[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA

NAME : ……………………… CLASS : ………………………

TOPIC 3 : SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

[ Paper 2, Part A ~ 1 question  5 – 8 marks ]
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3.1 Systems of linear equations in three variables

3.1.1 Describe systems of linear equations in three variables.
==========================================================================================================================================

1 Mark  if the equations are system of linear equations in three variable. If not, mark  .

Answer :

q
a ( 5 + 2b) = 1  c2 k + 2m = 8 3(p + ) = q + 4r 3x + 2(y  z) = 7
6
2a + c = b 5m = n + 9 xy = 3y + 5z
r + 6q = 2
a  b + 5c  7 = 0 nk+7= 0 7q = 2p + 9r  1 4x  z + 3y = 5

MIND think :
 The characteristics of systems of liner equation in three variable :

 each linear equation has variable.

 the highest power of each variable is .

variable.

==========================================================================================================================================

3.1.2 Solve systems of linear equations in three variables.

==========================================================================================================================================

2 Using the GeoGebra software, determine the type of solution for the following systems of linear equations in
three variable.

Answer :

4x + 8y + 2z = 14
The planes intersect
2x  4y + z = 2 one solution along a straight line
x  2y + 0.5z = 1.5

x  y  3z = 6
The planes do not
2x + y + z = 3 infinite solutions
intersect at any point
x + 2y + 2z = 1

4x  7y + 2z = 6
The planes intersect
x  2y = 4 no solution
at only one point
2x  3y + 2z = 2
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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3 (a) Solve the system of linear equations using the elimination method :

x  3y + z = 2
4x  4y + z = 7
2x + y  3z = 4

(Ans : x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :

MIND think :
 steps in solution : using elimination method
(1) rearrange all the equations in the form, ax + by + cz = d.
(2) do the first elimination.  NOTE : same sign (  ) , different sign ( + )
(3) do the second elimination. ~ obtained the value of the first variable.
(4) substitute the value of first variable into any equations in (2) to get the value of second variable.
(5) substitute the values of first and second variable into any equations in (1) to get the value of third variable.
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(b) Solve the system of linear equations using the substitution method :

x  3y + z = 2
4x  4y + z = 7
2x + y  3z = 4

(Ans : x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :

MIND think :
 steps in solution : using substitution method
(1) choose one equation, express one of the variables as subject  example : x in terms of y and z
(2) substitute it into the others two equations, and express both equations into same subject.
 example : y in terms of z
(3) substitute the equations in (2), to each others ~ obtained the value of the first variable.
(4) substitute the value of first variable into any equations in (2) to get the value of second variable.
(5) substitute the values of first and second variable into equation in (1) to get the value of third variable.
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(c) Solve the system of linear equations using Gauss elimination :

x  3y + z = 2
4x  4y + z = 7
2x + y  3z = 4

(Ans : x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :

MIND think :

steps in solution :
using Gauss elimination
ax  by  cz  d
ex  fy  gz  h
px  qy  rz  s

a b c d
 
e f g h
p q r s 


1 X X X
 
 X X X X 
X X X X 


 1 X X X
 
0 X X X
0 X X X 


1 X X X
 
0 1 X X
0 X X X 


1 X X X
 
0 1 X X
0 0 X X 

[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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4 (a) Solve the system of linear equations using the elimination method :

2x + 2y  z = 0
4y  z = 1
x  2y + z = 2

(Ans : x = 2, y = 5 and z = 9) [6 marks]

2
[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(b) Solve the system of linear equations using the substitution method :

2x + 2y  z = 0
4y  z = 1
x  2y + z = 2

(Ans : x = 2, y = 5 and z = 9) [6 marks]

2
[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(c) Solve the system of linear equations using Gauss elimination :

2x + 2y  z = 0
4y  z = 1
x  2y + z = 2

(Ans : x = 2, y = 5 and z = 9) [6 marks]

2
[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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5 (a) Solve the system of linear equations using the elimination method :

2x + y  3z = 1
3x  y  4z = 7
5x + 2y  6z = 5

(Ans : x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(b) Solve the system of linear equations using the substitution method :

2x + y  3z = 1
3x  y  4z = 7
5x + 2y  6z = 5

(Ans : x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(c) Solve the system of linear equations using Gauss elimination :

2x + y  3z = 1
3x  y  4z = 7
5x + 2y  6z = 5

(Ans : x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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6 Solve the system of linear equations :

x  y + 2z = 3
3x  2y + z = 6
4x + z = 11

(Ans : x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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7 Solve the system of linear equations :

3x + y  2z = 7
x  3y + 5z = 10
4x  2y + 3z = 1

(Ans : x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3) [6 marks]

[Forecast]

Answer :
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3.1.3 Solve problems involving systems of linear equations in three variables.

