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SSC Important Study Material for C, D Grade

students

Prepared By

Dr.T.S.V.S. Suryanarayana Murty,

Ganitaavadhani
School Assistant (Maths)
Z.P.Boys High School, Amalapuram

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1. Real Numbers
Important Concepts: coprime, and the prime factorization of ‘q’ is of the form 2n5m,
where n, m are non-negative integers.
1. Euclid’s Division Lemma
𝑝
2. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic * Let x = 𝑞
be a rational number, such that the prime factorization

3. L.C.M. & H.C.F. of ‘q’ is of the form 2n5m, where ‘n’ and ‘m’ are non-negative
4. Rational Numbers and their Decimal Expansions integers. Then ‘x’ has a decimal expansion which terminates.
𝑝
5. Non-Terminating, Recurring Decimals in Rational Numbers 6. * Let x = be a rational number, such that the prime factorization
𝑞
Irrational numbers
of ‘q’ is not of the form 2n5m, where ‘n’ and ‘m’ are non-negative
7. Logarithms and their properties
integers. Then ‘x’ has a decimal expansion which is non-
* Euclid’s Division Lemma: Given positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’, terminating repeating (recurring).
there exist unique pair of integers ‘q’ and ‘r’ satisfying a = bq + r, 0 * Let ‘p’ be a prime number. If ‘p’ divides a2, (where ‘a’ is a
≤ r < b. positive integer), then ‘p’ divides ‘a’.
* For any two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’, HCF (a,b) x LCM (a,b) = * If ax = N then we write x = log 𝑎 𝑁, where a>0, a  1, N > 0 and a,
a x b. N  R.
* Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every composite number * Laws of logarithms
can be expressed (factorised) as a product of primes, and this (i) 𝑎 log𝑎 𝑁 = 𝑁 (ii) log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑥
factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime (iii) log 𝑎 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦 (iv) log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑚 = 𝑚 log 𝑎 𝑥
factors occur.
* Let ‘x’ be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates,
𝑝 ½ mark Questions:
Then ‘x’ can be expressed in the form of 𝑞, where ‘p’ and ‘q’ are

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1. Write the decimal form of 8

7 43.123456789, 0.142857142857…., 0.12012001200012000…..
Ans. 0.875 Ans. 0.12012001200012000…..
2. Statement A: HCF of 17 and 23 is 1
7. Statement A: If 5 divides 625, then 5 divides 25.
Statement B: HCF of relatively prime numbers is always 1
Statement B: Let ‘p’ be a prime. If p divides a2 then p divides
(i) Only statement A true (ii) Only Statement B true
a
(iii) Statement A and B true but statement B does not support
(i) Only statement A is true (ii) Only statement B is true
statement A
(iii) Both the statements A and B are true and statement B is correct
(iv) Statement A and B true and statement B supports statement A.
explanation of statement A
Ans. (iv)
(iv) Both the statements A and B are true but statement B is not
3. What is the last digit of the expansion 6 2021 correct explanation of statement A.

Ans. 6 Ans. (iii)

4. What are the quotient and remainder when we find the HCF of
300 and 550. 8. Match the following:

Ans. quotient = 5 and remainder = 0. Group A Group B

5. Which of the following are terminating decimals? 1. Log xy = a. y Log x

33 7 97 2. Log xy = b. Log x – Log y

, ,
7 80 17
𝑥
7
3. Log 𝑦 = c. Log x + Log y
Ans. 80

𝑝
A. 1-a,2-b,3-c B. 1-c,2-a,3-b
6. Which of the following cannot be expressed in the form of 𝑞 C. 1-c,2-b,3-a D. 1-b,2-a,3-c

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7
Ans. B 18. 25 =
9. log 25 5 = ________ Ans. 0.28
19. Write the statement of Euclid’s Division lemma.
Ans. ½
Ans. a and b are two positive integers then there exists a unique pair
10. log 2020 1 = _________
of integers q and r satisfying a=bq+r, 0≤r<b.
Ans. 0
20. “Every composite number can be expressed as product of primes
11. A rational number between ‘a’ and ‘b’ is and this factorization is unique” Name the theorem?
𝑎+𝑏 Ans. Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic.
Ans. 2

12. An irrational number between ‘a’ and ‘b’ is Ans. 21. Write log 2 256= 8 in exponential form
Ans. 28 = 256
√𝑎𝑏
13. 7. 7̅ is a Ans.
Rational Number One mark Questions:
𝑝
14. 𝑞 form of 0.875 is 128
3
1. Expand log 343
?
Ans. 𝑥
8
Sol: We know that log 𝑎 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦
15. Log10 0.01 =
128
Ans. – 2 ∴ log 343 = log 128 – log 343

16. 1 + Log10 3 = = log 27 – log 73

Ans. Log 10 30 = 7log 2 – 3log7 [∵ log am = m log a]
17. 8x = 2 in the form of logarithm is Ans.
Log8 2 = x
2. Is 7×11×13+7 a composite number? Why?
Sol: 7×11×13+7 = 7×(11×13+1)

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1
= 7 × 144 =𝑙𝑜𝑔52 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔92 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
= 7×2×2×2×2×3×3 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔25 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔√9 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
= 71×24×32 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔25 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
=log25
∴ (7×11×13+7) can be written as the product of primes.
x=25
∴ It is a composite number.
5. Determine the values of log 81 3 and log 32 8.
(Or)
1
Sol: log 81 3 = log 34 3 = 4 log 3 3
7×11×13+7 = 7×(11×13+1)
1 1
= 7 × 144 =4×1=4
The number has factors 7 and 144 other than 1 and itself. So it is a 3
log 32 8 = log 25 23 = 5 log 2 2
composite number.
3 3
=5×1= .
5
15
3. Find whether 1600 is terminating or non-terminating decimal 6. Simplest form of log16–2log2?
without actual division. Sol: log 16 – 2 log 2 = log 24 – log 22
15 3 24
Sol: 1600
= 320 = log = log 24−2 = log 4
22
3 128
= 7. Expand: log 125
2×2×2×2×2×2×5

=
3 Sol: 128 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 27
26 ×51 125 = 5x5x5 = 53
128
∵ Denominator is of the form 2m5n. log = log 128 − log 125
125
15
is a terminating decimal. = log 27 – log 53
1600 = 7 log 2 – 3 log 5

1 Additional Questions:
4. Find ‘x’ if 2𝑙𝑜𝑔5 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
1
Sol: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔5 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3

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1. Expand log x2y4z3 ⟹ x(log2+log3) = log3-log2

𝑙𝑜𝑔3−𝑙𝑜𝑔2
2. Simplify log 10+2 log 3 - log 2? ⟹x = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2+𝑙𝑜𝑔3

Two marks Questions: 3. If x2+y2= 29xy Prove that 2log(x-y) = 3log3 + logx + logy
1. Find LCM and HCF of 72 and 108 by prime factorization method. Sol: Given, x2+y2 = 29xy
Sol: 72 = 2 × 36 ⟹ x2+y2-2xy=29xy-2xy=27xy
= 2 × 2 × 18 ⟹ (x-y)2 = 33xy
=2×2×2×9 Taking logs on both sides
=2×2×2×3×3 Log (x-y)2 = log (33xy)
108 = 2 × 54 ⟹ 2 log (x-y) = log33+logx+logy
= 2 × 2 × 27 = 3log 3 + log x + log y
=2×2×3×9
=2×2×3×3×3 4. Write log10 + 3log5 – 2log5 as log N and find N
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 216 Sol: log10 + 3log5 – 2log5
HCF = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 = log10 + log53 – log 52 [∵log am = m log a]
2. Solve 2x+1 = 31-x = log (10×125) – log25 [∵log x + log y = log xy]
1250 𝑥
Sol: Given 2x+1 = 31-x = log ( ) [∵log x – log y = log𝑦 ]
25
Taking logs on both sides
= log 50 = log N
x+1 1-x m
log 2 = log 3 [∵ log x = m log x]
∴ N = 50
⟹ (x+1) log2 = (1-x) log3
Additional Questions:
1. Find H.C.F of 50 and 70 by using Euclid division lemma?
⟹ xlog2 + log2 = log3 – xlog3
2. Write 2log3 + 3log5- 5log2 as a single logarithm?
⟹ xlog2 + xlog3 = log3-log2

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3. Solve 3x=5x-2 = 3(3q2 + 4q + 1) +1 = 3k+1

Hence square of any positive integer is of the form 3q or
4. Find the HCF of 220 and 284.
3q+1
5. How will you show that (19×13×2) + (19×13×5) is a composite
number? Explain.
6. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 900 and 270? 2. Prove that √3 + √5 is irrational
7. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find HCF of 870 and 225? Sol: Assume that √3 + √5 is rational
8. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 96 and 72? 𝑝
9. Find the LCM and HCF of 18, 24 and 28 by the prime Let √3 + √5 = 𝑞 (p, q ϵ Z, p, q co-primes, q ≠ 0)
factorization method. 𝑝
⟹ √3 = 𝑞 – √5
Four marks Questions:
Squaring both sides
1. Show that the square of any positive integer is of the form 3q or 𝑝2 𝑝
3 = 𝑞2 + 5 – 2 𝑞 √5
3q+1 using Euclid’s division lemma?
2𝑝 𝑝2 𝑝2
Sol: Let a be any positive integer and b=3 ⟹
𝑞
√5 = 𝑞2 + 5 – 3 = 𝑞2 +2
Then by Euclid’s algorithm 𝑝2 +2𝑞 2
=
a= 3q+r for q ≥ 0 and r = 0,1,2 𝑞2
𝑝2 +2𝑞 2 𝑞 𝑝2 𝑞+2𝑞 3
∴ a =3q or 3q+1 or 3q+2 ⟹ √5 = ( ) (2𝑝) =
𝑞2 2𝑝𝑞 2
Case 1: a=3q 𝑝2 𝑞+2𝑞 3
p, q ϵ Z, 2𝑝𝑞 2
is rational.
⟹ a2 = (3q)2 = 9q2 = 3(3q2)= 3k1
Case 2: a=3q+1  √5 is rational
⟹ a2 = (3q+1)2 = 9q2 + 6q + 1 But this contradicts that √5 is irrational.
= 3(3q2+2q)+1 = 3k2+1 ∴ Our assumption that √3 + √5 is rational is wrong
Case 3: a=3q+2 ∴ √3 + √5 is irrational.
⟹ 2 2 2
a =(3q+2) = 9q +12q+4
3. Prove that √5 is irrational.

