Mengistie D, J Nutr Food Sci 3: 015

Review Article Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences

Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell

Dejenie Mengistie*
Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract *Corresponding author: Dejenie Mengistie, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, E-mail:
In vitro meat production is the production of meat outside the dejeniebiot2006@gmail.com
food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals
Received Date: May 06, 2020
using scientific innovations and technological advancements. The
production involves two techniques, self-organize and scaffolding Accepted Date: May 19, 2020
techniques. The aim of this review is to provide scientific informa-
tion about lab-growing meat production from stem cells within the Published Date: May 25, 2020
bioreactor, and to see their advantage, disadvantage, and future Citation: Mengistie D (2020) Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell. J Nutr
prospects. Many issues arise on the conventional meat production Food Sci 3: 015.
like (excessively brutal slaughter of food animals, nutrition-related
diseases, meat quality, food borne illnesses, resource use, antibi- Copyright: © 2020 Mengistie D. This is an open-access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
otic-resistant pathogen strains, and massive emissions of methane
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source
that contribute to global warming), from animal rights activists. A are credited.
condition in vitro meat production system is controlled and manip-
ulatable, it will be feasible to produce design, chemically safe and
disease-free meat on a sustainable basis. Despite technical chal- in artificial medium on large scale from farm animal stem cells. Loose
lenges most companies are trying to produce their own versions of myosatellite produced from embryo and muscle biopsy exposed by
lab-growing meat. Even though the production cost, the public ac- enzyme and culturing loose myosatellite cells on a substrate, it is
ceptance, and huge funds are to a great extent required for further one way of to produce cultured meat by harvesting mature muscle
research in the field are the challenge of cultured meat to become cells after differentiation and processing them into various meat prod-
commercially feasible. ucts [3]. Starting cells for meat production could be taken from live
Keyword: Bioreact; Culture meat animals’ biopsy or animal embryos and then put into a culture me-
dia where they start to proliferate and grow, independently from the
Introduction animal. Production of in vitro meat for comminuted and processed
meat products, such as sausages, burgers, and nuggets will be easier to
World population is rapidly increasing day to day and also meat develop and the process take place in bioreactor [4].
consumption increases by the same rate. Scientist’s trying to solve this
problem by developing lab-growing meat technology from stem cells In vitro meat is an alternative to conventional meat because meat
without animal rearing and slaughter. World Agriculture Towards has enjoyed and is still enjoying great popularity, consumers’ concern
2030/2050 Food Agriculture Development Organization (FAO) pro- regarding these issues have risen during the past years [5]. Therefore,
jections indicate that world population will be increased by more than the objective this review is:
two billion people from today’s levels, reaching 9.15 billion by 2050 so
• To provide scientific information about meat production from
in vitro meat is an alternative [1]. Worldwide meat production mech-
stem cell, advantages, challenges and prospective.
anism up-to date uses a number of animals in each year into a food are
associated with ethical concerns and are highly criticized for being in- Stem Cells
humane [2]. Lab-grown meat is the newest addition to the area called
cellular agriculture and many countries and researchers doesn’t give Stem cells are unspecialized cells with self-renewal capacity. They
attention up-to-date. Technological advancements like computational can divide through mitosis limitlessly to renew other cell sorts of mul-
simulation highly support cellular agriculture to produce structured ticellular living beings all through their life. After stem cell division,
products. Cellular agriculture is the mechanism of removing cells each newly created cell can either stay as a stem cell or separate to
from an animal’s tissue and aseptically placing those cells into a con- create any other cell sort with more characterized capacities, such as
trolled environment, and growing those cells. muscle cell, blood cell, or neural cell. Beneath extraordinary circum-
stances, separation of stem cells can too be initiated to produce tis-
Meat production from stem cells is the science that secures meat sue or organ particular cell sorts with extraordinary capacities. There
shortage and solves the problem of environmental contamination are basically two sorts of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are
through animal waste and also protects human health from meat determined from embryos, and substantial or grown-up stem cells,
borne disease. Edible animal tissues can be produced by the culturing which are undifferentiated cell dwelling in a tissue or organ at the side
through tissue engineering and computational simulation techniques of other separated cells (Figure 1) [6].
from stem cells and grow in the laboratory say that in-vitro meat. In
other words cultured (lab-growing/artificial or synthetic) meat [2]. Unique properties of all stem cells
The techniques required to produce lab-growing meat are not over Stem cells differ from other types of cells in the body. All stem cells
the human practice; this simply involves the culturing of muscle tissue regardless of their source have three general properties:
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Citation: Mengistie D (2020) Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell. J Nutr Food Sci 3: 015.