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8 Three students went to a bookshop to buy rulers, markers and pen. The items bought and amount spent are
shown in the following table.

Number of Number of Number of Amount paid

Students
rulers markers pens (RM)
Lea 2 3 4 11
Melvin 4 3 1 10
Mclarence 1 2 4 8

Find the price, in RM, of a ruler, a marker an a pen.

(Ans : ruler = 0.40, marker = 2.60, pen = 0.60) [7 marks]
[Forecast]

Answer :
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9 Product X, Y, Z are assembled from three components A, B, C according to different proportions. Each
product X consists of two components of A, four components of B, and one component of C; each product
of Y consists three components of A, three components of B, and two components of C; each product of Z
consists of four components of A, one component of B, and four component of C. A total of 750
components of A, 1000 components of B, and 500 components of C are used.
Find the number of products of X, Y, and Z assembled. (Ans : X = 200, Y = 50, Z = 50)
[7 marks]
[Forecast]
Answer :
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10 Two groups of workers have their drinks at a stall. The first group comprising ten workers have five cups of
tea, two cups of coffee and three glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM11.80. The second group of six
workers have three cups of tea, a cup of coffee and two glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM7.10. The
cost of a cup of tea and three glasses of fruit juice is the same as the cost of four cups of coffee.
Find the cost, in RM, of each drink. (Ans : tea = 1, coffee = 1.30, fruit juice = 1.40)
[7 marks]
[Forecast]
Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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11 A factory assembles three types of toys Q, R and S. The total time taken to assemble one unit of R and one
unit of S exceeds the time taken to assemble two units of Q by 8 minutes. One unit of Q, two units of R
and one unit of S take 31 minutes to assembled. The time taken to assemble two units of Q, one unit of R
and three units of S is 48 minutes.
(a) If x, y and z represent the time, in minutes, taken to assemble each unit of toys Q, R and S
respectively, write a system of linear equations to represent the above information.
(b) Hence, find the time taken to assemble each type of toy. (Ans : x = 5, y = 8, z = 10)
[7 marks]
[Forecast]
Answer :
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12 A fruit stall sells three types of fruits, oranges, apples and pineapples. The monthly cost being RM6850 for
2150 of fruits. The cost for an orange, an apple and a pineapples are RM2, RM3 and RM4 respectively.
The sale price of an orange, an apple and a pineapples are RM3, RM4.50 and RM5.50 respectively.
If the fruit stall want makes a monthly profit of RM2975, find the minimum number of fruits of each type
which has to sell. (Ans : orange = 500, apple = 750, pineapple = 900)
[7 marks]
[Forecast]
Answer :
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3.2 Simultaneous equations involving one linear equation and one non-linear equation
3.2.1 Solve simultaneous equations involving one linear equation and one non-linear equation.
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13 (a) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method :

x  3y + 4 = 0 , x2 + xy  40 = 0.

(Ans : x = 6, y =  23 and x = 5, y = 3) [5 marks]

[2008, No.1]

Answer :

NOTE :
 (a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
2

 (a  b)2 = a2  2ab + b2
 (a + b) (a  b) = a2  b2

MIND think :
 steps in solving simultaneous equations : using substituition method
(1) From the linear equation, an unknown is expressed in terms of the other unknown.
(2) Suistituted (1) into the non-linear equation to form a quadratic equation.
(3) Arranged the quadratic equation in general form : ax2 + bx + c = 0
(4) Simplify and solve the quadratic equation by using :
~ factorization / calculator - CASIO fx-570MS, CANON F-570SG, OLYMPIA ES-570MS . . .
 mode ; mode ; mode ; 1 ;  ; 2 ;
 key in value a = ; key in value b = ; key in value c = ;
 x1 , x2 (if x only  x1 = x2 )
(5) Obtain the values of other unknows by substituting the x1 and x2 into (1).
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(b) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the elimination method :

x  3y + 4 = 0 , x2 + xy  40 = 0.

(Ans : x = 6, y =  23 and x = 5, y = 3) [5 marks]

[2008, No.1]

Answer :

MIND think :
 steps in solving simultaneous equations : using elimination method
(1) Arranged both equation in general form.
(2) Form quadratic equation :
(i) in terms of x  eliminate y
(ii) in terms of y  eliminate x
(3) Simplify and solve the quadratic equation by using :
~ factorization / calculator - CASIO fx-570MS, CANON F-570SG, OLYMPIA ES-570MS . . .
 mode ; mode ; mode ; 1 ;  ; 2 ;
 key in value a = ; key in value b = ; key in value c = ;
 x1 , x2 (if x only  x1 = x2 )
(4) Obtain the values of other unknows by substituting the x1 and x2 into linear equation.
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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14 (a) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the substitution method :

x
x  4y = 9 , 3y2 = 7  .
2

Give your answers correct to two decimal places.