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𝑥+𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑦
Sol: Let us assume that √5 is rational. 4. If log = 2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦), then find the value of + 𝑥
3 𝑦
Then there exist a, b ϵZ, b≠0 such that 𝑥+𝑦
Sol: 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)
𝑎
√5 = 𝑏
𝑥+𝑦 2
⟹ b√5 = a log ( 3
) = log 𝑥𝑦
Squaring on both sides
𝑥+𝑦 2
2
5b = a 2 ( 3
) = 𝑥𝑦

⟹ 5 divides a2 𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2
 9
= 𝑥𝑦
⟹ 5 divides a ⟶ (1)
So, we can take, a = 5c x2+2xy+y2=9xy
⟹ b√5 = 5c  x2+y2=9xy-2xy
Squaring both sides
 x2+y2=7xy
⟹ 5b2 = 52c2
𝑥2 𝑦2 7𝑥𝑦
⟹ b2 = 5c2  𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦
⟹ 5 divides b2
𝑥 𝑦
⟹ 5 divides b ⟶ (2)  + =7
𝑦 𝑥

From (1) and (2)

5. Prove that √2 + √5 is irrational
We can say that 5 is a common factor to a and b.
Sol: Assume that √2 + √5 is rational
This contradicts the fact that a and b are co primes. 𝑝
Let √2 + √5 = (p, q ϵ Z, p, q co-primes, q ≠ 0)
So, our assumption that √5 is rational is false. 𝑞
𝑝
So, √5 is irrational. ⟹ √2 = 𝑞 - √5

Squaring both sides

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𝑝2 𝑝
2 = 𝑞2 +5 - 2𝑞 √5
Additional Questions:
2𝑝 𝑝2 𝑝2
⟹ 𝑞
√5 = 𝑞2 + 5 – 2 = 𝑞2 +3 1. Prove that √11 is an irrational number by the method of
𝑝2 +3𝑞 2 contradiction.
= 𝑞2
1 1
𝑝2 +3𝑞 2 𝑞 𝑝2 +3𝑞 2 2. If (2.3) =(0.23)𝑦=1000 then find the value of 𝑥
−𝑦
⟹ √5 = ( ) (2𝑝) =
𝑞2 2𝑝𝑞 3. Prove that 3 + √2 is irrational
𝑝2 +3𝑞 2 4. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the cube of any positive
p, q ϵZ, 2𝑝𝑞
is rational.
integer is of the form 9m, 9m+1 or 9m+8
 √5 is rational 5. Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6m + 1, or 6m +
3, or 6m + 5, where m is some integer.
But this contradicts that √5 is irrational.
∴ Our assumption that √2 + √5 is rational is wrong. 6. Show that 7 – √3 is irrational?

∴ √2 + √5 is irrational.

2. Sets
Important Concepts: 4. Universal Set and Subset

1. Set – Roster form – Builder form 5. Basic operations on Sets – Union, Intersection and Difference of
Sets
2. Types of Set
6. Disjoint Sets, Equal Sets, Finite Sets, Infinite Sets.
3. Venn Diagrams
7. Problems based on n(A), n(B), n(AB), n(AB)

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* Set: A Set is a well defined collection of objects where well A – B = {x: xA and xB}
defined means that: * n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB)
(i) There is a universe of objects which are allowed into
consideration.
(ii) Any object in the universe is either an element or is not an
element of the set.
* Empty Set: A set which does not contain any element is called an
empty set or a Null set or a void set.
* Finite set: A set is called a finite set if its cardinal number is a
½ mark Questions:
definite whole number.
* Infinite set: A set is infinite if it is not finite.
1. Match the following
* Cardinal Number: The number of elements in a set is called the
i. If A⊂B, then A∩B = a.B
cardinal number of the set.
* Subset: Let A and B are two sets if every element of A is in B, ii. If A⊂B, then AB = b.
then A is subset of B and is denoted by AB. If aA, then aB for iii. If A⊂B, then A–B = c.A
all ‘a’.
A. i-a, ii-b, iii-c B. i-c, ii-a, iii-b
* Equal sets: Two sets, A and B are said to be equal if every
C. i-c, ii-b, iii-a D. i-b, ii-a, iii-c
element in A belongs to B and every element in B belongs to A.
* A union B is written as A  B = {x: xA or xB} Ans. B

* A intersection B is written as A  B = {x: xA and xB} 2. The number of subsets of the null set ϕ is ______.
* The difference of two sets A, B is denoted as A – B Ans. 0

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3. W – {0}=_________. A. Both are true but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.

A.  B. {1,2,3,---} C. N D. both B & C B. Assertion is true but reason is false.

Ans. D C. Both assertion and reason are false.

4. The number of elements in a set is called the _____________ of D. Both are correct and reason is correct explanation to assertion.
the set.
Ans. D
Ans. Cardinal Number
8. If A – B = A then A, B are ________ sets.

Ans. Disjoint
5. Read the following statements and write the answer.
9. If A = B then AB=
Statement A: An empty set has no elements
Ans. AB
Statement B: Universal set is denoted by 
10. Every set has at least two subsets they are  and itself.
A. Statement A only is correct B. Statement B only is
correct C. Bothe statements are correct D. Bothe statements Ans. True.
are wrong 11. If n(A)=12, n(B)=15 then minimum number of elements present
Ans. C in AB is ________

6. Universal set is denoted by______ Ans. 15

Ans.  or U or . 12. If A⊂B and n(A)=8, n(B)=12 then n(AB)=______

7. Assertion: (A – B), (B – A) are disjoint sets. Ans. 12

Reason: If two sets have no common elements then the sets 13. If A⊂B and n(A)=15, n(B)=20 then n(AB)=______
are disjoint

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Ans. 15 From the Venn diagram Shaded portion is A – (AB)

n (A – B) = n(A) – n(AB) = 18 – 8 =10

3. If A={4,5,6}, B={7,8}then find AB and BA

One mark Questions: Sol: AB={4,5,6}{7,8}

={4,5,6,7,8}
1. Write Roster form of “the set of all Natural numbers which is a
divisor of second perfect number”. BA={7,8}{4,5,6}

Sol: The second perfect number is 28 ={4,5,6,7,8}

Let A be the set of Natural numbers which is a divisor of 28 AB = BA

Divisors of 28 are 1,2,4,7,14,28 Additional Questions:

1. An empty set is a finite set. Is the statement true? Justify your
Roster form A={1,2,4,7,14,28} answer.

2. n(A)=18; n(AB)=8. So find the number of un shaded part of the 2. If A and B are disjoint sets and n(A)=5, n(B)=4 then find n(AB)
following Venn diagram. and n(AB).
Sol: A B 3. A={1,2,3}; B={0,2,4} represents these sets in Venn diagrams.

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Every element of B are in A

So, B⊂A, A⊄B.

3. If A={1,2,3,4,5}, B={2,4,6,8} then find n(A), n(B), n(A∪B) and

n(AB)?
Two marks Questions:
Sol: The set ‘A’ contains 5 elements.
1. If A={0,2,4} then find A and AA, comment?
∴n(A)=5
Sol: Given A={0,2,4}
The set ‘B’ contains 4 elements
A={0,2,4}{ }
∴n(B)=4
={ }=
A∪B={1,2,3,4,5} ∪ {2,4,6,8} = {1,2,3,4,5,6,8}
AA={0,2,4}{0,2,4}
∴n(A∪B) = 7.
={0,2,4}=A
AB = {1,2,3,4,5}{2,4,6,8}={2,4}
Comment: A= and AA=A
n(AB)=2

2. A={Quadrilaterals}, B={Square, Rectangle, Trapezium,

Rhombus}. State whether A⊂B or B⊂A. Justify your answer. Additional Questions:
Sol: Given: A={Quadrilaterals} 1. If A={1,2,3,4}, B={1,2,3,5,6} then find (i) AB (ii) AB

A={square, rectangle, trapezium, rhombus, parallelogram} 2. If n(AB)=35, n(A)=20, n(B)=24then find n(AB)

B={square, rectangle, trapezium, rhombus} 3. Write all the subsets of {a, b}

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Four marks Questions:

4. Give reasons for the following: 1. Illustrate (i) A∪B, (ii) A∩B, (iii) A – B, (iv) B – A

(i) {1,2,3,…,10}{x:xN and 1<x<10} (ii) through Venn diagrams.