1. They are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long pe- and can differentiate to yield some or all of the major specialized cell
riods. types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of adult stem cells in
2. They are unspecialized. a living organism are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they
are found [8].
3. They can give rise to specialized cell types.
Differences between stem cells and somatic cells
Adult stem cells reside along with somatic cells in many tissues and
organs, including peripheral blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, skel-
etal muscle, teeth, skin, gut, liver, ovary, testis, brain, and heart. They
are present in a small number and located in a specific area of each
tissue called ‘stem cell niche’. Unlike somatic cells, stem cells can be in
an inactive, no dividing state for a long time until they are activated
by certain internal or external signals, such as tissue injury or dis-
eased conditions. Adult stem cells can undergo normal differentiation
pathways to give rise to specialized cells of the tissue wherein they are
located. Some examples of stem cell differentiation into specialized
somatic cells are as follows:
Figure 1: Stem cell differentiation, (source: https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1. Hematopoietic stem cells: Differentiate into all types of blood cells,
htm). including Red Blood Cells (RBC), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes,
neutrophils, basophiles, eosinophil’s, monocytes, natural killer cells,
While differentiating, the cell usually goes through several stages, and macrophages.
becoming more specialized at each step. Scientists are just beginning
to understand the signals inside and outside cells that trigger each Mesenchymal stem cells: Also known as bone marrow stromal stem
step of the differentiation process. The internal signals are controlled cells, differentiate into different cell types, including bone cells, carti-
by a cell’s genes, which are interspersed across long strands of DNA, lage cells, fat cells, and stromal cells, that regulate blood production.
and carry coded instructions for all cellular structures and functions. Neural stem cells: Neural stem cells are present in the brain and can
The external signals for cell differentiation include chemicals secret- differentiate into three major brain cell types namely neurons (nerve
ed by other cells, physical contact with neighboring cells, and certain cells), astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte.
molecules in the microenvironment. The interaction of signals during
differentiation causes the cell’s DNA to acquire epigenetic marks that Epithelial stem cells: Epithelial stem cells are present in the epithelial
restrict DNA expression in the cell and can be passed on through cell lining of the gastrointestinal tract and can differentiate into different
division [7]. cell types, including absorptive cells, goblet cells, and enter endocrine
cells.
Embryonic stem cells
Skin stem cells: Skin stem cells are of two types: epidermal stem cells
Embryonic stem cells, as their name suggests, are derived from that are found in the basal layer of the epidermis and can differentiate
embryos. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that into keratinocytes; And follicular stem cells that is found at the base
develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro-in an in vitro fer- of hair follicles and can differentiate into both follicular cells and ke-
tilization for research purposes with informed consent of the donors ratinocytes.
(Figure 2).
Normal differentiation pathways of adult stem cells
In a living animal, adult stem cells are available to divide for a
long period, when needed, and can give rise to mature cell types that
have characteristic shapes and specialized structures and functions
of a particular tissue. The following are examples of differentiation
pathways of adult stem cells (Figure 3).

Figure 2: Embryonic stem cell differentiation, (source: https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/

basics/3.htm). Figure 3: Normal differentiation of adult stem cell, (source:https://stemcells.nih.gov/
info/basics/4.htm).
Adult stem cells
Stem cell and their function
An adult stem cell is thought to be an undifferentiated cell, found
among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ that can renew itself Stem cells are undifferentiated cells from which other cells orig-

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© Mengistie D, 2020
Citation: Mengistie D (2020) Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell. J Nutr Food Sci 3: 015.

