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The linear relationship would suggest that there is a constant that could be found and applied to balls
of any diameter. Eventually when the ball had been dropped from a high enough height it would
have penetrated deep enough into the sand to reach the bottom. However I cannot be 100% sure that
it was flat, and this is why it was the most inaccurate and unreliable part of the experiment. If my
results were completely accurate this would not happen. Experiment To Investigate What Affects the
Size of a Crater. This was because when the ball was placed on the surface of the sand it creates a
small crater as its weight compacted the sand. From this video I can tell that heat energy and light
energy is produced. I will then increase the crater made and compare it with other heights, by doing
this I predict that as the height increases so will the gravitational potential energy. Crater diameter
has its anomalous result at the very lowest drop height. Likewise, with forces as the object
accelerates and increases in speed, the air resistance acting against it also increases, again due to an
increase in friction between the object and air. I had to balance it on a ruler, which was horizontal to
its axis, on the point of which I was measuring it from. The object could be dropped with a
parachute attached which would increase the air resistance acting on it, therefore the air resistance
and the weight should become equal at a lower height when acceleration stops and the object should
reach its’ terminal velocity quicker. This happens then the wire is longer there are more free elections
to collide with other free elections. Callipers could be used to measure the width of the crater
whereas better technology could be used to drop the ball. The results at the higher heights on graph
A would be less on graph B and the results at the higher heights on graph B would be less on graph
A. If I didn’t use the ruler, I would be judging the height from eye, and this could change the results
completely. When they hit the earth’s surface they are called meteorites. The graph produced was not
straight however and had a number of different details to its shape. As you increase the height of the
marble being dropped from, the diameter of the crater increases too. The terminal velocity was not
reached as the diameter did not stay constant at any point. If I were to drop it with my hand using
the naked eye, this would make my results unreliable. However I cannot be 100% sure that it was
flat, and this is why it was the most inaccurate and unreliable part of the experiment. To find out if
the height depends on the size of the crater by dropping a m. Many systematic errors occurred which
meant the investigation was limited, for example, the range of heights with the highest height being
only 2.5m meant that the investigation was not suitable to assess the prediction due to the fact that it
was predicted that the object would eventually reach a terminal velocity. This was not disproved or
supported because the range of heights was just not big enough, it is possible that if facilities would
allow the experiment to be carried out from higher heights then maybe the results would show the
object finally reaching a terminal velocity or not and then maybe either disproving or supporting the
prediction. In my experiment I will be using the same golf ball for each of the tests. Meteorites
hitting the lunar surface at high velocity produced most of the large craters. An Investigation to find
out how Dropping Height affects size of a Crater c. In order not to let this affect my final test I will
not measure it to 1.d.p. but rather to 1 significant figure. Also when.
The output variable (what I will measure) will be the size of the crater produced. Possibly a rake or a
large flat object could have been used to level the sand and break up any clumps. Consequently the
crater is relatively small compared to one created from a higher dropped ball. The advantages were
that I did not have to worry about the density of the sand. By dropping the golf ball from the same
angle but at a higher distance it will create a larger crater because the force of gravity makes the
object increase its speed with time. Does the height of a crater affect the diameter of the crater
produced? Some meteorites have dense lumps of iron and nickel, which show marks of slow cooling;
these may have come from the violent history of our solar system. This also shows that there will be
a crater formed, and will have a definite rim. To investigate the height dropped from a crater and the
affect in the size. I will then increase the crater made and compare it with other heights, by doing this
I predict that as the height increases so will the gravitational potential energy. Each drop was
repeated 3 times and an average taken. This could be done by continuing to increase the height until
the width of the crater did not continue to get wider. There is a rim of smashed and jumbled
boulders that surround hole, some as high as 150ft. Does the height of a crater affect the diameter of
the crater produced? If I were to repeat the experiment I could possibly use a different piece of
equipment just so I can see if it would make a difference to my results. It is most likely that if the
investigation could be continued to higher heights then the graph would eventually show the heights
beginning to tail off as the object nears it terminal velocity. For instance when I any movement of the
tin of sand could disturb the created crater and therefore changing the diameter of the crater. My
experiment was repeatable but I believe that if everything was 100% accurate then the areas of the