{2,4,6,8,10}{x:x=2n+1 and xN}
Sol: (i) (ii)
A B U A B U
(iii) {5,15,30,45}{x:x is a multiple of 15} (iv) {2,3,5,7,9}{x:x is
a prime number}

5. If AB and n(A)=15, n(B)=22 then find n(AB) and n(AB)

6. Give two examples for finite and infinite sets. Shaded part = AB Shaded part=AB
7. A={2,3,4,5}; AB={3,4} and ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}; 7AB then
(iii) (iv)
what can you say about B and B – A?
A B U A B U
8.Choose three sets A, B, C such that AB, BC and then check
whether AC or not?

9. Draw Venn diagrams for AB, AB such that AB=A and
AB=A Shaded part= A – B Shaded part= B – A

2. If A={3,6,9,12,15,18,21}, B={4,8,12,16,20},
C={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} then find (i) A – B (ii) B – A (iii) A – C
(iv) C – A What you have observed?

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Sol: Given A={3,6,9,12,15,18,21}, B={4,8,12,16,20}, A∩B={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}{1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}

C={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} ={3,5,7,11,13,17,19}
A – B = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21} - {4,8,12,16,20} n(A∩B)=7
= {3,6,9,15,18,21} A – B ={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19} –
B – A = {4,8,12,16,20} - {3,6,9,12,15,18,21} {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}
={4,8,16,20} (i) {2}
A–B B–A (i) B – A ={1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19} -
A – C = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21} – {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}
= {3,9,15,18,21}
={1,9,15}
C – A = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} - {3,6,9,12,15,18,21}
= {2,4,8,10,14,16} A–BB–A
A–C C–A
Additional Questions:
3. If A={x/x is a prime number and x≤20}
1. If A={x/x is a prime number and x≤20};
B={2x+1, x∊w and x≤9} then find B={2x+1, x∊w and x≤9} then find (i) A∪B (ii) A∩B
(i) n(A∪B) (ii) n(A∩B) (iii) A – B (iv) B – A. (iii) A – B (iv) B – A. What you observed?
What you observed?
2. If A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} and B={7,8,9,10,11} Find (i)
Sol: A={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19} B={1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}
A∪B (ii) A∩B (iii) A-B (iv) B-A
AB={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}{1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}
(v) A∪B - A∩B (vi) A-B ∪ B-A. What do you notice
={1,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}
about the results?
n(AB)=11

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3. If A={x:x is a natural number}

B={x:x is an even natural number}

C={x:x is an odd natural number}

D={x:x is a prime number}

Find (i) A∩B (ii) C∪D (iii) A – B

(iv) C – D.

3. Polynomials
Important Concepts: * If p(x) is a polynomial in ‘x’ and if ‘k’ is a real number, then the
* Polynomials are algebraic expressions constructed using constants value obtained by replacing ‘x’ by ‘k’ in p(x), is called the value of
and variables. p(x) at x=k and is denoted by p(k).
* The highest power of ‘x’ in p(x) is called the degree of the * A real number ‘k’ is said to be a zero of a polynomial p(x), if
polynomial p(x). p(k)=0.
* We can write a polynomial in a variable ‘x’ of a degree ‘n’ where * Graphical representation of a linear polynomial represents a line.
‘n’ is any natural number. * Graphical representation of a quadratic polynomial represents
P(x)=a0xn+a1xn-1+a2xn-2+ . . . +an-1x+an is a polynomial of nth degree, parabola.
where a0,a1,a2, . . . an are real coefficients and a00.

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* If,  are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x)=ax2+bx+c

then sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial is +=
−(𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥) −𝑏
2
= 𝑎 .
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥

* If,  are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x)= ax2+bx+c

then product of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial is =
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑐
2 = . ½ mark Questions:
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎

* If,  and  are the zeroes of a cubic polynomial p(x)= 1. If ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=4x2+3x+7 then find
1 1
ax3+bx2+cx+d then sum of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial is the value of 𝛼 + 𝛽
−(𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 ) −𝑏
++ = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 3
= 𝑎
. −3
Ans. 7
* If,  and  are the zeroes of a cubic polynomial p(x)= 2. If one zero of the polynomial p(x)=5x2+13x+k is reciprocal of the
ax3+bx2+cx+d then product of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial is other, then the value of ‘k’
−(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚) −𝑑
++ = 3
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥
= 𝑎 . Ans. 5
* If,  and  are the zeroes of a cubic polynomial p(x)= 3. If ,  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=2x3+6x2–4x+9
ax3+bx2+cx+d then the sum of the products of the zeroes taken two then
(𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
at a time of the cubic polynomial is ++ = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 3 =
𝑐
(i) ++= a. – 2
.
𝑎 (ii) ++= b. – 3
−9
* If ,  are the zeroes of the polynomial then the polynomial is p(x) (iii) = c. 2
= x2 – x(+) + 
A. i-a,ii-b,iii-c B. i-b,ii-a,iii-c
* If , ,  are the zeroes of a polynomial then the polynomial is
C. i-b,ii-c,iii-a D. i-a,ii-c,iii-b
p(x)=x3 – x2(++)+x(++)–.
* If p(x) and g(x) are any two polynomial with g(x)0, then we can Ans. B
find polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that p(x)=g(x).q(x)+r(x), where 4. Statement (i): p(x)=2x+3 is a linear polynomial
r(x)=0 or degree of r(x)<degree of g(x) if r(x)0.
Statement (ii): Polynomial of degree 1 is called linear polynomial.

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A) Statement (i) is only correct B) Statement (ii) is 12. xn+yn is divisible by x+y if ‘n’ is ______
only correct Ans. odd
13. A point which satisfies y=x3 is ____
C) Statement (i) is correct and Statement (ii) is correct explanation
Ans. (–1, –1) or (2, 8) or (–2, –8) or any relevant answer.
of Statement (i)
14. Write the condition that ax2+bx+c is a quadratic polynomial
D) Statement (i) is correct and Statement (ii) is not correct Ans. a  0
explanation of statement (i) 15. (x3 – 8)(x – 2) = _______
Ans. C Ans. x2+4x+4
16. Degree of constant polynomial is ____
5. If f(x) = ax2+bx+c has no real zeroes and a+b+c<0, then the value Ans. 0
of ‘c’ is ___ One mark Questions:
Ans. c < 0 1. P(x) = 8x –6x5+4x3+2x7. Find degree of P(x) and coefficient of
x5 .
6. The zeroes of x2 – 1 are _____
Sol: P(x) = 8x – 6x5 + 4x3 +2x7
Ans. 1
1) Degree of P(x) = 7
7. Write the general form of a cubic polynomial in one variable x?
2) Coefficient of x5 = –6.
Ans. p(x) = ax3+bx2+cx+d
2. Check whether –3 and 3 are zero of x3–27.
8. Find the number of zeroes of z3? Sol: Let p(x) = x3–27
Ans. 3 P(–3) = (–3)3 – 27 = –27 – 27 = –54  0
9. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose P(3) = (3)3 – 27 = 27 – 27 = 0
zeroes are –3 and 2 respectively?
Ans. x2 – x(–3+2)+( –3)(2) =x2 + x – 6 ∴ –3 is not a zero of x3–27 and 3 is a zero of x3 – 27.
10. Give an example for quadratic polynomial whose sum of the 3. Find the sum and product of the zeros of the polynomial
zeros is zero? 4x3+3x2+2x
Ans. x2 + 5 or 3x2 – 8 or any relevant example.
11. Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the Sol: Let p(x) = 4x3+3x2+2x
1
roots is √2 and 3 Comparing this withax3+bx2+cx+d,
1 1 a=4, b=3, c=2, d=0
Ans. x2 – x(√2 + ) + √2 × = 3x2 + (32+1)x +2
3 3

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𝑏 3
Sum of the zeros = − 𝑎
=− 4
𝑑 0
Product of the zeros = − 𝑎
=− 4
=0
Two marks Questions:
4. If a–b, a ,a+b are zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = 2x –6x +5x–7,
3 2
1
find the value of the a. 1. Check whether 4
and –1 are zeros of the polynomial
p(x)=4x2+3x –1.
Sol: Let α, β, γ are the zeroes of cubic polynomial ax3+bx2+cx+d
𝑏 Sol: Given, p(x) = 4x2+3x –1
then α + β + γ =− 1 1 2 1
𝑎 p(4) = 4(4) +3(4) –1
−6
a+b+a+a – b= − 1 3 1+3−4
2
= 4 × 16 + – 1 = =0
4 4
3a=3
P(–1) = 4(–1)2+3(–1) –1 = 4 –3 –1 = 0 ∴
a=1 1
4
and –1 are zeros of p(x).
5. Sum of the zeros of a polynomial 4x2+kx+5 is 5. Find the value of
k.
Sol: Let α, β be the zeros of 4x2+kx+5 2. Divide p(x) = x4–3x2+4x+5 by q(x) = x2–2 and find the quotient
𝑘
and remainder.
α+β=–
4 Sol: p(x) = x4+0x3–3x2+4x+5, q(x) = x2–2
⟹ k = –4(α+β) = –4×5 = –20 x2–1
Additional Questions: x2– 2 x4 + 0x3 – 3x2 + 4x + 5
1. Write the division algorithm for polynomials. x4 – 2x2
2. Find the number of zeroes of (i) 2x+1 (ii) y2 – 1? - x2 + 4x + 5
3. Check whether –2 and 3 are the zeroes of the polynomial - x2 + 2
p(x)=x2–x– 6? 4x + 3

4. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 2 and −

1 ∴ Quotient = x2–1
3
Remainder = 4x+3

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3. Find the zeros of the polynomial x2–3 and verify the relation
between the zeros and coefficients.