(Ans : x = 11.56, y = 0.64 and x = 3.76, y = 1.31)
[5 marks]
[Forecast]

Answer :

MIND think :
 steps in solving simultaneous equations : using substituition method
(1) From the linear equation, an unknown is expressed in terms of the other unknown.
(2) Suistituted (1) into the non-linear equation to form a quadratic equation.
(3) Arranged the quadratic equation in general form : ax2 + bx + c = 0.
(4) Simplify and solve the quadratic equation by using :
b  b 2  4 ac
~ formula  x = 2a
(5) Obtain the values of other unknows by substituting the x1 and x2 into (1).
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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(b) Solve the following simultaneous equations using the elimination method :

x
x  4y = 9 , 3y2 = 7  .
2

Give your answers correct to two decimal places.

(Ans : x = 11.56, y = 0.64 and x = 3.76, y = 1.31) [5 marks]
[Forecast]
Answer :

MIND think :
 steps in solving simultaneous equations : using elimination method
(1) Arranged both equation in general form.
(2) Form quadratic equation :
(i) in terms of x  eliminate y
(ii) in terms of y  eliminate x
(3) Simplify and solve the quadratic equation by using :
b  b 2  4 ac
~ formula  x = 2a

(4) Obtain the values of other unknows by substituting the x1 and x2 into linear equation.
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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 Part A ~ 1 ( using factorisation / calculator )

15 Solve the simultaneous equations 4x + y = 8 and x2 + x  y = 2.
(Ans : x = 3, y = 4 and x = −2, y = 0) [5 marks]
[2003, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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1
16 Solve the simultaneous equations x + y = 1 and y2  10 = 2 x.
2
(Ans : x = 3, y = 4 and x = − 12 , y = 3) [5 marks]
[2005, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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17 Solve the following simultaneous equations :

2x  y  3 = 0 , 2x2  10x + y + 9 = 0.

(Ans : x = 1, y = 1 and x = 3, y = 3) [5 marks]

[2007, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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18 Solve the simultaneous equations :

3x + y = 1 , 5x2 + y2 + 4xy  5 = 0

(Ans : x = 1, y = 4 and x = 2, y = 5) [5 marks]

[2012, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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 forecast

19 Solve the simultaneous equations 4x + y = x2 + x  y = 3.

(Ans : x = 3, y = 9 and x = 2, y = 5) [5 marks]

Answer :
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x y 4 3 4
20 Solve the simultaneous equations   2  0 and   0.
4 3 x y 3

(Ans : x = 6, y = 3
2
and x = 4, y = 9) [5 marks]

Answer :
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2 3 1
21 Given that (2k, 3p) is a solution of the simultaneous equations x  2y = 8 and   . Find the value
x 2y 2
of k and the value of p.
(Ans : k = 1, p = −1 and k = 8, p = 43 ) [5 marks]

Answer :
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 Part A ~ 2
22 Solve the simultaneous equations p  m = 2 and p2 + 2m = 8.
Give your answers correct to three decimal places.
(Ans : m = 0.606, p = 2.606 and m = −6.606, p = 4.606) [5 marks]
[2004, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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23 Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + y = 1 and 2x2 + y2 + xy = 5.

Give your answer correct to three decimal places.
(Ans : x = 1.443 , y = 1.886 and x = 0.693 , y = 2.386) [5 marks]
[2006, No.1]

Answer :
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24 Solve the simultaneous equations k  3p = 1 and p + pk  2k = 0.

Give your answers correct to three decimal places.
(Ans : k = 3.731, p = 1.577 and k = 0.269, p = 0.423) [5 marks]
[2009, No.1]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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25 Solve the simultaneous equations x  2y = 7 and xy  x = 9y.

Give your answers correct to two decimal places.
(Ans : x = 4.76, y = 1.12 and x = 13.24 , y = 3.12) [5 marks]
[2010, No.1]

Answer :
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26 Solve the simultaneous equations y  2x + 1 = 0 and 4x2 + 3y2  2xy = 7.