inate. Stem cells have the ability either to divide indefinitely or to tissue culture system [13]. Cultured muscle tissue from the common
differentiate into other cell types. Their ability to differentiate varies. goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Petri dishes using special media and
Some stem cells differentiate only into cells of certain tissues, while aiming to explore the possibilities of culturing animal muscle protein
others can differentiate into many cell types. Stem cells are grouped for long term space flights or habituation of space stations. A test-pan-
according to their ability to differentiate and their origin. The stem cell el judged these processed explants and agreed that the product was
that is most able to differentiate is the fertilized ovum. It is the origin acceptable as food [14].
of all tissue types and the developing human body. Other stem cells -
embryonic, fetal and adult stem cells -are much more limited in their As projected by the first in vitro Meat Symposium in 2008 held in
ability to differentiate [7]. as, Norway, the first commercial in vitro meat products will be avail-
able in the next 5 to 10 years at prices competitive with European beef
Stem cells are divided based on source into two categories of em- (~$5,200-$5,500 per ton or 3,300 to 3,500euros) use in high efficiency
bryonic and adult. In another case based on potency categorization of bioreactor [15].
stem cells are divided into Totipotent, Multipotent and Unipotent
cells. They are vital to the development, growth, maintenance, and August 2013 in London Professor Mark Post of Maastricht Univer-
repair of our brains, bones, muscles, nerves, blood, skin, and other sity unveiled the world’s first Cultured Beef burger made from bovine
organs. Stem cells are found in all of us, from the early stages of human stem cells cocked on Riverside Studios was tested. The burger con-
development to the end of life. Stem cell research holds tremendous tained a five-ounce burger patty produced by using laboratory grown
promise for the development of novel therapies for many serious dis- beef worth more than $330 000. It took only three months to grow the
eases and injuries. Like various blood diseases has been studied (such beef in the laboratory, using stem cells harvested from a cow’s shoul-
as lymphoblastic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, thalassemia, multiple der. He said that according to his work he would expect to see cultured
myeloma and sickle cell anemia), and other cell therapy in treat- meats in every supermarket in 10 to 20 years the production cost of
ment of Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, burger will be 1$ [16].
Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Radiation Induced In- In the wake of the plummeting legitimacy of factory farming, in
testinal Injury, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Liver Disease, Duchenne vitro meat may very well be a feasible vehicle for both the ethical and
Muscular Dystrophy, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Bone Disease, Renal pragmatic demobilization of the factory farming industry. Hailed by
Disease, Chronic Wounds, Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Sepsis and animal activists and meat experts alike as “victimless meat,” in vitro
Respiratory diseases. The scope of potential stem cell-based therapies meat bypasses the moral ramifications of standard meat production,
has expanded in recent years due to advances in stem cell research avoiding animal death entirely by typically removing cells from the
[9]. Alopecia areata is one of the most common autoimmune diseases donor animal via biopsy and cultivating cells in medium containing
and targets the hair follicles, with high impact on the quality of life mushroom extract rather than animal blood serum [17].
and self-esteem of patients due to hair loss. Clinical management and
outcomes are challenged by current limited immunosuppressive and Mechanism of production
immune-modulating regimens [10].
Tissue Engineering is a pioneering field and bioreactors have an
In other than clinical use stem cells are used for meat production important role in creating the ideal environment for the generation
using muscle stem cells or mayo satellite stem cells based on tissue cul- of a particular new tissue. Requirements of in vitro meat production
ture. Cell culture is a capital venture or vital technique for understand- are Firstly; a cell source is required that can proliferate indefinitely
ing the structure and function of cells, in recent times it has very good and also differentiate into functional skeletal muscle tissue. Secondly,
implications in biotechnology. Cultured animal cells are commercially these cells need to be embedded in a three-dimensional matrix that
used for the production of interferon, vaccines and clinical materials allows for muscle growth, while keeping the delivery of nutrients and
like growth hormones and also development of viable substitutes that release of waste products undisturbed and lastly, muscle cells need to
restore the function of damaged tissues and organs [11]. be conditioned adequately in a bioreactor to get mature, functional
History of Culture Meat muscle fibers for processing to various meat products. And For the
growth of any substance, an affordable medium is required. Such
The concept of in-vitro meat for human consumption was ideal- complete nutrients must be supplied because the digestive system is
ly written by Churchill before 100 years back and 1932 published in not available. Deserve dignity for Benjaminson and others succeed-
book of thought and adventures. However, it was predicted long back ed in using a serum-free medium made from mushroom extract that
by a writer and Conservative politician Frederick Edwin Smith, 1st achieved higher rates of growth than fetal bovine serum [14].
Earl of Birkenhead, who predicted that “It will no longer be necessary
to go to the extravagant length of rearing a bullock in order to eat its Cell source
steak. From one “parent” steak of choice tenderness it will be possible
to grow as large and as juicy a steak as can be desired” [12]. The best sources of stem cells are adult and embryonic stem cells.
Stem cells from embryos can be isolated from 5-7-day-old blastocysts.
Willem Van Eelen of the Netherlands independently had the idea Adult stem cells can be found in the human body, but sufficient quan-
of using tissue culture for the generation of in vitro meat in the early tities of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes can only be isolated
1950s and his idea was to start the new technology of meat production from bone marrow. But for the meat production purpose is muscle
from stem cells. It took until 1999 before van Eelen’s theoretical idea cell or my satellite stem cell. An adult stem cell is an undifferentiated
was patented as the concept of stem cells and in vitro culture of cells cell found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ, can renew it-
was yet to emerge.
self and can differentiate to yield the major specialized cell types of the
Harvested muscle biopsies from frogs and kept these tissues alive tissue or organ. The primary roles of adult stem cells in a living organ-
and growing in culture dishes +and to introduce the new biological ism are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found [18].