Sol: x2–3 = (x+√3) (x– √3) [∵ a2–b2=(a+b)(a–b)]

So the value of x2–3 is zero when x= – √3 and x=√3
∴ Zeros of x2–3 are – √3 and √3
0
Sum of the zeros = – √3 + √3 = 0 = =
1
−(𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
(𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 )
−3
Product of zeros = (– √3)(√3) = –3 = 1
= Curve intersects the x–axis
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 In two points so it has 2 zeroes.

4. Draw the rough graphs of p(x)=ax2+bx+c where a>0 for all 5. If p(x) = x3 + 3x2 – x – 3, then find α + β + γ, αβ+βγ+γα and αβγ.
possible solutions. Comparing this with ax3+bx2+cx+d, we get
Sol: ax2+bx+c, a>0 a=1, b=3, c=–1, d=–3
𝑏 −3
α + β + γ =– 𝑎= 1 =–3
𝑐 −1
αβ+βγ+γα = 𝑎= 1 =–1
𝑑 −3
αβγ = – == – =3
𝑎 1

6. The two zeros of a polynomial are 2+√3 and 2–√3. Find the
polynomial?
Curve doesn’t touch the Curve touches the x–axis. Sol: Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2+bx+c, a≠0 and its
x-axis. It has no zeros. It has only one zero zeros are

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α = 2+√3 and β = 2 – √3 3. When p(x)=x3–2x2+kx+5 is divided by (x–2), the remainder is 11.

Then find k?
∴ α+β = (2+√3) + (2 – √3) = 2+√3+2 – √3 = 4
4. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of product of its
α β = (2+√3) (2 – √3) = 4–3 = 1 zeroes taken two at a time and product of its zeroes as 2, –7, –14
∴ ax2+bx+c = k[x2 – (α + β)x + αβ] respectively

= k(x2–4x+1)
When k=1, the polynomial is x2–4x+1.

x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x2 4 1 0 1 4 9 16 25
–10x 20 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Four marks Questions:
y=x2–
49 36 25 16 9 4 1 0
10x+25
1. Draw the graph of y = x2 –10x + 25 and find the zeroes of the
(–2, 49)

(–1,36)

(0, 25)

(1, 16)

(2,9)

(3,4)

(4,1)

(5,0)
(x, y) polynomial
Sol: y= p(x) = x2 –10x + 25
Additional Questions:
1. Find the zeros of the polynomial x2 + x - 12 and verify the
relationship between zeros and the coefficients.
2. If p(x) = x2 – 5x – 6 the value of find p(0), p(1), p(2), p(3)?

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The parabola y = x2 – 10x + 25 touches the x- axis at (5, 0). The x –

coordinate of this point is zero of the polynomial.
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Thus the zero is 5.
x2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
–x 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4
2. Draw the graph of y = x2 – x – 12 and find the zeroes of the
–12 –12 –12 –12 –12 –12 –12 –12 –12 polynomial
y= x2
–x – 0 –6 –10 –12 –12 –10 –6 0
12
(–1,–10)
(–2, –6)

(0,–12)

(1,–12)

(2,–10)
(–3, 0)

(3, –6)

(4,0)
(x, y)

Sol: y= p(x) = x2 – x –12

X –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
x2 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
–4x 8 4 0 –4 –8 –12 –16
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
y= x2 – 4x +5 17 10 5 2 1 2 5

(–2,17)

(–1,10)

(0,5)

(1,2)

(2,1)

(3,2)

(4,5)
(x, y)

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Sol: y= p(x) = x2–4x +5

The points on the curve are (–2,17), (–1,10), (0,5), (1,2), (2,1), (3,2),
(4,5)

The parabola y = x2 – x –12 cuts the x– axis at (–3, 0) and (4,

0).

The x – coordinates of these points are zeros of the

polynomial.
∴zeros are –3 and 4.
3. Draw the graph of the polynomial y = x2–4x+5 and find zeroes. The curve does not intersect the x–axis.
Verify the zeroes of the polynomial
∴ There are no zeroes for the polynomial y = x2–4x +5

Additional Questions:

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1. Draw the graph of y = 3–2x–x2 and find the zeroes of the 3. Draw the graph of the polynomial p(x) = x2–x+2 and find the
polynomial. zeros. Justify your answer.
2. Draw the graph of y = x2 – x – 12 and find the zeroes of the
polynomial.

4. Linear Equations in two variables

Important Concepts: Sol: Example for consistent equations are 2x+y–5=0 and 3x–2y–
* Equation having two variables with degree 1 is called a linear 4=0 or any suitable pair of equations
equation in two variables. It has infinitely many solutions. 3. A linear equation in two variables has ________ solutions.
* Two linear equations in the same two variables are called a pair of
linear equations in two variables. Sol: many
a1x+b1y+c1=0 (a12+b120); a2x+b2y+c2=0 (a22+b220) where a1,b1,c1
and a2,b2,c2 are real numbers. 4. The point of intersection of x+y=6 and x–y=4 is________.
* If a1x+b1y+c1=0 (a12+b120); a2x+b2y+c2=0 (a22+b220) represent
two lines then
𝑎 𝑏
Sol: (2,4)
If 1 ≠ 1 The lines are intersecting
𝑎2 𝑏2
Consistent
having only one solution
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 The lines are parallel and 5. The value of x in the equation 3x–(x–4)=3x+1 is ________.
If 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1 Inconsistent
2 2 2 have no solution
The lines are coincide with Sol: 3
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
If 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 each other and have Consistent
2 2 2
infinitely many solutions 6. The graph y=ax+b is a straight line which intersects x–axis at

½ mark Questions: −𝑏
1. What are consistent equations? Sol: ( , 0)
𝑎
Sol: If a pair of linear equations have unique solutions then there
are called consistent equations. 7. Match the following

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
2. Give an example for consistent equations? (i) If 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 , then the lines are (a) parallel
2 2 2

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𝑎 𝑏
(ii) If 𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏1 , then the lines are (b) coincident Sol: ax+by+c=0
2 2

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
13. Angle between any two parallel lines is ___________.
(iii) If 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1 , then the lines are (c) intersecting
2 2 2
Sol: 0°
A. i-a, ii-b, iii-c B. i-b, ii-c, iii-a
14. Sum of two number which are in the ratio 5:7 is 84. Then the
C. i-c, ii-a, iii-b D. i-c, ii-b, iii-a first number is ____________.

Sol: B Sol: 35

8. The graph of a linear equation in two variables is a ______. Additional Questions:

1. If x+2y=7 and 4x–ay=10 has no solution then find the value of ‘a’
Sol: Straight line
2. Find the number of solutions of the pair of linear equations 6x–
7y=1 and 3x–4y=5.
9. If ax+by=c and px+qy=r has unique solution, then ________.
3. State the condition, if ax+by+c=0 represents a linear equation in
𝑎 𝑏 two variables ‘x’ and ‘y’.
Sol: 𝑝 ≠ 𝑞 4. Find the value of ‘x’ which satisfies the equation 2x–(4–x)=5–x.
5. Write an equation has the solution of (2, –3).
10. Sum of two numbers is 44 is represented by the equation __.
6. If the larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by
Sol: x+y=44 380, then find the angles.
7. Find the value of ‘k’, if the pair of equations 2x+5y=k,
11. The point (7,–5) is in the quadrant ________________. kx+15y=18 has infinite solutions.
8. Find one common solution of ax+by+c=0 and Y-axis.
Sol: IV or Q4
9. Graphically x–2=0 represents a line
12. The standard form of a linear equation is _____________. A. parallel to X-axis at a distance of 2 units from X-axis.

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B. parallel to Y-axis at a distance of 2 units from Y-axis. Then the cost of 40 minute voice calls = Rs.100y
C. parallel to X-axis at a distance of 2 units from Y-axis. Given sum of these two = Rs.399/=
3
D. parallel to Y-axis at a distance of 2 units from X-axis. 1.5x+100y=399 or 2 𝑥 + 100𝑦 = 399 or 3x+200y=798 is
9
10. A fraction becomes 11, if 2 is added to both the numerator and the required equation.
4
denominator. If 3 is added to both the numerator and denominator it 3. Covert the following into linear equations 𝑥
+
5
becomes , then find the fraction? 3 5 7
6
𝑦
= 12; 𝑥
−𝑦 =9
1 1
Sol: To write linear equations we put 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦
= 𝑏 then we get
One mark Questions:
1. Check whether the following pair of Linear equations represent 4a+3b=12; 5a – 7b=9 which are in linear form.
parallel lines or not? 6x –3y+10=0, 2x–y+9=0 4. Difference of two complementary angles is 360, Write the
Sol: Given equations are 6x–3y+10=0, 2x–y+9=0 concerned linear equations.

