IF - CLAUSE

* Câu điều kiện:

Loại 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If clause Main clause
S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1
(don’t / doesn’t + V1) (won’t / can’t + V1)

Loại 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If clause Main clause

S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V1
(didn’t + V1) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
Loại 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

If clause Main clause

S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)

Chú ý khi viết lại câu:

1/ Viết câu tình huống thành câu điều kiện:
Câu tình huống Câu điều kiện
Thì tương lai Loại 1
Thì hiện tại Loại 2
Thì quá khứ Loại 3

Ex:
You ask the teacher this question. He will answer you.
 If you ask the teacher this question, he will answer you.
He doesn’t have enough money, so he can’t buy a new computer.
 If he had enough money, he could buy a new computer.
We didn’t go out because it rained.
 If it hadn’t rained, we could have gone out.

2/ Đổi từ if sang unless:

IF UNLESS
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)
Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)

Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.

Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster.
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam.
Unless she works harder, she will fail the exam.

3/ Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + clause

 If you don’t + V1, Clause
 If you aren’t + adj. …, Clause
Ex: Be careful or you will cut yourself.
 If you aren’t careful, you will cut yourself.
Go away or I will call the police.
 If I you don’t go away, I will phone the police.
EXERCISE
Rewrite the following sentences.
1. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
 If Carol ……………………………………………………
2. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
 If Rita ………………………………………………………
3. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.
 If she …………………………………………………….
4. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart.
 If he ……………………………………………………..
5. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car.
 If he ……………………………………………………..
6. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night.
 If my house …………………………………………………………
7. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
 If the flats …..………………………………………………………..
8. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you.
 If I …………………………………………………………………….
9. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children.
 If she ………………………………………………………………….
10. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.
 They ……………………………………………………………..
11. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team.
 If I ……………………………………………………………………
12. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car.
 If he ………………………………………………………………….
13. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well.
 If Peter ………………………………………………………………
14. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
 If Mary ………………………………………………………………
15. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
 If you………………………………………………………………….
16. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
 If he ………………………………………………………………….
17. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
 If we …………………………………………………………………
18. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.
 If you …………………………………………………………………
19. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.
 If you …………………………………………………………………
20. Keep silent or you will wake the baby up.
If …………………………………………………………………
21. She didn’t come to the party because she was busy.
If …………………………………………………………………
22. She will help you. You tell her.
If …………………………………………………………………
23. Because he didn’t study hard, he failed the exam.
If …………………………………………………………………
24. I was stuck in the traffic jam; that’s why I came late.
If …………………………………………………………………
25. I don’t have his phone number, so I can’t phone him.
If …………………………………………………………………
26. “I couldn’t have made it without your help” means
A. I couldn’t have made it if you helped me.
B. I couldn’t have made it if you had helped me.
C. I couldn’t have made it if you hadn’t helped me.
D. I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me.
27. She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal.
A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car.
B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car.
 C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car.
D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car.
28. His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time.
A. He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed.
B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t delayed.
29. Without your help, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
A. If you don’t help me, I can’t overcome the problem.
B. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
C. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
D. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have overcome the problem.
30. Thanks to Laura’s report, I was able to finish the project.
A. If there isn’t Laura’s report, I wouldn’t finish the project.
B. Had it not been for Laura’s report, I wouldn’t have been to finish the project.
C. If Laura didn’t help me, I wouldn’t finish the project.
D. I wouldn’t have finished the project if Laura didn’t help me.

WISH CLAUSE & USED TO

Complete these sentences:
1. I wish I (can) speak English perfectly.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….……………………………
2. I wish I (can) do this exercise.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….…………………………
3. I wish I (know) how to swim.  I wish……….....………….….....………..………………………………
4. I wish the weather (be) better today.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….………………………………
5. I wish you (like) my painting.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….…………………………
6. I wish I (not have to) work on Saturday.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….……………………………
7. I wish you (not come) here late.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….…………………………
8. I wish I (will be) there soon.  I wish……….....…………..………….....….………………………
9. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….…………………
10. The dictionary is very expensive.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….……………
11. It’s a pity that my room is too small!  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….……………………………
12. She isn’t here.  She wishes ……….....…………..………….....................….………
13. The students never go abroad.  The students wish ……….....…………..………….....................….………
14. They cannot eat seafood.  They wish……….....…………..………….....................….……………
15. Their team don’t play very well.  They wish……….....…………..………….....................….……………………
16. Lien never goes on a camping trip.  Lien wishes……….....…………..………….....................……………………..
17. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….………………………………
18. It’s very cold in the winter here.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….………………………………
19. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….……………………
20. The dictionary is very expensive.  I wish……….....…………..………….....................….…………………
21. I often went fishing there.  I used to ....…………..………….....................….……………………………
22. My father doesn’t smoke any more.  My father used to………….....................….……………………………
23. He often watched TV at night.  He used to……….....…………..………….....................….……………………