Give your answers correct to three decimal places.
(Ans : x = 1.129 , y = 1.258 and x = 0.295, y =1.590) [5 marks]
[2011, No.1]

Answer :
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3 2
27 Solve the simultaneous equation x + 2y = 1 and   5 . Give your answer correct to three decimal
x y
places.
(Ans : x = 0.284, y = 0.358 dan x = 2.116, y = 0.558) [5 marks]
[2019, No.1]

Answer :
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==========================================================================================================================================

3.1.2 Solve problems involving simultaneous equations ; one linear equation and one non-linear
equation.
==========================================================================================================================================

 problems solving
28 Adam planted vegetables on a piece of land. The shape of the land is a right angled triangle. Given the
longest side of the land is y metre. The other two sides of the land are x metre and (2x  1) metre
respectively. He fenced the land with 40 metre of barbed wire.
Find the length, in metre, of each side of the land. (Ans : 8, 15, 17)
[7 marks]
[2016, No.3]
Answer :
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29 The diagram shows the plan of a rectangular garden PQRS. The garden consists of a semicircular pond PTS
and grassy area PQRST.

P Q

S R

It is given that SR = 6y metre and QR = 7x metre, x  y. The area of the rectangular garden PQRS is
168 metre2 and the perimeter of the grassy area is 60 metre. The pond with uniform depth contains
22
15.4 metre3 of water. By using  = , find the depth, in metre, of water in the pond. (Ans : 0.45)
7
[7 marks]
[2018, No.4]
Answer :
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 forecast

30 The sum of two numbers is 9 and the sum of the squares of the numbers is 53. Find the product of the
numbers. (Ans : 14)
[6 marks]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
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31 Fernandez bought x number of chickens and y number of ducks for RM208. Given that the total number of
chickens and ducks are 20, and the price for each chicken and duck are RMx and RMy respectively, where
y > x. Find the value of x and the value of y. (Ans : x = 8, y = 12)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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32 A piece of wire, 52 cm in length is cut into two different lengths. Each part of the wire is bent to form a
rectangle as shown in the diagram.

x cm
y cm

If the sum of the area for the both squares is 89 cm 2, find the values of x and of y. (Ans : x = 5, y = 8)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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33 Given that the different of the circumferences of the two circles is 4 cm and the sum of their areas is 52
cm2. Find the radius of each circle. (Ans : 4, 6)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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34 A piece of wire in shape of a circle with radius 14 cm is bent to form a rectangle with sides (2y + 20) cm long
(x + 10) cm wide. Given that the area of rectangle is 420 cm2, find the values of x and the value of y.
(Ans : x =4, y = 5 and x = 20, y = −3) [6 marks]

Answer :
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35 The perimeter of a rectangle is 36 cm and the square of its diagonal is 170 cm2. Find the length and width of
the rectangle. (Ans : 7, 11)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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36 The diagram shows a rectangular plank.

3x cm

y cm

A worker wants to cut the plank into two triangular planks. The perimeter of each triangular plank is 24 cm
and the measurement of the longest side of the triangle is (x + y) cm. Calculate the area, in cm2, of the
plank. (Ans : 48)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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37 The diagram shows a mirror in the shape of a rectangle placed on a table in the shape of a circle.

If the perimeter of the rectangle and the diameter of the circle are 44 cm and 340 cm respectively, find the
length and width of the rectangle. (Ans : length = 18, width = 4)
[6 marks]

Answer :
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38 A piece of wire, 32 cm in length is bent to form a trapezium PQRS as shown in the diagram, where
PQR = SRQ = 90, PQ = y cm, QR = 2x cm, RS = 12 cm and PS = 10 cm .

Q y cm P

10 cm
2x cm

R 12 cm S

Find the value of x and of y. (Ans : x = 3, y = 4)

[6 marks]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
48

39 Hafizie has a rectangle plot of land. He planted paddy and yam in the area such as the diagram shown below.

ym

Yam
xm

Paddy 5m

15 m

The plantation of yam is in the shape of rectangle. Given that the area of land planted with paddy is 115 m2
and the perimeter of land planted with yam is 24 m. Find the area of land planted with yam. (Ans : 35 m2)
[6 marks]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
49

40 The diagram shows a prism with a uniform cross section in the shape of right-angled triangle.

x cm 5 cm

2x cm

y cm

Given that the height of the prism is 2x cm. If the total length of the its sides and the total surface area of the
prism are 42 cm and 84 cm2 respectively, find
(a) the values of x and y, where both are not whole numbers, (Ans : x = 2 54 , y = 4 54 )
(b) the volume of the prism. (Ans : 37 17295 )
[7 marks]

Answer :
[ JABATAN PENDIDIKAN SABAH ] [ ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4 ] - ALGEBRA
50

41 A closed rectangular box has a square base. Given that the total length of its sides is 76 cm and the total
surfaces area of the box is 238 cm2. Find the length of the base and the height of the box.
(Ans : x = 137 , y = 233 and x = 7, y = 5) [6 marks]

Answer :