Here a1=6, b1 =–3, c1=10 a2=2, Sol: Let the two complementary angles be ‘x’ and ‘y’.
b2=–1, c2=9 By the definition of complementary, we have x+y=900 ----- (1)
𝑎1 6
=2=3
𝑏1 −3
= −1 = 3
𝑐1
=
10 Given that their difference is 360, then x – y =360 ----------- (2)
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 9
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 5. If one angle is ¼ th of its complement. Then find it.
∴ =𝑏 ≠𝑐 ,
𝑎2 2 2 Sol: Let the two complementary angles be ‘x’ and ‘y’.
∴ They represent parallel lines. By the definition of complementary, we have x+y=900 ----- (1)
2. Airtel company is charging Rs.399/- for 1.5GB data at a speed of Given one angle (x) = ¼ th of the other(y)
5 mbps and 100 minutes voice calls. Write a linear equation with
two variables for given data. X=1/4 (y)4x=y ------------(2)
Sol: Let the cost of 1GB data = Rs.x From (1) and (2) x+4x=900 5x=900
Then the cost of 1.5 GB data = Rs.1.5x and x=180 and y=4(180)=720
Let the cost of 1 minute voice call = Rs.y 6. Write two cases where you do not consider the elimination
method to solve.

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𝑎 𝑏
Sol: 1. This elimination method is not suggestible when there are So, 𝑎1 ≠ 1
2𝑏 2
more than 2 variables in given equations.
2. When the coefficients of some variables are rational then in some 3 𝑚
⟹9 ≠ 12
cases, this method is not suggestible.
12×3
m≠ 9
Additional Questions:
1. Check whether the equations 3x+4y=2 and 6x+8y=4 are m≠4
consistent? ∴ m ≠ 4 the above system of equations will have unique
2. Pair of equations x=1, y=2 are perpendicular. Do you agree? solution i.e., R–{4}.
Justify your answer?
2. Solve the following equations by elimination method
3. Check whether x+3y=5, 3x+9y=15 has infinitely many solutions?
(i) 2x+y–5=0 and 3x–2y–4=0
4. Find the value of ‘a’ so that the point (3,9) lies on the line
represented by 2ax–3y=5? Sol: 2x+y–5=0 ⟹ 2x+y=5 ⟶ (1)
5. Verify whether the pair of lines 4x+6y+8=0, 6x+9y+12=0 parallel 3x–2y–4=0 ⟹ 3x–2y=4 ⟶ (2)
or not? (1) × 3 ⟹ 6x+3y=15
6. Find the value of ‘k’ for which the system of equations x+2y–3=0 (2) × 2 ⟹ 6x–4y= 8
and 5x+ky+7=0 has no solution.
Subtracting 7y = 7
7
y=7=1
Two marks Questions:
Substituting y=1 in equation (1)
1. For what value of m, the following system of equations will have
a unique solution? 2x+y=5
3x+my=10 and 9x+12y=30 2x+1=5
Sol: Given: 3x+my=10, 2x=5–1=4
9x+12y=30 4
x=2=2
a1=3, b1=m, and a2=9, b2=12
x=2
The equations will have unique solution
Solution x=2, y=1

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2+4𝑥
3. 2Kgs brinjal and 4Kgs Tomato Total Rs.120. After two days From (2) = 3
. Substitute this value in (1), we get
4Kgs brinjal and 5Kgs Tomato Total Rs.160. Express this situation
2+4𝑥
in linear equation. 3x – 5( 3
)=4
Sol: Let, cost of 1kg brinjal = Rs.x Multiply with 3 on both sides, we get
Cost of 1kg tomato= Rs.y 9x – 5(2+4x) = 4x3=12
Cost of 2Kgs brinjal and 4kgs tomato = Rs.120
9x – 10 – 20x = 12
∴ 2x+4y=120
 – 11x = 12+10 = 22
Cost of 4Kgs brinjal and 5 Kgs tomato = Rs.160 22
 x = − 11 = −2
∴ 4x+5y=160
Substitute the value of ‘x’ in (1) we get
4. Two numbers differ by 3 and their sum is 15. Find the numbers.
Sol: Let the two numbers be x and y and x > y. 3(–2) –5y=4  –6–4=5y

By the sum the two numbers differ by 3 then we get x– 5y=–10  y=–2
y = 3 ------ (1) Solution is (x,y)=( –2, –2)
Also given that their sum is 15 means x+y=15 ------ (2)
By adding (1) and (2), we get
2x = 18  x=9 Additional Questions:
Substitute the value of ‘x’ in (2), we get 1. For which value of ‘K’ pair of linear equations 3x+4y+2=0 and
9x+12y+K=0 are consistent?
9+y=15  y=15 – 9 = 6
2. Check whether the pair of linear equations 2x–3y=5 and 4x–
The numbers are x=9, y=6 6y=15 are consistent?
5. Solve the equations 3x – 5y=4, 3y – 4x=2 by substitution method.
3. Two numbers differ by 3 and their product is 54. Find the
numbers.
Sol: Given equations are 3x – 5y=4 ----------- (1) and
3y – 4x=2  – 4x+3y =2 ---------- (2) 4. Solve the equations 3x – 5y = 4, 3y – 4x = 2 by elimination
method.

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6 8
5. Solve the equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 by substitution 6. For what values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ 2x+3y=7, (a–
b)x+(a+b)y = 3a+b–2 will have infinite number of solutions.
method.

5. Quadratic Equations
Important Concepts:

* Standard form of quadratic equation in variable x is ax2+bx+c=0,

where a,b,c are real numbers and a≠0. ½ mark questions:
* A real number d said to be a root of the quadratic equation 1. Statement A: The general form of the Quadratic equation is
ax2+bx+c=0, if aα2+bα+c=0. The zeros of the quadratic ax2+bx+c=0.
polynomial ax2+bx+c and the roots of the quadratic equation Statement B: The graph of y=ax2+bx+c represents parabola.
ax2+bx+c=0 are the same.
(i) Statement A only is correct
* If we can factorize ax2+bx+c, a≠0, into a product of two linear (ii) Statement B only is correct
factors, then the roots of the quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 can
be found by equating each factor to zero. (iii) Both are false
(iv) both are correct.
* A quadratic equation can also be solved by the method of
completing the square. Ans. D
* Quadratic formula: The roots of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 2. The quadratic equation with roots 3+√2, 3–√2 is____.
are given by Ans. x2–6x+7=0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
3. Match the following
2𝑎

* A quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 has (i) The discriminant of the ax2+bx+c=0 is a. c/a

(i) Two distinct real roots, if b2–4ac > 0. (ii) Sum of the roots of ax2+bx+c=0 is b. – b/a

(ii) Two equal roots, if b2–4ac=0, and (iii) Product of roots of ax2+bx+c=0 is c. b2 – 4ac

(iii) No real roots, if b2–4ac<0. A. i-a,ii-b,iii-c B. i-a,ii-c,iii-b C. i-

c,ii-b,iii-a D. i-c,ii-a,iii-b

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Ans. C The roots of the quadratic

polynomial in the given figure
4. If the one root of x2–5x+6=0 is 2 then another root is __.
is ________
Ans. 3
5. The sum of the roots of 3x2–4√3x+4=0 is__________. Ans. not real
4
Ans.
√3 12. Sum of the roots of 4x2–1=0 is _______________.
1 Ans. 0
6. The product of the roots of 3x2–2x+3 = 0 is ________.
1 13.If one root of ax2+bx+c=0 is 0 then the condition is _____.
Ans. 9
Ans. c=0
7. The nature of the roots of 2x2–4x+3=0 is __________. 14. If the roots of the equation 2x2+bx+5=0 are additive inverses
Ans. not real to each other then b is____________.
8. The area of the square numerically equal to its perimeter Ans. 0
than the side of the square is ____________. 15. If the roots of 3x2–5x+c=0 are reciprocals to each other then
Ans. 4 units. c=______.
9. If b2–4ac>0 then the roots are ____________. Ans. 3
Ans. Real, unequal 16. Assertion: The ratio between sum of the zeroes and product
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
of the zeroes of x2–4x+5=0 is 4:5
10. The quadratic formula x= 2𝑎
was given by __.
Reason: The ratio between sum of the zeroes and product of
A. Bhaskaracharya B. Ramanujan C. the zeroes of ax2+bx+c=0 is b:c
Aaryabhatta D. Sridharacharya A. Assertion is true, but reason is false
Ans. D B. Assertion is false, but reason is true
C. Assertion is true and reason is the correct explanation of
11. assertion.
D. Assertion is true but reason is not the correct explanation.