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During culture meat production satellite cell isolation is the first

work. The methodology employed to isolate and culture satellite cells
in vitro can critically determine the fusion of myoblasts into multi-
nucleated myotubes. Hence, a simple method of muscle satellite cell
isolation and culture of different vertebrate species that can result in
a high fusion rate is highly desirable and the cell culture conditions,
excellent fusion rates were achieved in the duck, chicken, horse and
cow (with more than 50% cell fusion) [19].

Three-dimensional matrix Figure 4: Bioreactor design the different design approaches for an in vitro meat pro-
duction system can be roughly divided into scaffold/cell culture based and self-orga-
nizing/tissue culture techniques.
It is the hard material in micro or Nano level used for supporting
the differentiation of stem cells into muscle fiber and also to produce
Self-organizing in vitro meat production may hold the promise to
the wanted product. Matrices can be divided into randomly orientat-
produce the highly structured meats as the explants contain all the
ed scaffolds and matrices with a certain alignment. Commonly used
tissues which make up meat in the right proportions and seems like in
matrices with random orientation, like gels and sponges, can be used
vivo situation. The Self organizing technique helps to create structured
for a variety of tissues. However, in case of skeletal muscle this tis-
meat i.e. meat produced will have a well-defined 3-D structure, just
sue naturally consists of bundles of highly oriented muscle fibers in
as the natural conformation of meat. The same can be achieved using
an extracellular 3D matrix to form an organized tissue with high cell
the principles of tissue engineering for de novo synthesis of muscle
density [20].
tissue [5].
Bioreactor
Cell culture /scaffold-based technique
Bioreactors may be in vivo or in vitro based on the processes tak-
It cannot produce highly structured meats like steaks but can be
ing place. In vitro bio-reactors are used like: Static Culture bioreactors
used to produce ground and boneless meats with soft consistency.
have been widely used in the past and involve the deposition of cells
Scaffolds are porous biomaterials and play a pivotal role in the Tissue
on a scaffold, supplied with the appropriate growth media, and cul-
tured in an incubator. Rotating Wall Vessel bioreactor was developed Engineering paradigm by providing temporary structural support,
at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and con- guiding cells to grow, assisting the transport of essential nutrients and
sists of two concentric cylinders, within which lies an annular space waste products, and facilitating the formation of functional tissues
containing the scaffold with dynamic laminar air flow. Spinner Flask and organs. This was the second type of meat production technique.
in this type, cell seeded scaffolds attached to needles are suspended The principle of scaffold-based technique is that suitable muscle cells
from the top cover of a flask in culture medium. It seems to support proliferate on a carrier called scaffold in the presence of a culture me-
ontogenesis more than the rotating wall vessel bioreactor. Flow Per- dium in a bioreactor. Technicians would isolate embryonic or adult
fusion bioreactors utilize a pump to percolate medium continuously stem cells from a pig, cow, chicken or other animal. Then they would
through the scaffolds interconnected pores and eliminate the internal grow those cells in bioreactors, using a culture derived from plants.
transport limitations of the spinner flask and rotating wall vessel [21]. The stem cells would divide and re-divide for months on end. Techni-
cians would next instruct the cells to differentiate into muscle (rather
The process of developing a cultured-meat production system in-
than, say, bone or brain cells). Finally, the muscle cells would need to
volves the initial collection of suitable cells with the potential to form
be “bulked up” in a fashion similar to the way in which animals build
muscle, as outlined in the previous section, and then greatly expand-
ing the numbers in a bioreactor [22]. Strips of muscle fiber can be their strength by exercising. Scaffolds developed by using natural and
generated, but the development of a full-scale bioreactor suitable for edible biomaterials like collagen that allow for 3-D tissue culture and
mass cultured meat production has yet to be designed and built [3]. complex structuring of meat have also been proposed and attempted
[17,23].
Skeletal muscles are composed of bundles of highly oriented and
dense muscle fibers, each a multinucleated cell derived from myo- Advantages of Culture Meat