1-Choose the best options to complete the sentences below

1. They are pen pals They (are writing/ write/ has written/ wrote) each other twice a month.
2. I was very (impressed/ corresponded/ comprised/ interested) by the efficiency of the staff.
3. We must learn English at school. It is a/an (primary/ compulsory/ national/ optional) subject.
4. I wish you (were / are / would be/ will be) here with us now.
5. My friend.........................to the museum last weekend. (goes, went, had gone)
6. My grandfather.............................many years ago. (dies, died, has died, was dying)
7. I.......................my son the money for that last week. (gave, given, have given, was given)
8. The earth.........................around the sun. (go, went, has gone, goes)
9. He ...............................her walk through the park two hours ago. (sees, saw / has seen)
10. Are you (enjoying– waiting– looking– pleasing) your staying in Vietnam?
11. She wishes (can– can’t – could – couldn’t) swim well.
12. Vietnamese people are (friend – friends – friendship – friendly).
13. We’ve (corresponded–separated–impressed–prayed) for ten years, but we have never met him .
14. My friend .....................to the museum now. (goes, went, is going)
15. My grandfather ..........................TV at the moment. (watches/ is watching/ was watching)
16. Tom was taking a photograph of me while I ................ (don’t look/ isn’t looking/ wasn’t looking).
17. I .......................... soccer at that time. (am playing/ was playing/play)
18. Look! It’s ......................... (is snowing/ was snowing / snows).
2-Supply the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets
1. She usually....................................dinner for the family. (cook)
2. They................................their mother with the housework everyday. (help)
3. Mr. Brown.........................................in Birmingham ten years ago. (live)
4. There.................................a traffic jam in the center of the city almost last year. (be)
5. The students........................................the final test every month. (have)
6. They.........................................those interesting books yesterday. (read)
7. Lan...........................some flowers for her teacher last Sunday. (buy)
8. The Pikes....................................dinner last night. (have)
9. he ................................................. this book for children last year. (write)
10. She......................................Bangkok two years ago. (visit)
3-Give the correct form of the verbs in the blankets:
1. He ................... (paint) the ceiling at the moment.
2. Last night I ................... read in bed when suddenly I heard a scream.
3. ...................................... (You/watch) television when I phoned you?
4. Ann ................... (wait) for me when I arrived.
5. I ................... (not/drive) very fast when the accident happened.
6. What ................... (you/do) at this time yesterday?
7. I saw Carol at the party. She ................... (wear) a really beautiful dress.
8. When the teacher came in, the pupils ............. ................... (play) games.
9. Excuse me, I ......................... (look) for a phone book. Is there one near here?
10. Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They ......................... (shout) at each other again
11. My brother (join) …………………………………the army when he (be) …………………………………………young.
12. Tom (study) …………………………………………chemistry for three years and then he gave it up.
13. Miss Lee often (write) …………………………………………when she was on holiday.
14. He (leave) …………………………………………home two weeks ago.
15. When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) …………………………………………games.
16. Columbus (discover) …………………………………………America more than 400 years ago.
17. I last (see) …………………………………………him since last Sunday.
18. She (play) …………………………………the piano when our guest (arrive) …………………………………last night.
19. The light (go) …………………………………………out when we (have) …………………………………………dinner.
20. The children..............................................basketball now. (play)
21. She usually....................................dinner for the family. (cook)
22. The boys...................................a play for their school show on T.V at the moment. (rehearse)
23. They................................their mother with the housework every day. (help)
24. There.....................a traffic jam in the center of the city almost every day since last year. (be)
25. Lan...........................some flowers for her teacher last Sunday. (buy)
26. The Pikes....................................dinner at 7 o’clock last night. (have)
27. She......................................Bangkok two years ago. (visit)
28. The dancers.........................................very well when we came. (perform)