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Ans. C 1 1 𝛽+𝛼
𝛼
+𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽
17. If 2 is a root of quadratic equation 2x2+kx–6=0, then the 5
value of ‘k’ is – 1 (True/False). = 2
3
5
=3
2
Ans. True.
18. The discriminant of 2x2+5x+3=0 is ______________.
3. Solve 2x2–5x+3=0 by factorization method
Ans. 1
Sol: 2x2–5x+3=0
19. The positive value of ‘x’ if 4x2–1=0 is ____________.
1 2x2–2x–3x+3=0
Ans. 2
(2x2–2x)–(3x–3)=0
2x(x–1) – 3(x–1) = 0
1. Mark questions:
1 (x–1)(2x–3) = 0
1. Check whether x2+𝑥 2 =2 is quadratic equation or not?
x–1=0 2x–3=0
1 𝑥 4 +1
Sol: x2+ 2 =2  =2 x=1 2x = 3
𝑥 𝑥2
3
x4+1=2x2  x4–2x2+1=0 x=2
∴ It is not a quadratic equation.
4. Discuss the nature of the roots of ax2+bx+c=0.
1 1
2. If α, β are the zeroes of 2x2–5x+3=0 then find 𝛼+𝛽 Sol: 1) If b2–4ac=0 then the roots are real and equal.

Sol: 2x2–5x+3=0 2) If b2–4ac>0 then the roots are real and unequal.

a=2, b=–5, c=3 3) If b2–4ac<0 then the roots are not real.
𝑏 (−5) 5 5. Find the nature of roots of 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0
α+β=–𝑎=– 2
=
2 Sol: comparing the given equation with standard equation, we have
𝑐 3
αβ= =2 a=2, b=–3, c=5
𝑎

Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac = (–3)2–4(2)(5)=9–40=–31<0

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3
The roots of the given quadratic equation are imaginary (or 1. Verify that 1 and 2 are the roots of the equation 2x2–5x+3=0.
not real)
Sol: Given equation is 2x2–5x+3=0
Consider 2x2–5x+3
Substitute x =1
Additional Questions:
= 2(1)2–5(1)+3
1. Find the nature of the roots of 3x2 – 2x + 1/3 = 0 without finding
the roots. = 2–5+3
= 5–5
2. Find the discriminant of 2x2–4x+3=0 and hence find the nature of
=0
the roots?
∴ x=1 satisfies 2x2–5x+3=0
3. The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306.
∴ 1 is a root of 2x2–5x+3=0
Represent the situation in the form of quadratic equation to find
the integers? 3
Substitute x = 2
4. If the roots of the quadratic equation kx2+12x+9=0 are equal, then
find ‘k’ 3 2 3
= 2(2) − 5 (2) + 3
5. Is (x – 2) (x + 1) = (1 – x) (x + 3) a quadratic equation?
9 3
6. If b2 – 4ac > 0 of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 then draw the = 2(4) – 5(2) + 3
curves. 9 15
= (2) – ( 2 ) + 3
7. Find the values of ‘k’ for which the equation x2+5kx+16=0 has no 9−15+6 15−15 0
= = =2=0
real roots. 2 2
3
5 x = 2 satisfies 2x2–5x+3=0
8. Write the quadratic equation whose sum of the roots is 6 and
3
1
product of roots is 6 2
is a root of 2x2–5x+3=0

2 mark questions:

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1
2. Find the discriminant of the equation 3x2–2x+3 = 0 and hence find Given, the equation has equal roots
the nature of its roots. Find them, if they are real. D=0
b2–4ac=0
Sol: 3x2–2x+3 = 0
1 (k)2–4(2)(2)=0
k2–16=0
Multiply the equation by 3, we get
k2=16
9x2–6x+1=0
a=9, b=–6, c=1 k=±√16

D=b2–4ac k= ±4

= (–6)2–4(1)(9) k = 4 or –4

= 36 – 36
1 1
=0 4. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 6
Here, D=0 1 1
Sol: 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 6
Then the roots are real and equal
Multiply the equation by 6x, we get
−𝑏
x = 2𝑎 1 1
6x(𝑥 − 3𝑥) = 6𝑥 (6)
−(−6)
= 6x2 – 2 = 1x
2(9)
6 1
x = 18 = 3 (6x2–1x–2)=0
1 1 6x2–4x+3x–2=0
The roots are , .
3 3
2x(3x–2)+1(3x–2)=0
2x+1=0 3x–2=0
3. If 2x2+kx+2=0 has equal roots then find the value of k.
2x=–1 3x=2
Sol: Given equation: 2x2+kx+3=0 1 2
x=– 2 x=3
a=2, b=k, c=2

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Additional Questions:
1. Solve 4x2 – 2 (a2 + b2)x + a2 b2 = 0
5. Sum of squares of two consecutive positive integers is 613. 2. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose square
Represent this data into quadratic equation. is 290?
Sol: Let the two consecutive positive integers are x, x+1
3. Find the value of k for 2x2–kx+3=0, so that it has two equal roots?
Given, 4. Is x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3 quadratic equation?
The sum of squares of two consecutive positive 5. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182?
integers is 613.
6. Ramu and Siva together have 45 marbles. Both of them lost 5
(x)2+(x+1)2=613
marbles each and the product of the number of marbles now they
x2+x2+2(x)(1)+(1)2=613 have is 124. Represent the situation in the form of quadratic
2x2+2x+1=613 equation to find out how many marbles they have previously?
2x2+2x=613–1 7. Find the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 28 meters
and area is 40 square meters?
2x2+2x–612=0
8. Find the two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
x2+x–306=0

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6. Progressions
𝑛
Important Concepts: 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]

To get 10/10 students should have a grip on these concepts and If first term is ‘a’, last term is 𝑎𝑛 and common difference ’d’
𝑛
is not given then 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
definitions.
1. Arithmetic Progression n-th term, sum of ‘n’ terms (2 or 4m. *Geometric Progression: A Geometric Progression (G.P.) is a list
questions to be asked) of numbers in which each term is obtained by multiplying preceding
term which a fixed number ‘r’ except first term. This fixed number
2. G.P. – nth term (2m. or 1m. questions to be asked) ‘r’ is called common ratio.
*Arithmetic Progression: An arithmetic progression (A.P.) is a list *General term of G.P.: Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘r’ is the
of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number common ratio of a G.P. then General term of that G.P. is 𝑎𝑛 =
to the preceding term except the first term. 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 . This is also called ‘n’th term of G.P.
This fixed number is called the common difference of the 1. Choose the correct answers satisfying the following statements :
A.P. Remember that it can be positive, negative or zero.
Statement(A) : The term ’ r ’ refers to common ratio in the formula
*General term of A.P.: Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ is the of nth term of a GP : an = a rn-1
common difference of an A.P. then General term of that A.P. is Statement(B) : Formula for the sum of ’ n ’ terms in an A.P. is 𝑆𝑛 =
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑. This is also called ‘n’th term of A.P. 𝑛
[𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
2
* Finite and Infinite A.P.s: If there are only a finite number of A) A is false, B is true B) A is true, B is false
terms then that A.P. is called Finite A.P. and it has last term. If C) Both A and B are true D) Both A and B are false
there are not a finite number of terms then it is called Infinite A.P. Ans. C
*Sum of ‘n’ terms of an A.P.: Let the first term of an A.P. is ‘a’,
common difference is ‘d’ and number of terms in that A.P. is ‘n’
then sum of ‘n’ terms

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2. In which progression are the perimeters of the triangle formed by Ans. 7,21,63, … or 3, 33, 9, … or any relevant answer.
joining the midpoints of sides of triangles successively in the given 9. The nth term of an A.P. is an = 3+2n then the common difference
figure? is 2. How?
Ans. Here a1=5, a2=7, a3=9. a2 – a1=a3 – a2=2.
Therefore common difference=2
10. If an = (n –1 )( n– 2) then a2 = 0. Justify.
Ans. a2 = (2 – 1)(2 – 2) = 1(0)=0
11. What is the 2020th term of –1, 1, –1, 1, ……
Ans. G.P.
Ans. –1
3. In an AP the 3rd term is 5 and 7th term is 9 then what is the
common difference.
Ans. d=1 One mark Questions:
4. The common difference in the A.P.: 2a – b, 4a –3b, 6a – 5b, … is
_____ 1. For the A.P. 1,4,7,10,13, . . . write common difference and 6th
Ans. 2a – 2b
5. 22nd term of the A.P. : 7, 4, 1, ….. is – 56. Is it true? Justify. term.
Ans. True. 7+21(–3)=7–63 = –56
6. If 2, x , 8 are in GP, what is the value of x. Solution: Given A.P. is 1,4,7,10,13, . . .
Ans.  4
7. Match the following. Then find correct answer of suitable Here first term 𝑎1 = 1, Second term 𝑎2 = 4 and third term
combination from the given below:
i) The common ration of the G.P. –3, –9, –27, . . . is 𝑎3 = 7
a) 7
ii) The next term of the A.P. 5, 2, –1, –4, . . . is Now 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 4 − 1 = 3; and 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 7 − 4 = 3
b) 3
iii) which term of the A.P.:18, 15, 12,…is equal to 0 is common difference d = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 3
c) –7
A) i-a, ii-b, iii-c B) i-b, ii-a, iii-c
6th term in the given AP is
C) i-b, ii-c, iii-a D) i-c, ii-b, iii-a
Ans. C 𝑎 6 = 𝑎5 + 𝑑 = 13 + 3 = 16
8. Which of the following is a G.P. with a common ratio 3 is

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−1 1 −1
2. Write G.P. if the first term a=5 and the common ratio is r=3 4. Find the common ratio of the G.P.1, 3
, 9 , 27 , . . .
Solution: Given first term a = 5
Solution: Given first term a = 1
We know that in G.P. every succeeding term is obtained by
−1
2nd term ar = 3
multiplying the preceding term with common ratio (here r=3).
1
2nd term = ar = 53=15 3rd term ar2 = 9

−1 1
3rd term = (ar).r = 153=45 a2 −1 a3 1 −3 −1
Here a1
= 3
1
= 3
and a2
= 9
−1 =9× 1
= 3
3
th 2
4 term = (ar ).r = 453=135
a a −1
Since a2 = a3 = 3
If we proceed in this way we get the G.P.: 5,15,45,135, . . . 1 2

−1
3. Write G.P. if a=1024 and r = 4
1  Common ratio (r) = 3

1
Solution: Given first term a = 1024 and common ratio r =
4
Additional Questions:
1
2nd term = ar = 1024  4 = 256 1. 1. For the following A.P.s write common difference and 6th term.