blasts (Figure 4). The muscle fibers in native skeletal muscle are closely The main important advantage of producing cultured meat is bet-
packed together in an extracellular three-dimensional matrix to form ter control over meat composition and quality by manipulating the
an organized tissue with high cell density and cellular orientation to composition of the culture medium or co-culturing with other cell
generate longitudinal contraction [11]. types like flavor, fatty acid composition, fat content and ratio of sat-
Self-organizing / Tissue culture techniques urated to poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Harmful saturated fats could
be replaced by healthy fats, like omega-3. In other hand to enhance
This technique is the first technique and was employed by Benja- human health add certain vitamins into culture media [24].
minson, Gilchriest and Lorenz they practice on the fish muscle de-
velopment explants from goldfish (Carassius auratus) in diverse cul- The conventional meat production practices have some risks like
ture media for seven days and observed an increase in surface area in zoonotic disease, shortage of grassland, drug resistance disease in the
different mediums was different percentage. The results-based on the environment and also greenhouse gas emission is increasing etc. but
medium was as - fetal bovine serum: 13.8 %, fishmeal extract: 7.1 %, the in vitro meat production system is that the conditions are con-
shiitake extract: 4.8 %, maitake extract: 15.6 %. The explants were also trolled and manipulated to reduce the risk [3]. It will be easier to keep
placed in a culture containing dissociated Carassius skeletal muscle control of pathogenic contamination in cultured meat production, but
cells and an increase of 79 % in the explants surface area was recorded in vitro meat is associated with more risks of contamination of sub-
[14]. strates and fewer risks with respect to microbial contamination [25].
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Citation: Mengistie D (2020) Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell. J Nutr Food Sci 3: 015.

Culture meat is an all-embracing feeding style. Vegetarians eat are necessary for the production of in vitro meat were not beyond
some animal product like egg, milk, white chicken and fish but they imagination. It is also stated however, that these techniques are only
prohibit meat from cattle, sheep, goat and the like. This becomes par- able to produce boneless meat like hamburger or sausages. But the
ticularly interesting when we bring cultured meat into the frame. In production of higher structured meat like steak is too complex. In vi-
the production of meat foodstuffs in this category, there is no animal tro meat production is theoretically possible, but it faces greater tech-
suffering; there is no exploitation, no slaughter, merely the growth of nical as well as financial challenges is the major problem. In addition
cells in a fermentation vat or tank. Even a vegetarian could, in that to the fund’s benefit of culture, meat from stem cells has the major
case, in principle consume cultured meat [12]. challenge is color and appearance is difficulties in competing with the
conventional meat. Mark post in London to test the culture meat was
Environmental Implications of cultured meat in comparison to reported it was colorless. The color of the meat was improved by add-
conventionally produced meat, it involves approximately 7_45% low- ing a bit of red beet juice and saffron [17].
er energy use (only poultry has lower energy use), 87% lower green-
house gas emissions, 99% lower land use, and 89% lower water use Unnaturalness of cultured meat and source of animal is being per-
depending on the product compared. Despite high uncertainty, it is ceived as one of the strongest barriers for public acceptance like halal
concluded that the overall environmental impacts of cultured meat in Islam, Jewish and vegans [30]. People may feel in vitro meat as arti-
production are substantially lower than those of conventionally pro- ficial meat and not the real thing and as such they depreciate the value
duced meat [26]. of the meat in the same way they would look down on artificial flowers
or synthetic diamonds [17].
The negative impact of conventional meat production is environ-
mental disturbance and shrinkage of resource (Figure 5) [27]. As a prospect in the Christian follower the lord orders on the holy
bible Deuteronomy chapter 14:3-21 to list out the name of edible ani-
mal meat and not touchable animals and also affect the source of stem
cells. ” thou shalt not eat any abominable thing the best you shall eat
ox, sheep and goat’’. And nevertheless, you shall not eat camel and
swine. It also shares with Jewish.

