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Structural Design

The student determined the ultimate moment of resistance of a reinforced concrete beam cross-section. They calculated the yield strength of the reinforcement as 0.87 times the characteristic yield strength. They assumed the steel yielded and calculated the equivalent concrete force based on force equilibrium. This gave a cracking moment which verified the steel yielded. The lever arm was then calculated and used to determine the ultimate moment of resistance as 284.44 kNm.

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28 views5 pages

Structural Design

The student determined the ultimate moment of resistance of a reinforced concrete beam cross-section. They calculated the yield strength of the reinforcement as 0.87 times the characteristic yield strength. They assumed the steel yielded and calculated the equivalent concrete force based on force equilibrium. This gave a cracking moment which verified the steel yielded. The lever arm was then calculated and used to determine the ultimate moment of resistance as 284.44 kNm.

Uploaded by

zrumas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETB 4493

ASSIGNMENT 01

NAME : Bandaranaike A.R.M.D.I

SUBJECT : Structural Design.

ASSIGNMENT NO : Number 01

INDEX NO : EGT/16/411

DATE OF PER : 03/06/2020

DATE OF SUB : 10/06/2020


1) Describe balanced, under reinforced and over reinforced beam sections. What
type/types of beam sections among above three are preferred in structural design.

Balanced section

A balanced section is that, a reinforced concrete beam section in which the


tension steel also reaches yield strain concurrently as the concrete reaches the failure
strain in bending are called as balanced sections. In here, both the steel embedded in the
beam and the concrete reach their permissible value at the same time.

Under-reinforcement beam section

A reinforced beam is called as a under beam section when the steel reaches to yield
strain under lower loads than, concrete reaches to failure strain. That means, before
happening the collapse of concrete anyone can prevent from the unnecessary accidents,
because, the beam section likes this, gives sufficient warning before failure. Yielding of
steel in under-reinforced beam section leads to deflect the steel bars massively and,
hence hairlines and cracking will occur on the concrete surface of the beam before
occuring the failure by giving adequate time for the occupants to escape from that area.
Over-reinforcement beam section.

When the concrete section reaches failure stress, before steel reaches yielding stress
in a reinforcement concrete beam, it is called as over-reinforcement beam section. When
over-reinforced beam is designed and loaded to full capacity then the steel in tension
zone will not yield much until the concrete reaches its ultimate strain. Due to minor
yielding occur in the beam sections, steel will not be capable to deflect and therefore,
any cracking or hairlines cannot be seen in the concrete section. Hence over-
reinforcement beam section doesn’t give adequate time for occupants to go away from
hazardous place.

When referring all the sections, some beam sections can be considered as, not
suitable to use as a structural design. When having a look on balanced beam, practically
it is difficult to have. But theoretically, all the sections designed are considered as
balanced sections. In, an under reinforcement section the available reinforcements are
less than in a balanced section. In an under reinforcement beam, ductile failure occurs
due to the failure in steel, therefore clear signs can be seen in the beam prior to any
hazardous situations as it takes some times to reach the concrete into failure stress,
occupant can survive. Hence, most of the suitable section for structural design is
under reinforcement sections. For an over reinforcement section, the availability of
reinforcement in the beam section is higher than in a balanced section. As the failure of
concrete is sooner than the steel, unexpected and sudden collapse can happen for the
beam which would be really hazardous. Therefore, under reinforcement beam section is
not usually taken for structural designs. Finally it can be conclude that, from above
beam sections the most suitable one for structural design is under reinforcement beam
section.
2) Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the cross-section shown in figure, given
that the characteristic strengths are 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 𝑁 𝑚𝑚2 for the reinforcement and 𝑓𝑐𝑘 =
25 𝑁 𝑚𝑚2 for the concrete.

Reference Calculations Output

Aₛ = 1470 mm2

3.2.7(2) Figure 3.8 fyk = 500 N/ mm2


fyd = fyk/𝛾𝑠
fyd = 1 . fyk
1.15
= 0.87 fyk fyd = 0.87 fyk

3.1.6 (2) 3.15 fck = 25N/ mm2


fcd = 0.85fck / 𝛾𝑐
= 0.85 . fck
1.5
= 0.567 fck fcd = 0.567 fck

Assuming, the steel bars


have become yield.
Fst = fyk .Aₛ
𝛾𝑠
= 0.87fyk. Aₛ
= 0.87×500×10⁶×
1470×10⁻⁶
= 639450 N
As the couple moments acting
to opposite direction.
Fcc = Fst
⸫ Fcc = 639450 N Fcc = 639450 N

Fcc = 0.567 fck×b×s


639450 N= 0.567×25×
10⁶×300×10⁻³×
0.8x
x = 187.96 mm x = 187.96 mm
Checking for yielding
x = 187.96
d 520
0.617 > 0.361
The assumption is correct.
Steel has yielded.
The lever arm (z)
z = d-s
2
= 520 – 0.8×187.96
2
= 444.82 mm
z = 444.82 mm

M = Fcc.Z = Fst.Z
M = Fcc.Z
= 639450N×
444.82 mm×10⁻³
= 284.44 kNm M = 284.44 kNm

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