craters would be the same each repeat. When the golf ball hits the sand some of the energy is
transferred to heat energy, due to friction. I have also joined all the data with a dark blue, again
indicating the strong correlation. When the height at which the pendulum ball increases, the depth of
the crater also increases. And by using a formula results according to the accuracy of the diameters
would be more reliable. Typically, materials from space hit Earth at about 20 kilometers (slightly
more than 12 miles) per second. On this occasion there is no obvious and major outliers, which makes
the graph very accurate and reliable. Crater diameter has its anomalous result at the very lowest drop
height. The kinetic energy is added up as the object gets faster yet the rate of acceleration gets
slower because less and less energy goes to kinetic with more being given off as heat and sound due
to an increase in speed and friction as the object falls, consequently, the object is sill getting faster
but not as quickly. I could then be sure that the marble was dropped from the right distance. The
higher the drop height, the greater the velocity of the golf ball, so a larger crater will be made and
the ejected sand will spread out farther. Briefly this means that if an object has enough falling
distance to reach its’ terminal velocity, after that is reached it does not matter how much higher it is
dropped from because after a certain distance it will reach its terminal speed meaning that the crater
size will not be affected after that height has been reached and any height above that. If the sand was
compact then the marble would make a less deep crater than if the sand was less compact.
The higher you drop the marble the bigger the diameter of the crater will be. I also proved that once
the marble was dropped from a certain height and above the area of the crater stayed the same. I have
considered this and decided that I would use the formula anyway. The sand would also have been
compressed after each test again making it harder for the object to produce a larger crater in the next
test as the sand was so tightly compacted. I will only change the height of which I will be dropping
the marble, for example dropping the marble at multiples of ten. After I had dropped the marble and
took my results, I had to shake the tin, until the sand was flat (in my eye). This will make my results
all the more reliable and accurate. This could have been counteracted by dropping the ball down a
pipe which was clamped above the centre of the tray of sand. There were a few which were not
accurate and this was probably due to the ball being dropped with force or at an angle. The higher
you drop the marble the bigger the diameter and the bigger the volume, and vice versa. Investigate a
factor that might affect the size of a crater made by a falli. There are however, many possible
problems with this experiment, for example, it would be difficult to measure a crater depth or
diameter yet, a possible way around this might be to measure the speed of the object with a small
speed sensor just before impact at various heights with an aim to see if the object finally stops
accelerating and always hits the bottom at the same speed, thus meaning it has reached its’ terminal
velocity. This prediction was made because as an object falls the kinetic energy is added up causing
the object to get faster yet, each time less and less of the original PE goes to KE and more to heat
and sound due to the increase in speed and friction on the accelerating object, meaning that the
object does get faster yet not as quickly. This will make my results all the more reliable and accurate.
Push out the bottom until it touches the center of the bottom of the crater. Likewise, with forces as
the object accelerates and increases in speed, the air resistance acting against it also increases, again
due to an increase in friction between the object and air. If you were to drop the marble from a low
height, you will find that the marble doesn’t have enough distance to create high gravitational
potential energy, and when the marble hits the sand, the amount of energy on the marble is low,
therefore the diameter of the crater is small and has created little kinetic energy too. To find out how
the height from which a marble is dropped affects the diame. This is why I chose to repeat each
reading 6 times to make sure of any changes. Any sort of precautions has to be kept the same
otherwise it could disturb any pattern on my results and therefore giving me a false interpretation on
the experiment. As a result, the wave actually spreads upwards from the impactor, and sends some of
the target material up and out from the impact site. In some craters, a central peak may form as some
of the target material splashes back upwards at the initial point of impact. However, if I could I
would like to use a ruler with an even smaller scale, maybe with tenths of millimetres on as this
would allow me to be more precise and accurate when I measure the diameter of my crater. Upload
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Next What is Scribd. The method described above was also followed step-by-step. We can see this
because on the graph, as the height goes up so does the width of the crater. So I am going to predict
that the small marble will create a smaller crater compared to the larger marble when dropped from
the same height. I had to balance it on a ruler, which was horizontal to its axis, on the point of which
I was measuring it from. The semi-log graph should be a straight line, if the relationship is
exponential. If all of these improvements where carried out I think the new results would be more
accurate.