The first “In vitro Meat Symposium” in 2008, held in Norway,

indicated that the first commercial in vitro meat products would be
commercially available in the next 5 to 10 years at prices competi-
tive with European beef (~$5,200–$5,500 per ton or 3,300-3,500 and
each individual can access easily in the supermarket [31]. However, in
Figure 5: Environmental disturbance.
vitro meat production at a commercial level still requires significant
In the case of animal welfare in vitro meat production is positively in-depth research because In the near future, cultured meat will be
implication and acceptable by animal activists and meat experts use an essential part of human diet; nonetheless, in the short term, the
as “victimless meat”, in vitro meat bypasses the moral ramifications of extremely high cost of biosynthesized meat is the main hurdle to its
standard meat production, avoiding animal death entirely by typically feasible commercialization so researchers digging hardly/devote their
removing cells from the donor animal via biopsy and cultivating cells knowledge and time/ to improve the production cost minimization
in medium containing mushroom extract rather than animal blood and commercialization [32].
serum [15,17]. In theory a single farm animal may produce and supply A great challenge in producing a competitive in vitro grown meat
the world population. If ten stem cells divide and differentiate contin- product is ensuring that all necessary nutrients are present. Dietary
ually for two months, they could yield 50000 metric tons of meat [23]. minerals and vitamins not synthesized by myocytes will often require
Farther more the dramatic reduction in land use opens the prospect binding proteins in medium and effective transport mechanisms for
that much of this land may be used for other purposes or just returned entry into the cells. Knowledge of the complex metabolism of each
to wilderness which may help in restoration of many endangered spe- crucial vitamin and mineral is necessary to develop a nutritionally
cies [28]. valuable meat product. While determining the proper nutrient profile
Culture meat is to implication for space mission or travel settlements will be a major hurdle to overcome, it comes with the knowledge of
current trend, supply and physicochemical regeneration (of water how to manipulate the culturing system to make nutritionally tailored
and oxygen) are the most cost-effective, but for longer periods and products [3].
permanent bases, bio-regeneration becomes more attractive [28]. A Future Prospects
controlled ecological life support system (cells) would not only pro-
vide fresh food to the astronauts, but also deal with waste, and provide Feasibility of in-vitro meat production will be solving many prob-
oxygen and water [14,28,29]. Due to Good Manufacturing Practices, lems related to conventional meat production. But these processes
the incidence of food borne diseases could be significantly reduced as required developing bioreactors and to investigate the way that they
the chance of meat contamination would be lower in absence of a po- mimic natural meat by all content (structure morphological and nu-
tentially compromised organism. In addition, the risks of exposure to tritional value). In addition to this the production cost, the public
other hazards associated with conventional meat production systems acceptance, and huge funds are to a great extent required for further
like pesticides, arsenic, dioxins, and hormones could be significantly research in the field are the challenge of cultured meat becomes com-
reduced [27]. mercially feasible.

Disadvantage of Culture Meat Conclusion

Edelman et al. already described in 2005 that the techniques that World population is rapidly increasing day to day and also meat

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Citation: Mengistie D (2020) Lab-Growing Meat Production from Stem Cell. J Nutr Food Sci 3: 015.

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