

TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)

If clause Main clause

Past perfect subjunctive

EX: If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her. (e.g You didn’t know she was ill
yesterday.)
If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost. (e.g You didn’t bring a map with you)
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NOTES :
UNLESS = IF …… NOT, OR, OTHERWISE : (nếu không)
Ex: 1 . If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the examination.
Unless you study hard, you will fail in the examination.
2 . If you try your best, you will get success.
Unless you try your best, you will not get success.
3 . Go out, or I’ll call the police.
If you do not go out / Unless you go out, I will call the police.
4 . Stop smoking, otherwise you will die of cancer.
If you do not stop smoking / Unless you stop smoking, you will die of cancer.
INVERSION :
Ex: 1 . If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
2 . If he had taken her advice, he wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
Had he taken her advice, he wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
Notes : Were + S . . . = If + S + were . . .
Had + S + (not) + V3 . . . = If + S + had (not) + V3 . . .
TYPE 2 & TYPE 3 IN COMBINATION:
Ex: He didn’t have breakfast this morning, so he feels very hungry now.
If he had had breakfast this morning, he wouldn’t feel hungry now.
IF + … SHOULD: (in type 1 to indicate that the action, though possible, but not very likely _ hành động có
thể xảy ra nhưng không chắc chắn.
Ex : If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number.
Should you have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number. ( Inversion )

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Make the correct choice

1. “Would you mind if we ___ you by your first name?” -“Not at all. Please call me Tom.”
A. called B. call C. calling D. want to call
2. She can’t get home ___ she has no money.
A. unless B. if C. until D. without
3. If I had known your new address, we ___ to see you.
A. came B. will come C. would come D. would have come
4. If we took the 10:30 train, ___ too early.
A. we would arrive B. we should arrive C. we will arrive D. we may arrive
5. It’s very crowded here. I wish there ___ so many people.
A. aren’t B. weren’t C. haven’t been D. isn’t
6. I wouldn’t go there at night if I ___ you.
A. am B. was C. were D. had been
7. If I ___ get a pole, I’ll go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
8. If you ___ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
9. Trees won’t grow ___ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
10. ___ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. If B. Had C. Should D. Would
11. If you ___ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. wants
12. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ___ saved.
A. might be B. have been C. was D. might have been
13. If there ___ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been B. were C. would be D. are
14. The patient could not recover unless he ___ an operation. [undergo: pass through]
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. underwent D. was undergoing
15. If she ___ him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet B. will meet C. is meeting D. should meet
16. If he ___ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
17. If I had enough money, I ___ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go
18. If it ___ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
19. If you ___ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
20. If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.
A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining
21. If you hadn’t watched that late mivie last night, you ___ sleepy now.
A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be C. might have not been D. wouldn’t have been being
22. If you ___ as I told you, you ___ sorry now.
A. did- would not be B. had done- had not been
C. do – would not be D. had done – would not be
23. If only I ___ him now.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. seen
24. If I ___, I’ll let you know.
A. am staying B. will stay C. do stay D. would stay
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25. If only I ___ you wanted to invest money in business.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
26. Linda wished she ___her car.
A. hasn’t sold B. hadn’t sold C. doesn’t sell D. won’t sell
27. He looked frightened as if he___a ghost.
A. had seen B. saw C. would see D. was seeing
28. I wish it ___ a holiday today.
A. were B. will be C. is D. had been
29. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“_______, we would have
picked you up.”
A. Had we known B. If we have known C. We had known D. If we did know
30. If I _______ as young as you are, I ________ in a boat round the world.
A. were- would sail B. would be – would sail C. were- will sail D. would- would sail
31. If he_______tickets yesterday, he ________ on the beach now.
A. had booked - would be lying B. had booked - would have lied
C. booked - would lie D. books - will lie
32. If you _________ less last night, you __________ so bad today.
A. had drunk- would not have felt B. drank- would not feel
C. had drunk- would not feel D. would have drunk- would not feel
33. It seemed as if he ___ of it before.
A. would never hear B. has never heard C. never heard D. had never heard

34. _____he____________hard last year, he wouldn’t have lost the first prize.
A. Hadn’t – studied B. Had- studied C. Didn’t study D. If – had studied
35. We’re going to be late if ___ right now.
A. we not leave B. we didn’t leave C. we won’t leave D. we don’t leave
36. “I wish this city___ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we ___ in the countryside.”
A. isn’t – live B. wasn’t – live C. weren’t- live D. weren’t – lived
37. He acted as though he___ for days.
A. not eat B. hasn’t eaten C. hadn’t eaten D. didn’t eat
38. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
A. hadn’t brought B. didn’t bring C. wouldn’t have brought D. won’t bring
39. If you ___ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. will listen C. had listened D. listened
40. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am
41. I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
42. ___ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the
years.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
43. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___ the same language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
44. Unless you ___ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
45. If Jake _______ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
46. You are late. If you _______a few minutes earlier, you _______ him.
A. came / would meet B. had come / would have met
C. come / will meet D. had come / would meet
47. I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I _______ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
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48. What would you do if you _______ a million pounds?
A. won B. win C. will win D. had won
49. If you didn’t do this, you _______ punished.
A. are B. will be C. should D. would be
50. If they had not given me advice, I _______ again.
A. would have failed B. would fail C. would have been failed D. wouldn’t fail

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