1 (i) 12,7,2, –3, –8, . . . (ii) –9, –7, –5, . . .

3rd term = (ar).r = 256  4 = 64

1
4th term = (ar2).r = 64  =8 Two Marks Questions:
4

1. Write first 4 terms of each of the following progressions whose nth

Thus, G.P. is 1024, 256, 64, 8, . . .
term is

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3𝑛−2
𝑎𝑛 =  (n – 1)(5) = 120
5

Solution:  (n – 1) = 24

3𝑛−2  n = 24 + 1 = 25
Given 𝑎𝑛 = 5

3(1)−2 3−2 1
Hence 25th term of the given progression is 124.
𝑎1 = 5
= 5
=5
3. How many terms are there in the progression 3,6,9,12, . . ., 111?
3(2)−2 6−2 4
𝑎2 = 5
= =5 Solution: First term in the A.P. is 𝑎1 = 3 and common difference
5
d=6 – 3=3.
3(3)−2 9−2 7
𝑎3 = 5
= 5
=5
nth term of the given progression = 111
3(4)−2 12−2 10
𝑎4 = = = =2
5 5 5  𝑎𝑛 = 111

2. Which term of the progression 4,9,14,19, . . . is 124?  𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 111

Solution: First term 𝑎1 = 4 and common difference d=9 – 4=5.

 3 + (n – 1)(3) = 111

Let 124 be nth term of the given progression. Then

 (n – 1)(3) = 108
𝑎𝑛 = 124
 (n – 1) = 36
 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 124
 n = 36 + 1 = 37
 4 + (n – 1)(5) = 124
Thus, the given progression contains 37 terms.

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4. Check whether, – 150 is a term of the A.P:11,8,5,2, . . . we have to find the sum of 20 terms. i.e. n = 20
𝑛
Solution: First term in the A.P. is 𝑎1 = 11 and common difference we have Sn = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]

d = 8 – 11 = –3. 20
Now S20 = [2(1) + (20 − 1)(3)]
2
nth term of the given progression –150
= 10[2+57] = 590

 𝑎𝑛 = −150 Hence, sum of 20 terms in the given A.P. is 590

 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = −150 6. If the nth term of an A.P. is (2n+1), find the sum of first ‘n’ terms
of the A.P.
 11 + (n – 1)( –3) = – 150 Solution: Given an = 2n+1

 (n – 1)( –3) = –161 Then first term a = a1 = 2.1+1 = 3

−161 161 Last term an = 2n + 1

 (n – 1) = −3
= 3
𝑛
Sn = 2 [𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
161 164
n= 3
+1= , it is not an integer 𝑛
3
= 2 [3 + 2𝑛 + 1]
Thus, (– 150) is not in the given progression. 𝑛
= [2n + 4]
2
5. Find the sum of 20 terms of the A.P. 1,4,7,10, . . . 𝑛
= [2(𝑛 + 2]
2
Solution: Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference
of the given A.P. Then = n(n+2)

we have a = 1 and d = 4 – 1 = 3 7. Find the sum of first 30 terms of the list of numbers whose nth
term is given by an =3+2n

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Solution: Given an =3+2n Solution: Since the penalty for each succeeding day is Rs.50 more
than for the preceding day. Therefore, amount of penalty for
a1 =3+2(1) = 5 different days forms an A.P. with first term a = 200 and common
a2 =3+2(2) = 7 difference d = 50. We have to find how much does a delay of 30
days cost the contractor? In other words, we have to find the sum of
a3 =3+2(3) = 9 30 terms of the A.P. So n = 30.

Common difference d = 7 – 5 = 2 𝑛
Sn = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑛
Sum of ‘n’ terms is Sn = 2 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 30
S30 = [2(200) + (30 − 1)(50)]
2
30
Sum of 30 terms is S30 = [2(5) + (30 − 1)(2)] = 15[400+1450]
2

= 15[10+58] =151850 = 27750

= 15(68) = 1020 Thus, a delay of 30 days will cost the contractor of
Rs.27,750/-
Hence sum of 30 terms in the given A.P. is 1020

8. A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of

completion beyond a certain date as follows: Rs.200 for the first Additional Questions:
day, Rs.250 for the second day, Rs.300 for the third day etc; the
1. Write first 4 terms of each of the following progressions whose nth
penalty for each succeeding day being Rs.50 more than for the
preceding day. How much does a delay of 30 days cost the term is
contractor?
𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2

Mensuration
* Surface areas and volumes of different shapes
Important Concepts:

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Name of l=slant
S. L.S.A. / Volum Nomen-
the T.S.A. height
No C.S.A. e clature
Shape
4
l=length 7 Sphere 4r2 4r2 3
r3 r=radius
b=breadt
1 Cuboid 2h(l+b) 2(lb+bh+lh) l.b.h
h Hemisph 2
8 2r2 3r2 3
r3 r=radius
h=height ere

2 Cube 4s2 6s2 s3 s=side

½ mark Questions:
Peri-
L.S.A.+2(are Area of
Regular meter of 1. What is the volume of an ice cream cone which is in the shape of
3 a of the end base x -
Prism base x cone having hemispherical shape on its top? Height of the cone is
surface) height
height twice its diameter.
r=radius Ans. 2r3.
Regular
of the 2. Lateral surface area of a cone of radius ‘r’ and slant height is ‘l’
4 circular 2rh 2r(r+h) r2h
base is______
cylinder
h=height Ans. rl
1
2
(peri-
1 3. Volume of a cylinder whose radius is ‘r’ and height is ‘h’ is _
meter of 3
area Ans. r2h
Right base)x L.S.A.+area of the 4. Lateral surface area of a cube whose side is 4cm. is __ sq.cm.
5 -
Pyramid slant of the base base x Ans. 96
height height 5. L.S.A. of a cuboid whose length, breadth and height are
5cmx4cmx3cm respectively is _____ sq.cm.
Name of Ans. 54
S. L.S.A. / Volum Nomen-
the T.S.A. 6. T.S.A. of a cube whose side is 5cm. is ___ sq.cm.
No C.S.A. e clature
Shape Ans. 150
r=radius 7. Draw a rough diagram for a cone surmounted on a cylinder.
Right
1 of the Ans.
6 circular rl r(l+r) 3
r2h
base
cone
h=hight,

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15. Find the volume of right circular cone with radius 3 cm and
height 7cm?
Ans. 66 sq.cm.
8. Write the principle to find the TSA of hemisphere. 16. Match the following
Ans. 3r2 Group A Group B
9. Assertion: The LSA and volume of a cube whose side is 4 cm.
are equal. 1. L.S.A. of hemisphere a. 4r2
Reason: The LSA and volume of a cube are always equal.
2. T.S.A. of hemisphere b. 2r2
A. Assertion is true B. Reason is true
C. Assertion is true and reason is the correct explanation of 3. T.S.A. of sphere c. 3r2
assertion.
D. Assertion is true and reason is not the correct explanation of A. 1 – a, 2 – b, 3 – c B. 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – c C.
1 – a, 2 – c, 3 – b D. 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – a
assertion.
Ans. D Ans. D
10. Area of a right prism is _________
Ans. L.S.A. is Perimeter of base x height and T.S.A. is L.S.A.+2(area of 17. The volume of two hemispheres are in the ratio 8:27, then the
the end surface) ratio of their radii is ____
11. Two spheres of radii ratio is 3 : 5 then the ratio of their surface Ans. 2 : 3
areas is _____ 18. Volume of a cube, whose side is 6cm is ______
Ans. 9 : 25 Ans. 216 cu.cm.
12. TSA of a brick whose measurements are 25cm x 12 cm x 10 cm.
is _______ 19. Match the following
Ans. 1340 sq.cm.
13. T.S.A. of a cube whose side is 6 cm. is ______ sq. cm. (i) C.S.A. of cone a. 2rh
Ans. 216 (ii) C.S.A. of cylinder b. 2r2
14. C.S.A. of hemisphere whose radius is 3.5 cm. is _______ sq. cm. (iii) C.S.A. of hemisphere c. rl
Ans. 77 A. i-c, ii-b, iii-a B. i-b, ii-c, iii-a C. i-
c, ii-a, iii-b D. i-a, ii-b, iii-c

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Ans. C Ans. 5:9

20. Total surface area of hemisphere with radius 1cm is _____. 27. In the above problem ratio between their volumes________.

Ans. 3π Ans. 10:27

21. 1m3=_____________litres. 28. The volume of spherical shell is_______________.

Ans. 1000 4
Ans. 3 𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑟 3 )
22. The ratio between the volumes of two spheres are in 27:8 then
29. The vertical cross section of cylinder is _____________.
the ratio between their radii_____________.
Ans. Rectangle
Ans. 3:2
30. The radius of a sphere is increased by 40% then the surface area
23. The ratio between surface areas of two cubes 4:9 then the ratio
is increased by_____________.
between their volumes_________________.
Ans. 96%
Ans. 8:27
31. The dimensions of a room are 12m, 7m, 5m then its diagonal
24. The area of the ground that can be leveled by a cylindrical roller
is_____.
of radius 1m and height 1m by making 14 rounds______________.
Ans. √218
Ans. 88m2
32. The volume of a cube with diagonal 5cm is __________.
25. The length of diagonal of a cube with side 2cm is_______.
Ans. 125cm3
Ans. 2√3
33. Total number of faces in a prism which has 12 edges is___.
26. The radii and height of two cylinders are in the ratio 2:3, 5:6
then the ratio between their curved surface Ans. 6
areas________________.

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34. The height of two cones are equal and radii of their bases are
1.5cm, 3cm then the ratio of their volumes_____________.
One mark questions:
Ans. 1:4 1. The volume of a sphere is 38808 cm3. Find its radius 2.
A cylinder and a cone have bases of equal radii and are equal
35. The maximum number of soaps of size 2cm×3cm×5cm that can heights. Show that their volumes are in the ratio 3:1
be kept in a cuboidal box of dimensions 6cm×3cm×15cm are 3. Write the principle to find the TSA of a cone and explain the
______. terms in it. 4.
A sphere inscribed in a cylinder. Is the surface area of the sphere
Ans. 9 equal to the curved surface area of cylinder? If yes, explain how?
5. Give two examples for spherical shapes in your daily life. 6.
36. The surface area of a sphere with diameter d is __________. If the Total surface area of a cube is numerically equal to its volume.
Find its Lateral surface area? 7.
Ans. πd2 Draw a rough diagram of a cone surmounted on a hemisphere whose
radii are equal. 8. Find the
37. The radius and height of cone are 6cm, 8cm then its slant height T.S.A of the sphere whose radius is 2.8 cm.
is __________.

Ans. 10cm
Two marsk questions:
38. If l,b,h are dimensions of a cuboid satisfying l+b+h = l×b×h then 1. A sphere, a cylinder and a cone are of the same radius and same
its Total surface area _______________. height. Find the ratio of their curved surface areas.
2. Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be cut
Ans. 22
out of a cube whose edge is 7 cm.
39. Number of faces that pentagonal prism has __________. 3. Metallic spheres of radius 6 cm., 8 cm. and 10 cm. respectively
are melted to form a single solid sphere. Find the radius of the
Ans. 7 resulting sphere.
40. Diagonal of a cube whose side is 6 cm is _____ cm. 4. A cubical block of side 7 cm. is surmounted by a hemisphere.
What is the greatest diameter of the hemisphere can have? Find the
Ans. √108 total surface area of the solid.

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5. The ratio of radius and height of a cylinder is 2:3 and the radius is = √5𝑟 2
24 cm. Find the volume? =√5r
6. Find the volume of a sphere of radius 4.2 cm? Ratio of curved surface areas of sphere, cylinder, cone
7. Write the formulae to find the volume and the total surface area of = 4πr2 : 2πrh : πrl
a hemisphere. 8. A
= 4πr2 : 2πr(2r) : πr(√5r)
solid iron rod has a cylindrical shape. Its height is 11 cm. and base
= 4πr2 : 4πr2 : √5πr2
diameter is 7 cm. Find the total volume of 50 mts? 9. Draw a
rough diagram to the following: A cylinder attached with two = 4 : 4 : √5
hemispheres at two ends of the cylinder. Radius of cylinder and 11. Three cubes of each side 4cm are joined to end to end. Find the
hemispheres are equal. Total surface area of cuboid?

Sol: Side of a cube = 4cm

Given three cubes are joined to end to end to form a cuboid.

∴ Length of cuboid = l = 3×4 = 12
Breadth = b = 4
Height = h = 4
10. A sphere, a cylinder, a cone are of same radius and same height. Total surface area of cuboid = 2(lb+bh+hl)
Find the ratio of their curved surface areas? = 2(12×4 + 4×4 +
4×12)
Sol: Let r be the common radius
= 2(48 + 16 + 48)
Height of sphere = 2r = 2 (112)
Height of cylinder h=2r = 224 cm2.
Height of cone h =2r
12. If the Total surface area of a cube is numerically equal to its
For, the cone slant height l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
volume. Find its Lateral surface area?
= √(2𝑟)2 + 𝑟 2
= √4𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 Sol: Let the edge of a cube = a

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Total surface area = 6a2 = 6×72

Volume = a3 = 6×49
Given, a3=6a2 = 294cm2
a3–6a2=0 Difference between their surface areas
a2(a–6)=0 = cube surface area – sphere surface area
a2=0 or a–6=0 = 294 – 154
a=0 or a=6 = 140 cm2.
a=0 is not possible
∴ a=6
14. The area of the base of a right cone is 154cm2 and its volume
Lateral surface area of cube = 4a2
308cm3 then find its height?
= 4(6)2
= 4(36) Sol: Let radius of the base = r
= 144 cm2.
Let the height = h
13. A large sphere of radius 3.5cm is carved from a cubical solid. Given, πr2 = 154 –––––1
Find the difference between their surface areas? 1
3
𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ = 308
Sol: Given, radius of sphere, r = 3.5cm 1
3
× 154 × ℎ = 308 [From 1]
3×308
Surface area of sphere = 4πr2 ℎ= 154
22
= 4× 7
×3.5×3.5 h=3×2
= 154cm2. h=6cm.

Given, this sphere is carved from cubical solid (maximum

sphere) 15. Find the volume of greatest right circular cone, which can be cut
∴ Side of cube = diameter of sphere from a cube of side 42cm?
a = 2×3.5
Sol: The side of cube = 42cm
a = 7cm
Surface area of cube = 6a2

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We have to cut out a largest right circular cone from this

cube
17. A largest possible cube is made from a wooden sphere of radius
∴ Diameter of cone 2r = 42
r = 21cm 3√3cm. Find the Total surface area of the cube?
Height of cone h = side of cube
Sol: Given, radius of sphere r = 6√3cm
h = 42cm
1
Volume of cone = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ Diameter 2r = 2×3√3=6√3cm
3
1 22 Let the side of cube = a
=3× 7
× 212 × 42
1 22 Diagonal of cube = √3𝑎
=3× 7
× 21 × 21 × 42
= 22×21×42 Given the largest possible cube is made from a
= 19404cm3. wooden sphere, then diagonal of cube is same as diameter of
sphere.
16. solid consists of three parts. The middle part is right cylinder and
one side of it there is a hemisphere of the same radius and another √3𝑎 = 6√3
side there is a cone of same radius. Draw the rough sketch for this a=6
information. Total surface area of cube = 6a2
= 6(6)2
Sol: = 6(36)
= 216 cm2.
18. The volume of Hemisphere is 18πcm3. What is its total surface
area?

Sol: Let the radius of hemisphere = r

Given volume of hemisphere = 18π

2
∴ 𝜋𝑟 3 = 18𝜋
3
3 3
𝑟 = 18 × 2

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r3 = 27
r = 3cm
Total surface area of Hemisphere = 3πr2
21. The side of a cube equals to radius of the sphere. Find ratio of
= 3 π (3)2
their volumes.
= 3 π (9)
= 27πcm2. Sol: Given cube side = sphere radius
19. A right cylinder and right cone, a hemisphere have same height Let radius of sphere = r
and having same base radius. Find the ratio between their volumes? Side of cube = r
4
2 1 2 2 3 Ratio of their volumes = 𝑎3 ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟 3
Sol: Ratio of their volumes = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟
4
= 𝑟 3 ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟 3
1 2
= 𝜋𝑟 2 (𝑟) ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟 2 (𝑟) ∶ 𝜋𝑟 3 = 3 : 4π
3
22
3 1 2 =3 ∶4×
3 3 7
= 𝜋𝑟 ∶ 3 𝜋𝑟 ∶ 𝜋𝑟
3 = 21:88
1 2
=1∶3∶3 22. The Total surface area of a cube is
50
𝑚2 then find its side?
3

=3:1:2 Sol: Let the side of cube = a

20. A sphere circumscribes a right cylinder. Draw the rough sketch 50
Given, 6𝑎2 =
for this. 3
50 1
𝑎2 = 3
×6
Sol: 25
𝑎2 = 9
25
𝑎=√
9
5
𝑎 = 3 𝑐𝑚

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